英汉人文地理词汇
英汉人文地理词汇
A阿朗索模型Alonso model阿罗定理Arrow’s theoremB保护conservation备选格网分析repertory grid analysis背景理论contextual theory背景效应contextual effect本体论ontology比较成本分析comparative cost analysis 比较优势comparative advantage边疆frontier边疆理论frontier thesis边界boundary边缘带fringe belt辩证法dialectic变动成分components of change变量转换transformation of variables 波斯坦论题Postan thesis博塞洛普论点Boserup thesis博弈论game theory伯克利学派Berkeley School不公平分配选区malapportionment不公正的选区划分gerrymandering不均衡发展uneven development不确定性uncertainty布赖纳争议Brenner debateC财政危机fiscal crisis财政转移fiscal migration参与观察participant observation残差residual测度measurement测量measurement ; survey产业组织industrial organization场所place ；locale超空间hyperspace超前——滞后模型lead-lag models成本结构cost structrue成本面cost surface成本曲线cost curve成本收益分析cost-benefit analysis城市urban ; city城市企业家化urban entrepreneurialism城市村庄urban village城市的职能分类functional classification of cities 城市地理学urban geography城市更新urban renewal城市管理者与守护者urban managers and gatekeepers 城市规模分布city-size distribution城市化urbanization城市集居区barrio城市景观townscape城市起源urban origins城市群conurbation城市社会运动urban social movement城市生活方式urbanism城市生态学urban ecology城市首位律primate city , law of the城市特殊人口聚居区ghetto城市体系urban system城市与区域规划urban and regional planning城乡边缘带rural- urban fringe城乡过渡带rural- urban fringe城乡连续谱rural- urban continum城镇town乘数multipliers承载力carrying capacity尺度scale冲突conflict重组restructuring抽象化abstraction抽样sampling初始工业化protoindustrialization出口加工区export platform出行travel传播diffusion创新innovation粗放农业extensive agriculture村庄village存在主义existentialismD达尔文主义Darwinism大都市带megalopolis大都市劳动力区metropolitan labour area (MLA)大理论Grand Theory大陆架continental shelf带状发展ribbon development代表权representation等费线isodapane等级规模法则rank-size rule等值线isarithms ; isolines ; isopleths抵抗态度NIMBY帝国主义imperialism蒂伯特模型Tiebout model蒂森多边形Thiessen polygon第二住宅second home第三世界Third Word地带zone地点locale地方place地方感sence of place地方效用place utility地方政府local state地方主义regionalism地理信息系统geographical information systems (GIS)地理学geography地理学和分析马克思主义analytical Maxism , geography地理学会geographical societies地理学史geography , history of地理学与公正justice , geography and地理学与伦理ethics , geography and地理学想象力geographical imagination地理战略区域geostrategic regions地理政治变迁geopolitical transition地理政治学geopolitics地理知识论geosophy地名place-names地盘政治turf-politics地图影像与地图map image and map地图学cartography地图学史cartography , history of地形图topographic map地形转换transformation地域territory地域单元问题areal unit problem地域分异areal differentiation地域社会指标territorial social indicator地域性（体）locality地缘政治学geopolitik地租rent地租缺口rent gap调查surveying ; survey调查分析survey analysis定量方法quantitative methods定期集市体系periodic market systems定性方法qualitative methods东方主义orientalism都市区metropolitan area读图map reading杜能模型von ThÜnen model对数--线性模型log—linear modelling多层次模型multilevel modelling多国公司multinational corporation(MNC)多核心模型multiple nuclei model多米诺理论domino theory多维标度multidimensional scaling(MDS)多元社会plural society多元文化主义multiculturalism多元论pluralismE二项分布binomial distribution二元经济dual economyF发达development发展development发展方式mode of development发展极growth pole发展论developmentalism法兰克福学派Frankfurt School法律地理学law , geography of法则law反工业化deindustrialization反馈feadback反事实解释法couterfacture explanation反推法retrogressive approach反证法retroduction范式paradigm范围经济economies of scope犯罪地理学crime , geography of方差分析analysis of variance (ANOVA)方法论个人主义methodological individualism方言dialect方域地理学chorography方志学chorology仿真simulation非参数统计学non-parametric statistics非法占用squatting非法占用者居住区squatter settlement非汇总交通需求模型disaggegate travel demand modelling非均衡发展uneven development非正式部门informal sector菲利普斯曲线Phillips curve分岔bifurcation分成制sharecropping分割cleavage分割的劳动市场segmented labour market分级统计图choropleth map分类区间class interval分类与规划classification and regionalization 分配方式mode of distribution分配者gatekeepers分区模型zonal model分区制zoning分权devolution封建制度feudalism封建主义feudalism风险risk福利地理学welfare geography福利国家welfare state福特制Fordism福特主义Fordism福祉well-being符号学semiology (semiotics)符号互动论symbolic interactionism符号化symbolization服务阶级service class服务业地理学service , geography of辅助数据分析secondary data analysis抚养比dependency ratio腹地hinterland负担系数dependency ratioG概率地图probability map感应perception隔离segregation隔离指数indices of segregation耕作cultivation耕作类型farming , type of耕作业farming更替率replacement rates更新renewal工具主义instrumentalism工业地理学industrial geography工业革命industrial revolution工业惯性industrial inertia工业化industrialization工业区位论industrial location theory工业区位政策industrial location policy功能主义functionalism供给曲线supply curve公共财政地理学public finance , geography of公共地的悲剧tragedy of the commons公共服务业地理学public services , geography of公共管理地理学public administration , geography of 公共物品public goods公共选择理论public choice theory公共政策地理学public policy , geography of公民权citizenship公正justice共产主义communism共同市场common market共线性collinearity共享资源common pool resources关联性relevance关税tariff观念类型ideal types管制学派regulation school光谱分析spectral analysis规范理论normative theory规划planning规模scale规模经济economics of scale国家state国家二元论dual theory of the state国家公园national parks国家机器state apparatus国民生产总值gross national product (GNP)国内生产总值gross domestic product (GDP)过程process过度城市化overurbanization过滤filteringH海洋法law of sea旱作农业dry farming核心—边缘模式core-periphery model核心区域core area合成理论compositional theory合作社cooperative合作主义corporatism黑色经济black economy红线歧视redlining宏观地理学macrogeography后福特主义post-Fordism后工业城市post-industrial city后工业社会post-industrial society后结构主义poststucturalism后马克思主义post-Maxism后现代主义postmodernism后殖民主义postcolonialism厚描thick description互补性complementarity花园城市garden city划分fragmentation划区算法districting algorithm话语discourse环境environment环境感知environmental perception环境决定论environmental determinism ; environmentalism 环境论environmentalism环境审核environmental audit环境影响评价environmental impact assessment环境运动environmental movement环境灾害environmental hazard环境主义environmentalism荒漠化desertification荒野wilderness回归regression会展地理学spectacle , geography of汇总交通模型aggregate travel model混沌chaos混沌概念chaotic conception混合经济mixed economy混合农业mixed farming活动分配模型activity allocation model活动空间activity space霍特林模型Hotelling model或然论probabilism货币地理学money , geography ofJ激进地理学radical geography积极的歧视positive discrimination积累accumulation积累制度regime of accumulation基本供给品merit good基布兹（以色列集体农庄）kibbutz基础设施infrastructure机会成本opportunity cost饥荒famines集合城市conurbation集聚体agglomeration集体collective集体消费collective consumption集约农业intensive agriculture集中化centralization集中化和中心化concentration and centralization 即时生产just-in-time计量革命quantitative revolution计算机辅助制图computer-assisted cartography寄居工人gastarbeitev家庭重构family reconstitution家庭类型family types假说hypothesis价格政策pricing policies价值观values兼职农业part-time farming监测surveillance监督surveillance阶层class阶级class健康与保健地理学health and health care , geography of 交换reciprocity交通travel交通地理学transport geography交易分析transactional analysis郊区suburb校准calibration教育education教育地理学education , geography of街区级变blockbusting结构功能主义structural functionalism结构化理论structraction theory结构马克思主义structural Maxism结构主义structuralism结婚率nuptiality解除管制deregulation解构主义deconstruction解释学hermeneutics进化论Darwinism经济地理学economic geography经济基础infrastructure经济基础理论economic base theory经济人economic man经济一体化形式form of economic integration 经验主义empiricism景观landscape ; landschaft竞争方式genre de vie竞租曲线bid-rent curve敬地情结geopiety救济区zone of depedence聚落settlement聚落连续性settlement continuity距离摩擦friction of distance距离衰减distance decay决策decision-making决定论determinism均衡equilibriumK卡方检验chi square开发development开拓地frontier康德拉季耶夫周期Kondratieff cycles康德主义Kantianism康乐recreation科学园science park可变成本分析variable cost analysis可变收益分析variable revenue analysis可持续发展sustainable development可能论possibilism可修正地域单元问题modifiable areal unit problem 可转移性transferability克里斯塔勒模型Christaller model客籍工人gastarbeitev空间space空间边际spatial margin空间不均衡inequality , spatial空间崇拜spatial fetishism空间费用曲线space cost curve空间分离论spatial separatism空间分析spatial analysis空间结构spatial structure空间经济学space-economy空间科学spatial science空间垄断spatial monopoly空间偏好spatial preference空间的生产production of space空间收益曲线space revenue curve空间相互作用spatial interaction空间性spatiality空间自相关spatial autocorrelation跨国公司transnational corporation扩散diffusionL拉马克主义Lamarck(ian)ism劳动labour劳动分工division on labour劳动过程labour process劳动价值论labour theory of value劳动力市场labour market劳里模型Lowry model勒普拉社会Le Play Society类型数据分析categorical data analysis离散选择模型discrete choice modelling离心力和向心力centrifugal and centripetal forces 理论theory理性选择理论rational choice theory利润面profit surface例外主义exceptionalism历史地理学historical geography历史唯物主义historic materialism联邦制federalism联合主义consociationalism联盟alliance联系linkages连锁linkages连通度connectivity连续占据sequent occupance链式迁移chain migration恋地情结topophilia邻里neighbourhood邻里单元neighbourhood unit邻里效应neighbourhood effect零售业地理学retailing , geography of领地territory领海territorial sea领土territory领土性territoryiality“陆军中尉”研究subaltern studies旅游地理学tourism , geography of绿带green belt绿色革命green revolution逻辑斯蒂模型logit逻辑实证主义logical positivismM马尔可夫过程（或马尔可夫链）Markov processes (or Markov chains )马尔萨斯模型Malthusuan model马克思主义地理学Maxist geography马克思主义经济学Maxist economics满意化行为satisfying behaviour蔓延sprawl贸易trade贸易比价terms of trade门户城市gateway city密度梯度density gradient面surface面谈interviewing苗床地区seed bed location民族nation民族方法学ethnomethodology民族国家nation-state民族统一主义irredentism民族性ethnicity民族志ethnography民族主义nationalism模拟simulation模式model模型modelN南--北North-South男性中心主义phallocentrism难民refugees内城inner city内飞地exclave内涵式研究intensive research内在关系internal relations能量energy能源energy逆城市化counterurbanization 逆向法retroduction逆中心化decentralization年鉴学派Annales School年龄与性别结构age and sex structure 农场划分farm fragmentation 农民peasant农田系统field system农业agriculture农业地理学agriculture geography 农业革命agriculture revolution 农业退化agriculture involution 农业综合企业agribusiness奴隶制度slavery女权主义地理学家feminist geographies P帕累托最优Pareto optimality配置allocation批判理性主义critical rationalism皮雷纳命题Pirenne thesis毗连区contiguous zone偏离—份额模型shift-share model贫困poverty贫困的循环cycle of poverty贫民窟slum贫民区slum平等equality平衡邻里balanced neighourhood 平均信息场mean information field 频率分布frequency distribution频数分布frequency distribution剖面cross-sectionQ歧视discrimination企业区enterprise zone迁徙耕种shifting cultivation迁移migration前工业城市preindustrial city欠发达underdevelopment欠消费underconsumption侵入和演替invasion and succession 囚徒困境prisoner’s dilemma区段section区划regionalization区际人口统计population accounts区位布局模型location-allocation model 区位分析location analysis区位理论location theory区位三角形locational triangle区位商location quotient区位相互依赖locational interdependence区域region区域地理学regional geography ; chorology ; chorography 区域公正territorial justice区域阶级联盟regional science区域经济周期regional cycles区域科学regional science区域联盟regional alliance区域趋同regional convergence ; convergence , regional 区域政策regional policy曲面surface趋势面分析trend surface analysis圈地enclosure权力power全球变暖(与温室效应) global warming (and greenhouse effect )全球未来global futures群落communityR人本主义地理学humanistic geography人口变动模型commodity人口地理学commercial geography人口过剩overpopulation人口金字塔population pyramid人口零增长zero population growth (ZPG )人口密度population density人口普查census人口普查区census tract人口潜力population potential人口预测population projection人类地理学anthropogeography人类能动性human agency人类生态学human ecology人类生态学方法错误ecological fallacy人类主观性subjectivity , human , human subjectivity 人类作用human agency人为灾害hazard , human-made人文地理学human geography人种学ethnography认识论epistemology日常城市体系daily urban system瑞利法则Reilly’s lawS扇形模型sectoral model商品commodity商业地理学commercial geography熵entropy熵最大化模型entropy-maximizing models上层建筑superstructure舍贝里模型Sjoberg model社会society社会达尔文主义social Darwinism社会地理学social geography社会反常状态anomie社会福祉social well-being社会公正social justice社会距离social distance社会空间social space社会理论social theory社会区分析social area analysis社会网络social network社会物理学social physics社会形态social formation社会运动social movement社会再生产social reproduction社会指标social indicator社会主义socialism社区community社团societies绅士化gentrification神圣空间与世俗空间sacred and profane space生产production生产地域综合体territorial production complex (TPC)生产方式mode of production生产力forces of production ; productive forces 生产率productivity生产要素factors of production生产者服务业production services生产综合体production complex生存空间lebensraum生活世界lifeworld生活质量quality of life生命表life table生命周期life-cycle生态系统ecosystem生态学ecosystem生育率fertility实用主义pragmatism实在论realism实证主义positivism识别问题的要领problematic时间地理学time-geography时空会聚time-space convergence时空趋同time-space convergence时空压缩time-space compression时空延展time-space distanciation时空预测模型space-time forecasting model 市场market市场交换market exchange市场潜能模型market potential model市场区分析market area analysis市场指向market orientation市民身份citizenship世界城市world city世界系统分析world-system analysis适度人口optimum population收益revenue收益面revenue surface守护者gatekeepers数据分析data analysis数据库database数量革命quantitative revolution数字化digitizing水利社会hydraulic society私人和公共领域private and public spheres私有化privatization死亡率mortality搜索行为search behaviour酸雨acid rain随机过程stochastic processT泰勒主义Taylorism弹性积累flexible accumulation探索数据分析exploratory data analysis 探险exploration特大城市区megalopolis特殊性idiographic体育地理学sport , geography of天然地区nature调整restructuring通达性accessibility通勤commuting通则性nomothetic同化assimilation同批人cohort统计地图cartogram统计学statistics投入—产出input-output投影projection投资investment投资层次layers of investment突变论catastrophe theory图解法iconography图论graph theory图形能力graphicacy土地改革land reform土地利用调查land use survey土地占有land tenure推动主义boosterism推理inference退出、抱怨和信任exit , voice and loyalty脱离secessionW外部经济external economies外部性externalities外飞地enclave外界externalities外延式研究extensive research网络network微观模拟microsimulation危机crisis韦伯模型Weber model围地enclosure唯心主义idealism维护preservation维也纳学派；维也纳小组Vienna Circle (Wiener Kreis)温室效应greenhouse effect文本text文化culture文化霸权hegemony , effect文化地理学cultural geography文化景观culture landscape文化区culture area文化生态学culture ecology文化政治学culture politics文化资本culture capital文化核心culture heart文明社会civil society稳定人口stable population问卷questionnaire问题的构成problematic污染pollution无差异曲线indifference curve无地方性placelessness无家可归homelessness无序资本主义disorganize capitalism无政府主义anarchismX习性habitus系统system系统分析system analysis下层阶级underclass下等街区skid row显示偏好分析revealed preference analysis 显著性检验significance text现代化modernization现代性modernity现代主义modernism现象环境phenomenal environment现象学phenomenology线性规划linear programming相关correlation相互依赖interdepedence相互作用interaction乡村rural乡村地理学rural geography乡村规划rural planning乡村社区rural community想当然的世界taken-for-granted world消费地理学consumption, geography of消费者服务业consumer service小农peasent效率effciency效用utility效用理论utility theory心脏地带heartland新城new town新古典经济学neoclassical economics新国际劳动分工new international division of labour (NIDL)新李嘉图经济学neo-Ricardian economics新殖民主义neocolonialism信息城市information city信息论information theory形态morphology形态测量morphometry形态发生morphogenesis形态学morphology行为空间action space行为behaviour行为地理学behavioural geography行为环境behavioural environment性别与地理学gender and geography性与地理学sexuality and geography性质nature休闲recreation休闲地理学leisure, geography of修辞学rhetoric需求曲线demand curve畜牧pastozalism选举地理学electoral geography学会societies雪带snowbelt循环recyclingY亚细亚生产方式Asiatic model of production 演替succession验证数据分析confirmatory data analysis 阳光带/雪带sunbelt/snowbelt样方quadrat(e)遥感remote sensing野外性wilderness野外工作fieldwork依附dependence依附带zone of dependence一般线性模型general linear model一般系统论general systems theory一体化integration医学地理学medical geography遗产制度inheritance system移动mobility移居diaspora移民劳动力migrant labour意境地图mental map意识形态ideology异化alienation因子分析factor analysis因子复合体compage因子生态学factorical ecology应用地理学applied geography游牧transhumance游牧生活nomadism有序资本主义organize capitalism友邻效应friend-and-neibours effect语言language语言与方言地理学language and dialect, geography 语义（学）差别semantic difference预测forecasting预测寿命life expectancy预算estimate预言predicition原料指向material orientation援助aid运费率freight rate运输成本transport cost运输方式划分modal spilt运输问题transportation problemZ再分配redistribution暂时城市化temporary urbanization增长growth增长的极限limits to growth增长极growth pole增长阶段stages of growth占据occupancy整体论holism正态分布normal distribution证伪falsification政治地理学political geography政治经济学political economy芝加哥学派Chicago School殖民主义colonialism指令经济command economy治安地理学policing , geography of滞后hysteresis中间机会intervening opportunities中心地理论central place theory中心化centralization中心商务区central business district (CBD)中心图学centrography中央计划central planning种植园plantation种族race种族隔离apartheid种族中心主义ethnocentrism种族主义racism重力模型gravity model重商主义模式mercantile model主成分分析principal components analysis (PCA)主导产品staple主导产品理论staples theory主权sovereignty住房阶层housing class住房研究housing studies专家系统expert systems专题地图thematic map追溯法retrospective approach资本capital资本循环circuit of capital资本主义capitalism资源resource资源管理研究resource management资源管理部门resource management资源评价resource evaluation自发聚落spontaneous settlement自给农业subsistence agriculture自决权self-determination自然nature自然区natural area自然主义naturalism自然资源natural resource自相关autocorrelation自由布局型工业footloose industry自由港free port自由贸易区free trade area宗教地理学religion , geography of纵向课题vertical theme纵向数据分析longitudinal analysis租金rent最佳城市规模optimum city size最近相邻分析nearest neighbour analysis 最小最大化准则maximum criterion最优化模型optimization model。
地理相关英语词汇(1)
地理相关英语词汇（1）一、基础词汇1. 地球（Earth）：我们生活的星球，位于太阳系中的第三颗行星。
2. 大陆（Continent）：地球上面积较大的陆地，如亚洲、非洲、北美洲等。
3. 海洋（Ocean）：地球上广阔的盐水区域，如太平洋、大西洋、印度洋等。
4. 国家（Country）：具有独立政治实体和固定领土的区域。
5. 地图（Map）：展示地球表面或某一区域的图形表示。
6. 河流（River）：地表自然水流，通常由源头流向海洋或湖泊。
7. 山脉（Mountain Range）：一系列相连的山峰，如喜马拉雅山脉、阿尔卑斯山脉等。
8. 气候（Climate）：一个地区长期的天气状况和大气现象。
9. 生态系统（Ecosystem）：生物与非生物环境相互作用的一个自然系统。
10. 自然资源（Natural Resources）：自然界中人类可以利用的物质和能量，如水、土地、矿产等。
二、地形地貌词汇1. 高原（Plateau）：相对平坦且海拔较高的地区，如青藏高原。
2. 平原（Plain）：地势低平，起伏较小的地区，如华北平原。
3. 山峰（Mountain）：地形高耸，尖锐或圆形的陆地部分。
4. 峡谷（Canyon）：河流长期侵蚀形成的深而狭窄的地形。
5. 沙漠（Desert）：降水量极少的地区，地表覆盖沙子或石块。
6. 湖泊（Lake）：位于陆地上的淡水或咸水水域，如青海湖、洞庭湖等。
7. 沼泽（Marsh）：土壤水分饱和，生长有特殊植被的地区。
三、地理现象词汇1. 地震（Earthquake）：地球表层快速释放能量，导致地面震动的一种自然现象。
2. 火山爆发（Volcanic Eruption）：地球内部岩浆喷发到地表的现象。
4. 洪水（Flood）：河流、湖泊水位急剧上涨，淹没周边地区的一种自然现象。
5. 干旱（Drought）：长时间无降水或降水量明显减少，导致土壤水分不足的现象。
四、地理学术词汇1. 地理信息系统（GIS）：一种用于捕捉、存储、分析和管理地理空间数据的系统。
地理口译词汇001
主要地理名词中英文对照表(人民教育出版社)001宇宙cosmos['kɑzmos]天体celestial body恒星star星云nebula['nɛbjələ]彗星comet行星planet流星体meteoroid['mitɪər,ɔɪd]水星Mercury金星Venus火星Mars木星Jupiter土星Saturn['sætɝn]天王星Uranus['juərənəs]海王星Neptune['neptju:n]太阳系the solar system银河系the Galaxy河外星系extragalactic system[,ɛkstrə,gə'læktɪk]总星系metagalaxy[,mɛtə'gæləksi]光年light-year太阳辐射solar radiation太阳活动solar activities太阳黑子macula['mækjʊlə]耀斑solar flare回归年tropical year太阳日solar day恒星日sidereal day[saɪ'dɪrɪəl]地轴earth’s axis赤道equator南极South Pole北极North Pole极圈polar circle回归线tropic经线meridian[mə'rɪdɪən]经度parallel纬度longitude本初子午线the prime meridian地球自转earth rotation极昼polar day极夜polar night区时zone time时区time zone地球公转earth revolution太阳高度solar altitude春风the Spring Equinox['ikwɪnɑks]秋分the Autumnal Equinox夏至the Summer Solstice['sɑlstəs]冬至the Winter Solstice热带tropic zone温带temperate zone寒带frigid zone['frɪdʒɪd]地球圈层geosphere ['dʒiːə(ʊ)sfɪə]地震波seismic wave['saɪzmɪk]地壳crust地幔mantle地核core纵波P wave横波S wave大气圈atmosphere水圈hydrosphere['haɪdrosfɪr]生物圈biosphere['baɪosfɪr]气压atmospheric pressure气压梯度pressure gradient force['ɡredɪənt] 等压线isobar['aɪsəbɑr]高（气）压high pressure低（气）压low pressure大气环流general atmospheric circulation 信风trade-wind。
