雅思阅读同义词替换(剑桥雅思5)
雅思阅读同义替换词大总结
雅思阅读中同义替代词大总结1.限制： limit, restrict, confine, define, narrow, tighten, constrict, cap,narrow(v.):个大家从前使用的候一般都是作形容来用，里下它的的用法。
. We are working on narrowing the gap between our points of view.小差距. We’re working to narrow down the list of possible suspects.. The smoking causes the same diseases in women as in men and the gap between their death rates isnarrowing.define (v.):个大家从前熟习的意思是⋯⋯下定,个意思和限制其实不矛盾，什么叫下定？就是描述出一个事物的廓，因此定就是在一个定的范内一个事物限制的特定的意思。
（define的英文解：If you define something, you show, describe, or state clearly what it is and what its limits are,or what it is like）. The Supreme Court decision could define how far Congress can go in trying to determine the outcomeof court cases.cap (n./v.):个最常用的意思是帽子的意思，作限制的意思再形象不了。
. The government has placeda cap on local council spending.snow-capped mountains充信息：魔世界（ WOW）的料片燃的征（TBC）推出的候，在官网上就有么句：An increase in the level cap to 70大家不如领会下句中的cap 的意思在 NBA里面就有工帽种法（工帽的概念 1984 年被引入， NBA盟和球工会之第一行判，只有两方赞同，工帽才被正式宣布。
雅思阅读同义词替换
雅思阅读中的同义词替换汇总1abandon, desert, forsake, leave, give up 动词，均有“放弃”之意2ability, capacity, capability, genius, talent, competence, faculty, gift, aptitude ，名词，均有“能力”之意3able, capable, competent，形容词，均有“有能力的”之意4abolish, cancel, repeal，动词，均有“取消，废止”之意5absorb, suck, digest, incorporate，动词，均有“吸收”之意6absurd, ridiclous，形容词，均有“荒唐的，可笑的”意思7abundant, plentiful, ample8accident, incident, event, occurrence, happening，名词，有“事件”之意9 accompany, conduct, attend, escor，动词，均有“陪同，伴随”之意10 accordingly, consequently, hence, so, therefore, thus连接副词，均有“因此，所以”之意。
11 account, repor，名词，有“报道，叙述”之意。
12 accumulate, amass, collect, gather, heap, pile，动词，“积聚，聚集，积累”13 accurate, exact, precise, right, true, correct，形容词，“准确的，正确的”14 accuse, charge，动词，“指控、谴责”。
15ache, pain, sore，名词，均含有“疼、疼痛”之意。
16acknowledge, admit, confess, recognize, concede，动词，均含“承认”之意。
雅思同义词替换(剑鸭5)
Cambridge5TEST11.produce=develop=manufacture生产v.2.central=middle中心的adj.3.did not have=without没有v.4.bring=confer=award=present=grant=confer=allocate=offer 带来v.5.time limit=deadline时间限制，期限n.6.increase=goup/rise=grow=climb=gain=escalate=expand=pickup=widen=intensify=build up增加7.assistant=helper=coach助手n.8.immense=big=major=considerable=great=huge/enormous=treme ndous=large scale/large-scale巨大的adj.9.illustrate=show=be a sign=demonstrate=mean=makeclear=reflect=tell=be evidence=reveal表明，显示v.10.quotation=a phrase or sentence that is well-known or often used引用语n.11.predecessor=someone who had your job before you started doing it前辈，前任n.12.rival=a person,group,or organization that you compete with in sport,business,a fight etc=competitor对手，竞争者n.13.distraction=something that stops you paying attention to what you are doing分心的事物n.14.fault=defect=problem=trouble=flaw=weakness=bug=virus=be something wrong with错误，缺点15.cornerstone=basis=foundation=the key基石n.16.confer=award=present=grant=allocate给予v.17.stability=the condition of being steady and not changing稳定n.18.prevail=win=come out on top=prevail=carry the day流行,获胜v.19.contract=agreement=understanding=compromise合约n.20.grant=award=present=confer=allocate给予v.21.fascinate=if someone or something fascinates you,you are attracted to them and think they are extremely interesting吸引，使着迷v.22.disturb=interrupt=bother=distract=put somebody off打扰v.23.expect=think=anticipate预期，期待v.24.psychology=the study of the mind and how it influences people's behavior心理学n.25.obey=comply with=abide by=keep to=stick to therules=conform to=observe=respect=toe the line=go by thebook/do something by the book服从，顺从v.26.identity=someone's identity is their name or who they are 身份n.27.severity=used of the degree of something undesirable严重性n.28.unfold=open=happen=develop=expand展开，发生v.29.deliberately=intentionally=on purpose=purposely故意地adv.30.moral=relating to the principles of what is right and wrong behavior,and with the difference between good and evil道德上的，与道德有关的adj.31.prior to=before=previous在…前面32.repetition=doing or saying the same thing many times重复n.33.genetic=relating to genes or genetics基因的，遗传学的adj.34.sacrifice=when you decide not to have something valuable, in order to get something that is more important牺牲v.35.victim=someone who has been attacked,robbed,or murdered受害者n.36.forge=form=counterfeit形成;伪造v.37.persuade=convince=win over=talk around说服v.38.surrender=give in投降，放弃v.39.extinct=an extinct type of animal or plant does not exist anymore=disappear=vanish灭绝的，绝种的adj.40.abundant=plenty=ample充裕的，丰富的adj.41.exaggerate=overstate夸张，夸大v.42.phenomenon=something that happens or exists in society, science,or nature,especially something that is studied because it is difficult to understand现象n.43.perception=idea=notion=view=belief=insight认识，观念，看法n.44.impression=infection=effect=influence=affection印象，感想n.45.entitle=to give someone the official right to do or have something使某人有权利/资格v.46.distortion=a change for the worse=deformation扭曲，曲解v.47.dispose=to arrange things or put them in theirplaces=arrange=settle=manage=cope with=deal with安排，处理v.48.intuition=the ability to understand or know something because of a feeling rather than by considering the facts=instinct直觉n.49.emission=a gas or other substance that is sent into the air 排放物，散发物n.50.diminish=reduce=decrease=fall=lessen=cut减少，减小v.51.postpone=put back=delay=adjourn延期，推迟v.52.crucial=important=critical=vital=necessary=essential至关重要的adj.53.pessimistic=expecting that bad things will happen in the future or that something will have a bad result=getting worse悲观的adj.54.attempt=purpose=order=effort尝试，努力Cambridge5TEST21.similar=like=resemble相似的adj.2.derive=originate=come from=stem from起源v.3.impetus=momentum=stimulus=incentive=motivation=encouragem ent动机，动力n.4.generate=produce=bring into existence=make=manufacture 产生v.5.couple with=and=accompany=with伴随v.6.factor=reason=element=component=ingredient因素n.7.unique=have thedistinction=distinct=different=extraordinary=special独特的adj.8.advance=progress=development=growth=increase进步n.9.field=domain=territory=industry=sector领域n.10.alternative=substitute=replacement替代物n.11.like=such as=for example=for instance例如12.resource=material=source资源，来源n.13.limited=restricted=exhaustible=finite有限的adj.14.involve=rely on=contain=comprise包含，牵涉v.15.current=modern=recent=present最近的adj.16.particular=extraordinary=special=detail=specific=unique特别的，独有的adj.17.draw on=absorb=do with吸收v.18.settle on=make choice of=decide on选定v.19.superiority=advantage=edge=high quality优势n.20.accompany=when=keep company=be associated with陪伴，伴随v.21.view=belief=opinion=insight=perception观点n.22.artificial intelligence=reasoning in machine人工智能n.23.involve with=associate with=link to=relate to与…有关联v.24.release=issue=launch=convey=public=deliver发行，发表v.25.difficult=demanding=hard=tough困难的adj.26.task=job=work=labour任务，工作n.27.instantly=rapidly=immediately立即地adv.28.react=respond反应v.29.relate to=depend on=link to=associate with=involve with 与…有关系v.30.subject views=outlook=personal/individualviews=personal/individual opinions主观观点n.31.distort=to change the appearance,sound,or shape of something so that it is strange or unclear;to report something in a way that is not completely true or correct=misinterpret扭曲，歪曲v.32.figure out=settle=decide=tell=understand理解，想出v.33.assessment=appraisal=evaluation=estimate=judgment评估，估计v.34.emerge=appear=come forth出现v.35.remain=keep=stay=maintain保持v.36.exploitation=development=utilization=usage利用，使用n.37.foster=cultivate=raise=nurture培养，养育v.38.overtake=catch up=sweep over赶上，压倒v.39.initial=original=premier最初的，开始的adj.40.whereas=however=while=nevertheless=but=yet然而，但是adv.Cambridge5TEST31.outcome=product=result=conclusion=consequence结果，后果n.2.overcome=win=get over=exceed克服，战胜v.3.insufficient=deficient=shortage=lack=scarcity不足的adj.4.supply=provide=furnish=give提供v.unch=release=project=send=shot=emit开始，投放v.6.suppose=expect=imagine=guess=speculate=think猜想，设想v.7.detect=perceive=explore=sense发觉，觉察v.8.handicap=difficult=obstacle=hindrance=bar=deterrent障碍，困难n.9.peer=the people who are at the same age as you,or who have the same type of job,social class etc.