必修六Unit1 重点语法及练习

虚拟语气

一、基本含义：虚拟语气表示说话人所说的话不是事实，而是一种假设、愿望、怀疑或推测。 虚拟语气通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示。

二、用法： （一）用于非真实条件句

1. 条件句：

1）真实条件句指假设的情况有可能发生的条件句，用陈述语气。

2）非真实条件句指假设的情况是过去或限制都不存在的，或将来也不大可能发生的，用虚拟语气

e.g. If it rains today, we will not go to the park. (真实条件句)

If it rained today, we will not go to the park. (非真实条件句)

2. if 条件句的主句和从句的谓语动词形式如下：

【学以致用】

（2012 湖南高考）Sorry, I am too busy now. If I ______ time, I would certainly go for an outing with you.

A. have had

B. had had

C. have

D. Had

（二）用于宾语从句

1. 动词wish 后的宾语从句用虚拟语气

wish 后的宾语从句中谓语的形式 例句 与现在事实相反的愿望

动词的过去式(be 用were) I wish that I knew something about programming. 与过去事实相反的愿望

过去完成式 They wish that they hadn ’t told it to us. 将来的愿望 would/could/should/might+V 原 I wish he could come tomorrow.

【学以致用】

(2011 北京高考) —Where are the children? The dinner ’s going to be completely ruined. — I wish they ________ always late.

A. weren ’t

B. hadn ’t been

C. wouldn ’t be

D. wouldn ’t have been

2. 表示主观意愿的动词后，后面宾语从句的谓语动词用“should +动词原形”, should 可省略 如：suggest 建议 require 要求 demand 要求 insist 坚持要求 order/ command 命令

e.g. He suggested that we (should) set a deadline for the completion of the plan.

They require that parking (should) be allowed here. 他们要求允许在此处停车。 He insisted that she fasten her safety belt. 他要求她系好安全带。

注：suggest 表示“表明，暗示”，insist 表示“坚持某一说法”时，后宾语从句用陈述语气。

if 条件句 主句 例句 与现在事

实相反

动词过去式(be 用were) would/could/should/might +V 原 If I were you, I would take an umbrella. (我不是你) If I knew his telephone number, I would tell you. (我不知道) 与将来事

实相反 动词过去式(be 用were) If he came / should come / were to come here tomorrow, I should/ would talk to him. (他来的可能性很小)

should + V 原

were to + V 原

e.g. The look on his face suggested that he was quite satisfied.

他脸上的表情表明他很满意。

He insisted that he had not stolen the car and insisted that he (should)be set free at once.

他坚持说自己没有偷那辆汽车，并坚持要求立刻释放他。

【学以致用】

(2013 陕西高考) My mom suggests that we ________ eat out for a change this weekend.

A. should

B. might

C. could

D. Would

3.would rather后的宾语从句用虚拟语气

现在或将来的愿望would rather +主语

+动词过去式

I would rather he left now.

I would rather he came earlier tomorrow.

与过去事实相反的愿望

would rather+主语

+动词的过去完成式

I would rather I had not lied yesterday.

(事实上昨天撒谎了)

【学以致用】

(2010 江苏高考) George is going to talk about the geography of his country, but I’d rather he _______ more on its culture.

A. focus

B. focused

C. would focus

D. had focused

【即学即练】

1.If I ________ where he lived, I ________ a letter to him.

A. knew; would send

B. had known; would send

B. know; would send D. knew; would have sent

2.I wish I _________ a chance to talk to you last night, but you left so early.

A. have

B. had

C. had had

D. will have

3.If the contest ________ tomorrow, I would probably go to see it.

A. is to take place

B. were to take place

C. was taken place

D. would take place

4.She required at the meeting that measures _______ to protect the environment which we rely on

to live.

A. should take

B. must take

C. could be taken

D. be taken

5.Grace doesn’t want to move to New York because she thinks if she ________ there, she wouldn’t

be able to see her parents very often.

A. lives

B. would live

C. has lived

D. were to live

6.Tom is very short now. His mother wishes that he _______ tall when he grows up.

A. would have been

B. were

C.would be

D. had been

7. His pale face suggests that he ______ seriously ill. I suggest that he ______ a doctor immediately.

A. is; see

B. should be; saw

C. is; must see

D. should be; sees

8.—She looks upset. —Yes, I’d rather I _______ her bad news.

A. didn’t tell

B. don’t tell

C. hadn’t told

D. wouldn’t tell

9.If it were not for the fact that you ________busy now, I would ask you for help.

A. were

B. are

C. would be

D. had been

10.When do you suggest ________?

A. the patient be operated on

B. should the patient be operated on

C. the patient could be operated on

D. could the patient be operated on