地理学人文地理学术语速记
地理学人文地理学术语速记地理学人文地理学术语速记对于地理学学习者来说是非常重要的。
人文地理学是地理学的一个重要分支，它研究的是人类活动与自然环境之间的相互作用关系。
在学习人文地理学的过程中，我们会经常遇到一些专业的术语，掌握这些术语有助于我们更好地理解与应用人文地理学的理论。
本文将为大家介绍一些常见的人文地理学术语，并提供简洁的速记方法。
1. 人文地理学（Human Geography）人文地理学是研究人类活动与自然环境相互关系的一门学科，它探究了人类如何与环境相互作用并塑造和改变环境。
2. 社会空间（Social Space）社会空间指的是人群活动的场所，它是一种人文地理学中的概念，用来描述人群在社会关系中的空间组织。
3. 文化景观（Cultural Landscape）文化景观是人类活动对自然景观的改造和塑造，它是人文地理学中的重要研究对象。
通过观察和研究文化景观，我们可以了解到不同文化之间的差异和联系。
4. 都市化（Urbanization）都市化指的是农村人口向城市迁移的过程，也是城市规模和人口增长的过程。
随着全球化的影响，都市化现象越来越普遍，对城市和人类生活方式都带来了很大的影响。
5. 区位理论（Location Theory）区位理论是人文地理学中的一个重要理论，它研究的是地理位置对于经济、社会和政治影响的原因及其模式。
区位理论对于解释和预测地区发展和定位具有重要的作用。
6. 文化地理学（Cultural Geography）文化地理学研究的是不同地区和文化之间的相互关系，探究不同文化是如何塑造地理环境并受地理环境影响的。
7. 城市地理学（Urban Geography）城市地理学研究的是城市的发展、结构和功能，并探讨城市在社会经济环境中的作用和影响。
8. 扩散（Diffusion）扩散是指某种现象、理念或文化从一个地区传播到另一个地区的过程。
扩散可以通过人口流动、交通网络和传媒等方式实现。
地理英语词汇大全
地理英语词汇大全地理英语是学习地理学的一门重要内容，其中包含了大量的地理词汇。
本文将为您提供一份地理英语词汇大全，包括自然地理、人文地理以及地理工具和技术的词汇。
希望这个地理英语词汇大全对您学习和理解地理学有所帮助。
一、自然地理词汇1. 地球（Earth）2. 大陆（continent）3. 海洋（ocean）4. 山脉（mountain range）5. 河流（river）6. 湖泊（lake）7. 湿地（wetland）8. 沙漠（desert）9. 森林（forest）10. 草原（grassland）11. 冰川（glacier）12. 岛屿（island）13. 半岛（peninsula）14. 海峡（strait）15. 瀑布（waterfall）16. 火山（volcano）17. 地震（earthquake）18. 气候（climate）19. 天气（weather）20. 水循环（water cycle）二、人文地理词汇1. 国家（country）2. 首都（capital）3. 城市（city）4. 人口（population）5. 民族（ethnicity）6. 文化（culture）7. 经济（economy）8. 政府（government）9. 历史（history）10. 旅游（tourism）11. 建筑（architecture）12. 交通（transportation）13. 教育（education）14. 语言（language）15. 风俗（custom）16. 宗教（religion）17. 市场（market）18. 商业（business）19. 社会（society）20. 城市化（urbanization）三、地理工具和技术词汇1. 地图（map）2. 高程图（topographic map）3. 气象图（weather map）4. 卫星图像（satellite image）5. 三维模型（3D model）6. 地理信息系统（Geographic Information System，GIS）7. 遥感（remote sensing）8. 地层（geological stratum）9. 地质勘探（geological exploration）10. 测量（surveying）11. 定位（positioning）12. GPS导航（GPS navigation）13. 地理坐标（geographic coordinates）14. 地理统计（geographic statistics）15. 水文测量（hydrological measurement）16. 地质灾害（geological hazard）17. 地形分析（terrain analysis）18. 空间数据（spatial data）19. 环境监测（environmental monitoring）20. 城市规划（urban planning）以上是地理英语词汇的大致分类及部分常用词汇，通过掌握这些词汇，您将能更好地理解和应用地理学的知识。
人文地理英语词汇大全了解人类活动文化景观和人口迁移的英文英语词汇
人文地理英语词汇大全了解人类活动文化景观和人口迁移的英文英语词汇本文将为您提供关于人类活动文化景观和人口迁移的英文词汇，让您更好地了解人文地理这一领域。
这些词汇将涵盖人类的文化、活动以及人口迁移等方面。
让我们一起来探索这一令人着迷的领域吧！一、人文地理词汇1. Culture（文化）- 包括语言、宗教、音乐、舞蹈、艺术和风俗习惯等，反映了一个地区或国家独特的历史和传统。
2. Tradition（传统）- 指定一个地区或国家习俗和价值观，以及代代相传的行为和节庆活动。
3. Customs（风俗习惯）- 一国或地区特定的传统行为和习俗，比如结婚仪式、葬礼仪式等。
4. Language（语言）- 人们交流的工具，不同地区和国家有不同的语言。
5. Religion（宗教）- 指人类对宇宙和超自然力量的崇拜和信仰。
6. Architecture（建筑）- 基于特定文化和地理环境而设计的建筑物。
7. Cuisine（美食）- 指特定地区的传统食物和烹饪风格。
二、人类活动相关词汇1. Urbanization（城市化）- 指人口从农村地区移居到城市地区，导致城市规模扩大。
2. Industrialization（工业化）- 表示农业经济向工业经济转变的过程，该过程通常伴随着城市化的加速。
3. Globalization（全球化）- 指国际间经济、政治、文化和社会交流和互动的加深与加速。
4. Tourism（旅游业）- 人们为了娱乐、放松或获取文化经验而进行的旅行活动。
5. Migration（迁移）- 人口从一个地区或国家向另一个地区或国家的流动。
6. Rural（农村）- 指较少工业和商业发展，主要以农业为主的地区。
7. Urban（城市）- 指人口密度较高，工业和商业发达的地区。
8. Transportation（交通）- 指人和货物从一个地方到另一个地方的运输方式。
三、人口迁移相关词汇1. Immigration（移民）- 人们从一个国家或地区移居到另一个国家或地区。
【人文地理学】119个专业英语名词解释汇总
【人文地理学】119个专业英语名词解释汇总[1]Physical GeographyThe study of natural processes and the distribution of features in the environment, such as landforms, plants, animals, and climate[2]Human GeographyThe study of the events and processes that have shaped how humans understand, use, and alter earth[3]Spatial PerspectiveGeographic perspective that focuses on how people live on Earth, how they organize themselves, and why the events of human societies occur where they do[4]Ecological Perspectivethe relationships between living things and their environments[5]Locationthe position that a point or object occupies on Earth[6]Absolute LocationThe exact location of an object, usually expressed in coordinates of longitude and latitude[7]Relative Locationa description of where a place is in relation to other places or features[8]Placea location on Earth that is distinguished by its physical and human characteristics[9]SiteA place's absolute location, as well as its physical characteristics, such as the landforms, climate, and resources[10]SituationLocation of a place in relation to other places or its surrounding features[11]SpaceThe area between two or more things[12]Distributeto arrange within a given space[13]Densitythe number of things- people, animals, or objects -in a specific area [14]Patternthe way in which things are arranged in a particular space[15]Flowmovement of people, goods, or information that has economic, social, political, or cultural effects on societies[16]Environmental Determinismthe idea that human behavior is strongly affected, controlled, or determined by the physical environment[17]Distance Decaya principle stating that the farther away one thing is from another, the less interaction the two things will have[18]Time-space Compressiona key geographic principle that describes the ways in which modern transportation and communication technology have allowed humans to travel and communicate over long distances more quickly and easily[19]Possibilismtheory of human-environment interaction that states that humans have the ability to adapt the physical environment to their needs[20]SustainabilityThe use of Earth's land and natural resources in ways that ensure they will continue to be available in the future[21]ScaleThe area of the world being studied[22]Regionan area of Earth's surface with certain characteristics that make it cohesive yet distinct from other areas[23]Formal Regionan area that has one or more shared traits; also called a uniform region[24]Functional Regionan area organized by its function around a focal point, or the center of an interest or activity[25]Nodethe focal point of a functional region[26]Suburbsless densely populated residential and commercial areas surrounding a city [27]Perceptual Regiona type of region that reflects people's feelings and attitudes about a place; also called a vernacular region[28]Vernacular Regiona type of region that reflects people's feelings and attitudes about a place; also called a perceptual region[29]Globalizationthe expansion of economic, cultural, and political processes on a worldwide scale[30]Theorya system of ideas intended to explain certain phenomena[31]World System Theorytheory describing the spatial and functional relationships between countries in the world economy; categorizes countries as part of a hierarchy consisting of the core, periphery, and semi-periphery[32]Coreclassification of a country or region that has wealth, higher education levels, more advanced technologies, many resources, strong militaries, and powerful allies[33]Peripheryclassification of a country or region that has less wealth, lower education levels, and less sophisticated technologies and also tends to have an unstable government and poor healthcare systems[34]Semi-peripheryclassification of a country or region that has qualities of both core and peripheral areas and is often in the process of industrializing[35]Sustainable Developmentdevelopment that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs[36]Quantitativeinvolving data that can be measured by numbers[37]Qualitativeinvolving data that is descriptive of a research subject and is often based on people's opinions[38]Censusan official count of the number of people in a defined area, such as a state [39]Geographic Information Systems(GIS)a computer system that allows for the collection, organization, and display of geographic data for analysis[40]Topographythe representation of Earth's surface to show natural and human-made features, especially their relative positions and elevations[41]Remote Sensingcollecting or analyzing data from a location without making physical contact[42]Global Positioning System(GPS)a network of satellites that orbit Earth and transmit location data to receivers, enabling users to pinpoint their exact location[43]Cartographersa person who creates maps[44]Absolute DistanceDistance that can be measured using a standard unit of length[45]Relative Distancedistance determined in relation to other places or objects[46]Absolute DirectionThe cardinal directions north, south, east, and west[47]Relative Directiondirection based on a person's perception, such as left, right, up, or down[48]Map Scalethe relationship of the size of the map to the size of the area it represents on Earth's surface[49]Reference Mapsa map that focuses on the location of places[50]Thematic Mapsany map that focuses on one or more variables to show a relationship between geographic data[51]Population Distributionwhere people live in a geographic area[52]Dispersedspread out[53]Climatethe long-term patterns of weather in a particular area[54]Temperate Climatesa climate with moderate temperatures and adequate precipitation amounts[55]Landformsthe natural features of Earth's surface[56]Human Migrationthe permanent movement of people from one place to another[57]Population Densitythe number of people occupying a unit of land[58]Arithmetic Densitythe total number of people per unit area of land; also called crude density[59]Physiological Densitythe total number of people per unit of arable land[60]Arable Landland that can be used to grow crops[61]Agricultural Densitythe total number of farmers per unit of arable land[62]Subsistence Agriculturean agricultural practice that provides crops or livestock to feed one's family and close community using fewer mechanical resources and more people to care for the crops and livestock[63]Carrying Capacitythe maximum population size an environment can sustain[64]Dependency Ratiothe number of people in a dependent age group (under age 15 or age 65 and older) divided by the number of people in the working-age group (ages 15 to 64), multiplied by 100[65]Sex Ratiothe proportion of males to females in a population[66]Demographicsdata about the structures and characteristics of human populations[67]Fertilitythe ability to produce children[68]Crude Birth Rate(CBR)the number of births in a given year per 1,000 people in a given population[69]Total Fertility Rate(TFR)the average number of children one woman in a given country or region will have during her childbearing years (ages 15 to 49)[70]Mortalitydeaths as a component of population change[71]Crude Death Rate(CDR)the number of deaths in a given year per 1,000 people in a given population[72]Infant Mortality Rate(IMR)the number of deaths of children under the age of 1 per 1,000 live births[73]Life Expectancythe average number of years a person is expected to live[74]Population Pyramidsa graph that shows the age-sex distribution of a given population[75]Rate of Natural Increase(INR)rate at which a population grows as the result of the difference between the crude birth rate and the crude death rate[76]Doubling Time(DT)the number of years in which a population growing at a certain rate would double[77]Urbanizationurban growth and development[78]Overpopulationa term used to describe the condition in which population growth outstrips the resources needed to support life[79]Neo-Malthusiandescribing the theory related to the idea that population growth is unsustainable and that the future population cannot be supported by Earth's resources[80]Demographic Transition Model(DTM)a model that represents shifts in the growth of the world's populations, based on population trends related to birth rate and death rate[81]Epidemiological Transition Model(ETM)a model that describes changes in fertility, mortality, life expectancy, and population age distribution, largely as the result of changes in causes of death[82]Antinatalistdescribing attitudes or policies that discourage childbearing as a means of limiting population growth[83]Pronatalistdescribing attitudes or policies that encourage childbearing as a means of spurring population growth[84]Land Degradationlong-term damage to the soil's ability to support life (page 103)[85]Mobilityall types of movement from one location to another, whether temporary or permanent or over short or long distances[86]Circulationmigration pattern in which migrant workers move back and forth between their country of origin and the destination country where they work temporary jobs[87]Human Migrationthe permanent movement of people from one place to another[88]Emigrationmovement away from a location[89]Immigrationmovement to a location[90]Net Migrationthe difference between the number of emigrants and immigrants in a location, such as a city or a country[91]Gravity Modela model that predicts the interaction between two or more places; geographers derived the model from Newton's law of universal gravitation[92]Push Factora negative cause that compels someone to leave a location[93]Pull Factora positive cause that attracts someone to a new location[94]Voluntary Migrationtype of migration in which people make the choice to move to a new place[95]Forced Migrationtype of migration in which people are compelled to move by economic, political, environmental, or cultural factors[96]Transnational Migrationinternational migration in which people retain strong cultural, emotional, and financial ties with their countries of origin[97]Internal Migrationmovement within a country's borders[98]Friction of Distancea concept that states that the longer a journey is, the more time, effort, and cost it will involve[99]Transhumancethe movement of herds between pastures at cooler, higher elevations during the summer months and lower elevations during the winter[100]Chain Migrationtype of migration in which people move to a location because others from their community have previously migrated there[101]Step Migrationseries of smaller moves to get to the ultimate destination[102]Intervening Obstaclean occurrence that holds migrants back[103]Intervening Opportunityan occurrence that causes migrants to pause their journey by choice[104]Guest Workersa migrant who travels to a new country as temporary labor[105]Circular Migrationmigration pattern in which migrant workers move back and forth between their country of origin and the destination country where they work temporary jobs[106]Distance Decaya principle stating that the farther away one thing is from another, the less interaction the two things will have[107]Refugeesa person who is forced to leave his or her country for fear of persecution or death[108]Asylumthe right to protection in a country[109]Internally Displaced Personsperson who has been forced to flee his or her home but remains within the country's borders[110]Human Traffickingdefined by the United Nations as "the recruitment, transportation, harboring, or receipt of persons by improper means (such as force, abduction, fraud, or coercion)"[111]Repatriateto return to one's home country[112]Interregional Migrationmovement from one region of the country to another[113]Intraregional Migrationmovement within one region of the country[114]Quotaslimit on the number of immigrants allowed into the country each year [115]Kinship Linksnetworks of relatives and friends[116]Skills Gapa shortage of people trained in a particular industry[117]Remittancesmoney earned by an emigrant abroad and sent back to his or her home country[118]Brain Drainthe loss of trained or educated people to the lure of work in another often richer country[119]Relocation Diffusionthe spread of culture traits through the movement of people。
地理专业英语词汇