同龄人，伙伴n.10.positive=optimistic=uplifting积极的adj.11.administer=manage=conduct=implement=perform执行，管理v.12.funding=money=funds=financial resource资金，基金n.13.interact=if people interact with each other,they talk to each other,work together etc.互动v.14.irrigation=the supplement of land or crops with water灌溉n.15.sedimentation=the natural process by which small pieces of rock,earth etc settle at the bottom of the sea etc and form a solid layer积淀n.16.interrupt=break=violate=cut in打断，打扰v.17.process=procedure=method=approach过程n.18.threat=danger=intimidation威胁n.19.valuable=precious=worthy宝贵的，珍贵的adj.20.construct=build=make=found建造v.21.blame=to say or think that someone or something is responsible for something bad责备，怪罪v.22.stimulate=encourage=activate=motivate鼓励，刺激v.23.long-term=long-run=long-period长期的adj.24.impact=affect=influence=effect影响v.&n.25.occur=happen=exist=come发生v.26.contain=include=cover=possess包含v.itary=battlefield=martial军事的adj.28.separate=disparate=distinct=different分开的，不同的adj.29.vanish=extinct=disappear消失v.30.consciousness=awareness意识n.31.ignite=light=inflame点燃v.32.encompass=include=contain=cover包含，围绕v.33.reckon=think=suppose=believe=imagine=expect=feel认为v.34.widespread=universal=extensive=popular=general广泛的，普遍的adj.unch=coin=project=release=issue创新，开辟v.36.contemporary=modern-day,present-day同时代的adj.37.potential=possible=underlying=likely=expected=latent潜在的，可能的adj.38.prospect=expectation=outlook=chance展望，希望n.39.perception=idea=insight=viewpoint感觉，领悟n. Cambridge5TEST4munity=organization=group=body团体n.2.fragile=delicate脆弱的adj.3.remote=distant遥远的adj.4.require=desire=order=command要求v.5.inhabitant=resident=dweller居住者，居民n.6.consequently=thus=accordingly=hence=therefore=as a result结果，因此adv.7.destination=goal=end point=terminus目的地n.8.throughout=around=wholly=everywhere=end-to-end自始至终，到处，全部adv.9.operate=act=run运转v.10.output=product输出，产品n.11.decline=reduction=fall=slump=decrease=recession下降n.12.undermine=destroy=damage=hurt=ruin破坏v.13.revive=renaissance复兴v.14.unusual=rare=strange=uncommon罕见的，不寻常的adj.15.ordinary=standard=common=usual=general普通的,平常的adj.16.fragment=shard=debris=pieces=ruins碎片n.17.break=shatter=crack打碎，打破v.18.interior=inner layer=inside内部的n.&adj.19.insist=claim=argue=believe=think坚持，坚称v.20.expand=extend=grow=boom=spread out=enhance扩张，扩大v.21.suppress=control=restrain=repress=putdown=oppress=inhibit=ban=forbid=stifle压制v.22.speed up=increase speed=quicken up=accelerate speed加速v.23.examine=analyse=survey=inspect=study=detect=investigate检查，调查v.24.dispute=debate=controversy=disagree=argue争论，争执n.&v.25.detect=analyse=explore=research=survey=investigate=inspect察觉，发现v.26.claim=say=state=insist=argue=think=believe声称v.27.cue=implication=reminder=hint=evidence提示，信号，暗号n.28.unpredictable=fluctuate=changeable无法预测的adj.29.be referred to as=be known as=be regarded as被称为30.encourage=induce=trigger=stimulate=boost=inspire鼓励，促使v.31.considerable=plenty=big=major=important数量可观的adj.32.regardless of=despite of=take no notice of不管，不顾33.adequate=plenty=proper=appropriate=suitable充足的,适当的adj.34.assure=makesure=guarantee=ensure=insure=secure=make certain of保证，确保v.35.suitable=appropriate=proper=adequate=matching合适的adj.。
雅思阅读同义词替换介绍整理
让知识带有温度。
雅思阅读同义词替换介绍整理雅思阅读同义词替换介绍1. outcome=product=result=conclusion=consequence 结果，后果n.2. overcome=win=get over=exceed克服，战胜v.3. insufficient=deficient=shortage=lack=scarcity不足的adj.4. supply=provide=furnish=give 供应v.5. launch=release=project=send=shot=emit 开头，投放v.6. suppose=expect=imagine=guess=speculate=think猜想，设想v.7. detect=perceive=explore=sense发觉，觉察v.8. handicap=difficult=obstacle=hindrance=bar=deterrent 障碍，困难n.9. peer=the people who are at the same age as you, or who have the same type of job, social class etc.同龄人，伙伴n.10. positive=optimistic=uplifting 乐观的adj.11. administer=manage=conduct=implement=perform执行，管理v.12. funding=money=funds=financial resource 资金，基金n.第1页/共2页千里之行，始于足下。
13. interact=if people interact with each other, they talk to each other, work together etc. 互动v.14. irrigation=the supplement of land or crops with water 浇灌n.15. sedimentation=the natural process by which small pieces of rock, earth etc settle at the bottom of the sea etc and form a solid layer 积淀n.【雅思阅读同义词替换介绍】文档内容到此结束，欢迎大家下载、修改、丰富并分享给更多有需要的人。
剑桥雅思阅读替换同义词最全
剑桥雅思阅读替换同义词雅思阅读题目出题的本质是三种替换：同义词/词组替换，句型替换，语法替换，笔者将从这三方面根据学生课堂笔记进行分类整理。
以下是剑桥真题中的考点词,替换词,一次多义总结：1.rigid/stiff/unchanged/little change僵硬的，一成不变的2.significant/enormous/dramatic/tremendous/appreciably/remarkable/crucial/巨大的,明显的，程度大的/substantial3.approximately 将近-nearly, almost4.proportion/percentage 比例5.be involved (in)/involve in/involvement[n.]涉及，卷入，参与6.given/considering , in regard to/despite/although有鉴于、考虑到，尽管6.induce [v] 引入，引导，引诱/inductive [n] 归纳>< deduce/deductive推断7.fortune/destiny/chances8.deplete 开采完，耗尽/exhaust–exhaust emission (尾气)排放/exploitplex 错综复杂的/complicated/sophisticated老奸巨滑的，复杂的10.capacity能力，容量/competence（竞争）能力/ability能力（笼统的）11.确保，保障：Secure-security/ensure (insure)/guarantee 押金12.solely/merely/only13.a vast arrayof 系列/a great variety of 花样，品种/a great rang 系列of14.pesticide 杀虫/suicide 自杀/homicide/murder杀人15.believe/assume(responsibility)/suppose16.授权，委托：authorize/commission 佣金/entitle 头衔+ment =right （权利）17.purchase/buy18. ethnic 种族的/ethic 伦理，道德的+ s =[n]19. modify/change [v] shift work 轮班工作[n]20. insight/knowledge/learning/understanding/knowing21.constrain拘泥，限制/restrict 限制/limit22.circumstance 环境（社会）/surroundings/environment 环境（环保）背景background 后台/settings后台，布景/context 上下文（文章中）23.notorious 臭名昭著的/flagrant臭的><fragrant 香的24.移民：immigrant (进来)/emigrant(出去)/migrant25.兴旺，繁荣；prosperous/thriving/booming（人口，行业）/flourishing26.神圣的：divine/heavenly/holy/sacred27.有毒的：poisonous/toxic ( in-, non- 无毒的)28.致命的：deadly/fatal/lethal/mortal29.类似于：look like/resemble30. chronic长期的,慢性的— long-term长期的31.网恋：virtuallove/cyber love32.网友：on-line/net/cyberfriend上网（聊天）chat on line/go on-line cyber café/网吧33.evolve-evolution进化/revolute-revolution 革命，旋转/involve-involution 卷入，涉及34. indicator/predictor表示诠释，预测35.indicate/demonstrate/display/exhibit/betray36.therapist/expert/specialist37. 优点，长处，美德：advantage/merit/virtue/length38. commonest/frequent39. 