定语从句讲义(个人精心整理)

一．定语从句定义及相关术语

1.定语从句：修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的

先行词之后。

2.先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。

3.关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。

关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等；

关系副词有when, where, why等。

关系词通常有下列三个作用：A.引导定语从句B.代替先行词,C.在定语从句中担当一个成分二．关系代词表格

例如：（注意关系代词在定语从句中所充当的成分）

① Do you know the professor who/that will give us a speech next week? （作主语）

② I read a report about his new novel that/ which will soon be published. （作主语）

③ The plan that/which they argued about was settled at last. （作宾语）

④ This is the new secretary (who/whom/that) I would like to introduce to you. （作宾语）

⑤ The soldier whose legs were badly wounded was operated on without delay. （作定语）三．6个关系代词的用法

1）关系代词that和which的用法

which, that 在代替物时，一般可以通用。

His father works in a factory that/which makes TV sets.

The coat (which/that) I put on the desk is black.

▲但在有些情况下，只用that

1.先行词是最高级形容词或它的前面有最高级形容词修饰时。

① This is the best way that has been used against pollution.

② English is the most difficult subject that you will learn during these years.

2.先行词是序数词，或它前面有一个序数词时。

① This is the last place (that) I want to visit.

② It is the first American movie of this kind that I’ve ever seen.

3.先行词是all, much, little, something, everything, anything, nothing, none,any, few, little, no, all, much, every等不定代词时。

① You should hand in all that you have.

② We haven’t got much that we can o ffer you.

③The little money (that) he had was stolen.

4.先行词前面有the only, the very,等修饰时。

The only thing that we can do is to give you some money.

5.先行词既有人又有物时。

Do you know the things and persons that they are talking about?

6.主句已有疑问词which时。避免重复使用

Which is the bike that you lost?

7.that 在定语从句中作表语

Mary is no longer the girl that she used to be.

▲不用that的情况

①引导非限定性定语从句时。例如：

He takes exercise everyday, which has done a lot of good to his health.

②介词后不能用。

We depend on the land from which we get our food.

▲有些情况只用which

①引导非限定性定语从句修饰某物或整个句子。

Bruce went towards the fire, which was still smoking.

Tom came back late, which made his parents very angry.

②关系代词作介词的宾语。This is the house in which Lu Xun once lived.

2）关系代词who和whom的用法

who指人，在句中作主语和宾语，作宾语可省略。

Whom指人，在句中只能作宾语，可省略，但在介词后面不能省略。

She has a brother who worked at that factory ten years ago.

The doctor who/whom/that /x she went to the United States with last month is very famous. =The doctor with whom she went to the United States last month is very famous.

3）关系代词whose的用法

⑴ whose是代词的所有格，它既可以代人也可以代物。

① I saw a woman whose bag was stolen.

② Please show me the book whose cover is red.

⑵当whose表示物与物的所有格关系时，亦可用of which的形式。

① The building whose roof you can see from here is a new restaurant.

→ The building, the roof of which you can see from here, is a new restaurant.或

→ The building, of which the roof you can see from he re is a new restaurant.

4）关系代词as的用法

先行词前有such、the same时关系代词用as

I’ve never heard such stories as he tells.

He is not such a fool as he looks.

This is the same dictionary as I lost last week.

5）关系副词的用法

含义相当于\"介词+ which\"结构，因此常常和\"介词+ which\"结构交替使用

关系副词引导的定语从句

① when 指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。

I still remember the day when I first came to this school.

The time when we got together finally arrived.

② where 指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。

Shanghai is the city where I was born.

The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down.

③why 指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语。