地理专业英语词汇地理专业英语词汇大全地理用英语说篇一：地理专业英语geography地理geographer地理学家hemisphere半球meridian子午线，经线parallel平行圈，纬线latitude经度longitude精度elevation海拔altitude高度temperatelatitudes温带地区horizon地平线equator赤道tropics热带地区Arctic北极Antarctic(Antarctica)南极expedition探险timezone时区topography地形，地形学plain平原plateau(highland)高地lowland低地basin盆地cavern(cave)洞穴terrain地域subterranean(underground)地底下coastland沿海地区island岛屿continentalisland大陆岛volcanicisland火山岛coralisland珊瑚岛islet小岛peninsular半岛continent大陆continentalshelf大陆架ranges山脉valley峡谷canyon峡谷channel(strait)海峡remote-sensing遥感的terrestrial地球的，陆地的terrestrialheat(geothermal)地热terrestrialmagnetism(geomagnetism)地磁continentaldrift大陆漂移学说sea-floorspreading海床扩展evaporation蒸发salinity含盐度oceanbottom海床sediment沉淀物，沉积物tropical热带的temperate温带的frigid寒带的formation形成frostheaving冻胀现象fieldstone卵石physicalgeography自然地理economicgeography经济地理geopolitics地理政治论ethnography民族志cosmography宇宙志cosmology宇宙论geology地理学toponymy地名学oceanography海洋学meteorology气象学orography山志学hydroaraphy水文学vegetation植被relief地形,地貌climate气候Earth地球,大地Universe,cosmos宇宙world世界globe地球仪earth,globe地壳continent大陆terrafirma陆地coast海岸archipelago群岛peninsula半岛island岛plain平原valley谷地meadow(小)草原prairie(大)草原lake湖泊pond池塘marsh,bog,swamp沼泽smalllake小湖lagoon泻湖moor,moorland荒原desert沙漠dune沙丘oasis绿洲savanna,savannah(南美)大草原virginforest原始森林steppe大草原tundra冻原ahorizon腐殖堆积层aalava块熔岩abandonedfield撩荒地abandonedlands撩荒地abandonedmine废弃矿山abandonedshoreline旧岸线aberration像差abiogenesis自然发生abioticfactor非生物因素ablation水蚀ablationmoraine消融冰碛abnormality反常aboriginal土着的abrasion海蚀abrasionplatform浪蚀台地abrasionshore浪蚀海岸abrasionsurface浪蚀面abrasionterrace海蚀阶地abrasive研磨剂abruptslope陡坡abrupttexturalchange质地突变abscissa横坐标absoluteage绝对年龄absoluteagedetermination绝对年代测定absoluteageofgroundwater地下水绝对年龄absolutealtitude绝对高度absoluteamplitude绝对振幅absolutechronology绝对年代absoluteconvergence绝对收敛absolutedating绝对年代测定absoluteerror绝对误差absoluteextremes绝对极值absolutegeochronology绝对地质年代学地理用英语说篇二：地理专业词汇英语翻译ahorizon腐殖堆积层aalava块熔岩abandonedfield撩荒地abandonedlands撩荒地abandonedmine废弃矿山abandonedshoreline旧岸线aberration像差abiogenesis自然发生abioticfactor非生物因素ablation水蚀ablationmoraine消融冰碛abnormality反常aboriginal土着的abrasion海蚀abrasionplatform浪蚀台地abrasionshore浪蚀海岸abrasionsurface浪蚀面abrasionterrace海蚀阶地abrasive研磨剂abruptslope陡坡abrupttexturalchange质地突变abscissa横坐标absoluteage绝对年龄absoluteagedetermination绝对年代测定absoluteageofgroundwater地下水绝对年龄absolutealtitude绝对高度absoluteamplitude绝对振幅absolutechronology绝对年代absoluteconvergence绝对收敛absolutedating绝对年代测定absoluteerror绝对误差absoluteextremes绝对极值absolutegeochronology绝对地质年代学absolutegeopotential绝对重力势absolutegravity绝对重力absolutehumidity绝对湿度absoluteinstability绝对不稳定性absolutemaximum绝对极大absolutemeasure绝对尺度absoluteminimum绝对极小absoluteorientation绝对定向(A-B)absoluteparallax绝对视差absoluteprecision绝对精度absoluterepresentation绝对值表示法absolutetemperature绝对温度absolutevalue绝对值absolutezero绝对零度absorbedradiantflux吸收辐射absorbedradiation吸收辐射absorbent吸收剂absorbingcapacity吸收能力absorbingcomplex吸收性复合体absorptance吸收系数absorption吸收absorptionband吸收带absorptioncoefficient吸收系数absorptioncurve吸收曲线absorptionfactor吸收因素absorptionfilter吸收滤光片absorptionofenergy 能量吸收absorptionoflight光吸收absorptionspectrum吸收光谱absorptionsurface吸收面absorptivecapacity吸收本领absorptivity吸收能力absorptivityemissivityratio吸收发射比abstractsymbol抽象符号abundanceofisotopes同位素的丰度abundanceoftheelements元素丰度abundanceratioofisotopes同位素的相对丰度abundantrainfall过量降雨abyss深渊abyssal深海的abyssalbasins深海盆地abyssalbenthos深海底栖生物abyssaldeposits深海沉积物abyssalfacies 深海相abyssalhill深海丘陵abyssalplain深海平原abyssalregion深海区abyssalsediment深海沉积物abyssalzone深海带acariasis螨病acarinosis 螨病acaustobiolite非可燃性生物岩acceleratederosion加速侵蚀acceleratedweathering加速风化acceleration加速度acceptance接收acceptor 收体acceptoratom受体原子acceptorbond接体合accessoryelement伴随元素accessorymineral副次要accessoryspecies次要种accidentalejecta外源喷出物accidentalerror偶然误差accidentalspecies偶见种acclimatization气候驯化acclivity上行坡accompanimentelement伴生元素accordanceofsummitlevels峰顶面等高性accordantjunction协和汇流平齐汇流交合汇流accordantjunctionofstreams协合流accretiongley淤积潜育层accumulatedtemperature积温accumulation堆积accumulationcurve累积曲线accumulationhorizon聚积层accumulationmountains堆积山地accumulationofassimilationproducts同化物累积accumulationofhumus腐殖质蓄积accumulationoforganicmatter有机质堆积accumulativecoast堆积海岸accumulativerelief堆积地形accuracy准确度accuracyofmeasurement测定准确度aceticacid醋酸aceticacidbacteria醋酸菌aceticfermentation醋酸发酵achromaticobjective消色差物镜achromatopsia色盲acidalkalinebarriers酸碱障acidbasebalance酸碱平衡acidbaseequilibrium酸碱平衡acidbrownforestsoils酸性棕色森林土acidearth酸性白土acidfastbacteria抗酸菌acidfastness抗酸性acidfermentation酸性发酵acidgeochemicalbarrier酸性地球化学障acidgroup酸根acidhumus酸性腐殖质acidigneousrock酸性火成岩acidmedium酸性介质acidpeatsoil酸性泥炭土acidrain酸雨acidresidue酸性残余物acidrock酸性岩acidrocks酸性岩acidsoil酸性土acidsolution酸性溶液acidspring酸性泉acidtolerantspecies耐酸品种acidvalue酸值acidiclava酸性熔岩acidification酸化acidite酸性岩acidity酸度acidityofsoil土壤酸度acidoid酸性胶体acidophileorganisms嗜酸有机体acidophilousplant喜酸植物acidophyte 喜酸植物acidosis酸中毒acidotrophiclake酸性营养湖acidulation酸化acotyledon无子叶植物acquiredcharacter获得特性acricferralsols强淋溶铁铝土acrisols强淋溶土acrorthox强酸性正常氧化土acrospore顶生孢子acrox高风化氧化土acstivation夏眠actinium锕actinoliteschist阳起片岩actinometer日光辐射计actinometry日射测定法actinomorphic辐射对称的.actinomycetes放线菌actinomycosis放线菌病actioncenteroftheatmosphere大气活动中心actionpotential动诅位activatedadsorption活化吸附activatedcomplex活化络合物activatedsludge活性污泥activatedwater活化水activationanalysis活化分析activationenergy活化能activator活化剂activeacidity活性酸度activecave发展中洞穴activecirque活动冰斗activefault活断层activefront活跃锋activeglacier活冰川activegroup活性基activehumus活性腐殖质activehydrogen活性氢activelayer活动层activemud活性淤泥activeplate移动板块activesensor织式遥感器activesoilformers活性成土因素activesubstance活性物质activevolcano 活火山activity活度activitycoefficient活度系数actualacidity实际酸度actualsize实际尺寸acuity敏锐acycliccompound无环化合物adaptability适应性adaptation适应adaptivecontrol自适应控制adaptivehistogramadjustment适应性直方图蝶2adaptiveradiation适应辐射additionsubtractiondiagram加减图表additionalsurvey补充测量additivecolormixture加色混合additivecolorviewer彩色合成仪additiveconstant附加常数additiveprimaries 加色法原色additiveprocess加色处理address地址adenosinetriphosphoricacid腺苷三磷酸adhesion粘附adhesivecapacity粘附量adhesiveforce粘附力adhesivewater粘附水adhesiveness粘合性adiabat绝热曲线adiabaticcompression绝热压缩adiabaticcooling绝热冷却adiabaticcurve 绝热曲线adiabaticequilibrium绝热平衡adiabaticexpansion绝热膨胀adiabaticheating绝热增温adiabaticprocess绝热过程adiabaticstate绝热状态adiabatictemperaturegradient绝热温度梯度adion吸附离子adjacentrock 围岩adjacentsea边缘海adjoiningrock围岩adjoiningsheet相邻图幅adjustablecropcalendar可碉历adjustment蝶adjustmentcomputations蝶计算adjustmentingroups分组蝶adjustmentinonecast整体蝶adjustmentoftheprintingplate上版administrativediagram行政区划略图admixture混合adobe灰质粘土adobesoil龟裂粘性土壤adretslope向阳面山坡adsorbingcapacity吸附量adsorption吸附adsorptionbarriers吸附壁垒adsorptionindicator吸附指示剂adsorptivecapacity吸附能力advanceofglacier冰川前进advancedissue临时版advancedmicrowavemoisturesensor高级微波水汽遥感器advancedsurveying 高等测量学advection平流advectionfog平另adventivecrater侧裂火山口advertisingmap宣传图aeoliandeposit风成沉积层aeolianlandform风成地形aeolianprocesses风成过程aeoliansoil风成土aeratingroot呼吸根aeration通风aerationporosity通气孔隙度aerationtissue通气组织aerenchyma通气组织aerialarch空鞍aerialarchaeologicaldiscovery空中考古发现aerialarchaeology航空考古学aerialfilm航摄软片aerialforestsurvey森林航空甸aerialmapping航空测图aerialmappingmethods航空摄影法aerialoverlap航空摄重叠aerialphotodetailtransfer航空象片细部转绘法aerialphotointerpretation航空象片判读aerialphotogrammetry航空摄影量aerialphotograph航空像片aerialphotographscale航摄照片缩尺aerialphotographiccamera航摄仪aerialphotographicnavigation航摄领航aerialphotographicreconnaissance航空摄影勘察aerialphotographicsurvey航空摄影aerialphotography航空测量aerialphotographycraft航摄飞机aerialroot气生根aerialropeway架空死aerialsurvey航空摄影测量aerialtriangulation航空三角测量aerobicbacteria好气细菌aerobicdecomposition好气分解aerobicfermentation需气发酵aerobicmetabolism需氧代谢酌aerobiology空气生物学aerobiosis好氧生活aerocartograph航空测图仪aerocartography航空地图绘制学aeroclimate高空气候aeroclimatology高空气候学aerodrome机场aerogeochemicalprospecting航空地球化学勘探aerogeography航空地理学aerolite石陨石aerolith石陨石aerologicaldiagram高空图解aerology高空气象学aerometeorograph航空气象仪aerometeorology航空气象学aeronauticalmeteorology航空气象学aeronomy高层大气物理学aerophotogeologicalmap航空摄影地质图aerophotograhicplan航测平面图aerophotogrammetricsurvey航空摄影甸aerophotogrammetry航空摄影测量学aerophotograph航空像片aerophotographicmap航摄地图aerophotographicsketch航空像片略图aerophotography航空摄影aerophototopography航空摄影地形测量学aerophytes气生植物aeroplanemapping航空制图aeroplanephotography航空摄影aerosolspectrum气溶胶光谱aerospacesurvey宇航探索aerosurvey航空测量aerotaxis区性aerotopography航空地形测量aerotriangulation空中三角测量aerotropism 向氧性aeschynite易解石aestheticappreciationofmap美学aetiology病原学affinity亲和力afforestation造林africanarmyworm莎草粘虫aftereffect后酌afterripening后熟afterglow 余光军afterimage残像aftermath再生草aftershock余震agatemortar玛瑙研钵ageclass龄级agedetermination年代测定ageoflake湖龄ageoflandscape景观年齿令ageofloweredsealevel低海面时期ageofrelief地形年龄ageoftheearth地球年龄ageoftide潮龄agent因子ageostropicwind非地转风agglomerate集块岩agglomeratelava集块熔岩agglomeration集块agglutination胶着aggradatedplain加积平原aggradation填积aggradationisland加积岛aggradationplain加积平原aggradationalsoils 加积土壤aggradationalterrace加积阶地aggradedvalley冲积河谷aggradingriver淤积河aggregate集合体aggregateanalysis团聚体分析aggregatestructure团聚结构aggregationmoisture团聚化含水量aggressivewater侵蚀性水agitation搅拌agitator搅拌机agnotozoicera元古代agpaite钠质火成岩类agrichorizon耕足agricultralclimaticregionalization农业气候区划agricultualresourceinformationsystem农业资源信息系统agriculturalclimatology农业气候学agriculturalenvironment农业环境agriculturalevaluationongroundwater 地下水农业评价agriculturalgeochemistry农业地球化学agriculturalgeology农业地质学agriculturalgeomorphology农业地貌学agriculturalhydrology农业水文学agriculturalmap农业地图agriculturalmelioration农业土壤改良agriculturalmeteorology农业气象学agriculturalnaturalresource农业自然资源agriculturalpollutant农业污染物agriculturalproducts农产品agriculturalregion农业区agriculturalregionalization农业区划agriculturalrelief农业地貌agriculturalremotesensing农业遥感agriculturalresource农业资源agriculturalresourceevaluation农业资源评价agriculturalresourcemonitor农业资源监测agriculturalvegetationindex农业植被指数agriculture农学agroenvironmentalinformationsystem农业环境信息系统agroclimate农业气候agroclimaticmaps农业气候图agroclimatology农业气候学agroforestrialgeology农林地质学agrogeography农业地理学agrogeology 农业地质学agrology农业土壤学agromelioration农业土壤改良agrometeorologicalforecast农业气象预报agrometeorologicalindex农业气象指标agrometeorologicalobservation农业气象观测agrometeorology农业气象学agronomicalyieldestimation农学估产agrostology草本学agrudalf耕层湿淋溶土airavalanche空气雪崩aircontent含气量aircurrent气流airdry风干的airdrysample风干样品airdryweight风干重airdrying风干airforcebase空军基地airhumidity大气湿度airmappingaeroplane航测飞机airmass气团airmassanalysis气团分析airmassclassification气团分类airmassclimatology气团气候学airmassinflux气团岭airmassmodification气团变性airmasstrajectory气团轨迹airpermeability透气性airphotographicalsurvey航空摄影甸airphotography空中摄影airpollution空气污染airpollutionmonitoring大气污染观测airport航空港airroute航线airsaddle空鞍airseainteraction海气相互酌airshrinkage空气收缩airtemperature气温airtriangulation空中三角测量airturbulence大气湍流大气紊流airbornegeochemicalprospecting航空地球化学勘探airbornemicroorganisms大气微生物airborneradar空中雷达airborneremotesensing航空遥感airbornesonar空中声呐airfield机场airlineroutemap航空线图alaskite白岗岩albaqualf漂白潮淋溶土albedo反射率albedooftheearth地球反射率albedometer反射仪albicarenosols漂白红砂土albichorizon漂白层albicluvisols漂白淋溶土albinism白化albite钠长石albitization钠长石化alboll漂白软土albumin白蛋白alcoholthermometer酒精温度计alcoholicfermentation乙醇发酵aldehyde 醛alder赤杨aldergrove赤杨林alderswampforest赤杨沼泽林aleurite粉沙aleuriticclay粉砂粘土aleurolite粉砂岩alfisol淋溶土algae藻类algallimestone藻灰岩algorithmiclanguage算法语言alicycliccompound脂环化合物alicyclicseries脂环系alidade照准部alienspecies外源种aliphaticcompound脂族化合物alkalialuminametasomatism碱铝交替alkalibasalt碱性玄武岩alkaligranite碱性花岗岩alkalilimeindex碱石灰质指数alkalimetal碱金属alkaliolivinebasaltmagma碱性橄榄玄武岩岩浆alkalirockseries碱性岩系alkalicrock碱性岩alkalicultrabasicrock碱性超基性岩alkalimeter碱量计alkalimetry碱量滴定法alkalineearthmetal碱土金属alkalinegeochemicalbarrier碱性地球化学障alkalinemarsh碱沼alkalinemedium碱性介质alkalineplant适碱植物alkalinerock碱性岩alkalinesoil碱性土alkalinesolution碱性溶液alkalinespring碱性矿泉alkalinewater碱性水alkalinity碱度alkalitrophiclake碱性营养湖alkalization碱化alkalizedsoil碱化土alkaloid生物碱alkalosis碱中毒alkylgroup烷基allelopathy相互影响allergen变应原allergy变应性alliticsoil富铝土allobar变压区allochromaticcolor假色allochthon外来体allochthonicgroundwater外源地下水allochthonousdeposit移积allochthonousfold异地生成褶皱allochthonouspeat外来泥炭allochthonousriver外源河allogenicelement他生元素allogenicsuccession异发演替allopatric在给发生的allopatry异域性allophane水铝英石allotriomorphic他形的allotrope 同素异形体allotrophiclake他养湖allotropicmodification同素异形体allotropism同素异形allotropy同素异形allowableerror容许误差alluvial冲积的alluvialbrownsoil棕色冲积土alluvialcone冲积扇alluvialdeposit冲积层alluvialfan冲积扇alluvialfandeposit冲积扇层alluvialgold砂金alluvialmeadowsoil冲积性草甸土alluvialoredeposit冲积矿床alluvialplains冲积平原alluvialsoil冲积土alluvialterrace冲积阶地alluvialvalley冲积河谷alluviation冲积alluvium冲积层almandine铁铝榴石almandite铁铝榴石alpharayspectrometer射线能谱仪alphitite岩粉土alpineanimal高山动物alpinebelt高山带alpinecarbonaterawsoil高山碳酸盐粗腐殖土alpinedesert高山荒漠alpinefolding阿尔卑斯褶皱alpineglacier阿尔卑斯型高山冰川alpineglow高山辉alpinehumussoil高山腐殖质土alpinemeadow高山草甸alpineplant高山植物alpinesilicatedrawsoil高山硅酸盐粗骨土alpinesoil高山土壤alpinetypeofrelief高山地形alpinevegetation高山植被alpinezone高山带altazimuth经纬仪alteratedrocks蚀变岩alteration蚀变酌alterationhalo蚀变晕alterationmineral蚀变矿物alterationofangles角度畸变alterationzone 蚀变带alternationofbeds互层alternationofgenerations世代交替alternationofstrata互层altimeter测高计altimetricsurvey高程测量altiplanationterraces高山剥夷阶地altitude高度altitudeangle高度角altitudedatum高程基准面altitudedifference高差altitudeofthesun太阳高度altitudetraverse高程线altitudinalbelt高度带altitudinalzonality垂直分布带altitudinalzonalityofvegetation高程植被带altocumulus高积云altostratus高层云alumina矾土aluminite矾石aluminium铝aluminiumdeposit铝矿床aluminiumsilicate铝硅酸盐aluminosilicate铝硅酸盐aluminum铝alunite茂石alunitization茂石化alvar矮灌木草地amazonite天河石amazonstone天河石amber琥珀ambientnoise环境噪声amelioration改进ameliorationoflowproductive地理用英语说篇三：1.core;mantle;crust地核；地幔；地壳4.continentalcrust大陆地壳5.granite;basalt花岗岩；玄武岩6.sial;sima硅铝层；硅镁层7.surfacewaves;body..面波；体波8.epicentre;focus震中；震源9.lithosphere岩石圈10.tectonicplate构造板块11.continetaldrift大陆漂移12.asthenosphere软流层13.oceanridge洋脊14.oceantrench海沟15.subduction俯冲作用16.volcanism火山作用17.foldmountain褶皱山脉18.fold;fault褶皱；断层19.sedimentaryrocks沉积岩20.vent火山口va熔岩22.volcaniccones火山锥23.parasiticcone寄生火山锥24.plug岩颈25.volcanicash火山灰26.mechanicalweathering机械风化27.chemicalweathering化学风化28.freeze-thaw冻融29.pressurerelease卸荷释重30.limestone石灰岩31.hydrolysis水解作用32.quartz石英33.hydration水合作用34.oxidation氧化作用35.alluvium冲击层36.gravel砂砾37.denudation剥蚀作用38.precipitation降水39.climaticzone气候带40.mid-latitude中纬度41.semi-arid半干旱42.tropicalwet-dry热带干湿季气候43.watershed分水岭44.drainagebasin流域45.regolith风化层46.soilcreep土壤蠕动47.massmovement块体运动48.strata地层49.overlandrunoff地表径流50.sheetwash片状冲刷51.pediment山前侵蚀平原（山足面）52.rockfall山崩ndslide滑坡54.interception截流55.evapotranspiration蒸发和蒸腾总量56.capillaryrise毛管上升57.aerationzone包气带58.overlandflow;interflow;baseflow地表径流；壤中流；地下径流59.watertable潜水面（水位）60.basinlength;area流域长度;流域面积61.tributary支流；62.trunkstream干流63.drainagedensity河网密度64.floodplain泛滥平原。
地理词汇中英对译
地理词汇中英对译entisol 新成土entrenched meander 嵌入曲流；深切曲流entrenched stream 嵌入河；深切河entrenched valley 嵌入〔河〕entrepot 转口港entrepreneur 企业家entrepreneurial factor 企业管理因素environmental capacity 环境容量environmental conservation 环境保护environmental constraint 环境限制environmental degradation 环境退化environmental education 环境教育environmental gradient 环境梯度environmental hazard 环境灾害；环境危害environmental impact 环境影响environmental impact statment 环境影响报告environmental improvement 环境改善environmental lapse rate 环境〔温度〕environmental perception 环境感观environmental planning 环境规则environmental pollution 环境污染environmental quality 环境质素environmental resources 环境资源environmental risk 环境风险Eocene epoch 始新世epeirogenic movement 造陆运动ephermeral (1)短生植物，(2)短生ephermeral stream 季节性河流；间歇〔性〕epicdermis 表皮epicentre 震央；震中epiphyte 附生植物Equator 赤道equatorial air mass 赤道气团equatorial climate 赤道气候equatorial low 赤道低〔气〕equatorial rain forest 赤道雨林equatorial trough 赤道低压槽eradication of disease 消除疾病erg (sandy desert) 砂质荒漠；砂质沙漠erodibility 可侵蚀性erosion 侵蚀erosion cycle 侵蚀循环erratic 漂石eruption 爆发escarpment 单斜山；马头丘estancia 大牧场(南美)estate (1)大农场，(2)estuarine delta 河口三角洲estuary 河口湾ethnic area 种族区ethnic group 种族群ethnic minority 少数种族ethnic segregation 种族隔离Eurasia 欧亚大洲eustasy 海面升降；海面进退eustatic movement 海面升降运动eutrophic 富养分eutrophication 富养化〔作用〕evaporation 蒸发〔作用〕evapotranspiration 蒸发蒸腾作用even (regular) slope 均匀坡evergreen forest 常绿林evolution 演化；进化excavation (1)掘蚀，(2)挖掘excessive urbanization 过度城市化exchange capacity 交换量exchangeable cation 交换性阳离子；交换性正离子exfoliation 剥离〔作用〕exhaust gas 废气；排气exhumation 剥露〔作用〕exogenic process 外力作用；外成作用exotic river 外源河exponential curve 指数曲线export 出口export-oriented industry 出口导向工业exposed coast 裸露海岸；暴露海岸extended family 大家庭extensive farming 粗放式农业；广耕法external economies 外部经济效益external force 外〔营〕external migration 国外迁移；境外迁移extinct species 已灭绝生物品种extinct volcano 死火山extinction of species 品种灭绝extrapolation 外推法；外插法extreme climate 极端气候extreme environment 极端环境extreme event 极端事件extreme value 极值extrusion 喷出；挤出extrusive rock 喷出岩extrusive vulcanicity 喷出火山作用eye of tropical cyclone 〔热带气旋〕fabricating industry 装配工业factor of location 区位因素；布局因素factor of production 生产因素factor substitution 因素代替Fahrenheit scale 华氏温度表fall-line 瀑布线（美）fallow 休耕fallow time 休耕时间family planning 家庭计划；计划生育family-life cycle 家庭生活周期farm size 农场面积farm unit 农场单位farmer's calender 农民行事历farming 农业；耕作farming efficiency 农耕效率farming landscape 农业景观farming method 耕作方法farming practice 农耕方式farming research 农业研究farming season 农事季节farming settlement 农业聚落farming system 农业系统farmland 农地farmstead 农庄fathom line 〔等〕fault 断层；断裂fault breccia 断层角砾岩fault line 断层线；断裂线fault plane 断层面fault scarp 断层崖faulting 断层〔作用〕fault-line scarp 断层线崖fauna 动物群；动物区系fazenda 大农场（巴西）feature 形貌；特征feedback 反馈feedback loop 反馈环feeder road 支线公路feeding habit 摄食习性fell-field (1)荒高地，(2)稀矮植物区felspar (feldspar) 长石fen 沼泽fern 羊齿类动物；蕨ferrallitic soil 铁铝土Ferrel's law 费利尔定律ferricrete 铁质壳ferruginous soil 铁质土；富铁土fertility (1)肥力，(2)生育力，(3)出生率fertilizer 肥料fetch 吹程；浪程field boundary 农田边界field capacity (field moisture capacity) 田间持水量field crop 杂粮；大田作物field investigation 实地调查field moisture capacity (foeld capacity) 田间持水量field observation 实地观察；野外观察field of view 视野；视场field reconnaissance 实地查勘；野外查勘；实地初测；野外初测field size 农地面积field sketching 实地描绘；野外描绘field study 实地考察；野外考察field survey 实地调查；野外调查filtration 过滤financial centre 金融中心fine texture soil 幼质地土壤fine-grained rock 幼粒岩石finger lake 指状湖finished product 制成品finite population 有限总体fiord (fjord) 峡湾firebreak 隔火路firn (neve) 粒雪；永久积翮；永久冰雪fish pond 鱼塘fishing ground 渔场fissure eruption 裂缝喷发fixed cost 固定成本fixed dune 固定沙丘fjord (fiord) 峡湾flash flood 洪滥；山洪暴发flat rock 平岩flatted factory 分层工厂大厦flat-topped hill 平顶山floating dock 浮坞floating population (1)浮动人口，(2)水上人口flocculation 絮凝〔作用〕flood (1)泛滥，(2)洪水flood abatement 消洪；灭洪flood alleviation 缓洪flood control 防洪；洪水控制flood crest (peak) 洪峰flood damage 洪〔水灾〕flood detention 滞洪flood discharge 洪水流量flood diversion 分洪flood duration (period) 汛期；洪水期flood forecasting (prediction) 洪水预报flood frequency 洪水频率flood hazard 洪患flood hydrograph 洪水过程线flood insurance 洪水保险flood irrigation 漫灌；淹灌flood level 洪水位flood peak (crest) 洪峰flood period (duaration) 汛期；洪水期flood prediction (forecasting) 洪水预报flood proofing 防洪flood protection 防洪；防汛flood regulation 洪水调节flood relief channel (floodway) 分洪道flood season 洪水季；汛期flood stage 洪水位flood storage 蓄洪flood wall 防洪墙flood warning 洪水警报flooding routing 洪水演算flooding wave 洪水波floodplain 泛滥平原floodplain management 泛滥平原管理floodway (flood relief channel) 分洪道flora 植物群；植物区系flow chart 流程图flow diagram 流程图flow line 流向线flow of energy 能量流动flow of resources 资源流动flow of structure 流状构造flow-line map 流向线图fluvial deposit 河流沉积物fluvial landform 河流地貌；河流地形fluvial morphology 河流形态fluvial process 河流作用fluviological deposit 冰水沉积物focal point 汇点；焦点focal region 汇点区fodder crop 饲料作物foehn (fohn) 焚风fog 雾fog drip 雾滴fohn (foehn) 焚风fold 褶曲；褶皱fold mountain 褶曲山；褶皱山folding 褶曲〔作用〕foliated structure 菊状结构food chain 食物链food crop 粮食作物food processing industry 食品加工业food web 食物网foodhill settlement 山麓聚落footloose industry 无导向工业；随意区位工业forced migration 强迫迁移foreground 前景foreland 前地foreshock 前震foreshore 前滩forest 森林；树林forest floor (1)林地，(2)林床；林地被覆物forest reserve 护林区forestry 林业form ratio 宽深比（河流）forward bearing 向前方位fossil 化石fossil oil 化石燃料fracture zone 裂缝带fragment 碎屑free face 崖壁；直坡free-market economy 自由市场经济freeze-thaw action 冻融作用freezing 结冰freezing level 结冰高度freight rate 运费率；运价frequency 频数；频率；次数frequency distribution 频率分布frequency polygon 频数多边形；频率多边形fresh rock 新鲜岩石friable rock 酥炸土friction 摩擦；阻力friction of distance 路程阻力frictional drag (resistance) 摩擦曳力；摩擦阻力frictional layer 摩擦层frictional resistance (drag) 摩擦阻力；摩擦曳力frigid zone 寒带fringing reef 岸礁；边礁；裙焦front 锋frontal fog 锋面雾frontal precipitation 锋面降水frontal rain 锋面雨frontogenesis 锋生〔作用〕/frost 霜frost action (frost shattering) 冻裂〔作用〕frost wedging 冻楔作用frost-free days (period) 无霜期fruit gathering 野果采摘fuel 燃料fumarole 喷气孔fume 烟function 功能functional classification 功能分类functional hierarchy 功能层系functional segregation 功能分化functional specialization 