未开发的，初级的：rudimentary/underdeveloped40. 退化：degenerate/-tion [n] ->generate 生产，制造/degrade->grade 等级/deteriorate 恶化，每况愈下41. 分类：category-categorize/class-classify42.consequence后果->影响/subsequence紧跟其后/sequence=order秩序/frequency频率43.clash冲突（民族，种族）/crash 飞机坠毁44. substitution=> substitute sth for sb/replace45.alternative=> 选择性，代替性，辅助性46.孤立：isolate/alienate/insulate隔绝，排外，孤立->be alien to/insulate (-ior)绝缘，隔（体）47．缺点，不足之处：defect/flaw/failing/disadvantage/drawback48.创新的，发明的，新颖的，创新的：inventive (-tion)/innovative(-tion)/creative(-tion)/ingenious (ity)/novel (-ty)=>[n]/creative/revolutionary (易错拼写：environment/convenient)49．neutral中立的，中性的/negative 否定，消极，阴性的/positive 肯定，积极，阳性的50．ambiguous->ambiguity模棱两可的，暧昧的/obscuremunicate 沟通，传达52.accommodate1供...食宿，2=adapt to 适应，调整，3=hold 容纳，4使…停靠mitment1 ~ to sth. 奉献2责任,义务54．contribute to 导致~ result in/account for(占据)导致54.缺乏的，不足的：inadequate/insufficient/deficient/lack (of)/short(of)55.强调：emphasize/stress/highlight/focus on/concentrate明显的：apparently 显而易见的/patently道貌岸然的/obviously=>evidently56.对…怀疑：(be)/skeptical/skeptical/dubious/suspicious (about/of)57.缺点，缺陷：drawback/fault/defect/imperfection/failing/weakness/shortcoming/flaw58.臭命昭著的：notorious->notoriety/flagrant/smelly/odorous59.机构，组织：association/structure/organization60.超过：exceed/surpass61.岩浆：molten rock/lava/magma62.语言：linguist ~学家/lingual和~有关的/bilingual/双语63.多种多样的：diversity/variety/breed/speciesbreed：[n]品种，[v]繁殖，培养，引起，造成64.dialect 方言accent腔调65.开始的，初步的：begin/launch/initial (-ly) [v]首字母，开始的/initiate开始，发动>initiative 原创性= origin66.贫穷：poor/in poverty/impoverished（被剥夺财产的）67.杰出：eminence (-t)/prominence(-t)/unusual68.gene/genetic defect ~缺陷/anatomy解剖/conceive构思，怀孕/deliver分娩69.辅助性：alternative补充性/therapist70.演绎，推理：deduce->deductive/inferential >< induce 引导，引入，归纳-> induction归纳71.令人困惑的：bewildering/puzzling/perplexing72.apply：紧靠，涂，将…应用于，适用，专心致力于，献身于73.subsidize辅助/subsidy补助，补贴/subsidiary74.a factor in sth/depend on sth75.be preferred by/choice76.attitude to/how77.the present century/modernsociety78.broad/great79.in term of 按照，在…方面，关于/with regard to, in spiteof 不顾，尽管80. small-scale 小范围/marginal边缘处的81. physical/medical82.negotiation/agreement 谈判，洽谈/商定，协议83.evolve/develop84.apartment/accommodation 公寓/住房85.virtual (love)/simulate模拟的（网恋）/模拟86.catastrophe/disaster 大灾难/灾难，不幸87.innovate/invent 革新，创新/发明，创造sculpture/craft 雕刻，雕塑/工艺88.exorbitant/expensive 过度的，极高的/费用大的，昂贵的89. be participant in/take part in/participate inbour[美，澳]/work91.attend to/take care of92.dual employment/dual-worker双职工（家庭）93.indicate/predict 指示，表明，象征/预料，预言A major contributorto/becentral to 来源，起点/是…的主要，中心原因94.expert/therapist 专家，能手；知识丰富的/某个专科的专家95.lead to/be associated with 相联系（带来…的好处）96.balanced/equitable平等的97.handicap/disabled/primitive 残疾的，落后的98. could not-and cannot/hasalways been unable to by/from99.benefit/advantage100.substantialinfluence/greater likelihood101.agree on/define102.considereddesirable/effectiveness103.masquerade/(in) disguise伪装104.insignificant/didn’t seriously 不重要/不严重的105.inspect/examine审核,检查106．caliber/criterion 标准107．no-one know>< notorious无人知晓><臭名昭著的108．dissatisfy/argue 不满意/厌恶，讨厌109.pessimism/negative/blue >< optimistic 悲观的，忧郁的>< 乐观的110.unsatisfactory/hardly belooked upon111.identify/define恒星英语论坛112.turn… into/become113.urban/rural/suburban114.demolish/knock down/dismantle 毁坏，拆毁（建筑物）/敲，打115.migration/move 迁移/移动116.pay/charge sb for向某人…猛攻，充电，负责，付费，控诉117.separate/split 分开，使隔绝，提取/分，劈开118.fascination/attraction (-e:[v]) 迷住，吸引住119.notrequire/unnecessary 不需要/不必要120.decode/decipher 译解（密码），解释121.delay/drawback= disadvantage 耽误，延迟/欠缺，弊端122.association/organization 机构，关联/组织123.recent/current/nowadays/present 最近的/现代的/当今的/现在124.intensiveburst/explosiverelease 强烈的爆发/爆炸性的释放125.recognized/identified 承认，识别，认可/识别，鉴别126.aim to/focus on 针对，目标，打算/集中127.link…to/lead to连接/导致，通向128. inadequate (diet)/deficiency (in trace minerals) 不充分，不适当的/缺乏，不足129.basic/fundamental基础的，基本的130.seize/catch 捕捉，抓住131.fatal/lethal 致命的132.success on/running on 成功133.costly/be related by有关系的134.be obtained in/be derivedin 获得，流行，通用/由…产生，起源于135.high-income/wealthy 高收入的/富裕的136.be alike/be similar to 相同的，相似的137.indicate/show显示，指出，象征138. eliminate/lessen >< 消除/减少139. not risensignificantly/stagnate 停滞不前的140.salary/wage 工资：总称/蓝领的141.create/gain创造，造成/获得，增加efficiently/increased productivity 有效率的/上升的生产率142.economy/financial 经济143.administration/management144.(be) sympathetic/understand 同情的，赞同/理解145.introduce/involve 引入/卷入146.change/different来源:恒星英语网147.die>< exist死亡><存在148.almost/approximately149.be out of date/bedeveloped150.solve/reduce 减少151.famous/eminent152.barrier/hurdle153.higher position/top post154.Advantage: virtue, merit,benefit , positive aspect, strength, 好处,优点,长处155.Disadvantage: weakness,failing, weakness, defect, drawback, negative aspect,fault不利,缺点,缺陷156.Casual: arbitrary, unplanned, unexpected,随意的157.Effective: efficient, effectual, fruitful, productive,valid多效的158.Criticize: reproach, blame, 批评159.Flaw: weakness, defect缺点160.Ability; capability, power, caliber能力161.Dishonest: deceptive不诚实的162.Fair: equitable, equal, impartial, 公平的163.Success: achievement,feat成功来源:恒星英语网164.Reason:factor, contributor, origin, 原因165.Result: outcome, consequence,implication结果166.Result from: arise from, originate from, be due to, thanksto, 由于，因为167.Give rise to: contribute to, lead to, result in, cause, breed,create, incur导致168.Disaster: catastrophe 灾难169.Pollute: contaminate污染170.Poisonous: toxic 有毒的171.Decrease; fall, drop, plunge, decline,step back, downward, minimize, abate 下降172.Increase: rise, go up, surge,grow, 上升173.Growing: increasing, rising, 上升的。
雅思阅读同义词替换总结
名师：雅思阅读同义词替换（一）1. important =crucial (extremelyimportant),significant(amount or effect large enough to be important)mon=universal, ubiquitous(if something is ubiquitous, it seems to be everywhere)3.abundant=ample(enough and usually extra), plentiful(enough for people's needs and wants)4.stick=adhere, cling(hold on something tightly)5.neglect=ignore.(difference: neglect means someone has not paid enough attention to something; ignore means no attention.)6.near=adjacent(twothings next to each other), adjoin(the same as adjacent)7.pursue=woo(man woos woman, old-fashioned), seek(if you seek sth, you try to obtain it. FORMAL)8.accurate=precise(precise is exact and accurate in all details), exact(correct in every detail)9.vague=obscure(unknown or known by only a few people)10.top=peak, summitpetitor=rival, opponent(especially in sports and politics)12.blame=condemn(if you condemn something, you say it is very bad and unacceptable)13.opinon=perspective, standpoint(means looking at an event or situation in a particular way)14.fame=prestige(describe those who are admired), reputation15.build=erect(you can erect something as buildings, FORMAL), establish16.insult=humiliate(do something or say something which makes people feel ashamed or stupid)plain=grumble (complain something in a bad-tempered way)18.primary=radical (very important and great in degree), fundamental19.relieve=alleviate(alleviate means