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Surface Structure
CP
C S
NP VP
Det N CP Infl V AP
C S Pst Deg A
NP Infl VP
N Pst V NP
N
The essay that he wrote e was too long
b) The dog that he keeps bites.
Deep structure
Surface Structure
CP
C S
NP VP
N InflV NP
CP
Pst Det N S
C
NP Infl VP
NP NP
N Pst V
N N
Herbert found the man (whom) she loved e
4. The derivations of the following sentences involve the inversion transformation. Give the deep structure and the surface structure trees for each of these sentences.
P NP
Det N
An unusual event occurred before the meeting
3. Each of the following sentences contains a relative clause. Draw the deep structure and the surface structure trees for each of the sentences.
树形图示例
1. Draw phrase structure trees for each of the following sentences.
a) The jet landed. (Pst stands for past tense.)
InflP(=S)
NP Infl VP
Det N Pst V
The jet landed
Surface structure
CP
NP C S
VP
NP PP
NP NP
NN InflV P
N N
what did you e eat e for lunch
InflP(=S)
NP Infl VP
Det A N Pst V PP
P NP
Det A N
A huge moon hung in the black sky
c) An unusual event occurred before the meeting.
InflP(=S)
NP Infl VP
Det A N Pst V PP
a) A frightened passenger landed the crippled airplane.
InflP(=S)
NP Infl VP
Det A N Pst V NP
Det A N
A frightened passenger landed the crippled airplane
b) A huge moon hung in the black sky.
a)Sh源自文库uld the students report the incident?
Deep structure
CP
C S
VP
NP NP
DetN InflV Det N
the students should report the incident
Surface structure
CP
C S
VP
NP NP
N
The dog that he keeps e bites
c) Herbert found the man she loved.
Deep structure
CP
C S
NP VP
N InflV NP
CP
Det N C S
Pst NP Infl VP
NP
N Pst V
N
Herbert found the man she loved who
N NP Infl VP
VP NP
V P N
What will you e talk about e
d) The apple might hit the man.
S
NP VP
Det N Infl V NP
Det N
The apple might hit the man
2. The following sentences contain modifiers of various types. For each sentence, first identify the modifier(s), then draw the tree structures.
a) The essay that he wrote was too long.
Deep structure
CP
C S
NP VP
Infl
Det N CP V AP
Pst
C S Deg A
NP Infl VP
N Pst V NP
N
The essay he wrote that was too long
DetN InflV Det N
should the students e report the incident
b) What did you eat for lunch?
Deep structure
CP
C S
VP
NP PP
NP NP
N InflV P
N N
you did eat what for lunch
CP
C S
NP VP
Det N CP Infl V
C S
Pres
NP Infl VP
N Pres V NP
N
The dog he keeps that bites
Surface Structure
CP
C S
NP VP
Det N CP Infl V
C S
Pres
NP NP Infl VP
NN PresV NP
b) Mary becomes very ill. (Pres stands for present tense.)
InflP(=S)
NP Infl VP
N Pres V AP
Deg A
Mary becomes very ill
c) What will you talk about?
CP
NP C S
CP
C S
NP VP
Det N CP Infl V AP
C S Pst Deg A
NP Infl VP
N Pst V NP
N
The essay that he wrote e was too long
b) The dog that he keeps bites.
Deep structure
Surface Structure
CP
C S
NP VP
N InflV NP
CP
Pst Det N S
C
NP Infl VP
NP NP
N Pst V
N N
Herbert found the man (whom) she loved e
4. The derivations of the following sentences involve the inversion transformation. Give the deep structure and the surface structure trees for each of these sentences.
P NP
Det N
An unusual event occurred before the meeting
3. Each of the following sentences contains a relative clause. Draw the deep structure and the surface structure trees for each of the sentences.
树形图示例
1. Draw phrase structure trees for each of the following sentences.
a) The jet landed. (Pst stands for past tense.)
InflP(=S)
NP Infl VP
Det N Pst V
The jet landed
Surface structure
CP
NP C S
VP
NP PP
NP NP
NN InflV P
N N
what did you e eat e for lunch
InflP(=S)
NP Infl VP
Det A N Pst V PP
P NP
Det A N
A huge moon hung in the black sky
c) An unusual event occurred before the meeting.
InflP(=S)
NP Infl VP
Det A N Pst V PP
a) A frightened passenger landed the crippled airplane.
InflP(=S)
NP Infl VP
Det A N Pst V NP
Det A N
A frightened passenger landed the crippled airplane
b) A huge moon hung in the black sky.
a)Sh源自文库uld the students report the incident?
Deep structure
CP
C S
VP
NP NP
DetN InflV Det N
the students should report the incident
Surface structure
CP
C S
VP
NP NP
N
The dog that he keeps e bites
c) Herbert found the man she loved.
Deep structure
CP
C S
NP VP
N InflV NP
CP
Det N C S
Pst NP Infl VP
NP
N Pst V
N
Herbert found the man she loved who
N NP Infl VP
VP NP
V P N
What will you e talk about e
d) The apple might hit the man.
S
NP VP
Det N Infl V NP
Det N
The apple might hit the man
2. The following sentences contain modifiers of various types. For each sentence, first identify the modifier(s), then draw the tree structures.
a) The essay that he wrote was too long.
Deep structure
CP
C S
NP VP
Infl
Det N CP V AP
Pst
C S Deg A
NP Infl VP
N Pst V NP
N
The essay he wrote that was too long
DetN InflV Det N
should the students e report the incident
b) What did you eat for lunch?
Deep structure
CP
C S
VP
NP PP
NP NP
N InflV P
N N
you did eat what for lunch
CP
C S
NP VP
Det N CP Infl V
C S
Pres
NP Infl VP
N Pres V NP
N
The dog he keeps that bites
Surface Structure
CP
C S
NP VP
Det N CP Infl V
C S
Pres
NP NP Infl VP
NN PresV NP
b) Mary becomes very ill. (Pres stands for present tense.)
InflP(=S)
NP Infl VP
N Pres V AP
Deg A
Mary becomes very ill
c) What will you talk about?
CP
NP C S