功能专门店functional unit 功能单位functional zone 功能区fungicide 杀真菌剂fungus 真菌furrow irrigation 沟灌gabbro 辉长岩galaxy 星系gale 大风；烈风gallery forest 走廊林gap 山峡gap town 峡口城市garden city 花园城市garment industry 制衣业；成衣业gaseous waste 气体废料gauging station 测水站；水文测量站gelifaction 胶凝〔作用〕genetics 遗传学gentle slope 缓坡geo 海蚀隙geochemical cycle 地球化学循环geographical (true) north 正北geographical inertia 地理惯性geographical information system (GIS) 地理信息系统geologic (geological) time scale 地质年〔代〕geological age 地质年代geology 地质学geometric distribution 几何分布geometric progression 几何等级geostrophic wind 地转风geosyncline 地槽geothermal power 地热能geyser 间歇喷泉ghetto 〔城市中〕gill netting 刺网法glacial deposit (drift) 冰川沉积物；冰碛glacial landform 冰川地貌；冰川地形glacial plain 冰成平原glacial recession (retreat) 冰川后退glacial snout 冰川鼻；冰川前端glacial till (till) 冰川沉积物；冰碛物glacial trought 冰川槽glaciated valley 冰川谷glaciation 冰川作用glacier 冰川；冰河glaciofluvial deposit 冰水沉积；冰河沉积；冰川沉积gleization (gleying) 潜育〔作用〕gley soil 潜育土gleying (gleization) 潜育〔作用〕global circulation 全球环流global warming 全球增温globe 地球仪gneiss 片麻岩Gondwanaland 冈瓦那古陆gorge 峡谷gour (mushroom rock, pedestral rock) 菌状石；风蚀柱graben (rift valley) 地堑；裂谷grade (1)均夷，(2)粒级，(3)等级，(4)地度graded profile 均衡剖面gradient 坡度gradient wind 梯度风grain diameter 粒径grain elevator 谷物仓库granite 花岗岩granular distintegration 粒状崩解granule 团粒；颗粒graph 图表graphical interpretation 图表阐析graphical representation 图示；以图样表达grassland (1)草原，(2)草地gravel 砂砾gravity 重力；地心吸力gravity flow 重力水流gravity model 引力模式；重力模式grazing 放牧great circle 大图圈green area 绿化地区green belt 绿化带green manure 绿肥green philosophy 绿色哲学Green Revolution 绿色革命greenhouse effect 温室气体Greenwich (Prime) meridian 本初子午线grey desert soil 灰钙土grey desert steppe soil 灰色荒漠草原土grey-brown desert soil 灰棕色荒漠土grey-brown forest soil 灰棕色森林土grid 〔方〕grid line 格网线；图网线grid method 格网法；图网法grid north 格网北；图网北grid pattern 格网状grid reference 格网坐标；图网坐标grid road pattern 格网状道路型式grid square 格网方格；图网方格gridiron method 方格法grike 〔岩〕grinding 研磨作用gross domestic product (GDP) 国内生产总值；本地生产总值gross national product (GNP) 国民生产总值gross national product (GNP) per capita 人均国民生产总值gross primary production 总第一级生产量；总初级生产量gross raw material 毛量原料ground moraine 底碛ground photograph 地面照片ground radiation 地面幅射ground water 地下水ground water recharge 地下水补给groundmass 基质grouped data 分组数据；分组资料；分类数据；分类资料growing season 生长期growth centre 成长中心growth form 生长型groyne 海堤guard cell 保卫细胞gully 冲沟gully control 沟蚀防治gully erosion (gullying) 冲沟侵蚀；沟蚀gust 阵风gypsum 石膏habitat 生境hachuring 晕滃法Hadley cell 哈得来环流圈haematite (hematite) 赤铁矿hail 雹hailstone 雹块hailstorm 雹暴halo 晕；日晕halomorphic soil 盐成土halophilous plant (halophyte) 盐生植物hamada (hammade, rocky desert) 石〔质荒〕hamlet 小村庄hammade (hammade, rocky desert) 石〔质荒〕hand specimen 手标本handicraft industry 手工业hanging glacier 悬冰川hanging valley 悬谷hardness 硬度hardpan 硬盘hardwood 硬木Harris & Ullman's Multi-Nuclei Model 哈里期和乌尔复核心模式harvest 收成；收获haulage 运费hazard 灾害；公害haze 霾head of navigation 通航终点headland 岬headwater erosion 向源侵蚀；溯源侵蚀headwater erosion 源头heat (thermal) capacity 热容量heat (thermal) pollution 热污染heat absorption 热吸收heat balance 热量平衡heat budget 热量收支heat island 热岛heat release 放热heat transfer 热量输送heat wave 热浪heath 荒原heavy industry 重工业heavy metal 重金属heavy soil 黏重土〔壤〕hectare 公顷hectopascal (hPa) 百帕斯卡hematite (haematite) 赤铁矿herb 草本植物herbicide 除草剂；除莠剂herbivore 食草动物Hercynian mountain-building movement 海西造山运动herding 畜牧hertz 赫（频率单位）heterogeneous 异类；异质heterotroph 异养生物hierarchy 层系；阶层high class residential zone 高等阶层住宅区；高尚住宅区high density development 高密度发展high order function 高级功能high order goods 高档商品high pressure area 高压区high pressure system 高压系统high technology 高科技high tide 高潮；满潮highland climate 高山气候high-order manufacturing 高级工业high-rise building 高建楼宇high-rise development 高建发展high-water mark 高潮线；高水位线highway transport 公路运输hill-shading 晕渲法；阴影法hinterland 腹地histogram 直方图historical factor 历史因素historical inertia 历史惯性histosol 有机土；泥灰土；沼泽土hoar frost 白霜hobby-farmer 业余农民Holocene epoch 全新世Home Ownership Scheme 居者有其屋计划homeostasis 自动平衡；体内平衡homestead 家园；田园；宅地homogeneous 同类；同质honeycomb weathering 蜂窝状风化〔作用〕horizantal integration 水平式合拼；横向合并；横向联合horizantal linkage (lateral linkage) 水平式联系；横向联系horizon (1)地平线，(2)土层horizontal distance (equivalent) 水平距离horizontal scale 水平比例〔尺〕horn (pyramidal peak) 角峰horse latitudes 亚热带无风带horst 地垒horticulture 园艺〔业〕host 寄主hot desert 热带荒漠；热带沙漠hot spring 温泉household 户；户口housing estate 屋housing problem 房屋问题Hoyt's Sector Theory 霍伊特楔形模式；霍伊特扇形模式human adjustment 人为调节；人为调节的行动humic acid 腐殖酸humid climate 湿润气候humidity 湿度humification 腐殖质化〔作用〕humus 腐殖质hurricane 飓风hybrid 杂种hydration 水化〔作用〕hydraulic action 水力作用hydraulic head 〔压力〕hydraulic radius 水力半径hydridaisation 杂交；杂化hydrocarbon 碳氢化合物hydro-electric power 水力发电hydrograph 水文过程线hydrological (water) cycle 水分循环hydrology 水文学hydrolysis 水解〔作用〕hydromorphic soil 水成土hydrophyte 水生植物hydrosphere 水圈；水界hygrometer 湿度计hygrophyte 湿生植物hygroscopic nuclei 吸湿核心hygroscopic water 浅成岩hypothesis 假设hypothesis testing 假设检验ice age 冰河时期；冰期ice cap 冰盖；冰冠ice cap climate 冰盖气候；冰冠气候ice crystal 冰晶；冰晶体ice nuclei 冰核ice sheet 冰原；冰盖iceberg 冰山ice-dammed lake 冰堰湖igneous activity 岩浆活动igneous rock 火成岩illiteracy rate 文盲率illuvial horizon 淀积层immature soil 未成年土immigrant 移民immigration 国外移入impended drainage 不良排水impermeable 不透水impermeable rock 不透水岩impervious rock 不透水岩import 进口import substitution 代替进口；进口取代in situ 原位incineration 焚化；焚烧incised meander 深切曲流inclination of the earth's axis 地轴倾斜度independent variable 自变量；自变数index 指数；指标indicator species 指示物种indigenous population 土著indigenous species 本地品种induced earthquake 诱发地震industrial activity 工业活动industrial agglomeration 工业集聚industrial area 工业区industrial base 工业基地industrial chain 工业链锁industrial development 工业发展industrial dispersion 工业离散industrial district 工业区industrial estate 工业industrial growth 工业增加industrial inertia 工业惯性industrial land use 工业土地利用industrial landscape 工业景观industrial linkage 工业联系industrial location 工业区位industrial pattern 工业型式industrial population 工业人口industrial relocation 工业区位转移Industrial Revolution 工业革命industrial sector 工业部门；工业部份industrial shift 工业转移industrial sururb 市效工业区industrial waste 工业废料industrial zone 工业区industrialization 工业化industry (1)工业，(2)行业infant mortality rate 婴儿死亡率infanticide 杀婴infiltration rate 下渗率；渗润率infinite population 无限总体inflation 通货膨胀inflitration 下渗〔作用〕/informal recreational activities 非形式化康乐活动infrared radiation 红外线幅射infrastructure 基本建设；基本设施inland drainage 内陆水系inland port 内陆港inlet 小湾in-migration 国内人口迁移；向内人口迁移inner city 内城区inner city decay 内城衰落inorhanic pollutant 无机污染物input 投入；输入insecticide 杀虫剂inselberg 岛山；残丘inshore fishing 近岸捕鱼insolation 日射instability 不稳定〔状态〕institutional factor 制度因素institutional influence 制度影响institutional land use 社团土地利用instrusion 侵入instrusive rock 侵入岩instrusive vulcanicity 侵入火山活动integrated iron and steel works 钢铁联合企业intensity of development 发展密度intensity of rainfall 降雨强度intensive farming 精耕法；集约式农业interception (1)截留，(2)截取intercropping 间种〔法〕interdependence 相互依赖interflow 间层流；表层流interlocking spur 交错山咀intermediate technology 中等科技intermittent stream 间竭河流；断续河流；季节河流intermontance basin 山间盆地internal force 内〔营〕internal migration 国内迁移；境内迁移internal structure of city 城市内部结构International Date Line 国际日期〔变更〕interpolation 插值〔法〕interquartile range 四分位数间距interrelationship 相互关系interrupted stream 中断河Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) 热带幅合带inter-tropical front 热带锋inter-urban interaction 城市间相互作用inter-urban migration 城市间人口迁移interviewing 访问intervisibility 互见度intra-urban interaction 市内相互作用intra-urban migration 市内人口迁移intra-urban mobility 市内流动intra-urban transport 市内运输intrazonal soil 隐域土invasion 〔植物〕inversion layer 逆温层investment 投资ionisation 电离〔作用〕iron and steel industry 钢铁业irregular (uneven) slope 不均匀坡irrigation 灌溉irrigation canal 灌溉渠island arc 岛弧isobar 等压线isobaric surface 等压面isodapane 等总运费线isohyet 等雨量线isolated state 孤立国isoline (isopleth) 等值线isoline map 等值线地图isopleth 等值线isoseismal line 等震线isostasy 地壳均衡isostatic adjustment 〔地壳〕isotherm 等温线isotim 等运费线isthmus 地峡jet stream 射流；〔对流层顶〕joint 节理joule 焦耳journey to school 上学旅程journey to shop 购物旅程journey to work 上班旅程Jurassic period 侏罗纪kame 冰砾阜kame terrace 冰砾阶地kaolin 高岭土karez 坎儿井karst region 岩溶地区；喀斯特地区katabatic wind 下坡风kettle (kettle hole) 锅穴key 图例kilojoule 千焦耳kinetic energy 动能knick point 裂点；节点knoll 圆丘knot (1)浬／小时；浬，(2)山结Koppen's climate classification 柯本气候分类〔法〕krasnozem 红壤K-value K值labour 劳力；劳动力；劳工labour mobility 劳工流动[性]labour resources 劳力资源labour-intensive industry 劳工密集工业labour-oriented industry 劳工导向工业laccolith 岩株; 岩盖lacustrine deposit 湖泊沉积lacustrine plain 湖成平原ladang 迁移农业; 移动性农业; 游耕(东南亚) lafe expectancy 预期寿命lagoon (1)舄湖, (2)气化塘laissez-faire policy 自由放任政策lake 湖泊laminar flow 层流; 片流land breze 陆风land extensive industry 广占土地工业land intensive industry 土地集约工业land pollution 陆地污染; 土地污染land reform 土地改革land rent 地租land subsidence 土地沉陷; 地陷; 地面沉降land tenure 土地占有制land use (utlization) 土地利用land use adjustment 土地利用调整land use classification 土地利用分类land use intensity 土地利用密度land use map 土地利用图land use pattern 土地利用型式land use survey 土地利用调查land use type 土地利用类型land use zone 土地用途区land use zoning 土地用途分区制land utilization (use) 土地利用land value 地价landfill 堆填区landform 地貌; 地形landlocked country 内地国家landlordism 地主所有制landmark 地界标志landmass 陆块land-ownership 土地拥有权landscape 景观landscape evaluation 景观评价landslide (landslip) 山泥倾泻; 山崩lapilli 火山砾lapse rate [温度]递减率;[温度]直减率large scale map 大比例[尺]地图latent heat 潜热lateral erosion 侧蚀; 旁蚀lateral linkage (horizontal linkage) 水平式联系; 横向联系lateral moraine 侧[冰]碛laterite 砖红壤laterization 砖红壤化[作用]latitude 纬度latitudinal extent 纬度相距; 纬线跨度latosol 砖红壤性土Laurasia 劳亚古陆lava 熔岩lava cone 熔岩锥lava dome 熔岩穹lava flow 熔岩流lava pleateau 熔岩高原layer colouring (tinting) 分层着色法leaching 淋溶[作用] ; 淋滤[作用]least cost 最低成本least-cost location 最低成本区位leeward slope 背风坡legend 图例; 图式leguminous crop 豆科作物less developed country 欠发达国家levee (natural dyke) 天然堤levee failure 崩堤; 决堤level of development 发展水平level crossing 平交道levelling (1)削平; 夷平[作用], (2)平整土地, (3)水准测量ley (1)临时性草地, (2)轮作草地ley crop 休闲期作物ley farming 休闲期耕作liana 藤本植物lichen 地衣life cycle 生命周期life form 生活型life table 生命表light industry 轻工业light intensity 光强度light soil 轻质土lightening 闪电lignite 褐煤limb of fold 褶曲翼lime 石灰lime accumulation 石灰累积[作用]limestone 石灰岩limiting factor 限制因素limon 黄土(欧洲)line (linear) scale 直线比例尺line fising (lining) 绳钓法line graph 线形图line of weakness 弱线line transect 横切线; 线状样条linear (line) scale 直线比例尺linear city 长形城市linear settlement 带状聚落lining (line fishing) 绳钓法linkage 联系lithosol 石质土lithosphere 岩石圈litter (1)枯枝落叶; 枯死地被物, (2)垃圾littoral zone 滨海带; 海岸带livestock rearing 畜养[业] ; 饲养[业] ; 畜牧[业] livestock waste collection 禽畜废物收集load 搬运物; 负载物loam 壤土loamy sand 壤质沙土local wind 地方性风; 本地风locality 地点location 区位locational analysis 区位分析locational factor 区位因素locational pattern 区位型式locational quotient 区位商数locational rent 区位租locational requirment 区位需求locational triangle 区位三角形lock 船闸; 水闸lode 矿脉loess 黄土log graph 对数图logarithm 对数logging 伐木long (longitudinal)profile 纵剖面long lining 延绳[钓]法long term planning 长期规划long wave 长波long=range forecasting 长期预报longitude 经度longitudinal (concordant)coast 顺向海岸; 纵式淤岸longitudinal (long) profile 纵剖面longitudinal dune 纵向沙丘longitudinal extent 经度相距; 经线跨度longitudinal wave 纵波longshore drift 沿岸漂移Lorenz curve 罗兰氏曲线low class residential zone 低等阶层住宅区low density development 低密度发展low order function 低级功能low order goods 低级商品low pressure area 低压区low pressure system 低压系统low technology 低科技low tide 低潮lower class limit 组下限lower course 下游lower-income group 较低收入组别lowland 低地low-order manufacturing 初级工业low-rise development 低建发展low-water mark 低潮线; 低水位线lumbering 伐木[业]macronutrient 主要营养素magma 岩浆magnetic declination (variation) 磁偏角magnetic north 磁北magnetic variation (declination) 磁偏角magnitude 强度main stream 干流mallee scrub 桉树灌丛（澳洲）malnutrition 营养不良Malthusian theory 马尔萨斯〔人口〕mangrove 红树林man-land ratio 人地比率man-land relationship 人地关系man-made earthquake 人为地震manpower resources 人力资源mantle (1)地幔；(2)风化覆盖层mantle plume 地幔热柱manufactured goods 制成品manufacturing industry 制造业manure 粪肥map enlargement 地图放大〔法〕map extract 地图摘录map interpretation 地图阐释；地图判读map projection 地图投影map reading 地图阅读map reduction 地图缩小〔法〕map symbol 地图符号mapping 地图编绘；绘图marble 大理岩；大理石marginal cost 边际成本marginal land 边际用地；边际地marine (martime) climate 海洋〔性〕marine organism 海洋生物maritime (marine) climate 海洋〔性〕maritime air mass 海洋气团market area 市场区market gardening (truck farming) 园艺农业；蔬菜耕种market threshold 市场限值market town 墟镇marketing principle 市场原则market-oriented industry 市场导向工业marsh 沼泽；湿地mass movement (mass wastage, mass wasting) 块体移动；块体运动；物质坡移mass production 大量生产；大规模生产mass transit 集体运输mass wasting (mass movement, mass wastage) 块体运动；块体移动；物质坡移material index 原料指数matrix 〔矩〕mature soil 成年土maximum temperature 最高温度maximum thermometer 最高温度计meadow soil 草甸土mean 平均值mean annual temperature 年平均温度mean daily temperature 日平均温度mean deviation 平均差；平均偏差mean sea level 平均海平面meander 曲流；河曲measurement 量度mechanical (physical) weathering 机械性风化；物理性风化mechanically formed sedimentary rock 机械作用形成的沉积岩mechanization 机械化medial moraine 中〔冰〕median 中位数Mediterranean agriculture 地中海式农业Mediterranean climate 地中海〔式〕megahertz 兆赫（频率单位，千周／秋）megalopolis 大城市群区；巨大城市带；巨大都会带megathermal climate 高温气候melting pot 各种族融化地（美）meltwater 融水mental map 意象图mercury barometer 水银气压计meridian 子午线；经线merino sheep 麦兰奴种绵羊mesa 方山；平顶山mesophyte 中生植物mesothermal climate 中温气候Mesozoic era 中生代metabolism 代谢作用metamorphic rock 变质岩metamorphism 变质作用meteorology 气象学methane 甲烷；沼气metropolis 都会metropolitan area 都会区metropolitan primacy 大都会首市现象mica 云母microclimate 微气候；小气候microclimatic survey 微气候测量；小气候测量micron 微米micronutrient 微量营养素micro-organism 微生物microrelief 微地形microthermal climate 低温气候mid-Atlantic ridge 大西洋中脊middle course 中流middle-class residential zone 游中等阶层住宅区middle-income group 中等收入组别mid-latitude desert 中纬度荒漠；中纬度沙漠mid-latitude zone 中纬度地带midnight-sun 夜半太阳mid-oceanic ridge 大洋中脊mid-year population 年中人口migration 迁移migratory dune 流动沙丘milestone 里程碑Milky Way 银河millet (1)小米，(2)狗尾草属植物millibar 亳巴million city 百万人口城市Minamate disease 水鈱病（日）；甲基汞中毒mineral 矿物mineral resources 矿物资源mineral soil 矿物质土壤mineralization 矿化作用minimum temperature 最低温度minimum thermometer 最低温度计mining 采矿minority group 少数群minority race 少数民族Miocene epoch 中新世miracle rice 奇迹米misfit stream 不〔相〕mist 薄雾mistral 密史脱拉风（地中海北岸）mixed farming 混合农业mixed land use 混合土地利用mobile belt 活动带mobility 流动性modal class 众数组mode 众数mode of transport 运输方式model (1)模式，(2)模型moderately populated 中量人口密度Mohorovicic Discontinuity (Moho) 莫霍〔洛维奇〕moisture 水分；湿气；水汽molasse (1)磨砾石，(2)稠糖浆mollisol 软土molten rock 熔岩monadnock 残丘monitoring 监测；监察monoculture 单一作物种monopoly 独占；垄断；专卖monsoon 季〔候〕monsoon climate 季风气候monsoon forest 季风林montane (mountain) forest 高山树林mor 粗腐殖质；酸性有机质moraine 冰碛moraine-dammed lake 冰碛堰塞湖more developed country 较发达国家mortality rate 死亡率moss 藓motor-car industry 汽车制造业mottled zone 斑纹带mountain 高山mountain (montane) forest 高山树林mountain arc 山弧mountain barrier 高山屏障mountain breeze (wind) 山风mountain building 造山运动mountain climate 高山气候mountain range 山脉mountain root 山根mountain wind (breeze) 山风mud-flat 泥滩mudflow 泥流mudstone 泥岩mulch 覆盖物mull 细腐殖质multi-function city 多功能城市multinational enterprise 跨国企业multiple cropping 复种；多造耕作multiple nuclei model 多核心模式multiplier effect 乘数效应multi-purpose scheme 多目标计划；多用途计划multi-purpose trip 多目标旅程multi-storey building 多层建筑物municipality 〔直辖〕mushroom rock (gour, pedestal rock) 菌状石；风蚀柱nappe 逆掩褶曲；推覆体national primacy 国家性首市现象nationality 国籍natural arch 天然拱natural disaster 自然灾害natural dyke (levee) 天然堤natural ecosystem 自然生态系统natural environment 自然环境natural harbour 天然港natural hazard 自然灾害natural increase 自然增长natural landscape 自然景观natural resources 自然资源natural selection 自然选择natural system 自然系统natural vegetation 自然植被nature conservation 自然保护nature reserve 自然保护区nature trail 自然教育径nearest neighbour analysis 最近邻分析negative correlation 负相关negative feedback 负反馈negative population growth 负人口增长negative relationship 负关系；负相关negative skewness 负偏态neighbourhood shopping centre 邻近购物中心neo-natal mortality rate 新生婴儿死亡率nesting 镶嵌net migration 净移民〔量〕net primary production 净第一级生产量；净初级生产量net solar radiation 净太阳辐射net terrestrial radiation 净地面辐射network 网；网络neve (firn) 粒雪；永久积雪；永久冰雪new town 新市镇niche (1)雪，(2)小生境nimbostratus 雨层云nimbus 雨云nitric acid 硝酸nitrification 硝化作用nitrogen cycle 氮循环nitrogen fixation 固氮作用nitrogen-fixing bacteria 硝化细菌nocturnal cooling 夜间冷却nodal city 中心市nodal region 核心区node 集点nodule 球；结核noise barriers 隔音板noise pollution 噪音污染nomadic herding 游牧业nominal scale 名目分类non-basic sector 非基础部门non-biodegradable 不能生物降解non-renewable resources 非再生资源norm 规范；标准；常模normal curve 正态〔分布〕normal distribution 正态分布；常态分布normal fault 正断层normal lapse rate 正常〔温度〕North Pole 北极northeast trades 东北信风northern hemisphere 北半球northing 北行线notch 〔海蚀〕nourishment 营养物nuclear energy 核能nuclear family 核心家庭nuclear fission 核分裂；核裂变nuclear fusion 核聚变nuclear pollution 核〔能〕nuclear power 核动力nuclear power plant 核电厂nuclear reactor 核反应堆nucleated pattern 核心型式nucleated settlement 核心聚落nucleation 聚集null hypothesis 虚假设nullah 渠number line 数线nutrient 养分nutrient cycling 养分循环nutrient enrichment 养分富集oasis 绿洲；沃洲oasis farming 绿洲农业；沃洲农业oblique aerial photograph 倾斜航空照片；倾斜空中照片obsequent stream 逆向河occluded front 锢囚锋occlusion 锢囚〔作用〕occupational structure 职业结构ocean 海洋ocean basin 海洋盆地ocean current 洋流ocean trench 海沟oceanic (marine) climate 海洋〔性〕oceanic circulation 海洋环流oceanic crust 大洋地壳oceanic plate 海洋板块offensive trade 厌恶性行业offshore bar 滨外沙洲offshore fishing 深海捕鱼；远洋捕鱼作业offshore wind 离岸风oil derrick 油井架；钻井高塔oil refinery 炼油厂oil rig 钻油平台oil spill 〔海上〕oil trap 油圈闭；油捕〔区〕oilfield 油田oil-shale 油页岩old fold mountain 古褶曲山脉；古褶皱山脉Oligocene epoch 渐新世omnivore 杂食动物onshore wind 向岸风open space 空旷地；游息用地open system 开放系统opencast mining 露天开采法opportunity cost 机会成optimal choice 本最佳选择optimal location 最优区位optimiser 争取最适宜情况者optimum condition 最适宜情况；最佳条件optimum population 适度人口orbit 轨道order (1)序；次序，(2)阶；级ordinal scale 等级分类Ordovician period 奥陶纪ore 矿；矿石organic matter 有机质organic pollutant 有机污染物organic soil 有机〔质〕organic weathering 有机性风化organically formed sedimentart rock 生物作用形成的沉积岩organism 生物体；有机体orienteering 野外定向orienteering compass 定向罗盘orogenesis (orogeny) 造山作用orogeny (orogenesis) 造山作用orographic (relief) rain 地形雨orographic uplift 地形抬升outback 内陆（澳洲）outcrop 〔岩石〕outlying business district 外围商业发展区out-migration 向外迁移output (1)产出；(2)产量outwash deposit 冰水沉积物outwash plain 冰水沉积平原overburden 覆盖层overcast 天阴。
初中地理课程标准五级词汇表