you make pain or sufferings less intense or severe)20.force=coerces into(coerce means you make someone do something s/he does not want to),compel21.enlarge=magnify(magnify means make something larger than it really is)plex=intricate(if something is intricate, it often has many small parts and details)23. Lonely=solitary (if someone is solitary, there is no one near him/her24.small=minuscule(very small), minute,25.praise=extol(stronger than praise), compliment(polite and political)26.hard-working=assiduous(someone who is assiduous works hard or does things very thoroughly27.difficult=arduous(if something is arduous, it is difficult and tiring, and involves a lot of efforts)28.poor(soil)=barren, infertile(used to describe the soil is so poor that plants cannot be planted on it)29.fragile=brittle, vulnerable(someone who is vulnerable is easily hurt emotionally or physically)30.show=demonstrate (to demonstrate a fact means tp make it clear to people.)41.surprise=startle(it means surprise you slightly), astound(surprise you to a large degree),astonish(the same as astound)42.enthusiasm=zeal (a great enthusiasm), fervency (sincere and enthusiasm)43.quiet=tranquil(calm and peaceful), serene(calm and quiet)!44.expensive=exorbitant(it means too expensive that it should be)45.luxurious=lavish(impressive and very expensive), sumptuous(grand and very expensive46.boring=tedious(if you describe something tedious, you mean it is boring and frustrating)47.respect=esteem(if you esteem someone, you respect and admire him/her. FORMAL)48.worry=fret(if you fret about something, you worry about it)49.cold=chilly(unpleasantly cold), icy(extremely cold)50.hot=boiling(very hot)51.dangerous=perilous(very dangerous, hazardous(dangerous, especially to people's safety and health)52.nowadays=currently53.only=unique(the only one of its kind), distinctive;54.stop=cease(if something ceases, it stops happening or existing)55.part=component(the components of something are the parts that it is made of)56.result=consequence(the results or effects of something)57.obvious=apparent, manifest58.basedon=derived fromcan see or notice them very easily)60.quite=fairly61.pathetic=lamentable(very uncomfortable and disappointing)62.field=domain(a particular field of thought, activities or interest)63.appear=emerge(come into existence)64.whole=entire(the whole of something)865.wet=moist(slightly wet), damp(slightly wet), humid(very damp and hot)66.wrong=erroneous(incorrect or partly correct)67.difficult=formidable68.change=convert(change into another form)69.typical=quintessential(this word means represent a typical example of something)70.careful=cautious(very careful in order to avoid danger), prudent(careful and sensible)71.ability=capacity, capability(the same as ability)72.strange=eccentric(if some one is eccentric, s/he behaves in a strange way, or his/her opinion is different from most people)73.rich=affluent(if you are affluent, you have a lot of money)e= utilize (the same as use)75.dubious=skeptical(if you are skeptical about something, you have doubts on it.)76.satisfy=gratify (if you are gratified by something, it gives you pleasure and satisfaction)77.short=fleeting, ephemeral(if something is ephemeral, it lasts a short time)78.scholarship=fellowship79.angry=enraged(extremely angry)80.smelly=malodorous(used to describe an unpleasant smell)81.ugly=hideous(if something is hideous, it is very ugly or unattractive)82.attractive=appealing(pleasing and attractive),absorbing(something absorbing can attract you a great deal)83.diverse=miscellaneous(a miscellaneousgroups consists of many different kinds of things)84.disorder=disarray, chaos85.crazily=frantically(used to describe someone who behaves in a wild and uncontrolled way)86.rapid=meteoric(ATTENTION: meteoric is only used to describe someone achieves success quickly)87.ordinary=mundane(very ordinary and not at interesting or unusual)88.despite=notwithstanding(FORMAL)89.best=optimal(used to describe the best level something can achieve)/90.sharp=acute(severe and intense)91.unbelievable=inconceivable(ifyou deem something inconceivable, you think it very unlike to happen ^92.puzzle=perplex(something perplex someone means it confuses and worries him/her because he/she does not understand it)93.method=avenue(away of getting something done)94.famous=distinguished(used to describe people who are successful in their career)95.ancient=archaic(extremely old and extremely old-fashioned)96.decorate=embellish(embellish means make something look more attractive via decorating it with something else)/97.possible=feasible(if something is feasible, it can be done, made or achieved)98.so=consequently, accordingly99.rare=infrequent (doesn’t happen often 100.greedy=rapacious(greedy and selfish)。
同义词替换
1.rigid/ stiff/ unchanged/ little change 僵硬的，一成不变的2.significant/enormous/dramatic/tremendous/appreciably/remarkable/crucial/ 巨大的,明显的，程度大的/substantial3.approximately 将近-nearly, almost4.proportion/ percentage 比例5.be involved (in)/ involve in/ involvement [n.] 涉及，卷入，参与6.given/ considering , in regard to / despite/ although 有鉴于考虑到，尽管6.induce [v] 引入，引导，引诱/ inductive [n] 归纳>< deduce /deductive推断7.fortune/ destiny/ chances8.deplete 开采完，耗尽/ exhaust –exhaust emission (尾气)排放/ exploitplex 错综复杂的/ complicated/ sophisticated 老奸巨滑的，复杂的10.capacity能力，容量/ competence （竞争）能力/ ability 能力（笼统的）11.确保，保障：Secure-security/ ensure (insure)/ guarantee 押金12.solely/ merely/ only13.a vast array of 系列/ a great variety of 花样，品种/ a great rang 系列of14.pesticide 杀虫/ suicide 自杀/ homicide/ murder杀人15.believe/ assume (responsibility)/ suppose16.授权，委托：authorize/ commission 佣金/ entitle 头衔+ ment =right （权利）17.purchase/ buy18. ethnic 种族的/ ethic 伦理，道德的+ s =[n ]19. modify/ change [v] shift work 轮班工作[n]20. insight/knowledge/ learning/ understanding/ knowing21.constrain拘泥，限制/ restrict 限制/ limit22. circumstance 环境（社会）/ surroundings/ environment 环境（环保）背景background 后台/ settings后台，布景/ context 上下文（文章中）23.notorious 臭名昭著的/ flagrant臭的><fragrant 香的24.移民：immigrant (进来)/ emigrant(出去)/migrant25.兴旺，繁荣；prosperous/ thriving/ booming（人口，行业）/flourishing26.神圣的：divine/ heavenly/ holy/ sacred27.有毒的：poisonous/ toxic ( in-, non- 无毒的)28.致命的：deadly/ fatal/ lethal/ mortal29.类似于：look like/ resemble30. chronic长期的,慢性的— long-term 长期的31.网恋：virtual love/ cyber love32.网友：on-line /net/ cyber friend上网（聊天）chat on line/ go on-line cyber café/网吧33.evolve-evolution 进化/ revolute-revolution 革命，旋转/ involve-involution 卷入，涉及34. indicator/ predictor 表示诠释，预测35.indicate/ demonstrate/ display/exhibit/betray36. therapist /expert/ specialist37. 优点，长处，美德：advantage/ merit/ virtue/ length38. commonest/ frequent39. 未开发的，初级的：rudimentary/ underdeveloped40. 退化：degenerate/ -tion [n] ->generate 生产，制造/ degrade ->grade 等级/ deteriorate 恶化，每况愈下41. 分类：category-categorize/ class-classify42. consequence后果->影响/ subsequence紧跟其后/ sequence=order秩序/ frequency频率43.clash 冲突（民族，种族）/crash 飞机坠毁44. substitution=> substitute sth for sb /replace45.alternative=> 选择性，代替性，辅助性46.