认知策略

认知策略：语境

根据上下文里的同（近）义或反义成分

为了避免重复，作者经常用不同的词表达同一个概念或意义。这为我们猜词义提供可很好的线索，请看下面例子：

Mr. Williams bought an estate with a fine brick house in England . He bought a beautiful home with white walls and a pool in Spain .

从例子中可知， Mr. Williams 在 England 买了 house ，在 Spain 又买了home ，这表明 estate 应该就是跟房子有关的，比如“房产”。

练习题：

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1 With the combination of intelligence and manual skill,

people have found ways to use plant and animal resources.

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2 At the least, it explains the greater job stability in Japan ,

in contrast to the great job mobility in America .

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3 Where the American is pressing for a specific decision, the Japanese is trying to devise a rather broad direction.

4 The direction of the meeting is a mutual attempt to reduce

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5 We did not dismiss these people; rather we had them become

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6 When we are together there's no competition; neither of us

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7 One of these days these animals will just vanish from the

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face of the earth and never be seen again.

8 We don't serve anything fancy , just plain, ordinary food. key

根据上下文关联信息的指代关系

根据上下文中的指示代词、连词等功能词，往往能够确定单词与单词之间的关系，从而猜测单词的意思。请看下面例子：

The first animals on this living sphere , the Earth, were primitive marine animals, and then around 500 million years ago these sea animals developed shells.

如果例子中的 sphere 对部分同学来说是生词，那么可以这样去猜测：在 the living sphere 后面有一个词 the Earth, 根据语法分析， the Earth 就是作 the living sphere 的同位语。大家都知道这个词是“地球”的意思，地球是圆的，那么我们可以猜 sphere 应该就是“圆形球体”的意思。请再看

一个例子：

Susan went to the shop and bought some bananas, mangoes, and rambutans.

很有可能这里的 rambutans 对很多同学都是生词。但是从上下文可以断定rambutans 是 Susan 在商店里买的东西之一。另外，连词 and 把 rambutans 与 bananas 和 mangoes 连在一起，说明 rambutans 肯定是与 bananas 和mangoes 相似或对等的东西。 bananas, 和 mangoes

是热带水果，那么 rambutans 是不是热带水果呢？又是百分之百正确。至于是什么水果可以不管。

练习题：

１． The Tokyo Stock Exchange often has between 200 and

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300 million transactions a day. This volume is many

times more than that of the New York Stock Exchange.

２. There are mysterious and strange things going on

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out there.

3. I think it may have something to do with my love of key

remote places, my love of mountains rather than cities.

4. He was under the threat that his aged mother would

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be killed.

根据上下文中的词汇搭配猜词义

词与词之间的搭配不仅有规律，而且搭配的方式也是有限的。比如能够跟在动词 drink 后面的名词为数不多，基本上都是水和饮料之类的东西。如果某个生词紧接在 drink 之后，基本上可以断定这个词表示某种可以喝的东西。当然，也可以根据后面的词猜测前面的词的意思。请看下面的例子：The police's suspicion of Anthony Williams was aroused when they discovered that his deposits in the bank were very large.

这里的 suspicion 对某些学生来说是生词，从上下文很容易猜测它的词义。在这句话里 Suspicion 与 arouse （引起）搭配，警察局对Anthony Williams 的什么被引起了呢？根据后半句知道，警察局发现Anthony Williams 在银行的存款巨大，那应该是对他的资金来源起了怀疑，故“ suspicion ”是“怀疑，嫌疑”的意思。

练习题：

I want to express my gratitude for your support when I was

down. key

Take this medicine and it will ease the pain

key Education should aim to cultivate children's mind to its

utmost potential key Bernard has earned admiration at Westminster with his good

humor.

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