初中地理课程标准五级词汇表地理 - geography自然地理 - physical geography人文地理 - human geography地理要素 - geographical elements地球 - Earth大陆 - continent国家 - country州 - state城市 - city海洋 - ocean湖泊 - lake河流 - river山脉 - mountain range平原 - plain岛屿 - island气候 - climate天气 - weather环境 - environment生态系统 - ecosystem地形 - topography土壤 - soil草原 - grassland森林 - forest热带雨林 - tropical rainforest 沙漠 - desert冰川 - glacier瀑布 - waterfall海岸 - coastline自然灾害 - natural disaster地震 - earthquake火山 - volcano飓风 - hurricane洪水 - flood气候变化 - climate change人口 - population人口密度 - population density 人口增长 - population growth 城市化 - urbanization农业 - agriculture工业 - industry交通 - transportation资源 - resources可持续发展 - sustainable development环保 - environmental protection污染 - pollution土地利用 - land use气候变化影响 - impacts of climate change以上是初中地理课程标准五级词汇表，主要包括了地理学的基本概念、地理要素、自然地理和人文地理等内容。
地质词汇(汉英)
汉英水文气象地质词汇板块plate (英汉常用地质学词汇)伴生矿物accompying mineral (北东北north northeast北北东north northeast北北西north northeast北偏东north by east北偏西north by west北西北north northeast北极Northh Pole北极光Northern Lights北极星North Star贝壳shell贝壳壮conchoidal (英汉常用地质学词汇)变形交错层理deformed cross-bedding (英汉常用地质学词汇)标准贯入试验孔standard penetration test hole表土topsoil (广东省勘察设计院)不均匀沉陷differential settlement (英汉常用地质学词汇)不透水层confining stratum (英汉常用地质学词汇)不液化土层理bedding场地类别场地土沉积层sedimentary strata(广东省勘察设计院)成因类型genetic type持力层冲积土alluvium (英汉常用地质学词汇)错位构造dislocation structure (英汉常用地质学词汇)大沽高程Dagu altitude等高线contour line (英汉常用地质学词汇)等高线图contour map (英汉常用地质学词汇)等温层homothermy等效剪切波速值地表浅层潜水surface shallow layer地层stratum (英汉土木工程辞海)地层年代地基土foundation soil地形图topographic map (英汉土木工程辞海)地势terrain; geographical features (英汉土木工程辞海)√地质年代geologic time （美国传统词典）(英汉常用地质学词汇)√地质地层geological stratigraphy (欧洲标准)第四纪沉积Quaternary deposit (英汉汉英土木工程词汇)第四纪沉积、洪积层quaternary alluvial-proluvial layer (南海石化项目招标书) 第四系quaternary; quaternary system (汉英地质大词典)第四系松散堆积层quaternary system第I相浅海相沉积层顶板apical plate；hanger；hanging layer；hat；stegidium；top layer；upper plate (汉英地质大词典)顶板标高顶板高度roof elevation?东北偏北northeast by north东北方向northeastward东东北ENE = east northeast东东南ESE = east southeast东南偏东southeast by east东南偏南east by north东偏北east by north东偏南east by south冻胀性土swelling soil断层fault堆积层分级荷重压缩模量粉砂silty sand (广东省勘察设计院)；silt (汉英常用地质词汇)√粉砂壤土silty soils (欧洲标准)粉砂粘土silty clay (广东省勘察设计院)粉土silt (汉英建筑大词典); silty soil (汉英建筑大词典)粉土层silt stratum (英汉汉英电力工程技术词典)√粉质粘土silty clay (汉英建筑工程词典) (英汉道路工程词汇)(南海石化项目招标书)粉油砂powdery kir风成的,风积的eolian风化wearing风蚀eolation盖层covering strata (英汉常用地质学词汇)高程系数elevation factor (英汉常用地质学词汇)工程地质层工程地质亚层engineering geology(汉英建筑工程词典)河漫滩alluvial flat (英汉汉英土木工程词汇)海漫滩相沉积层海相沉积marine deposit (广东省勘察设计院)海相沉积层marine deposit layer (广东省勘察设计院)寒带frigid zone鉴别孔discrimination hole汉白玉white marble厚度加权平均值灰质粘土adobe (英汉常用地质学词汇)滑动劈理crenulation cleavage (英汉常用地质学词汇)基槽开挖基本地基加速度基准点datum point (英汉土木工程辞海)基准面base level (英汉常用地质学词汇)击数挤压构造带compressed zone (英汉常用地质学词汇)交错层理cross stratification (英汉常用地质学词汇)角砾混合岩agmatite (英汉常用地质学词汇)角砾片麻岩agmatitegnesis ? (英汉常用地质学词汇)接地层年代接力变质（作用）constructive metamorphism (英汉常用地质学词汇)解理cleavage (英汉常用地质学词汇)阶地terrace (英汉常用地质学词汇)界限最大值进尺footage (汉英常用地质词汇)静力触探桩static sounding pile静力触探static sounding, cone penetration静力触探锥尖阻力resistance between static penetrating cores静压预制桩静止水位rest water level勘探点可塑偏软plastic to soft孔口hole top (汉英地质大词典)矿体圈定delineation of ore deposits(英汉常用地质学词汇)流沙drift sand (英汉常用地质学词汇)露头outcrop (英汉常用地质学词汇)煤层coal seam (英汉常用地质学词汇)煤库coal store煤系coal measures(英汉常用地质学词汇)摩阻比friction to resistance ratio南东南south southeast南西南south southwest南偏东south by east南偏西south by west泥炭层peat bed平峒adit (英汉常用地质学词汇)平巷drift (英汉常用地质学词汇)浅海相沉积层shallow marine deposit前寒武纪The Precambrian Era (美国传统词典)浅基础持力层bearing stratum of shallow foundation轻亚粘土light loam坡积物slop wash (广东省勘察设计院)区域地质资料全新统上组第I陆相层河流Holocene(Postglacial) series全新统下组第II陆相沼泽相沉积层全新统中组第I海相扰动地层disturbed strata (英汉常用地质学词汇)扰动土disturbed soil (英汉常用地质学词汇)扰动样disturbed sample上更新统epipleistocene (英汉地质大词典) upper Pleistocene series 上更新统三组第IV陆相河床河漫滩相沉积层上更新统四组第II海相滨海潮汐带相沉积层上更新统五组第III相河床河漫滩相沉积始新世Eoocene epoch试验孔test borehole水成岩hydrotogenous rock松散地层ravelly ground （汉英地质大词典）松散堆积层水平层理horizontal bedding素填土土层soil strata(广东省勘察设计院)土工试验soil test土石屑垫层土样soil sample (广东省勘察设计院)物理力学性质西北偏北northwest by north西北偏西northeast by west西偏北west by north西偏南west southwest西西北west northwest西西南west southwest系system (英汉常用地质学词汇)寒武系Cambrian system (英汉常用地质学词汇)下第三纪eogene (period)下降descending (英汉常用地质学词汇)祥查detailed survey (英汉常用地质学词汇)详细勘探detailed exploration (prospecting) (英汉常用地质学词汇)相互作用coaction (英汉常用地质学词汇)新生代Kainozoic era压缩模量compression modulus压缩性土compressible soil亚层subhorizon; sub-layer (广东省勘察设计院)亚粘土clayey soil亚相subfacies (英汉常用地质学词汇)岩土工程技术规范岩土工程勘察规范岩心core (英汉常用地质学词汇)岩心记录drill record (英汉常用地质学词汇)岩性lithology淤泥质粘土soft clay原位测试in-situ measurement原生水juvenile water; connate water (英汉常用地质学词汇) 圆锥贯入试验cone penetration test (CPT) (广东省勘察设计院)圆锥贯入仪cone penetrometer (英汉土木工程辞海)云母mica早第三纪eogene (period)蒸发量evaporation discharge中等风化岩moderately weathered rock (广东省勘察设计院)中等压缩性土中软场地土株罗纪Jurassic Period柱状构造columnar structure (英汉常用地质学词汇) 柱状节理columnar jointing (英汉常用地质学词汇) 桩端持力层桩基子样钻机drill rig (英汉常用地质学词汇)钻井记录drill log (英汉常用地质学词汇)钻孔borehole; drill hole (英汉常用地质学词汇)钻孔记录borehole records (广东省勘察设计院)钻孔位置borehole location钻孔取样dill hole sampling (英汉常用地质学词汇)钻孔柱状图drill column (英汉常用地质学词汇)drill hole columnar section (英汉常用地质学词汇) 钻探取样试验孔subsurface sample test hole坐标系coordinate system (英汉常用地质学词汇)褐黄土brownish yellow soil。
地理词汇中英对译1
地理词汇中英对译（1）entisol 新成土entrenched meander 嵌入曲流；深切曲流entrenched stream 嵌入河；深切河entrenched valley 嵌入〔河〕如需要转载，请注明来自 FanE『翻译中国』http;///谷；深切〔河〕如需要转载，请注明来自 FanE『翻译中国』http;///谷entrepot 转口港entrepreneur 企业家entrepreneurial factor 企业管理因素environmental capacity 环境容量environmental conservation 环境保护environmental constraint 环境限制environmental degradation 环境退化environmental education 环境教育environmental gradient 环境梯度environmental hazard 环境灾害；环境危害environmental impact 环境影响environmental impact statment 环境影响报告environmental improvement 环境改善environmental lapse rate 环境〔温度〕如需要转载，请注明来自 FanE『翻译中国』http;///递减率；环境〔温度〕如需要转载，请注明来自 FanE『翻译中国』http;///直减率environmental perception 环境感观environmental planning 环境规则environmental pollution 环境污染environmental quality 环境质素environmental resources 环境资源environmental risk 环境风险Eocene epoch 始新世epeirogenic movement 造陆运动ephermeral (1)短生植物，(2)短生ephermeral stream 季节性河流；间歇〔性〕如需要转载，请注明来自 FanE『翻译中国』http;///河〔流〕如需要转载，请注明来自 FanE『翻译中国』http;///epicdermis 表皮epicentre 震央；震中epiphyte 附生植物Equator 赤道equatorial air mass 赤道气团equatorial climate 赤道气候equatorial low 赤道低〔气〕如需要转载，请注明来自 FanE『翻译中国』http;///压equatorial rain forest 赤道雨林equatorial trough 赤道低压槽eradication of disease 消除疾病erg (sandy desert) 砂质荒漠；砂质沙漠erodibility 可侵蚀性erosion 侵蚀erosion cycle 侵蚀循环erratic 漂石eruption 爆发escarpment 单斜山；马头丘estancia 大牧场(南美)estate (1)大农场，(2)estuarine delta 河口三角洲estuary 河口湾ethnic area 种族区ethnic group 种族群ethnic minority 少数种族ethnic segregation 种族隔离Eurasia 欧亚大洲eustasy 海面升降；海面进退eustatic movement 海面升降运动eutrophic 富养分eutrophication 富养化〔作用〕如需要转载，请注明来自 FanE『翻译中国』http;///evaporation 蒸发〔作用〕如需要转载，请注明来自 FanE『翻译中国』http;///evapotranspiration 蒸发蒸腾作用even (regular) slope 均匀坡evergreen forest 常绿林evolution 演化；进化excavation (1)掘蚀，(2)挖掘excessive urbanization 过度城市化exchange capacity 交换量exchangeable cation 交换性阳离子；交换性正离子exfoliation 剥离〔作用〕如需要转载，请注明来自 FanE『翻译中国』http;///；页状剥落〔作用〕如需要转载，请注明来自 FanE『翻译中国』http;///exhaust gas 废气；排气exhumation 剥露〔作用〕如需要转载，请注明来自 FanE『翻译中国』http;///exogenic process 外力作用；外成作用exotic river 外源河exponential curve 指数曲线export 出口export-oriented industry 出口导向工业exposed coast 裸露海岸；暴露海岸extended family 大家庭extensive farming 粗放式农业；广耕法external economies 外部经济效益external force 外〔营〕如需要转载，请注明来自 FanE『翻译中国』http;///力external migration 国外迁移；境外迁移extinct species 已灭绝生物品种extinct volcano 死火山extinction of species 品种灭绝extrapolation 外推法；外插法extreme climate 极端气候extreme environment 极端环境extreme event 极端事件extreme value 极值extrusion 喷出；挤出extrusive rock 喷出岩extrusive vulcanicity 喷出火山作用eye of tropical cyclone 〔热带气旋〕如需要转载，请注明来自 FanE『翻译中国』http;///风眼fabricating industry 装配工业factor of location 区位因素；布局因素factor of production 生产因素factor substitution 因素代替Fahrenheit scale 华氏温度表fall-line 瀑布线（美）fallow 休耕fallow time 休耕时间family planning 家庭计划；计划生育family-life cycle 家庭生活周期farm size 农场面积farm unit 农场单位farmer's calender 农民行事历farming 农业；耕作farming efficiency 农耕效率farming landscape 农业景观farming method 耕作方法farming practice 农耕方式farming research 农业研究farming season 农事季节farming settlement 农业聚落farming system 农业系统farmland 农地farmstead 农庄fathom line 〔等〕如需要转载，请注明来自 FanE『翻译中国』http;///噚线fault 断层；断裂fault breccia 断层角砾岩fault line 断层线；断裂线fault plane 断层面fault scarp 断层崖faulting 断层〔作用〕如需要转载，请注明来自 FanE『翻译中国』http;///；断裂〔作用〕如需要转载，请注明来自 FanE『翻译中国』http;///fault-line scarp 断层线崖fauna 动物群；动物区系fazenda 大农场（巴西）feature 形貌；特征feedback 反馈feedback loop 反馈环feeder road 支线公路feeding habit 摄食习性fell-field (1)荒高地，(2)稀矮植物区felspar (feldspar) 长石fen 沼泽fern 羊齿类动物；蕨ferrallitic soil 铁铝土Ferrel's law 费利尔定律ferricrete 铁质壳ferruginous soil 铁质土；富铁土fertility (1)肥力，(2)生育力，(3)出生率fertilizer 肥料fetch 吹程；浪程field boundary 农田边界field capacity (field moisture capacity) 田间持水量field crop 杂粮；大田作物field investigation 实地调查field moisture capacity (foeld capacity) 田间持水量field observation 实地观察；野外观察field of view 视野；视场field reconnaissance 实地查勘；野外查勘；实地初测；野外初测field size 农地面积field sketching 实地描绘；野外描绘field study 实地考察；野外考察field survey 实地调查；野外调查filtration 过滤financial centre 金融中心fine texture soil 幼质地土壤fine-grained rock 幼粒岩石finger lake 指状湖finished product 制成品finite population 有限总体fiord (fjord) 峡湾firebreak 隔火路firn (neve) 粒雪；永久积翮；永久冰雪fish pond 鱼塘fishing ground 渔场fissure eruption 裂缝喷发fixed cost 固定成本fixed dune 固定沙丘fjord (fiord) 峡湾flash flood 洪滥；山洪暴发flat rock 平岩flatted factory 分层工厂大厦flat-topped hill 平顶山floating dock 浮坞floating population (1)浮动人口，(2)水上人口flocculation 絮凝〔作用〕如需要转载，请注明来自 FanE『翻译中国』http;///flood (1)泛滥，(2)洪水flood abatement 消洪；灭洪flood alleviation 缓洪flood control 防洪；洪水控制flood crest (peak) 洪峰flood damage 洪〔水灾〕如需要转载，请注明来自 FanE『翻译中国』http;///害flood detention 滞洪flood discharge 洪水流量flood diversion 分洪flood duration (period) 汛期；洪水期flood forecasting (prediction) 洪水预报flood frequency 洪水频率flood hazard 洪患flood hydrograph 洪水过程线flood insurance 洪水保险flood irrigation 漫灌；淹灌flood level 洪水位flood peak (crest) 洪峰flood period (duaration) 汛期；洪水期flood prediction (forecasting) 洪水预报flood proofing 防洪flood protection 防洪；防汛flood regulation 洪水调节flood relief channel (floodway) 分洪道flood season 洪水季；汛期flood stage 洪水位flood storage 蓄洪flood wall 防洪墙flood warning 洪水警报flooding routing 洪水演算flooding wave 洪水波floodplain 泛滥平原floodplain management 泛滥平原管理floodway (flood relief channel) 分洪道flora 植物群；植物区系flow chart 流程图flow diagram 流程图flow line 流向线flow of energy 能量流动flow of resources 资源流动flow of structure 流状构造flow-line map 流向线图fluvial deposit 河流沉积物fluvial landform 河流地貌；河流地形fluvial morphology 河流形态fluvial process 河流作用fluviological deposit 冰水沉积物focal point 汇点；焦点focal region 汇点区fodder crop 饲料作物foehn (fohn) 焚风fog 雾fog drip 雾滴fohn (foehn) 焚风fold 褶曲；褶皱fold mountain 褶曲山；褶皱山folding 褶曲〔作用〕如需要转载，请注明来自 FanE『翻译中国』http;///；褶皱〔作用〕如需要转载，请注明来自 FanE『翻译中国』http;///foliated structure 菊状结构food chain 食物链food crop 粮食作物food processing industry 食品加工业food web 食物网foodhill settlement 山麓聚落footloose industry 无导向工业；随意区位工业forced migration 强迫迁移foreground 前景foreland 前地foreshock 前震foreshore 前滩forest 森林；树林forest floor (1)林地，(2)林床；林地被覆物forest reserve 护林区forestry 林业form ratio 宽深比（河流）forward bearing 向前方位fossil 化石fossil oil 化石燃料fracture zone 裂缝带fragment 碎屑free face 崖壁；直坡free-market economy 自由市场经济freeze-thaw action 冻融作用freezing 结冰freezing level 结冰高度freight rate 运费率；运价frequency 频数；频率；次数frequency distribution 频率分布frequency polygon 频数多边形；频率多边形fresh rock 新鲜岩石friable rock 酥炸土friction 摩擦；阻力friction of distance 路程阻力frictional drag (resistance) 摩擦曳力；摩擦阻力frictional layer 摩擦层frictional resistance (drag) 摩擦阻力；摩擦曳力frigid zone 寒带fringing reef 岸礁；边礁；裙焦front 锋frontal fog 锋面雾frontal precipitation 锋面降水frontal rain 锋面雨frontogenesis 锋生〔作用〕如需要转载，请注明来自 FanE『翻译中国』http;///frontolysis 锋消〔作用〕如需要转载，请注明来自 FanE『翻译中国』http;///frost 霜frost action (frost shattering) 冻裂〔作用〕如需要转载，请注明来自 FanE『翻译中国』http;///frost wedging 冻楔作用frost-free days (period) 无霜期fruit gathering 野果采摘fuel 燃料fumarole 喷气孔fume 烟function 功能functional classification 功能分类functional hierarchy 功能层系functional segregation 功能分化functional specialization 功能专门店functional unit 功能单位functional zone 功能区fungicide 杀真菌剂fungus 真菌furrow irrigation 沟灌gabbro 辉长岩galaxy 星系gale 大风；烈风gallery forest 走廊林gap 山峡gap town 峡口城市garden city 花园城市garment industry 制衣业；成衣业gaseous waste 气体废料gauging station 测水站；水文测量站gelifaction 胶凝〔作用〕如需要转载，请注明来自 FanE『翻译中国』http;///genetics 遗传学gentle slope 缓坡geo 海蚀隙geochemical cycle 地球化学循环geographical (true) north 正北geographical inertia 地理惯性geographical information system (GIS) 地理信息系统geologic (geological) time scale 地质年〔代〕如需要转载，请注明来自 FanE『翻译中国』http;///表geological age 地质年代geology 地质学geometric distribution 几何分布geometric progression 几何等级geostrophic wind 地转风geosyncline 地槽geothermal power 地热能geyser 间歇喷泉ghetto 〔城市中〕如需要转载，请注明来自 FanE『翻译中国』http;///少数民族区gill netting 刺网法glacial deposit (drift) 冰川沉积物；冰碛glacial landform 冰川地貌；冰川地形glacial plain 冰成平原glacial recession (retreat) 冰川后退glacial snout 冰川鼻；冰川前端glacial till (till) 冰川沉积物；冰碛物glacial trought 冰川槽glaciated valley 冰川谷glaciation 冰川作用glacier 冰川；冰河glaciofluvial deposit 冰水沉积；冰河沉积；冰川沉积gleization (gleying) 潜育〔作用〕如需要转载，请注明来自 FanE『翻译中国』http;///gley soil 潜育土gleying (gleization) 潜育〔作用〕如需要转载，请注明来自 FanE『翻译中国』http;///global circulation 全球环流global warming 全球增温globe 地球仪gneiss 片麻岩Gondwanaland 冈瓦那古陆gorge 峡谷gour (mushroom rock, pedestral rock) 菌状石；风蚀柱graben (rift valley) 地堑；裂谷grade (1)均夷，(2)粒级，(3)等级，(4)地度graded profile 均衡剖面gradient 坡度gradient wind 梯度风grain diameter 粒径grain elevator 谷物仓库granite 花岗岩granular distintegration 粒状崩解granule 团粒；颗粒graph 图表graphical interpretation 图表阐析graphical representation 图示；以图样表达grassland (1)草原，(2)草地gravel 砂砾gravity 重力；地心吸力gravity flow 重力水流gravity model 引力模式；重力模式grazing 放牧great circle 大图圈green area 绿化地区green belt 绿化带green manure 绿肥green philosophy 绿色哲学Green Revolution 绿色革命greenhouse effect 温室气体Greenwich (Prime) meridian 本初子午线grey desert soil 灰钙土grey desert steppe soil 灰色荒漠草原土grey-brown desert soil 灰棕色荒漠土grey-brown forest soil 灰棕色森林土grid 〔方〕如需要转载，请注明来自 FanE『翻译中国』http;///格网；图网grid line 格网线；图网线grid method 格网法；图网法grid north 格网北；图网北grid pattern 格网状grid reference 格网坐标；图网坐标grid road pattern 格网状道路型式grid square 格网方格；图网方格gridiron method 方格法grike 〔岩〕如需要转载，请注明来自 FanE『翻译中国』http;///溶沟；〔石炭〕如需要转载，请注明来自 FanE『翻译中国』http;///岩沟grinding 研磨作用gross domestic product (GDP) 国内生产总值；本地生产总值gross national product (GNP) 国民生产总值gross national product (GNP) per capita 人均国民生产总值gross primary production 总第一级生产量；总初级生产量gross raw material 毛量原料ground moraine 底碛ground photograph 地面照片ground radiation 地面幅射ground water 地下水ground water recharge 地下水补给groundmass 基质grouped data 分组数据；分组资料；分类数据；分类资料growing season 生长期growth centre 成长中心growth form 生长型groyne 海堤guard cell 保卫细胞gully 冲沟gully control 沟蚀防治gully erosion (gullying) 冲沟侵蚀；沟蚀gust 阵风gypsum 石膏habitat 生境hachuring 晕滃法Hadley cell 哈得来环流圈haematite (hematite) 赤铁矿hail 雹hailstone 雹块hailstorm 雹暴halo 晕；日晕halomorphic soil 盐成土halophilous plant (halophyte) 盐生植物hamada (hammade, rocky desert) 石〔质荒〕如需要转载，请注明来自 FanE『翻译中国』http;///漠；石〔质沙〕如需要转载，请注明来自 FanE『翻译中国』http;///漠；岩漠hamlet 小村庄hammade (hammade, rocky desert) 石〔质荒〕如需要转载，请注明来自 FanE『翻译中国』http;///漠；石〔质沙〕如需要转载，请注明来自 FanE『翻译中国』http;///漠；岩漠hand specimen 手标本handicraft industry 手工业hanging glacier 悬冰川hanging valley 悬谷hardness 硬度hardpan 硬盘hardwood 硬木Harris & Ullman's Multi-Nuclei Model 哈里期和乌尔复核心模式harvest 收成；收获haulage 运费hazard 灾害；公害haze 霾head of navigation 通航终点headland 岬headwater erosion 向源侵蚀；溯源侵蚀headwater erosion 源头heat (thermal) capacity 热容量heat (thermal) pollution 热污染heat absorption 热吸收heat balance 热量平衡heat budget 热量收支heat island 热岛heat release 放热heat transfer 热量输送heat wave 热浪heath 荒原heavy industry 重工业heavy metal 重金属heavy soil 黏重土〔壤〕如需要转载，请注明来自 FanE『翻译中国』http;///hectare 公顷hectopascal (hPa) 百帕斯卡hematite (haematite) 赤铁矿herb 草本植物herbicide 除草剂；除莠剂herbivore 食草动物Hercynian mountain-building movement 海西造山运动herding 畜牧hertz 赫（频率单位）heterogeneous 异类；异质heterotroph 异养生物hierarchy 层系；阶层high class residential zone 高等阶层住宅区；高尚住宅区high density development 高密度发展high order function 高级功能high order goods 高档商品high pressure area 高压区high pressure system 高压系统high technology 高科技high tide 高潮；满潮highland climate 高山气候high-order manufacturing 高级工业high-rise building 高建楼宇high-rise development 高建发展high-water mark 高潮线；高水位线highway transport 公路运输hill-shading 晕渲法；阴影法hinterland 腹地histogram 直方图historical factor 历史因素historical inertia 历史惯性histosol 有机土；泥灰土；沼泽土hoar frost 白霜hobby-farmer 业余农民Holocene epoch 全新世Home Ownership Scheme 居者有其屋计划homeostasis 自动平衡；体内平衡homestead 家园；田园；宅地homogeneous 同类；同质honeycomb weathering 蜂窝状风化〔作用〕如需要转载，请注明来自 FanE『翻译中国』http;///horizantal integration 水平式合拼；横向合并；横向联合horizantal linkage (lateral linkage) 水平式联系；横向联系horizon (1)地平线，(2)土层horizontal distance (equivalent) 水平距离horizontal scale 水平比例〔尺〕如需要转载，请注明来自 FanE『翻译中国』http;///horn (pyramidal peak) 角峰horse latitudes 亚热带无风带horst 地垒horticulture 园艺〔业〕如需要转载，请注明来自 FanE『翻译中国』http;///host 寄主hot desert 热带荒漠；热带沙漠hot spring 温泉household 户；户口housing estate 屋housing problem 房屋问题Hoyt's Sector Theory 霍伊特楔形模式；霍伊特扇形模式human adjustment 人为调节；人为调节的行动humic acid 腐殖酸humid climate 湿润气候humidity 湿度humification 腐殖质化〔作用〕如需要转载，请注明来自 FanE『翻译中国』http;///humus 腐殖质hurricane 飓风hybrid 杂种hydration 水化〔作用〕如需要转载，请注明来自 FanE『翻译中国』http;///；水合〔作用〕如需要转载，请注明来自 FanE『翻译中国』http;///hydraulic action 水力作用hydraulic head 〔压力〕如需要转载，请注明来自 FanE『翻译中国』http;///水头hydraulic radius 水力半径hydridaisation 杂交；杂化hydrocarbon 碳氢化合物hydro-electric power 水力发电hydrograph 水文过程线hydrological (water) cycle 水分循环hydrology 水文学hydrolysis 水解〔作用〕如需要转载，请注明来自 FanE『翻译中国』http;///hydromorphic soil 水成土hydrophyte 水生植物hydrosphere 水圈；水界hygrometer 湿度计hygrophyte 湿生植物hygroscopic nuclei 吸湿核心hygroscopic water 浅成岩hypothesis 假设hypothesis testing 假设检验ice age 冰河时期；冰期ice cap 冰盖；冰冠ice cap climate 冰盖气候；冰冠气候ice crystal 冰晶；冰晶体ice nuclei 冰核ice sheet 冰原；冰盖iceberg 冰山ice-dammed lake 冰堰湖igneous activity 岩浆活动igneous rock 火成岩illiteracy rate 文盲率illuvial horizon 淀积层immature soil 未成年土immigrant 移民immigration 国外移入impended drainage 不良排水impermeable 不透水impermeable rock 不透水岩impervious rock 不透水岩import 进口import substitution 代替进口；进口取代in situ 原位incineration 焚化；焚烧incised meander 深切曲流inclination of the earth's axis 地轴倾斜度independent variable 自变量；自变数index 指数；指标indicator species 指示物种indigenous population 土著indigenous species 本地品种induced earthquake 诱发地震industrial activity 工业活动industrial agglomeration 工业集聚industrial area 工业区industrial base 工业基地industrial chain 工业链锁industrial development 工业发展industrial dispersion 工业离散industrial district 工业区industrial estate 工业industrial growth 工业增加industrial inertia 工业惯性industrial land use 工业土地利用industrial landscape 工业景观industrial linkage 工业联系industrial location 工业区位industrial pattern 