孤立：isolate/ alienate/insulate隔绝，排外，孤立->be alien to/insulate (-ior) 绝缘，隔热（体）47．缺点，不足之处：defect/ flaw/ failing/ disadvantage /drawback48.创新的，发明的，新颖的，创新的：inventive (-tion)/ innovative (-tion)/ creative (-tion)/ ingenious (ity)/novel (-ty) =>[n]/creative/revolutionaryl 易错拼写：environment/ convenient49．neutral 中立的，中性的/negative 否定，消极，阴性的/positive 肯定，积极，阳性的50．ambiguous->ambiguity 模棱两可的，暧昧的/obscuremunicate 沟通，传达，通报52.accommodate 1供...食宿，2=adapt to 适应，调整，3=hold 容纳，4使…停靠mitment 1 ~ to sth 奉献2 责任,义务54．contribute to 导致~ result in /account for (占据)导致54.缺乏的，不足的：inadequate/ insufficient/ deficient/lack (of)/ short (of)55.强调：emphasize/ stress/ highlight/ focus on/ concentrate on明显的：apparently 显而易见的/patently 道貌岸然的/ bviously=>evidently56.对…怀疑：(be) /skeptical/skeptical /dubious/ suspicious (about/of)57.缺点，缺陷：drawback/ fault/ defect/ imperfection/ failing/ weakness/ shortcoming/ flaw58.臭命昭著的：notorious->notoriety/ flagrant/ smelly/ odorous59.，组织：association/ structure /organization60.超过：exceed/ surpass61.岩浆：molten rock/ lava/ magma62.语言：linguist ~学家/ lingual和~有关的/ bilingual/ 双语63.多种多样的：diversity/ variety/ breed/ speciesbreed：[n]品种，[v]繁殖，培养，引起，造成64.dialect 方言 accent 腔调65.开始的，初步的：begin/ launch/ initial (-ly) [v] 首字母，开始的/ initiate开始，发动->initiative 原创性= origin66.贫穷：poor/ in poverty/ impoverished（被剥夺财产的）67.杰出：eminence (-t)/ prominence (-t)/unusual68.gene/ genetic defect ~缺陷/ anatomy解剖/ conceive构思，怀孕/ deliver分娩69.辅助性：alternative 补充性/ therapist70.演绎，推理：deduce->deductive / inferential >< induce 引导，引入，归纳-> induction 归纳71.令人困惑的：bewildering/ puzzling/ perplexing72.apply：紧靠，涂，将…应用于，适用，专心致力于，献身于73.subsidize辅助/ subsidy 补助，补贴/ subsidiary74.a factor in sth/ depend on sth75.be preferred by/ choice76.attitude to/ how77.the present century/ modern society78.broad/ great79.in term of 按照，在…方面，关于/with regard to, in spite of 不顾，尽管80. small-scale 小范围/ marginal 边缘处的81. physical/ medical82.negotiation/ agreement 谈判，洽谈/ 商定，协议83.evolve/ develop84.apartment/ accommodation 公寓/ 住房85.virtual (love)/ simulate 模拟的（网恋）/ 模拟86.catastrophe/ disaster 大灾难/ 灾难，不幸87.innovate/ invent 革新，创新/ 发明，创造sculpture/ craft 雕刻，雕塑/ 工艺88.exorbitant/ expensive 过度的，极高的/ 费用大的，昂贵的89. be participant in/ take part in /participate inbour [美，澳]/work91.attend to/ take care of92.dual employment/ dual-worker 双职工（家庭）93.indicate/ predict 指示，表明，象征/ 预料，预言A major contributor to/ be central to 来源，起点/ 是…的主要，中心原因94.expert/ therapist 专家，能手；知识丰富的/ 某个专科的专家95.lead to/ be associated with 相联系（带来…的好处）96.balanced/ equitable 平等的97.handicap/ d雅思阅读题目出题的本质是三种替换：同义词/词组替换，句型替换，语法替换，将从这三方面根据学生在叶毅斌老师的雅思阅读课堂中所做的笔记进行分类整理。
雅思阅读常见替换词
雅思阅读常见替换词雅思阅读中常见的词汇替换主要包括以下方面：1. 数字替换：- one, two, three, ... --> 1, 2, 3, ...- first, second, third, ... --> 1st, 2nd, 3rd, ...- a few, several --> some- many, numerous --> a large/great number of, a significant amount of- majority --> most2. 同义词/相似词替换：- come, arrive --> reach, get to- use, employ, utilize --> make use of, take advantage of- see, view, witness --> observe, look at- important, significant --> crucial, essential- good, positive --> beneficial, advantageous- bad, negative --> harmful, detrimental- big, large --> huge, massive- small, little --> tiny, miniature3. 形容词/副词替换：- interesting --> fascinating, engaging- difficult --> challenging, complex- easy --> simple, effortless- fast --> rapid, speedy- slow --> gradual, leisurely- big --> substantial, considerable- small --> modest, minimal4. 动词替换：- increase --> rise, grow, expand- decrease --> decline, reduce, shrink- give --> provide, offer, supply- show --> demonstrate, illustrate- explain --> clarify, elaborate- understand --> comprehend, grasp- know --> be aware of, have knowledge of5. 名词替换：- problem, issue --> challenge, difficulty- reason --> cause, factor- result --> outcome, consequence- advantage --> benefit, merit- disadvantage --> drawback, downside- solution --> remedy, resolution以上仅为一些常见的雅思阅读词汇替换示例，考生在备考过程中还需要进行更多的积累和练习，以熟练掌握不同词汇替换的方法和技巧。
剑桥雅思（5-9）阅读同义替换词
剑桥雅思（5-9）阅读同义替换词剑桥雅思（5-9）阅读词汇同意替换Cambridge IELTS 5-9 Reading Paraphrases1. 本文包括题目中出现的同意替换（划线部分，题目词汇在前），也列出文章里较难词汇的同义词（[]中为反义词）2. 用法：做完题目后查对同意替换；精读文章时学习词汇3. 每篇词汇顺序有些杂乱，有待改进4. 参考资料：灵格斯词典中RogetⅡ: The new thesaurus 同义词词典5. 难免有疏漏错误，欢迎指正5-1-1 Johnson’s dictionarycircumscribe limit, confine, restrictgrowing importance rise, increased demandlead to be associated with, be linked towell known famousaccept the contract sign the contractnot have a withoutin excess of overcontemporary text from Elizabethans to his own time, living languagetime limit deadlinesubtleties of meaning shades of meaningprevious writer predecessor, precedentvicissitude difficulty, hardshippatronage support, sponsorshipascertain determinebring conferEnglish language the language of his countryesteem respectprevail persuadegrant offer5-1-2 Nature or nurture? (难，可精读，实验类文章)distaste dislike, aversionsuccessive subsequent, consecutivedenounce accuse, condemnreluctant unwilling, disinclinedoverwhelming greatconsensus agreement, unanimitystatistic number, data, percentage, proportion, figurediscrepancy difference, distinction, gap, incongruity, inconsistencymake-up character, personality, qualityremnant remainder, residuebenevolent [malevolent]property quality, charactermalevolent evil, maliciousforgo give up, abandonelucidate explain, illustrate, clarifybiological genetic (animal aggression instinct, primal urge) help have a positive effect oninstructed toldcomply obey, conformpositive mechanism advantageous traitpersonal values personal and moral code5-1-3 The truth about the environment （驳论文）pessimistic get worse, dark, dismal; [optimistic]be linked to be associate withslow down restrict; [accelerate]long-lasting extend well into our futurecatastrophic devastatingright appropriatedisjunction separationlopsidedness imbalanceexaggerate overstateclaim argumentselfless altruistic, benevolent, charitable, philanthropic characteristic feature, qualitycriticism scepticismimpartial objective, unbiased, neutralmeet reader s’ expectation provide what the public wants dispose throw awaywaste trash, rubbishgreen house gases carbon dioxide emissionsurgent pressing5-2-1 Bakeliteconstituent element, componentin a similar way to likein that becausebe moulded into new form reshapeorigin be derived fromreason impetus (stimulation, motivation, incentive) great advances immense progressin the field of in the domain ofpragmatic practical, realisticalternative substitutedwindle decrease, diminishamass accumulate, collectoriginal first, initial, primary; (true, authentic)outline (v.) give a general description, brief (n.), summary (n.)know as calle.g. such as, for exampleintense extreme, strongremove extractresin molten Bakelitedisdain despise, contempt, scornenjoy an unparalleled popularity be welcome; [fall of fovour] relish enjoy, savour, flavour, tasterange of colours array of shades5-2-2 What’s so funny? （抽象，可精读）nervous energy psychic tensioncontrolled release safely punctureludicrousness ridiculousness, funninesssettle on choose, agreeresolution solutionincongruity inconsistency, discrepancy, disagreementlinguistic