工业型式industrial population 工业人口industrial relocation 工业区位转移Industrial Revolution 工业革命industrial sector 工业部门；工业部份industrial shift 工业转移industrial sururb 市效工业区industrial waste 工业废料industrial zone 工业区industrialization 工业化industry (1)工业，(2)行业infant mortality rate 婴儿死亡率infanticide 杀婴infiltration rate 下渗率；渗润率infinite population 无限总体inflation 通货膨胀inflitration 下渗〔作用〕如需要转载，请注明来自 FanE『翻译中国』http;///；渗润〔作用〕如需要转载，请注明来自 FanE『翻译中国』http;///informal recreational activities 非形式化康乐活动infrared radiation 红外线幅射infrastructure 基本建设；基本设施inland drainage 内陆水系inland port 内陆港inlet 小湾in-migration 国内人口迁移；向内人口迁移inner city 内城区inner city decay 内城衰落inorhanic pollutant 无机污染物input 投入；输入insecticide 杀虫剂inselberg 岛山；残丘inshore fishing 近岸捕鱼insolation 日射instability 不稳定〔状态〕如需要转载，请注明来自 FanE『翻译中国』http;///institutional factor 制度因素institutional influence 制度影响institutional land use 社团土地利用instrusion 侵入instrusive rock 侵入岩instrusive vulcanicity 侵入火山活动integrated iron and steel works 钢铁联合企业intensity of development 发展密度intensity of rainfall 降雨强度intensive farming 精耕法；集约式农业interception (1)截留，(2)截取intercropping 间种〔法〕如需要转载，请注明来自 FanE『翻译中国』http;///interdependence 相互依赖interflow 间层流；表层流interlocking spur 交错山咀intermediate technology 中等科技intermittent stream 间竭河流；断续河流；季节河流intermontance basin 山间盆地internal force 内〔营〕如需要转载，请注明来自 FanE『翻译中国』http;///力internal migration 国内迁移；境内迁移internal structure of city 城市内部结构International Date Line 国际日期〔变更〕如需要转载，请注明来自 FanE『翻译中国』http;///线interpolation 插值〔法〕如需要转载，请注明来自 FanE『翻译中国』http;///interquartile range 四分位数间距interrelationship 相互关系interrupted stream 中断河Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) 热带幅合带inter-tropical front 热带锋inter-urban interaction 城市间相互作用inter-urban migration 城市间人口迁移interviewing 访问intervisibility 互见度intra-urban interaction 市内相互作用intra-urban migration 市内人口迁移intra-urban mobility 市内流动intra-urban transport 市内运输intrazonal soil 隐域土invasion 〔植物〕如需要转载，请注明来自 FanE『翻译中国』http;///侵入inversion layer 逆温层investment 投资ionisation 电离〔作用〕如需要转载，请注明来自 FanE『翻译中国』http;///；离子化〔作用〕如需要转载，请注明来自 FanE『翻译中国』http;///iron and steel industry 钢铁业irregular (uneven) slope 不均匀坡irrigation 灌溉irrigation canal 灌溉渠island arc 岛弧isobar 等压线isobaric surface 等压面isodapane 等总运费线isohyet 等雨量线isolated state 孤立国isoline (isopleth) 等值线isoline map 等值线地图isopleth 等值线isoseismal line 等震线isostasy 地壳均衡isostatic adjustment 〔地壳〕如需要转载，请注明来自 FanE『翻译中国』http;///均衡调节isotherm 等温线isotim 等运费线isthmus 地峡jet stream 射流；〔对流层顶〕如需要转载，请注明来自 FanE『翻译中国』http;///急流joint 节理joule 焦耳journey to school 上学旅程journey to shop 购物旅程journey to work 上班旅程Jurassic period 侏罗纪kame 冰砾阜kame terrace 冰砾阶地kaolin 高岭土karez 坎儿井karst region 岩溶地区；喀斯特地区katabatic wind 下坡风kettle (kettle hole) 锅穴key 图例kilojoule 千焦耳kinetic energy 动能knick point 裂点；节点knoll 圆丘knot (1)浬／小时；浬，(2)山结Koppen's climate classification 柯本气候分类〔法〕如需要转载，请注明来自 FanE『翻译中国』http;///krasnozem 红壤K-value K值labour 劳力；劳动力；劳工labour mobility 劳工流动[性]labour resources 劳力资源labour-intensive industry 劳工密集工业labour-oriented industry 劳工导向工业laccolith 岩株; 岩盖lacustrine deposit 湖泊沉积lacustrine plain 湖成平原ladang 迁移农业 ; 移动性农业 ; 游耕 (东南亚)lafe expectancy 预期寿命lagoon (1)舄湖 , (2)气化塘laissez-faire policy 自由放任政策lake 湖泊laminar flow 层流 ; 片流land breze 陆风land extensive industry 广占土地工业land intensive industry 土地集约工业land pollution 陆地污染 ; 土地污染land reform 土地改革land rent 地租land subsidence 土地沉陷 ; 地陷 ; 地面沉降land tenure 土地占有制land use (utlization) 土地利用land use adjustment 土地利用调整land use classification 土地利用分类land use intensity 土地利用密度land use map 土地利用图land use pattern 土地利用型式land use survey 土地利用调查land use type 土地利用类型land use zone 土地用途区land use zoning 土地用途分区制land utilization (use) 土地利用land value 地价landfill 堆填区landform 地貌 ; 地形landlocked country 内地国家landlordism 地主所有制landmark 地界标志landmass 陆块land-ownership 土地拥有权landscape 景观landscape evaluation 景观评价landslide (landslip) 山泥倾泻 ; 山崩lapilli 火山砾lapse rate [温度]递减率 ;[温度]直减率large scale map 大比例[尺]地图latent heat 潜热lateral erosion 侧蚀 ; 旁蚀lateral linkage (horizontal linkage) 水平式联系 ; 横向联系lateral moraine 侧[冰]碛laterite 砖红壤laterization 砖红壤化[作用]latitude 纬度latitudinal extent 纬度相距 ; 纬线跨度latosol 砖红壤性土Laurasia 劳亚古陆lava 熔岩lava cone 熔岩锥lava dome 熔岩穹lava flow 熔岩流lava pleateau 熔岩高原layer colouring (tinting) 分层着色法leaching 淋溶[作用] ; 淋滤[作用]least cost 最低成本least-cost location 最低成本区位leeward slope 背风坡legend 图例 ; 图式leguminous crop 豆科作物less developed country 欠发达国家levee (natural dyke) 天然堤levee failure 崩堤 ; 决堤level of development 发展水平level crossing 平交道levelling (1)削平 ; 夷平[作用], (2)平整土地 , (3)水准测量ley (1)临时性草地 , (2)轮作草地ley crop 休闲期作物ley farming 休闲期耕作liana 藤本植物lichen 地衣life cycle 生命周期life form 生活型life table 生命表light industry 轻工业light intensity 光强度light soil 轻质土lightening 闪电lignite 褐煤limb of fold 褶曲翼lime 石灰lime accumulation 石灰累积[作用]limestone 石灰岩limiting factor 限制因素limon 黄土(欧洲)line (linear) scale 直线比例尺line fising (lining) 绳钓法line graph 线形图line of weakness 弱线line transect 横切线 ; 线状样条linear (line) scale 直线比例尺linear city 长形城市linear settlement 带状聚落lining (line fishing) 绳钓法linkage 联系lithosol 石质土lithosphere 岩石圈litter (1)枯枝落叶 ; 枯死地被物 , (2)垃圾littoral zone 滨海带 ; 海岸带livestock rearing 畜养[业] ; 饲养[业] ; 畜牧[业] livestock waste collection 禽畜废物收集load 搬运物 ; 负载物loam 壤土loamy sand 壤质沙土local wind 地方性风 ; 本地风locality 地点location 区位locational analysis 区位分析locational factor 区位因素locational pattern 区位型式locational quotient 区位商数locational rent 区位租locational requirment 区位需求locational triangle 区位三角形lock 船闸 ; 水闸lode 矿脉loess 黄土log graph 对数图logarithm 对数logging 伐木long (longitudinal)profile 纵剖面long lining 延绳[钓]法long term planning 长期规划long wave 长波long=range forecasting 长期预报longitude 经度longitudinal (concordant)coast 顺向海岸 ; 纵式淤岸longitudinal (long) profile 纵剖面longitudinal dune 纵向沙丘longitudinal extent 经度相距 ; 经线跨度longitudinal wave 纵波longshore drift 沿岸漂移Lorenz curve 罗兰氏曲线low class residential zone 低等阶层住宅区low density development 低密度发展low order function 低级功能low order goods 低级商品low pressure area 低压区low pressure system 低压系统low technology 低科技low tide 低潮lower class limit 组下限lower course 下游lower-income group 较低收入组别lowland 低地low-order manufacturing 初级工业low-rise development 低建发展low-water mark 低潮线 ; 低水位线lumbering 伐木[业]macronutrient 主要营养素magma 岩浆magnetic declination (variation) 磁偏角magnetic north 磁北magnetic variation (declination) 磁偏角magnitude 强度main stream 干流mallee scrub 桉树灌丛（澳洲）malnutrition 营养不良Malthusian theory 马尔萨斯〔人口〕如需要转载，请注明来自 FanE『翻译中国』http;///理论mangrove 红树林man-land ratio 人地比率man-land relationship 人地关系man-made earthquake 人为地震manpower resources 人力资源mantle (1)地幔；(2)风化覆盖层mantle plume 地幔热柱manufactured goods 制成品manufacturing industry 制造业manure 粪肥map enlargement 地图放大〔法〕如需要转载，请注明来自 FanE『翻译中国』http;///map extract 地图摘录map interpretation 地图阐释；地图判读map projection 地图投影map reading 地图阅读map reduction 地图缩小〔法〕如需要转载，请注明来自 FanE『翻译中国』http;///map symbol 地图符号mapping 地图编绘；绘图marble 大理岩；大理石marginal cost 边际成本marginal land 边际用地；边际地marine (martime) climate 海洋〔性〕如需要转载，请注明来自 FanE『翻译中国』http;///气候marine organism 海洋生物maritime (marine) climate 海洋〔性〕如需要转载，请注明来自 FanE『翻译中国』http;///气候maritime air mass 海洋气团market area 市场区market gardening (truck farming) 园艺农业；蔬菜耕种market threshold 市场限值market town 墟镇marketing principle 市场原则market-oriented industry 市场导向工业marsh 沼泽；湿地mass movement (mass wastage, mass wasting) 块体移动；块体运动；物质坡移mass production 大量生产；大规模生产mass transit 集体运输mass wasting (mass movement, mass wastage) 块体运动；块体移动；物质坡移material index 原料指数matrix 〔矩〕如需要转载，请注明来自 FanE『翻译中国』http;///阵mature soil 成年土maximum temperature 最高温度maximum thermometer 最高温度计meadow soil 草甸土mean 平均值mean annual temperature 年平均温度mean daily temperature 日平均温度mean deviation 平均差；平均偏差mean sea level 平均海平面meander 曲流；河曲measurement 量度mechanical (physical) weathering 机械性风化；物理性风化mechanically formed sedimentary rock 机械作用形成的沉积岩mechanization 机械化medial moraine 中〔冰〕如需要转载，请注明来自 FanE『翻译中国』http;///碛median 中位数Mediterranean agriculture 地中海式农业Mediterranean climate 地中海〔式〕如需要转载，请注明来自 FanE『翻译中国』http;///气候megahertz 兆赫（频率单位，千周／秋）megalopolis 大城市群区；巨大城市带；巨大都会带megathermal climate 高温气候melting pot 各种族融化地（美）meltwater 融水mental map 意象图mercury barometer 水银气压计meridian 子午线；经线merino sheep 麦兰奴种绵羊mesa 方山；平顶山mesophyte 中生植物mesothermal climate 中温气候Mesozoic era 中生代metabolism 代谢作用metamorphic rock 变质岩metamorphism 变质作用meteorology 气象学methane 甲烷；沼气metropolis 都会metropolitan area 都会区metropolitan primacy 大都会首市现象mica 云母microclimate 微气候；小气候microclimatic survey 微气候测量；小气候测量micron 微米micronutrient 微量营养素micro-organism 微生物microrelief 微地形microthermal climate 低温气候mid-Atlantic ridge 大西洋中脊middle course 中流middle-class residential zone 游中等阶层住宅区middle-income group 中等收入组别mid-latitude desert 中纬度荒漠；中纬度沙漠mid-latitude zone 中纬度地带midnight-sun 夜半太阳mid-oceanic ridge 大洋中脊mid-year population 年中人口migration 迁移migratory dune 流动沙丘milestone 里程碑Milky Way 银河millet (1)小米，(2)狗尾草属植物millibar 亳巴million city 百万人口城市Minamate disease 水鈱病（日）；甲基汞中毒mineral 矿物mineral resources 矿物资源mineral soil 矿物质土壤mineralization 矿化作用minimum temperature 最低温度minimum thermometer 最低温度计mining 采矿minority group 少数群minority race 少数民族Miocene epoch 中新世miracle rice 奇迹米misfit stream 不〔相〕如需要转载，请注明来自 FanE『翻译中国』http;///称河；缩量河mist 薄雾mistral 密史脱拉风（地中海北岸）mixed farming 混合农业mixed land use 混合土地利用mobile belt 活动带mobility 流动性modal class 众数组mode 众数mode of transport 运输方式model (1)模式，(2)模型moderately populated 中量人口密度Mohorovicic Discontinuity (Moho) 莫霍〔洛维奇〕如需要转载，请注明来自 FanE『翻译中国』http;///不连续面；莫霍〔洛维奇〕如需要转载，请注明来自 FanE『翻译中国』http;///界面moisture 水分；湿气；水汽molasse (1)磨砾石，(2)稠糖浆mollisol 软土molten rock 熔岩monadnock 残丘monitoring 监测；监察monoculture 单一作物种monopoly 独占；垄断；专卖monsoon 季〔候〕如需要转载，请注明来自 FanE『翻译中国』http;///风monsoon climate 季风气候monsoon forest 季风林montane (mountain) forest 高山树林mor 粗腐殖质；酸性有机质moraine 冰碛moraine-dammed lake 冰碛堰塞湖more developed country 较发达国家mortality rate 死亡率moss 藓motor-car industry 汽车制造业mottled zone 斑纹带mountain 高山mountain (montane) forest 高山树林mountain arc 山弧mountain barrier 高山屏障mountain breeze (wind) 山风mountain building 造山运动mountain climate 高山气候mountain range 山脉mountain root 山根mountain wind (breeze) 山风mud-flat 泥滩mudflow 泥流mudstone 泥岩mulch 覆盖物mull 细腐殖质multi-function city 多功能城市multinational enterprise 跨国企业multiple cropping 复种；多造耕作multiple nuclei model 多核心模式multiplier effect 乘数效应multi-purpose scheme 多目标计划；多用途计划multi-purpose trip 多目标旅程multi-storey building 多层建筑物municipality 〔直辖〕如需要转载，请注明来自 FanE『翻译中国』http;///市mushroom rock (gour, pedestal rock) 菌状石；风蚀柱nappe 逆掩褶曲；推覆体national primacy 国家性首市现象nationality 国籍natural arch 天然拱natural disaster 自然灾害natural dyke (levee) 天然堤natural ecosystem 自然生态系统natural environment 自然环境natural harbour 天然港natural hazard 自然灾害natural increase 自然增长natural landscape 自然景观natural resources 自然资源natural selection 自然选择natural system 自然系统natural vegetation 自然植被nature conservation 自然保护nature reserve 自然保护区nature trail 自然教育径nearest neighbour analysis 最近邻分析negative correlation 负相关negative feedback 负反馈negative population growth 负人口增长negative relationship 负关系；负相关negative skewness 负偏态neighbourhood shopping centre 邻近购物中心neo-natal mortality rate 新生婴儿死亡率nesting 镶嵌net migration 净移民〔量〕如需要转载，请注明来自 FanE『翻译中国』http;///net primary production 净第一级生产量；净初级生产量net solar radiation 净太阳辐射net terrestrial radiation 净地面辐射network 网；网络neve (firn) 粒雪；永久积雪；永久冰雪new town 新市镇niche (1)雪，(2)小生境nimbostratus 雨层云nimbus 雨云nitric acid 硝酸nitrification 硝化作用nitrogen cycle 氮循环nitrogen fixation 固氮作用nitrogen-fixing bacteria 硝化细菌nocturnal cooling 夜间冷却nodal city 中心市nodal region 核心区。
地理词汇中英文对照翻译(3)
地理词汇中英文对照翻译(3)abrasion (corrasion) 磨蚀〔作用〕如需要转载，请注明来自 FanE『翻译中国』http;///；刻蚀〔作用〕如需要转载，请注明来自 FanE『翻译中国』http;///abrasion (wave-cut) platform 海蚀平台absolute humidity 绝对湿度absolute instability 绝对不稳定〔状态〕如需要转载，请注明来自 FanE『翻译中国』http;///absolute stability 绝对稳定〔状态〕如需要转载，请注明来自 FanE『翻译中国』http;///absolute temperature 绝对温度absorption 吸收〔作用〕如需要转载，请注明来自 FanE『翻译中国』http;///abyssal region 深海区acacia 合欢树Acacia confusa 台湾相思accelerated erosion 加速侵蚀accessibility 可达度；能达度acclimatization 气候适应accordant drainage 协调水系；调和水系accretion 加积〔作用〕如需要转载，请注明来自 FanE『翻译中国』http;///accumulated temperature 积温acid lava 酸性熔岩acid rain 酸雨acid soil 酸性土壤acidic rock 酸性岩acidity (1) 酸度，(2) 酸性activated sludge 活性污泥active layer 活动层；活土层active recreation 主动性康乐active volcano 活火山activity space 活动空间actual evapotranspiration 实际蒸散〔量〕如需要转载，请注明来自 FanE『翻译中国』http;///adiabatic cooling 绝对冷却；绝热降温adiabatic heating 绝对增温adiabatic lapse rate 绝热递减率；绝热直减率adiabatic process 绝热过程adiabatic temperature change 绝热温度变化adit mining 棋坑开采法advection 平流advection fog 平流雾aeolian deposit (sediment) 风积物aeration (1)通气[性]，(2)曝气aeration tank 曝气池aerial photograph 航空照片；空中照片aerobic 需氧aerobic treatment 需氧处理aerosol 气溶胶；雾体；大气微粒aesthetic pollution 美感污染aesthetic quality 美感质素afforestation 造林；植林aftershock 余震age composition 年龄构成age group 年龄组别age structure 年龄结构aged-dependency ratio 老年人抚养〔比〕如需要转载，请注明来自 FanE『翻译中国』http;///率agents of erosion 侵蚀作用力；侵蚀营力age-sex pyramid 年龄性别金字塔age-specific fertility rate 年龄别生育率age-specific marriage rate 年龄别结婚率age-specific mortality rate 年龄别死亡率agglomerate 集块岩agglomerated settlement 集居聚落agglomeration (1)结集；聚结，(2)聚居点agglomeration economies 集聚经济效益aggradated plain (aggradation plain) 加积平原；填积平原aggradation 右积作用；填积作用aggradation plain (aggradated plain) 加积平原；填积平原aggregate 团聚体；集合体aging of population 人口老化agrarian reform 土地改革agricultural location theory 农业区位理论agricultural waste 农业废料agriculture 农业agro-ecosystem 农业生态系统agrosystem 农业系统A-horizon A层；淋溶层air circulation 空气环流；空气循环air composition 空气成分；空气组成air control zone 空气管制区air mass 气团air mass modification 气团变性air parcel 气块air pollutant 空气污染物air pollution 空气污染；大气污染air pollution source 空气污染〔来〕如需要转载，请注明来自 FanE『翻译中国』http;///源air pressure 气压air quality monitoring network 空气质素监察网albedo 反射率alfalfa 苜蓿alfisol 淋溶土algae 藻类algal bloom 藻类过量繁殖alkaline soil 碱性土alkalinity (1)碱度，(2)碱性alkalization 碱化〔作用〕如需要转载，请注明来自 FanE『翻译中国』http;///allogenic river 外源河alluvial cone 冲积锥alluvial deposit 冲积物alluvial fan 冲积扇alluvial plain 冲积平原alluvial soil 冲积土alluvial terrace 冲积阶地alluviation 冲积作用alluvium 冲积物；冲积层alpine 高山alpine meadow soil 高山草甸土Alpine mountain-building movement 阿尔卑斯造山运动alpine vegetation 高山植物Alpine-Himalayan Belt 阿尔卑斯－－喜马拉雅山带altimeter 高度计altiplano 高原（玻利维亚）altitude 高度altocumulus 高积云altostratus 高层云aluminium sesquioxide 三氧化二铝amenities 市容ammonia 氨ammophilous 喜砂amorphous 无定形amplitude (1)幅度，(2)振幅anabatic wind 上坡风anaerobic 厌氧anaerobic treatment 厌氧处理；缺氧处理ancillary service 辅助性服务〔行业〕如需要转载，请注明来自 FanE『翻译中国』http;///anemometer 风速计aneroid barometer 空盒气压计angle of depression 俯角angle of elevation 仰角angle of incidence 入射角angle of inclination 倾角angle of repose 休止角angular (compass, whole circle) bearing 方位角angulate drainage 角状水系animal husbandry 畜牧〔业〕如需要转载，请注明来自 FanE『翻译中国』http;///anion 阴离子；负离子annotated map 注释图annual flood 年最大流量；年最大洪水annual mean temperature 年平均温annual rainfall 年雨量annual range of temperature 年温差annual runoff 年径流；年径流量annular drainage 环状水系Antarctic Circle 南极圈antecedent drainage 先成水系anthracite 无烟煤anthropogenic factor 人为因素anticline 背斜anticyclone 反气旋anticyclonic circulation 反气旋式环流anvil cloud 砧状云apartment building 住宅大厦apex (1)冲积扇顶，(2)顶点aquaculture 水产养殖aquatic plant 水生植物aqueduct 引水槽aquifer 畜水层arable farming 耕作农业arable land 〔可〕如需要转载，请注明来自 FanE『翻译中国』http;///耕地arch (1)背斜，(2)拱顶，(3)穹窿Archimedes' screw 〔阿基米得式〕如需要转载，请注明来自 FanE『翻译中国』http;///螺旋水斗archipelago 群岛Arctic air mass 北极气团Arctic Circle 北极圈Arctic climate 北极气候arctic front 北极锋arcuate delta 弓形三角洲；扇形三角洲area sampling 区域抽样；地区抽样areal association 地区联系；地域联系areal differentiation 地域分异areal distribution 地区分布；地域分布areal specialization 地区专门化；地域专门化areal variation 地区差异；地域差异arete 刃脊；冰脊arid 干旱arid {dry} climate 干旱气候arid land 旱地aridisol 旱成土aridity 干燥〔度〕如需要转载，请注明来自 FanE『翻译中国』http;///；干旱〔度〕如需要转载，请注明来自 FanE『翻译中国』http;///arithmetic mean 算术平均；等差中项；算术中项arithmetic progression 等差级数；算术级数arterial highway 干线公路artesian basin 自流水盆地artesian water 自流水artesian well 自流井artificial climate 人造气候asbestosis 石棉沉着病ash and cinder cone 凝灰火山渣锥ash cone 凝灰火山锥ash lagoon 煤灰湖asker 蛇〔形〕如需要转载，请注明来自 FanE『翻译中国』http;///丘aspect 坡向assembly industry 装配工业assembly line 装配线assimilation 同化〔作用〕如需要转载，请注明来自 FanE『翻译中国』http;///association 联系assumed mean 假定平均数asthenosphere 软流圈；岩流圈asymmetrical fold 不对称折曲atlas 地图集atmosphere 大气；大气圈atmospheric absorption 大气吸收atmospheric circulation 大气环流atmospheric disturbance 大气扰动atmospheric heat balance 大气热平衡atmospheric heat source 大气热源atmospheric motion 大气流动atmospheric pollutant 大气污染物atmospheric pollution 大气污染atmospheric pressure 大气压力；气压atmospheric radiation 大气辐射atmospheric refraction 大气折射atoll 环礁attrition 磨耗〔作用〕如需要转载，请注明来自 FanE『翻译中国』http;///；自磨〔作用〕如需要转载，请注明来自 FanE『翻译中国』http;///aureole 〔接触〕如需要转载，请注明来自 FanE『翻译中国』http;///变质带autotroph 自养生物autotrophic nutrition 自养营养autumnal equinox 秋分available relief (relative relief) 有效地势；相对地势avalanche 雪崩；山崩average cost 平均成本axial growth 轴向增长axial plane 轴面axial stream 山谷主要河流azimuth 方位角azonal soil 泛域土baby boom 生育高峰back bearing 倒后方位backshore 后滩；滨后〔滩〕如需要转载，请注明来自 FanE『翻译中国』http;///backwall 后壁；后坡backwash 回流badland 劣地bajada (bahada) 山麓冲积扇带balanced community 均衡社区balanced ecosystem 平衡生态系统Baltic-Danish farming 波罗的－－丹麦农业bank deposit 河岸沉积〔物〕如需要转载，请注明来自 FanE『翻译中国』http;///bank erosion 河岸侵蚀bank failure 塌岸bank full stage 满岸水位bank protection 护岸bankfull discharge 满岸流量bar 沙洲；沙坝bar chart (graph) 条形图；棒形图barbed drainage 倒状水系barchan 新月形沙丘barogram 自记气压曲线图barograph 自记气压计barometer 气压计barometric gradient 气压梯度barren land 荒地；瘠地barrier reef 堡礁；堤礁barrier to migration 迁徙障碍barysphere 重圈basal sapping 基部掏蚀basalt 玄武岩base flow 基本径流；底流base level 基准面base map 底图；基本图basic industry 基础工业basic lava 基性熔岩basic rock 基性岩basic sector 基础部门basin 盆地basin irrigation 淹灌basin perimeter 流域周长；流域周界basin planning 流域规划basin-and-range terrain 盆山相间地形batholith 岩基bauxite 铝土矿bayhead beach 湾头滩bazaar-type economy 摊贩经济beach 海滩beaded stream 串珠〔状〕如需要转载，请注明来自 FanE『翻译中国』http;///河流Beaufort scale 蒲福风级bed load 推移质；底沙bed scour 河床冲刷bedding 层理bedding plane 层面bed-load discharge 推移质输送量；底沙输送量bed-load transport 推移质输送；推移质搬运bedrock 基岩；底岩beef cattle 肉用牛behavioral adjustment 行为适应beheaded river (stream) 断头河bell-shaped curve 钟形曲线belt transect 样带bench 阶地bench mark (BM) 水准点beneficiation 矿物增效处理；富集bergschrund 冰后隙；冰斗隙best fit line 最优拟合线B-horizon B层；淀积层bias 偏误；偏差bidder 投标人；出价人bid-rent 出价地租bid-rent curve 出价地租曲线bifurcation ratio 分叉比；分叉率bimodal 集峰binomial curve 二项曲线biochemical oxygen demand(BOD) 生化需氧量biocycle 生物循环biodegradation 生物降解biogeochemical cycle 生物地球化学循环biogeography 生物地理学biological concentration 生物密集biological control 生物防治biological indicator 指示生物biological monitor 生物调节者biological productivity 生物生产力biological purification 生物净化biological weathering 生物风化biomass 生物量biome 生物群落biosphere 生物圈biota (biotic community) 生物群biotic balance (equilibrium) 生物平衡biotic barrier 生物阻限biotic climax 生物顶极〔群落〕如需要转载，请注明来自 