lingualartificial intelligence language understanding and reasoning in machines revolve rotate, orbitinterpretation understandingapt appropriate, smartmutate change, convert, transformtrigger induce, causelinked to be critical foractivate spring to lifeinvolved with is associated withmost difficult task extremely demanding jobrespond instantly a rapid emotional assessmentwhatever is happening the events of the momentreact respondrecognition acknowledgementindividual responses to joke whether a joke gives pleasure or pain relate to depend onsubjective view outlookoperation work5-2-3 The birth of scientific English (难，多句意替换而非词汇替换) given considering, taking (sth) into accountprominence eminence, distinction, prestige, fameintellectual thinker, intellect, brain, scholarrenaissance revival, renewaldevelopment revolutionhow to express ideas language, writing styletreatise dissertationproperties quality, characteristic, featureperversely unreasonably, oddlydomain area, field, territorypreliminary preparatory, unpolishedcipher codeobscure vague, ambiguous; hide, concealcling to stick to, attach toinadequacy incapability, insufficiency, defect, deficiencyobjective impersonalentity existence, object, wholetranscript written copyinaugurate begin, launchfoster encourage, promote, cultivatekind genre, styledescriptions accountsspecific particularformative shaping, influentialbe overtaken this momentum was lostmomentum force, impetuslexis vocabulary; (lexical)institute establish, set up, inaugurate5-3-1 Early childhood educationsocio-economic background status, positionbe predicated on be based onbypass avoid, ignoreconfiguration pattern, shapefoster develop, encourage, nurturephenomenal wonderful, amazing, fantastic, marvelousperpetuate eternalize, immortalizeadminister give, provide, apply, carry out, managea variety of cross-section (typical, representative)not succeed disappointing, failedinsufficient inadequate, deficient, scarcefunding moneysuccess phenomenalscore highly make great stridelistening, speaking auditory comprehension, verbal ability and language ability interact with others social development 5-3-2 Disappearing delta (难，多句意替换)erode corrode, wearastounding startling, amazing, astonishing, surprisingerosion scoured awaydeposit sedimentrelatively high still a lot ofdivert turn, shiftcanal channel, watercoursesedimentation the sediment sinks to the bottom of thecanals laden loadedmunicipal urban, metropolitancoincide concurfood production food chain, fishing industryprincipally mainly, chiefly, primarilylook at pay close attention todevise design, invent, conceive, think upmarked increase be building up faster and faster5-3-3 The return of artificial intelligence (抽象选择题难)poised readyignite kindlecommon topic of conversation public debateirony inverted commashype pufferyjustification reasonrehabilitation recoveryinformative educational, instructive, enlighteningbring together encompass (include, contain, comprise)separate research areas disparate fields (different, diverse, various) lowest point [peak]rear bring up, raiseensue follow, succeedundue excessive, extravagantretrenchment reduction, curtailmentbe justified materialize (happen)fruition fulfillment, realizationperception optimism, realize, deem, regardpremature early, untimelyalign (with) allymundane ordinary, seculardeem consider, reckon, thinkimplement do, execute, perform, carry outmilitary impact spot camouflaged vehicles on a battlefield differentiate discriminate, distinguishexacerbate worsen, aggravatecategorise classifyreflect encapsulate (epitomise, symbolise)contemporary 1960s5-4-1 The impact of wilderness tourismexpansion boomlow financial cost of setting up little or no initial investment in terms of from the perspective of/ with respect to /in respect of/with (in) relation to/ with reference to/ regarding/ concerningin this/these respect(s) from this angle/perspective/aspect region areacharacteristic (n./adj.) feature; distinctive/typicalprevail dominateprevailing dominant/popular/widespread/prevalentdraw attractlandscape sceneryunique incomparable/unparalleledindigenous nativeisolated separate/solitary/alone/detachednew breed of kind/typegrateful appreciative/thankfulprofound deep, abstrusetrekker hikerfall declinethe amount of food farm outputtend carefood gathering hunting animals and fish and collecting fruit inhabitant dweller, residentculprit reason, sinnerundermine weakenpattern systemdilemma problem, difficulty, paradoxerosion corrosiondegradation demotion, reductiondisruptive troublesome, disturbing, intrusive, unsettling legion numerous, myriadinevitably inescapably, unavoidablyvehicle tool, media, meansreinvigorate restore, revitalise, reviveover the long term in the long runintegrate combine, incorporate, synthesiseconcern business, care, worryrevived renaissancecommunal public, mutualexploit use, developtransient temporaryrepatriate sendhome base headquartersaccrue accumulate, aggregatereservation preserve, reservepurchase buyhandicraft artwork, artifactproduce and sell businessaspiration ambition, dreamnorm rule, standard5-4-2 Flawed beauty: the problem with toughened glass (题目难) exert use, wield, manipulatepropagate breed, reproduce, spawn, advertise, disseminate subsequent after, laterconvert change, revertelapse passunusual rare, few and far between, uncommonpublicity press, promotion, advertising, propagandasuppress repress, sensor, banclosely examine analyse, inspect, investigatefavour love, prefer, approve (v.)fragment shard, scrapunexpectedly without warning, unpredictablyquickly rapidly, swiftly, promptlydispute argue, debate, contestincidence scale, extent, size5-4-3 The effects of light on plant and animal speciescue clue, hint, suggestionuseful reliablebe unpredictable fluctuate (vary)plenty considerablescientific evidence experimental evidencetypes speciesencourage induceout of season midwinterlight levels photoperiodbe referred to be known asreproduction breeding, propagationlonger days increasing day lengthsplants that flower when days are long long-day plantsreproduce fertilizationperennial long-lasting, permanent, durableyet notcue triggeruptake intake, understandlimit maximumhorticulture gardening6-1-1 Au stralia’s sporting success （段配句难）demolish defeat, destroy, pull downunderpin support, back, establishfunded support financeathletes sportsmen and womencollaborate cooperateexpertise skills, ability, craft, techniquenarrow the scope focus onwring squeeze, tweak, twistprototype archetype, original, fatherprofile outlinevisual imaging image, digital camerasemploy use, apply, implementinvestigation analysis, examination, survey, inspection obstacles to optimum achievement 句意替换obstacle barrier, hurdle, impedimentoptimum best, optimal, superlative, unsurpassedevent championshipperformance requirements winning times, targetsproduce developplan preparegear towards adapt torival other country, competitor, opponent, contestant,contender reproduce