FanE『翻译中国』http;///biotic community (biota) 生物群biotic component 生物组元biotic condition 生物条件biotic environment 生物环境；生命环境biotic equilibrium (balance) 生物平衡biotic factor 生物因素；生命因素biotite 黑云母biotype 生物〔类〕如需要转载，请注明来自 FanE『翻译中国』http;///型bird's foot delta 鸟足状三角洲birth control 节育；计划生育birth rate 出生率birth-death ratio 生死比率bituminous coal 烟煤black alkali soil 黑碱土black earth 黑土blast furnace 鼓风炉bleached horizon 漂白层blighted area (1)萎缩地区，(2)枯萎区blizzard 暴风雪；雪暴block diagram 立体图block disintegration 块状崩解；块状分裂block mountain 断块山blood rain 血雨blood worm 红虫；颤虫blow-hole 吹穴blowout (deflation hollow) 吹蚀穴；风蚀洼地bluff 陡坡；陡崖body wave 体波bog 藓沼；沼泽bog peat 沼泽泥炭bora 布拉风（地中海北岸）boreal climate 北部〔森林〕如需要转载，请注明来自 FanE『翻译中国』http;///气候boreal forest 北部针叶林borehole 钻孔；探孔boulder 巨砾；石砾boulder clay 泥砾boulder fan 巨砾扇boulder-controlled slope 砾块控制坡boundary (1)界限，(2)边界boundary layer 边界层brackish water 微咸水brackish water habitat 微咸水生境braided stream 分汊河道branching channel 辫状河breaching of dyke 决堤break8ing point 市场分界点breaker zone 碎波区；破波区break-of-bulk-point 转运点breakwater 防波堤breccia 角砾岩breeder reactor 增殖反应堆breeze 微风bridging point 架桥点broad-leaved forest 阔叶林bromine 溴bronchial ailment 支气管失调brown desert steppe soil 棕色荒漠草原土；棕钙土brown earth 棕壤brown forest soil 棕色森林土brown podzolic soil 灰化棕色土；灰化棕壤browsing stock 放牧牲畜buckling (1)弯曲，(2)地壳弯曲buffer 缓冲built-up area 已建区bulk carrier 散装货轮bund 堤Burgess's Concentric Model 伯吉斯同心区模式burrowing animal 穴居动物；钻洞动bush fallowing 灌丛休耕法bush veld 灌丛草原（南非）bushfire 林火business turnover 营业额butte 小方丘；孤丘buttress root 板根by-census 中期人口普查；中期户口统计cactus 仙人掌cadmium 镉Cainozoic (Cenozoic) era 新生calcareous crust 代钙质地表层；石灰结皮；石灰结壳calcareous rock 钙质岩calcareous soil 钙质土；石灰性土壤calcic horizon 钙质层calcification 钙化作用calcimorphic soil 钙成土calciphilous plant 适钙植物；喜钙植物calcite 方解石calcium carbonate 碳酸钙caldera 破火山口Caledonian mountain-building movement 加里东造山运动caliche 钙质层calm (1)无风，(2)静calorie 卡路里；卡Cambrian period 寒武纪camouflage 保护色作用canopy 冠层canyon 峡谷cape 岬〔角〕如需要转载，请注明来自 FanE『翻译中国』http;///capillary action 毛〔细〕如需要转载，请注明来自 FanE『翻译中国』http;///管作用capital (1)资金；资本，(2)首都capital accumulation 资本累积capital city 首都capital goods 资本货物capital investment 资本投资capital-intensive industry 资本密集工业cap-rock 冠岩；覆盖石caravan 商队(北非)carbohydrate 碳水化合物carbon cycle 碳循环carbon monoxide 一氧化碳carbonaceous rock 炭质岩carbonation 碳化作用carbonic acid 碳酸Carboniferous period 石炭纪carcinogen 致癌物cardinal points 方位基点caribou 驯鹿carnivore 食肉动物；食肉生物carrying capacity 负载能力cartographic technique 绘图技巧cartography 绘图学cascade 小瀑布case study 个案研究；学习事例cash crop 经济作物；现金作物cash tenancy 现金租用耕地制cassava 木薯cast iron 铸铁cataract 急流catastrophic effect 灾难性后果catch crop 填闲作物catchment area (1)集水区，(2)从属区catchwater 引水道category 类型；类别catena (soil catena) 土链cation 阳离子；正离子cation exchange capacity 阳离子交换能力；正离子交换能力cattle rearing 牧牛业cavern 岩洞cavitation 空化〔作用〕如需要转载，请注明来自 FanE『翻译中国』http;///cellular circulation 环型环流Celsius scale 摄氏温度表cementation 胶结〔作用〕如需要转载，请注明来自 FanE『翻译中国』http;///Cenozoic (Cainozoic) era 新生代census 代人口普查；户口统计central business district (CBD) 商业中心区central city 中心城central place 中地；中心地central tendency 集中趋势centrality 中心性centralization 集中centrally-planned economy 中央计划经济centre of gravity 重心centrifugal drainage 离心水系centrifugal force 离心力centripetal drainage 向心水系centripetal force 向心力cereal 谷类cesspool 污水池；粪池chain island 列岛chain shop 连锁店chalk 白垩chance factor 机遇因素channel (1)海峡，(2)水道，(3)河槽；河床channel capacity 河道容量channel cutting 河道割切channel density 河网密度channel equilibrium 河道平衡channel erosion 河道侵蚀channel filling 河道淤塞channel flow 河道径流；河槽径流channel frequency 河道频数channel gradient (slope) 河道坡度；河床坡度channel improvement 河道整治channel length 河道长度channel realignment 河道改道channel roughness 河床糙度channel slope (gradient) 河道坡度；河床坡度channel width 河道宽度channelled runoff 河道径流channelling 开渠；开新槽chaparral 浓密常绿阔叶灌丛(美国加利福尼亚和墨西哥) chart 图；图表chemical industry 化学工业chemical oxygen demand (COD) 化学需氧量chemical waste 化学废物chemical weathering 化学风化chemically formed sedimentary rock 化学作用形成的沉积岩chemosynthesis 化合作用；化学合成chernozem 黑钙土chestnut brown soil 栗钙褐土chestnut soil 栗钙土child-bearing age group 生育年龄组chili 奇利风（突尼斯的干热风）chinook 钦诺克风（北美）chi-square 卡方chloroflurocarbons (CFCs) 氯氟碳chlorophyll 叶绿素C-horizon C层；母质层choropleth map 等值域图Christaller's Central Place Theory 克里斯泰勒中地学说chute (1)奔流；瀑流，(2)流槽cinder cone 火山渣锥circular causation 循环因果circum-Pacific belt 环太平洋带circumpolar westerlies 环极西风cirque (corrie, cwm) 冰斗cirrocumulus 卷积云cirrostratus 卷层云cirrus 卷云city 城市city (urban) planner 城市规划师city (urban) planning 城市规划city centre 市中心city plan 城市平面图city proper 城市市区部分class 区；组；类class boundary 组界class interval 组区间；组距class limit 组限；区限class mark (class mid-point) 组中点；组中点class mid-point (class mark) 组中点；区中点clastic deposit 碎屑沉积clay 黏土clay loam 黏质壤土clay pan 黏盘clay particle 黏土颗粒clayey 黏质clay-humus complex 黏粒腐殖质复合体cliff 悬崖；峭壁climate 气候climate modification 〔人工〕如需要转载，请注明来自 FanE『翻译中国』http;///改变气候climatic amelioration 气候改良climatic anomaly 气候异常climatic barrier 气候障壁climatic change 气候变化；气候变迁climatic classification 气候分类climatic climax 气候顶极〔群落〕如需要转载，请注明来自 FanE『翻译中国』http;///climatic deterioration 气候恶化climatic element 气候要素climatic factor 气候因子climatic graph 气候图〔表〕如需要转载，请注明来自 FanE『翻译中国』http;///climatic map 气候图climatic oscillation 气候变化；气候变动climatic prediction 气候预报climatic region 气候区climatic regulation 气候调节〔作用〕如需要转载，请注明来自 FanE『翻译中国』http;///climatology 气候学climax 顶极〔群落〕如需要转载，请注明来自 FanE『翻译中国』http;///climax community 顶极群落climax vegetation 顶极植物climber 攀绿植物climbing plant 攀绿植物climograph 气候图clinometer 倾角仪；测斜仪clint 石灰岩岩脊；石芽closed system 密闭系统clothing industry 制衣业cloud 云cloud cover (cloudiness) 云量cloud reflection 云盖反射cloud seeding 播云；云的催化cloud type 云型cloudiness (cloud cover) 云量cluster sampling 类集抽样coagulation 混凝coal seam 煤层coalfield 煤田coarse texture soil 粗质地土壤coarse tuff 粗粒凝灰岩coarse-grained rock 粗粒岩石coastal landform 海岸地貌；海岸地形coastal plain 海岸平原coastline 海岸线cobble 中砾coding 编码cohesion 内聚力；凝聚力cohort 同期组群coking coal 〔炼〕如需要转载，请注明来自 FanE『翻译中国』http;///焦煤col 山口；山坳cold current 寒流cold desert 寒〔带荒〕如需要转载，请注明来自 FanE『翻译中国』http;///漠cold front 冷锋cold resistance 耐寒性cold temperate climate 寒温带气候cold wave 寒潮collective farming 集体农业collectivization 集体化colloid 胶体colluvium 崩积物；崩积层；坡积物colonization (1)殖民；拓殖，(2)集群；定殖；占据colony 集群；群体columnar jointing 柱状节理columnar structure 柱状结构combine harvester 联合收割机；多用途收割机commercial centre 商业中心commercial farming 商业性农业commercial zone 商业区commercialization 商业化commune 公社communication (1)交通，(2)通讯community (1)社区，(2)群落community facility 社区设施community organization 社区组织community shopping centre 社区购物中心commuter 通勤者；往返市区工作地点及郊区住所的人commuter zone 通勤带compact texture 致密结构comparative advantage 相对优势comparison goods 需比较商品compass 罗盘；指南针compass (angular, whole circle) bearing 方位角compass points 罗盘指标；罗盘方位competence of stream 河流搬运最大颗粒能力competition for location 区位竞争competition for space 空间竞争component 组元composite cone 复合火山锥composting 堆肥comprehensive redevelopment area 综合性重建区compressional force 挤压力computation 计算concave bank 凹岸concave slope 凹坡concentration 集结concentric zone theory 同心圆地带论concordant (longitudinal) coast 顺向海岸；纵式海岸concretion 结核〔作用〕如需要转载，请注明来自 FanE『翻译中国』http;///condensation 凝结condensation level 凝结高度condensation nuclei 凝结核心conduction of heat 热传导conelet 小型火山锥confluence 汇流点congelifraction 融冻〔崩解〕如需要转载，请注明来自 FanE『翻译中国』http;///作用conglomerate 砾岩conical hill 锥形山conifer 针叶树coniferous forest 针叶林connectivity 连接程度consequent drainage 顺向水系conservation 养护；保养；保护；保存；节约conservation of resources 资源保养constant slope 直坡constructive plate boundary 建设性皮块边界constructive wave 建设性波浪；堆积浪consumer 消费者consumer behaviour 消费行为；消费者行为container 集装箱；货柜container terminal 集装箱码头；货柜码头containerization 集装箱化；货柜化continent 洲；大陆continental air mass 大陆气团continental apron (rise) 大陆隆continental climate 大陆〔性〕http;///气候continental collision 大陆碰撞continental crust 大陆地壳；陆壳continental drift 大陆漂移continental edge (fringe, margin) 大陆边缘continental fringe (edge, margin) 大陆边缘continental glacier 大陆冰川continental island 大陆岛continental margin (edge, fringe) 大陆边缘continental nucleus 陆核continental plate 大陆板块continental plate boundary 大陆板块边界continental rise (apron) 大陆隆continental rupture 大陆破裂continental shelf 大陆〔棚〕如需要转载，请注明来自 FanE『翻译中国』http;///架continental shield 地盾continental slope 〔大〕如需要转载，请注明来自 FanE『翻译中国』http;///陆〔斜〕如需要转载，请注明来自 FanE『翻译中国』http;///坡continental suturing 大陆缝合作用continentality 大陆性；大陆度contour farming (ploughing) 等高耕作〔法〕如需要转载，请注明来自 FanE『翻译中国』http;///contour line 等高线contour map 等高线图contour mapping 等高线绘图contour method 等高线法contour ploughing (farming) 等高耕作〔法〕如需要转载，请注明来自 FanE『翻译中国』http;///contraception 避孕contract farming 合约式农业controlled flooding 控制漫灌〔法〕如需要转载，请注明来自 FanE『翻译中国』http;///controlled tip 废物堆填区controlled tipping 废物堆填法conurbation 联都；集合城市〔区〕http;///convection (convectional) rain 对流雨convection (convective) current (1)对流，(2)对流气流convection of heat 热对流convective (convection) current (1)对流，(2)对流气流convenience goods 日用品；常用商品conventional sign 图例；沿用图例；惯用符号convergence (1)辐合，(2)聚合convex bank 凸岸convex slope 凸坡cool temperate climate 凉温带气候co-operative farming 合作社式农业coordinate 坐标coral reef 珊瑚礁cordillera 雁列山(美洲 )core (1) 地核；地心，(2)核心core area 核心区corestone 核心石；岩心Coriolis effect 科里奥效应Coriolis force 科里奥利力；地球自转偏向力Corn Belt 玉米带（美）corrasion (abrasion) 磨蚀〔作用〕如需要转载，请注明来自 FanE『翻译中国』http;///；刻蚀〔作用〕如需要转载，请注明来自 FanE『翻译中国』http;///corrective measure 改善措施correlation 相关corrie (cirque, cwm) 冰斗corrosion 溶蚀〔作用〕如需要转载，请注明来自 FanE『翻译中国』http;///cosmic ray 宇宙射线cost minimization 生产成本最低化；成本的极少化cost of living 生活费cost-benefit analysis 损益分析；成本收益分析cottage industry 家庭式工业counter radiation 逆辐射counter-urbanization 逆城市化country park 郊野公园country rock 围岩crag and tail 鼻尾丘crater 火山口crest 山脊Cretaceous period 白垩纪crevasse 冰隙；裂隙critical discharge 临界流量critical isodapane 临界等总运费线crop and livestock farming 耕牧混合农业crop breeding 作物育种crop failure 作物失收；作物减产crop rotation 轮植；轮作；轮耕cropping pattern 作物生产型式cropping region 作物区cropping system 耕作制度；农作制度cross breeding 杂交育种；杂交繁育cross section 横剖面；横切面cross-bedding 交错层crown 树冠crude birth rate 粗出生率；毛出生率crude death rate 粗死亡率；毛死亡率crumb structure 屑粒结构crust (earth's crust) 地壳crystal 晶体crystalline rock 结晶岩crystallization 结晶〔作用〕如需要转载，请注明来自 FanE『翻译中国』http;///cuesta 单斜脊；单面山cuesta scarp 单斜脊崖（前坡）；鬣崖cultural landscape 文化景观cumulative causation 累积因果cumulative frequency 累积频数；累积频率cumulative frequency curve 累积频数曲线；穹形线cumulonimbus 积雨云cumulus 积云cup anemometer 转杯风速计curde oil 原油current meter 流速计current speed 流速cuspate delta 尖头三角洲cut off slope 削蚀坡cut-and-fill (1)边冲边淤(曲流) (2)先冲后淤(河床) cuticle 角质层cut-off (1)截流；断流，(2)裁湾〔作用〕如需要转载，请注明来自 FanE『翻译中国』http;///cut-off lake (oxbow lake) 牛轭湖cutting 〔削〕如需要转载，请注明来自 FanE『翻译中国』http;///切面cwm (cirque, corrie) 冰斗cycle of erosion 侵蚀循环cycle of poverty 贫穷循环cyclone 气旋cyclone track 气旋路线cyclonic circulation 气旋环流cyclonic flow 气旋流动cyclonic rain 气旋雨daily (diurnal) range of temperature 日温差dairy cattle 乳牛；乳用牛dairy farming 乳牛畜牧业Dalmatian coast 达尔马提亚型海岸；顺向海岸dam 水坝dam-failure 溃坝；垮坝data analysis 数据分析；资料分析data collection 数据搜集；资料搜集data interpretation 数据阐释；资料阐释data processing 数据处理；数据处理data representation 数据表达；资料表达de facto population 现住人口de jure population 常住人口death rate 死亡率debris avalanche 岩屑崩落debris flow 泥石流debris slope 岩屑坡decalcification 脱钙作用decay 腐烂；分解decentralization 分散；离心decibel (dB) 分贝deciduous forest 落叶林decision maker 决策者declining region 衰落区decomposer 分解者decomposing organism 分解生物decomposition 分解〔作用〕如需要转载，请注明来自 FanE『翻译中国』http;///deep-focus earthquake 深源地震deferred junction 延长汇点deferred stream 延长河如需要转载，请注明来自 FanE『翻译中国』http;///deflation hollow (blowout) 吹蚀穴；风蚀洼地deflation varnish 吹蚀漆皮deflection 偏向deflection (deflective, deviating) force 偏向力；偏转力deflective (deflecting, deviating) force 偏向力；偏转力defoliation 去叶；落叶；脱叶deforestation 伐林deformation 变形；变态deglomeration 反聚集力degradable plastics 可降解塑料degradation 陵削〔作用〕如需要转载，请注明来自 FanE『翻译中国』http;///；减坡degrading stream 夷低河；削蚀河；下切河流dehydration 脱水〔作用〕如需要转载，请注明来自 FanE『翻译中国』http;///deionized water 去离子水delta 三角洲demand potential 需求潜在力demographic data 人口数据；人口资料demographic structure 人口结构demographic transition 人口过渡；人口转变demographic transition theory 人口过渡论demography 人口统计学；人口学dendritic drainage 〔树〕如需要转载，请注明来自 FanE『翻译中国』http;///枝状水系denitrification 反硝化作用densely populated 人口稠密density 密度density map 密度图denudation 剥蚀〔作用〕如需要转载，请注明来自 FanE『翻译中国』http;///denudation chronology 剥蚀年代dependency population 依赖人口；受抚养人口dependency ratio 依赖比率；抚养比率dependent variable 应变量；应变数depopulation 人口减少；人口下降deposit 沉积物如需要转载，请注明来自 FanE『翻译中国』http;///depreciation (1)折旧，(2)贬值；货币贬值depressed region 葨落区域depression (1)低气压，(2)洼地deranged drainage 冰碛平原水系；扰乱水系desalinization 脱盐作用descriptive statistics 描述统计学desert 荒漠；沙漠desert climate 荒漠气候；沙漠气候desert encroachment 荒漠扩展；沙漠扩侵desert pavement 荒漠〔卵石〕如需要转载，请注明来自 FanE『翻译中国』http;///覆盖层；沙漠〔卵石〕如需要转载，请注明来自 FanE『翻译中国』http;///覆盖层desert plateau 荒漠高原；沙漠高原desert varnish 荒漠漆皮desertification 荒漠化；沙漠化desiccation 干燥作用；变旱desilication 脱硅作用destructive plate boundary 破坏性板块边界destructive wave 破坏性〔波〕如需要转载，请注明来自 FanE『翻译中国』http;///浪detached building 独立式楼宇detritus (1)碎屑；岩屑，(2)腐屑developed country 已发展国家developing country 发展中国家development level 发展水平deviating (deflecting, deflective) force 偏向力；偏转力deviation 偏差Devonian period 泥盆纪dew 露dew point 露点D-horizon D层；基岩层diagenesis 成岩作用diagonal linkage 对角联系diastrophism 地壳运动differential erosion 差别侵蚀differential weathering 差别风化diffuse radiation 扩散辐射diffusion 漫射；扩散dike (dyke) (1)岩墙；岩脉，(2)堤dilution 稀释diminishing return 收益递减dip 倾斜dip angle 倾角dip direction 倾向dip slope 倾向坡direct proportion 正比例disaster relief 救灾discharge 流量disclimax 亚演替顶极discordant coast 横或海岸discordant drainage 不协调水系discrete data 不连续数据disease control 疾病控制diseconomies of scale 规模不经济disintegration 崩解；分解dismembered drainage 解体水系dispersed settlement 分散聚落dispersion (1)离〔中〕如需要转载，请注明来自 FanE『翻译中国』http;///趋势；离〔中〕如需要转载，请注明来自 FanE『翻译中国』http;///差，(2)离散displacement 位移disposal 处置；处理dissected plateau 切割高原dissection 切割〔作用〕如需要转载，请注明来自 FanE『翻译中国』http;///；分割〔作用〕如需要转载，请注明来自 FanE『翻译中国』http;///dissipation 消散〔作用〕如需要转载，请注明来自 FanE『翻译中国』http;///dissolved load 溶解〔搬运〕如需要转载，请注明来自 FanE『翻译中国』http;///质dissolved oxygen (DO) 溶解氧distance decay 随距递减；随距衰减distributary 分流distribution 分布distributional pattern 分布形态diurnal (daily) range of temperature 日温差divergence (1)辐散，(2)分向diversification 多元化divided circle (pie graph) 圆瓣图division of labour 分工doldrums 赤道无风带dolerite 粗玄岩doline 溶斗；〔漏斗形〕如需要转载，请注明来自 FanE『翻译中国』http;///灰岩坑domain 领域dome 穹丘，圆丘domesti refuse 家庭废物domestic sewage 生活污水；家庭污水domesticated animal 驯养家畜domestication 驯化；驯养dominant animal 优势动物dominant plant 优势植物dominant species 优势种dormancy 休眠dormant volcano 睡火山dormitory suburb 郊外居住区；郊外住宅区dormitory town 居住城镇dot map 点示图double cropping 雨造耕作；双作downcutting 下蚀〔作用〕如需要转载，请注明来自 FanE『翻译中国』http;///；下切侵蚀downdraft (downdraught) 下沉气流downfold 向斜downstream 下游downthrow 下盘downtown 市中心；城市商业区（美）downward filtering process 下滤过程downwelling 沉降流downwind effect 下沉风效应drag velocity 摩阻流速drainage (1)水系，(2)排水drainage area (1)流域，(2)排水区drainage basin 河盆；河域drainage density 河网密度;排水密度drainage network (1)河网，(2)排水网drainage pattern 水系型〔式〕如需要转载，请注明来自 FanE『翻译中国』http;///drainage system 水系draught animal 役畜dredging 清淤；疏浚dreikanter 三棱石；风棱石drift (adlt) mining 横坑开采法drift material 飘流物；漂流物drill rig 钻油台；钻塔drip-tip 滴水叶尖drizzle 微雨；毛毛雨drought 干旱drought-resistant plant 抗旱性植物drowned river valley (rai) 溺谷；溺河drumlin 脊背丘；鼓丘dry (arid) climate 干旱气候dry (wind) gap 旱峡；风口dry adiabatic lapse rate 干绝热〔温度〕如需要转载，请注明来自 FanE『翻译中国』http;///递减率；干绝热〔温度〕如需要转载，请注明来自 FanE『翻译中国』http;///直减率dry crop 旱田作物dry farming 旱耕〔法〕如需要转载，请注明来自 FanE『翻译中国』http;///dry rice 旱稻dry valley 干谷；涸谷dry-bulb thermometer 干球温度计drying agent 干燥剂duckweed 浮萍；青萍dumping area 倾卸区dune 沙丘dune encroachment 沙丘扩侵duplex house 复式房屋durable goods 耐用品duricrust 铝铁硅钙壳duripan 硬盘Dust Bowl 尘暴区（美）dust storm 尘暴dwelling unit 居住单位dyke rock 脉岩dyke(dike) (1)岩墙；岩脉，(2)堤dynamic equilibrium 动态平衡earth movement 地壳运动earth pillar 土柱earth revolution 地球公转earth rotation 地球自转earth-flow 泥流earthquake 地震earthquake focus 震源earthquake intensity 地震强度earthquake origin 震源earthquake period 地震期earthquake prediction 地震预报earthquake scale 地震震级earthquake wave 地震波earthquake zone 地震带earthquake-prooff design 抗震设计earth's axis 地轴earth's crust (crust) 地壳earthy 土状easterlies (1)东风，(2)东风带easting 东行线ecocline 生态变异；生态差型ecological balance 生态平衡ecological community 生态群落ecological crisis 生态危机ecological damage 生态破坏ecological efficiency 生态效率ecological niche 生态位；小生境ecological pyramid 生态塔ecological succession 生态演替ecology 生态学economic base 经济基础economic bloc 经济集团economic depression 经济萧条economic development 经济发展economic growth 经济增长economic man 经济人economic recession 经济衰退economic recovery 经济复苏economic region 经济区economic rent 经济租值economic take-off 经济起飞economic utility 经济效用economically active population 经济活动人口economically inactive population 非经济活动人口economies of scale 规模经济效益ecosphere 生态圈ecosystem 生态系统ecotone 群落过渡带；群落交错区ecotype 生态型edaphic climax 土壤演替顶极〔群落〕如需要转载，请注明来自 FanE『翻译中国』http;///edaphic factor 土壤因素eddy 旋涡effciency of energy transfer 能量变换效率；能量转换效率effective precipitation 有效降水〔量〕如需要转载，请注明来自 FanE『翻译中国』http;///effluent (1)污水；废水，(2)湖源河eight point compass 八方位罗盘elasticity of demand 需求弹性elasticity of supply 供给弹性elbow of capture 袭夺〔河〕如需要转载，请注明来自 FanE『翻译中国』http;///弯electrical conductivity 导电性；导电率electromagnetic wave 电磁波electronics industry 电子业elevated peneplain 上升准平原elevation (1)海拔；高度，(2)仰角eluvial deposit (1)残积物，(2)淋溶沉积物eluvial horizon 淋溶层eluviation 淋溶〔作用〕如需要转载，请注明来自 FanE『翻译中国』http;///；淋失〔作用〕如需要转载，请注明来自 FanE『翻译中国』http;///embankment 堤基emergence 上升emergent (1)露生植物，(2)挺水植物emergent coast 上升海岸emigrant 移民emigration 移居国外empirical data 实验数据employment structure 就业结构end (terminal) moraine 终〔冰〕如需要转载，请注明来自 FanE『翻译中国』http;///碛endangered species 濒临灭绝的生物品种；濒危物种endogenic process 内力作用；内成作用。
人文地理学专业词汇
人文地理学专业词汇1、地理学geographe研究对象是地理环境（自然环境、经济环境、人文环境）2、人文地理学以人文现象为研究主体，侧重于揭示人类活动的空间结构及其地域分布的规律性。
研究对象是人文环境、人文现象和文化景观。
其内核是注重区域和空间，注重人地关系3、人地关系内涵：人指社会属性的人，具体说是指在一定区域空间和一定生产方式下从各种社会活动和生产活动的具有群体行为的人；地指地理环境，包括自然环境和社会人文环境，具体指与人类活动有密切联系的空间上存在地域差异的自然、人文、经济复合体系。
4、人文地理的学科特征：社会性、区域性、综合性。
5、近代人文地理学：（德国）洪堡：使地理学成为一门独立的科学；李特尔：近代人文地理学的开山大师，致力于探究自然环境对人类历史的因果关系。
拉采尔：地理环境决定论。
赫特纳：区域学派的代表。
施吕特尔：景观学派的代表。
（法国）白兰士、白吕纳：人地相关论。
（英国）麦金德：大陆腹地说。
罗士培：适应论。
（美国）森普尔：环境决定论。
苏尔：文化景观学派。
（俄国）巴朗斯基、萨乌什金：区域学派，费根、康斯坦丁：经济学派。
6、现代人文地理学：美国谢佛使作数学统计培养计量地学者，苏联自然地理学与经济地理学相分离的二元论观点。
总体特征：（1）科学理论与方法论的建立：人地关系协调论和可持续发展观；（2）新的研究方法：计量方法、数学模型、心理学的分析方法、技术分析法；（3）新的研究内容和研究方向：在人地关系研究方面，既注重生态观点，同时社会化和人文化的倾向得到强化，面向解决实际问题。
7、中国：近代张相文、竺可桢，、胡焕庸、张其昀。
现代李旭旦、吴传钧、鲍觉民。
8、方法论：（1）经验主义：观察是其重点，强调综合和归纳的作用；（2）实证主义：对任何事物合乎科学的理解必须有意义并且同实际相符，演绎由一般到特殊；（3）人本主义：以人为主体，重视人类行为的丰富意义和社会价值观念体系中的非经济成分；（4）结构主义：可观察的事物，只有当把它用一个潜在结构或秩序联系在一起时，才有意义。
七年级上册地理英汉地理词汇跟读