copy, replicate, simulate, imitate, duplicate improve slice …off, cut offunveil uncover, reveal, unmask, display, show, expose, disclose all-encompassing all around, comprehensive, all-inclusive exclusively only, solely6-1-2 Delivering the goodsfreight goods, cargoworld globalincreasing expanding, risingtempt attract, provoke, enticecommerce trade, business, industryeffective trade condition advantagesnearby nations geographic neighbours weakening relationship is unrelated tovalue worthdelivery transportationsmall computer components disk drives product drives, componentslocal domestic, native, internalelectronic delivery telephone lines, optical fibers streamlined improved, more efficient/effective introduction invention, adoptioncapsize overturn, toppleships vessels, containerby and large generallytariff tax, dutyhaulier shipper, carrier, freighteralbeit althoughmonopoly cornerdeter discourage, prevent6-1-3 Climate change and the Inuit （标题较难）unprecedented event unusual incident precarious insecure, uncertaintough difficult, demanding; strong, unyielding autonomy independence, self-government terrain territory, region, area indigenous native, aboriginalalternative otheressential supplies provisions, imported meat curtail reduce, condenseincidence rate, possibilityeffect impactwell-being health, welfare, prosperityat stake at risktease out obtain, get by, deal withdraw on useresolve address, solvecapricious variable, changeable, inconsistent appreciate understandimpossible out of the questioncatch exploitsustenance food, nourishmentinhabitant colonist, occupanta few a handful ofgive up abandonlifestyles waysdepend mainly on rely heavily onproduce meatexpensive costly6-2-1 The advantages of public transportpeople power democratic (democracy); [republican]favour prefer, approve, accept, benefittravel time travelling time, commuting time, commute time be stable remain constantcongestion (massive) traffic jams, gridlockwealth incomeviable feasiblerefute disprove, discreditstarkly severely, evidentlyconvert change, transformproposal suggestion, requestadvocate recommend, supportrelated connectedflourish thrive, prosper, boomminimal limited; [maximal]hard inappropriateinhabitant resident, occupant, dweller, (citizen, civilian, populace, people)live accommodationbicycle friendly high level of bicycle usagereasonable averagely good, moderate, temperate6-2-2 Greying population stays in the pinkgreying population elderly peoplein the pink healthyafflict trouble, tortureshow reveal, uncoverage-related medical problems diseases associated with old age, medical complaints speed ratefalling smalleraffect strike, appearincreasing acceleratedevelopment advanceincrease surgedue to reflect, be attributed topollution poorer air qualitylink correlationlife expectancy live longerconsiderable reduction significant dropcost $200 billion, financial burdenpredicted expectedindependence self-relianceretain keep, hold, reserve, maintainexercise physical activitiesdecline deteriorate, degenerate, languish, worsen loneliness emotionally isolatedfare best manage/develop well6-2-3 Numeration （难）bound up with sth. closely connected with sth. sequence of events/words ordersufficiency enoughquality how manyfarming grow plantsdeveloped sophiscatedparamount supreme, primary, dominant arithmetic numerationbody language gesturesprevent misunderstanding resolve any confusion limited restrictedexpress deal withpeople average personfulfil a civic role qualify as a witness in a court of law graspunderstanding, capacityconceive think, imaginedistinct separate, evident, clearhindrance barrier, obstaclebe registered in the mind realized, noticed concept specific wordseparate from independent ofnewer laterrelic trace, vestige, remainsindispensable essential, necessary6-3-1 Filmboulevard avenuestunned shocked, astonishedthrilled excitedroutine regular, habitual, frequentgrasp understand, comprehendimportant be worth tryingfirst initialimpact power and magicpassing of time flow of events, flow of timecultures life and valuesactor star, film personalities(film) personality celebrity, heroenduring long-lasting, permanentlegacy heritage, traditionby no means certainly notnovelty newness, innovation, originalitystoryline storynarrative account, story, reportconvention tradition, agreement; conference6-3-2 Motivating employees under adverse conditionsmotivate stimulate, prompt, inspireadverse unfavourable, disadvantageous, negative [positive] grow expanddecline shrinkoptimism [pessimism]entice encouragebe prone to be liable to, be likely to, tend to, incline to, have a tendency to less skilled employee minor/secondary employeeredundant unemployed, dismissedrumour gossipautonomous independent, self-governingaffiliation alliance, associationspecific precise, detailed, exacttarget goal, aim, object, objectivefeedback comment, remarkexternal [internal]be assigned be allocated, be distributedcollectively [individually]in conjunction with together withperception (perceive) sensebe consistent with [be inconsistent with]feel perceiverealistic achievable, attainable, obtainableappraisal assessment, evaluationvalid true, credible, logical, sound, well-groundedreinforce strengthenscope rangeindividual personalisebe contigent on be dependent on, rely onachievement performance, accomplishmentpromotion advancementearning remuneration, payment, salary, compensationdisclose increase the visibility, eliminate the secrecy, expose, reveal, unveil publicise advertise, promotetransparent clear, lucidfair equitable (equity, inequity), equalweigh think over, consider, ponder, reflect, contemplate6-3-3 The search for the anti-aging pillvigor vitality, strengthinfirmity weaknesslongevity long lifedrugs treatmentdelay slowgrowing old agingfewer restrictionextend increaseequivalent (to) equalpeople mortalsdiet regimen (treatment, therapy)disease disordermimic imitate, mockmimetic imitativeate what they wanted free-feedinggreater quantities [lower levels]reduced chance decreased likelihoodless likely to reduced risktaut promote, publicisetoxic poisonousdose amountretard slow, detainproduction generationemit release, send outfocus on emphasizein short supply scarce6-4-1 Doctoring sales （议论文，标题难）representative delegate, deputy, agent; typicalphysician doctor [surgeon]drug company pharmaceutical companyincentive stimulus, encouragementprofile outline, descriptionmoral ethicalbribe buymarketing technique marketing practices escalate increase extravagance excess, luxury, wastebrochure pamphlet, bookletinundation floodevidence of drug promotion pen, tabletvisible watch, seerecipient receiverpersuaded influencedresearch studyprescribe dispensebottom line final result; essential pointsky-rocketing sky highlegitimate right, legal, lawfulmoney profitscrutinize inspect, examine, check6-4-2 Do literate women make better mothers? adults men and womenmaternal literacy mothers can read and write attitudes to children value its children more highly eliminate remove, exclude when