七年级上册地理英汉地理词汇跟读七年级上册——英汉地理词汇The world：世界Continent：大陆Africa：非洲Asia：亚洲Europe：欧洲North America：北美洲South America：南美洲Oceania：大洋洲数学Geometry：几何Line：直线Triangle：三角形Square：正方形Circle：圆形地理Map：地图Earth：地球Atlas：地图集Compass：指南针Topography：地形Climate：气候地质Plateau：高原Valley：山谷Mountain：山脉Canyon：峡谷River：河流地理，我们都很熟悉。
这是一门把生活中的各种元素拼凑起来的科学课程。
它把我们的宇宙、地球及其表面中的景观与自然征兆一一拼接在一起，它把陆地上的河流、高原、山脉及其活动、构成的物理景观特质有机地描述出来。
地理课程主要涉及全球分布、地表物质、地貌地貌、气候分布、人文地理、植被分布及生态因素等内容，这些内容关联着人类活动与地球环境间的千丝万缕关系。
它包括我们所在的世界主要由五大洲组成：非洲、亚洲、欧洲、北美洲、南美洲及大洋洲；它将让我们熟悉米卢斯的著作，“地图是一幅记录世界形态的画”；它还将教我们如何绘制地图，使我们了解数学在几何中的作用，如直线、三角形、正方形、圆形等图形；它让我们了解地球上景观丰富多样的地理景观，如高原、山谷、峡谷、山脉和河流等；它使我们也了解地球表面的气候分布、人文地理及植被的分布及其对生态的影响等。
地理课程是一门蕴含着智慧的学科，它不仅触及理论，还有一定的实践内容，让我们感受自然的和人类的繁杂关系，从而懂得去爱我们的地球。
世界主要地理词汇中英文对照表
主要地理词汇中英文对照表中国地形Chinese topography世界地形world topography遥感remote sensing地理信息系统geographical information system全球定位系统global positioning system宇宙universe星云nebula恒星star卫星satellite行星planet彗星comet流星meteor太阳系solar system水星Mercury金星Venus地球earth火星Mars木星Jupiter土星Saturn天王星Uranus海王星Neptune冥王星Pluto大气atmosphere日食solar Eclipse月食lunar Eclipse月球moon月相lunar phase地球自转rotation of the earth地球公转revolution of the earth日地距离solar--terrestrial distance太阳辐射solar radiation大气环流atmospheric circulation地球自转偏向力deflection force of earth rotation行星云系planetary wind system气压air pressure季风monsoon台风typhoon寒潮cold wave气旋cyclone气候climate岩石圈lithosphere地壳crust地幔mantle物质循环substance cycle 板块运动plate movement 地貌land form河流River平原plain高原plateau水循环hydrologic cycle 水资源water resources 污染pollution海洋ocean厄尔尼诺EL-nino森林forest荒漠化desertification 自然保护区Nature reserve。
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A阿朗索模型Alonso model阿罗定理Arrow’s theoremB保护conservation备选格网分析repertory grid analysis背景理论contextual theory背景效应contextual effect本体论ontology比较成本分析comparative cost analysis 比较优势comparative advantage边疆frontier边疆理论frontier thesis边界boundary边缘带fringe belt辩证法dialectic变动成分components of change变量转换transformation of variables 波斯坦论题Postan thesis博塞洛普论点Boserup thesis博弈论game theory伯克利学派Berkeley School不公平分配选区malapportionment不公正的选区划分gerrymandering不均衡发展uneven development不确定性uncertainty布赖纳争议Brenner debateC财政危机fiscal crisis财政转移fiscal migration参与观察participant observation残差residual测度measurement测量measurement ; survey产业组织industrial organization场所place ；locale超空间hyperspace超前——滞后模型lead-lag models成本结构cost structrue成本面cost surface成本曲线cost curve成本收益分析cost-benefit analysis城市urban ; city城市企业家化urban entrepreneurialism城市村庄urban village城市的职能分类functional classification of cities 城市地理学urban geography城市更新urban renewal城市管理者与守护者urban managers and gatekeepers 城市规模分布city-size distribution城市化urbanization城市集居区barrio城市景观townscape城市起源urban origins城市群conurbation城市社会运动urban social movement城市生活方式urbanism城市生态学urban ecology城市首位律primate city , law of the城市特殊人口聚居区ghetto城市体系urban system城市与区域规划urban and regional planning城乡边缘带rural- urban fringe城乡过渡带rural- urban fringe城乡连续谱rural- urban continum城镇town乘数multipliers承载力carrying capacity尺度scale冲突conflict重组restructuring抽象化abstraction抽样sampling初始工业化protoindustrialization出口加工区export platform出行travel传播diffusion创新innovation粗放农业extensive agriculture村庄village存在主义existentialismD达尔文主义Darwinism大都市带megalopolis大都市劳动力区metropolitan labour area (MLA) 大理论Grand Theory大陆架continental shelf带状发展ribbon development代表权representation等费线isodapane等级规模法则rank-size rule等值线isarithms ; isolines ; isopleths抵抗态度NIMBY帝国主义imperialism蒂伯特模型Tiebout model蒂森多边形Thiessen polygon第二住宅second home第三世界Third Word地带zone地点locale地方place地方感sence of place地方效用place utility地方政府local state地方主义regionalism地理信息系统geographical information systems (GIS) 地理学geography地理学和分析马克思主义analytical Maxism , geography地理学会geographical societies地理学史geography , history of地理学与公正justice , geography and地理学与伦理ethics , geography and地理学想象力geographical imagination地理战略区域geostrategic regions地理政治变迁geopolitical transition地理政治学geopolitics地理知识论geosophy地名place-names地盘政治turf-politics地图影像与地图map image and map地图学cartography地图学史cartography , history of地形图topographic map地形转换transformation地域territory地域单元问题areal unit problem地域分异areal differentiation地域社会指标territorial social indicator地域性（体）locality地缘政治学geopolitik地租rent地租缺口rent gap调查surveying ; survey调查分析survey analysis定量方法quantitative methods定期集市体系periodic market systems定性方法qualitative methods东方主义orientalism都市区metropolitan area读图map reading杜能模型von ThÜnen model对数--线性模型log—linear modelling多层次模型multilevel modelling多国公司multinational corporation(MNC) 多核心模型multiple nuclei model多米诺理论domino theory多维标度multidimensional scaling(MDS) 多元社会plural society多元文化主义multiculturalism多元论pluralismE二项分布binomial distribution二元经济dual economyF发达development发展development发展方式mode of development发展极growth pole发展论developmentalism法兰克福学派Frankfurt School法律地理学law , geography of法则law反工业化deindustrialization反馈feadback反事实解释法couterfacture explanation反推法retrogressive approach反证法retroduction范式paradigm范围经济economies of scope犯罪地理学crime , geography of方差分析analysis of variance (ANOV A)方法论个人主义methodological individualism方言dialect方域地理学chorography方志学chorology仿真simulation非参数统计学non-parametric statistics非法占用squatting非法占用者居住区squatter settlement非汇总交通需求模型disaggegate travel demand modelling非均衡发展uneven development非正式部门informal sector菲利普斯曲线Phillips curve分岔bifurcation分成制sharecropping分割cleavage分割的劳动市场segmented labour market分级统计图choropleth map分类区间class interval分类与规划classification and regionalization 分配方式mode of distribution分配者gatekeepers分区模型zonal model分区制zoning分权devolution封建制度feudalism封建主义feudalism风险risk福利地理学welfare geography福利国家welfare state福特制Fordism福特主义Fordism福祉well-being符号学semiology (semiotics)符号互动论symbolic interactionism符号化symbolization服务阶级service class服务业地理学service , geography of辅助数据分析secondary data analysis抚养比dependency ratio腹地hinterland负担系数dependency ratioG概率地图probability map感应perception隔离segregation隔离指数indices of segregation耕作cultivation耕作类型farming , type of耕作业farming更替率replacement rates更新renewal工具主义instrumentalism工业地理学industrial geography工业革命industrial revolution工业惯性industrial inertia工业化industrialization工业区位论industrial location theory工业区位政策industrial location policy功能主义functionalism供给曲线supply curve公共财政地理学public finance , geography of公共地的悲剧tragedy of the commons公共服务业地理学public services , geography of公共管理地理学public administration , geography of 公共物品public goods公共选择理论public choice theory公共政策地理学public policy , geography of公民权citizenship公正justice共产主义communism共同市场common market共线性collinearity共享资源common pool resources关联性relevance关税tariff观念类型ideal types管制学派regulation school光谱分析spectral analysis规范理论normative theory规划planning规模scale规模经济economics of scale国家state国家二元论dual theory of the state国家公园national parks国家机器state apparatus国民生产总值gross national product (GNP) 国内生产总值gross domestic product (GDP) 过程process过度城市化overurbanization过滤filteringH海洋法law of sea旱作农业dry farming核心—边缘模式core-periphery model核心区域core area合成理论compositional theory合作社cooperative合作主义corporatism黑色经济black economy红线歧视redlining宏观地理学macrogeography后福特主义post-Fordism后工业城市post-industrial city后工业社会post-industrial society后结构主义poststucturalism后马克思主义post-Maxism后现代主义postmodernism后殖民主义postcolonialism厚描thick description互补性complementarity花园城市garden city划分fragmentation划区算法districting algorithm话语discourse环境environment环境感知environmental perception环境决定论environmental determinism ; environmentalism 环境论environmentalism环境审核environmental audit环境影响评价environmental impact assessment环境运动environmental movement环境灾害environmental hazard环境主义environmentalism荒漠化desertification荒野wilderness回归regression会展地理学spectacle , geography of汇总交通模型aggregate travel model混沌chaos混沌概念chaotic conception混合经济mixed economy混合农业mixed farming活动分配模型activity allocation model活动空间activity space霍特林模型Hotelling model或然论probabilism货币地理学money , geography ofJ激进地理学radical geography积极的歧视positive discrimination积累accumulation积累制度regime of accumulation基本供给品merit good基布兹（以色列集体农庄）kibbutz基础设施infrastructure机会成本opportunity cost饥荒famines集合城市conurbation集聚体agglomeration集体collective集体消费collective consumption集约农业intensive agriculture集中化centralization集中化和中心化concentration and centralization 即时生产just-in-time计量革命quantitative revolution计算机辅助制图computer-assisted cartography寄居工人gastarbeitev家庭重构family reconstitution家庭类型family types假说hypothesis价格政策pricing policies价值观values兼职农业part-time farming监测surveillance监督surveillance阶层class阶级class健康与保健地理学health and health care , geography of 交换reciprocity交通travel交通地理学transport geography交易分析transactional analysis郊区suburb校准calibration教育education教育地理学education , geography of街区级变blockbusting结构功能主义structural functionalism结构化理论structraction theory结构马克思主义structural Maxism结构主义structuralism结婚率nuptiality解除管制deregulation解构主义deconstruction解释学hermeneutics进化论Darwinism经济地理学economic geography经济基础infrastructure经济基础理论economic base theory经济人economic man经济一体化形式form of economic integration 经验主义empiricism景观landscape ; landschaft竞争方式genre de vie竞租曲线bid-rent curve敬地情结geopiety救济区zone of depedence聚落settlement聚落连续性settlement continuity距离摩擦friction of distance距离衰减distance decay决策decision-making决定论determinism均衡equilibriumK卡方检验chi square开发development开拓地frontier康德拉季耶夫周期Kondratieff cycles康德主义Kantianism康乐recreation科学园science park可变成本分析variable cost analysis可变收益分析variable revenue analysis可持续发展sustainable development可能论possibilism可修正地域单元问题modifiable areal unit problem 可转移性transferability克里斯塔勒模型Christaller model客籍工人gastarbeitev空间space空间边际spatial margin空间不均衡inequality , spatial空间崇拜spatial fetishism空间费用曲线space cost curve空间分离论spatial separatism空间分析spatial analysis空间结构spatial structure空间经济学space-economy空间科学spatial science空间垄断spatial monopoly空间偏好spatial preference空间的生产production of space空间收益曲线space revenue curve空间相互作用spatial interaction空间性spatiality空间自相关spatial autocorrelation跨国公司transnational corporation扩散diffusionL拉马克主义Lamarck(ian)ism劳动labour劳动分工division on labour劳动过程labour process劳动价值论labour theory of value劳动力市场labour market劳里模型Lowry model勒普拉社会Le Play Society类型数据分析categorical data analysis离散选择模型discrete choice modelling离心力和向心力centrifugal and centripetal forces 理论theory理性选择理论rational choice theory利润面profit surface例外主义exceptionalism历史地理学historical geography历史唯物主义historic materialism联邦制federalism联合主义consociationalism联盟alliance联系linkages连锁linkages连通度connectivity连续占据sequent occupance链式迁移chain migration恋地情结topophilia邻里neighbourhood邻里单元neighbourhood unit邻里效应neighbourhood effect零售业地理学retailing , geography of领地territory领海territorial sea领土territory领土性territoryiality“陆军中尉”研究subaltern studies旅游地理学tourism , geography of绿带green belt绿色革命green revolution逻辑斯蒂模型logit逻辑实证主义logical positivismM马尔可夫过程（或马尔可夫链）Markov processes (or Markov chains ) 马尔萨斯模型Malthusuan model马克思主义地理学Maxist geography马克思主义经济学Maxist economics满意化行为satisfying behaviour蔓延sprawl贸易trade贸易比价terms of trade门户城市gateway city密度梯度density gradient面surface面谈interviewing苗床地区seed bed location民族nation民族方法学ethnomethodology民族国家nation-state民族统一主义irredentism民族性ethnicity民族志ethnography民族主义nationalism模拟simulation模式model模型modelN南--北North-South男性中心主义phallocentrism难民refugees内城inner city内飞地exclave内涵式研究intensive research内在关系internal relations能量energy能源energy逆城市化counterurbanization 逆向法retroduction逆中心化decentralization年鉴学派Annales School年龄与性别结构age and sex structure 农场划分farm fragmentation 农民peasant农田系统field system农业agriculture农业地理学agriculture geography 农业革命agriculture revolution 农业退化agriculture involution 农业综合企业agribusiness奴隶制度slavery女权主义地理学家feminist geographies P帕累托最优Pareto optimality配置allocation批判理性主义critical rationalism皮雷纳命题Pirenne thesis毗连区contiguous zone偏离—份额模型shift-share model贫困poverty贫困的循环cycle of poverty贫民窟slum贫民区slum平等equality平衡邻里balanced neighourhood 平均信息场mean information field 频率分布frequency distribution频数分布frequency distribution剖面cross-sectionQ歧视discrimination企业区enterprise zone迁徙耕种shifting cultivation迁移migration前工业城市preindustrial city欠发达underdevelopment欠消费underconsumption侵入和演替invasion and succession 囚徒困境prisoner’s dilemma区段section区划regionalization区际人口统计population accounts区位布局模型location-allocation model 区位分析location analysis区位理论location theory区位三角形locational triangle区位商location quotient区位相互依赖locational interdependence区域region区域地理学regional geography ; chorology ; chorography 区域公正territorial justice区域阶级联盟regional science区域经济周期regional cycles区域科学regional science区域联盟regional alliance区域趋同regional convergence ; convergence , regional 区域政策regional policy曲面surface趋势面分析trend surface analysis圈地enclosure权力power全球变暖(与温室效应) global warming (and greenhouse effect )全球未来global futures群落communityR人本主义地理学humanistic geography人口变动模型commodity人口地理学commercial geography人口过剩overpopulation人口金字塔population pyramid人口零增长zero population growth (ZPG )人口密度population density人口普查census人口普查区census tract人口潜力population potential人口预测population projection人类地理学anthropogeography人类能动性human agency人类生态学human ecology人类生态学方法错误ecological fallacy人类主观性subjectivity , human , human subjectivity 人类作用human agency人为灾害hazard , human-made人文地理学human geography人种学ethnography认识论epistemology日常城市体系daily urban system瑞利法则Reilly’s lawS扇形模型sectoral model商品commodity商业地理学commercial geography熵entropy熵最大化模型entropy-maximizing models上层建筑superstructure舍贝里模型Sjoberg model社会society社会达尔文主义social Darwinism社会地理学social geography社会反常状态anomie社会福祉social well-being社会公正social justice社会距离social distance社会空间social space社会理论social theory社会区分析social area analysis社会网络social network社会物理学social physics社会形态social formation社会运动social movement社会再生产social reproduction社会指标social indicator社会主义socialism社区community社团societies绅士化gentrification神圣空间与世俗空间sacred and profane space生产production生产地域综合体territorial production complex (TPC) 生产方式mode of production生产力forces of production ; productive forces 生产率productivity生产要素factors of production生产者服务业production services生产综合体production complex生存空间lebensraum生活世界lifeworld生活质量quality of life生命表life table生命周期life-cycle生态系统ecosystem生态学ecosystem生育率fertility实用主义pragmatism实在论realism实证主义positivism识别问题的要领problematic时间地理学time-geography时空会聚time-space convergence时空趋同time-space convergence时空压缩time-space compression时空延展time-space distanciation时空预测模型space-time forecasting model 市场market市场交换market exchange市场潜能模型market potential model市场区分析market area analysis市场指向market orientation市民身份citizenship世界城市world city世界系统分析world-system analysis适度人口optimum population收益revenue收益面revenue surface守护者gatekeepers数据分析data analysis数据库database数量革命quantitative revolution数字化digitizing水利社会hydraulic society私人和公共领域private and public spheres私有化privatization死亡率mortality搜索行为search behaviour酸雨acid rain随机过程stochastic processT泰勒主义Taylorism弹性积累flexible accumulation探索数据分析exploratory data analysis 探险exploration特大城市区megalopolis特殊性idiographic体育地理学sport , geography of天然地区nature调整restructuring通达性accessibility通勤commuting通则性nomothetic同化assimilation同批人cohort统计地图cartogram统计学statistics投入—产出input-output投影projection投资investment投资层次layers of investment突变论catastrophe theory图解法iconography图论graph theory图形能力graphicacy土地改革land reform土地利用调查land use survey土地占有land tenure推动主义boosterism推理inference退出、抱怨和信任exit , voice and loyalty脱离secessionW外部经济external economies外部性externalities外飞地enclave外界externalities外延式研究extensive research网络network微观模拟microsimulation危机crisis韦伯模型Weber model围地enclosure唯心主义idealism维护preservation维也纳学派；维也纳小组Vienna Circle (Wiener Kreis) 温室效应greenhouse effect文本text文化culture文化霸权hegemony , effect文化地理学cultural geography文化景观culture landscape文化区culture area文化生态学culture ecology文化政治学culture politics文化资本culture capital文化核心culture heart文明社会civil society稳定人口stable population问卷questionnaire问题的构成problematic污染pollution无差异曲线indifference curve无地方性placelessness无家可归homelessness无序资本主义disorganize capitalism无政府主义anarchismX习性habitus系统system系统分析system analysis下层阶级underclass下等街区skid row显示偏好分析revealed preference analysis 显著性检验significance text现代化modernization现代性modernity现代主义modernism现象环境phenomenal environment现象学phenomenology线性规划linear programming相关correlation相互依赖interdepedence相互作用interaction乡村rural乡村地理学rural geography乡村规划rural planning乡村社区rural community想当然的世界taken-for-granted world消费地理学consumption, geography of消费者服务业consumer service小农peasent效率effciency效用utility效用理论utility theory心脏地带heartland新城new town新古典经济学neoclassical economics新国际劳动分工new international division of labour (NIDL) 新李嘉图经济学neo-Ricardian economics新殖民主义neocolonialism信息城市information city信息论information theory形态morphology形态测量morphometry形态发生morphogenesis形态学morphology行为空间action space行为behaviour行为地理学behavioural geography行为环境behavioural environment性别与地理学gender and geography性与地理学sexuality and geography性质nature休闲recreation休闲地理学leisure, geography of修辞学rhetoric需求曲线demand curve畜牧pastozalism选举地理学electoral geography学会societies雪带snowbelt循环recyclingY亚细亚生产方式Asiatic model of production 演替succession验证数据分析confirmatory data analysis 阳光带/雪带sunbelt/snowbelt样方quadrat(e)遥感remote sensing野外性wilderness野外工作fieldwork依附dependence依附带zone of dependence一般线性模型general linear model一般系统论general systems theory一体化integration医学地理学medical geography遗产制度inheritance system移动mobility移居diaspora移民劳动力migrant labour意境地图mental map意识形态ideology异化alienation因子分析factor analysis因子复合体compage因子生态学factorical ecology应用地理学applied geography游牧transhumance游牧生活nomadism有序资本主义organize capitalism友邻效应friend-and-neibours effect语言language语言与方言地理学language and dialect, geography 语义（学）差别semantic difference预测forecasting预测寿命life expectancy预算estimate预言predicition原料指向material orientation援助aid运费率freight rate运输成本transport cost运输方式划分modal spilt运输问题transportation problemZ再分配redistribution暂时城市化temporary urbanization增长growth增长的极限limits to growth增长极growth pole增长阶段stages of growth占据occupancy整体论holism正态分布normal distribution证伪falsification政治地理学political geography政治经济学political economy芝加哥学派Chicago School殖民主义colonialism指令经济command economy治安地理学policing , geography of滞后hysteresis中间机会intervening opportunities中心地理论central place theory中心化centralization中心商务区central business district (CBD)中心图学centrography中央计划central planning种植园plantation种族race种族隔离apartheid种族中心主义ethnocentrism种族主义racism重力模型gravity model重商主义模式mercantile model主成分分析principal components analysis (PCA) 主导产品staple主导产品理论staples theory主权sovereignty住房阶层housing class住房研究housing studies专家系统expert systems专题地图thematic map追溯法retrospective approach资本capital资本循环circuit of capital资本主义capitalism资源resource资源管理研究resource management资源管理部门resource management资源评价resource evaluation自发聚落spontaneous settlement自给农业subsistence agriculture自决权self-determination自然nature自然区natural area自然主义naturalism自然资源natural resource自相关autocorrelation自由布局型工业footloose industry自由港free port自由贸易区free trade area宗教地理学religion , geography of纵向课题vertical theme纵向数据分析longitudinal analysis租金rent最佳城市规模optimum city size最近相邻分析nearest neighbour analysis 最小最大化准则maximum criterion最优化模型optimization model。