asmortality deathlevels rate, figureslearn to read be educatedstay remainNational Literacy Crusade campaignchild infantmalnourished undernourishedopt chooseexert apply, useimplication hint, suggestionmoney budgetmaternal [paternal], femaleeffects pay-offbypass avoid, escape, ignoremature adult, grownreplicate copy, duplicate, reproduce6-4-3 Bullyingpersistent enduring, chronic, endlessresearch surveydifficult to deal with recalcitrant, unruly, disobedientchildren who are bullied victimised pupilshave experiencein later life as adultsoffence crime, misdeedcommon refrain clichéresource helpinquiry question, enquiry, investigation, inquestdecline 50% halveoptimum optimal, bestthe most important step a key stepproduce developdetailed explicit, clear, unambiguous, specificsanction permission, approval, penaltyconsultation discussion, conference, counseldisseminate spread, distribute, disperse, propagate implement carry out, do, perform, executeback (up) supportearly part early phasein the light of considering, in the view ofsubstitute replacement, surrogatepotential be liable toself-confident assertivenesseffective usefulrecognise the difference between A and B distinguish A from B prevention intervention7-1-1L et’s go batsfraction amount, proportionuncanny unnatural, weird, unexpected, exceptional navigate find their way, guide, pilot, maneuverearly mammal mammalian ancestoravoid dying out manage to survivein the absence of withoutobstruct block, impedevision seeingmanoeuvre move, guide, performprohibitive expensiveilluminate light, elucidate, clarify, illustratecomparable like, similar, corresponding, parallel, equivalent phantom unreal, ghostarm or leg limbperceive sensecalculate measureapply exploit, implement, practice, usefinding detectionmilitary martial, warlikeor rather more exactly/specifically/accuratelyresult in lead to, perfect (v.) (polish, refine)detection navigationtechnically strictlyinaccurate incorrectrefer to talk about, speak of, mention; concern, be relevant to underlying basic, essential, fundamentalcoin name, call, know as, term, christen, dubcover include7-1-2 Making every drop countmanipulate exploit, use, handleexpand extend, enlargesource origin/derivationinnovative novel/original/unprecedentedlayout design/plan/blueprint/schemeoccupant resident/dweller/inhabitantexplode soarmonumental giant, heroic, historic, significantdue primarily to mainly because ofgenerate produceinferior subordinate; [superior]adequate sufficientconsequence outcomejeopardise endanger/threaten/imperilcompensation paymentspecies breedecosystem environmentthrive prosper/flourishdispute debate/contend/controversytension pressure/stressscientist resource planner, water expertrevision change, shift/amendmentrezort option/resourceopposition resistance/objectionaddress tackle/solve/deal withsurprising unexpectedlydiminish decreasedownward trend fallremarkable notable/exceptionala range of a spectrum ofdomestic home, nationalconserve preserve/savepeak summitstandard specification /criteria/normregion zone/terrain/territoryecological bionomical (bionomics = ecology)/environmental 7-1-3 Educating psyche （抽象，难）ways approachesnot traditional radical newunimportant peripheralrecall remembervalid true, credible, well-groundedreadily easilyinstruction education, learning, teaching, order, directionteachers should train students teaching systemvariant versionsolemnly seriouslyprior to beforehand, preliminarydemanding [easy and pleasant]likewise also, furthermoresimilar not unusualconventional classes language teaching, ordinary classes, traditional classes distinctive special, characteristic, typical retain learn, keep, maintainadmit acknowledgeritual ceremony, form, riteautocratic categoricdesignate allocate, appoint, call, nameaccredited accepted, believedwell known notoriety (fame, popularity, reputation, notoriousness) emulate imitate, copy, compete, contest procedure sessionunspectacular mediocre7-2-1 Why pagodas don’t fall down (力学背景，较难理解) flimsy delicate, weaklighting illuminationtopple overturn, capsizeflatten leveldevastate destroy, ruinmagnificent majestic, splendid, remarkableunscathed safe, uninjured, unharmederect constructdampen decrease, restrainbuilders carpentersabsorb some of the power sway and settle itself severe weather conditions nature’s forces original firstreligious purpose Buddhismobservation post watchtowerdispense with get rid of, withoutbatter strike, attackeave roofhalf fifty per centfloor storeyresilience flexibility, buoyancypillar column, pilebear the weight carry the loadbend flexstationary fixed, unmoving, stillslither slideconsecutive successivestop constrainjolt shake, bump, jerk7-2-2 The true cost of foodcollateral parallel, additionalenervation depletion, impoverishment colossal immense, enormousdecline vanishfertility richness, productivitychemical fertilizerwater sources lakesaesthetic artisticarable cultivabledomestic water drinking waterillness caused by food food poisoningthree different types threefoldsubsidy grantprop up support, sustainfeasible possible, viablepremium additional paymentcommitment responsibility, obligationcomprise contain, encompass, includeinitiate begin, launch, undertakechange shift7-2-3 Makete integrated rural transport project （文章最长）tackle solve, address, cope with, deal with present offer, give assumption premise, postulation, supposition identify be understoodregarding on, aboutalmost inaccessible be virtually totally isolated local area within the localityimplement carry out, performconstruction buildrefinement improvementlocal people communitiesbuses and trucks motorized vehicleshinder prevent, obstruct, impede, hold back officials authoritiesmodel reference7-3-1 Ant intelligence （难）scrutiny inspection, examination, observation repel repulse communication contactpropagate spread, disseminate, breed, reproduce advanced sophisticated, be overtakenaffect ruinwaste use enormous amounts ofsecretion antibioticsunwanted materials wastedevelop domesticategenetic DNAupgrade improve, modifyexchange swap, sharecity life urban lifestyleforcing house encourageintricate complicated, elaborateoutstrip exceed, outdo, surpassfind their way navigateposition bearingsense of smell odourexhaustive thorough, complete7-3-2 Population movements and genetics footing foundation, basis, statuslong-standing long-lasting, old, enduring prehistoric firstvariant variation, diversity, version。
5天背完400组雅思阅读同义替换词
5天背完400组雅思阅读同义替换词1.expand=amplify扩大2.accomplish=achieve完成3.acquire=obtain获得4.advocate=champion拥护5.alleviate=mitigate缓解6.analyze=scrutinize分析7.anticipate=foresee预见8.apprehend=comprehend理解9.artificial=synthetic人造的10.ascertain=determine确定11.assemble=compile集合12.assess=evaluate评估13.assimilate=integrate同化14.augment=enhance增强15.authentic=genuine真实的16.autonomous=independent自主的17.bewildered=perplexed迷惑的18.blunt=dull迟钝的19.bolster=reinforce加强20.brainstorm=contemplate极力思考21.breach=violate违反22.burgeon=flourish迅速发展23.cease=terminate停止24.circumvent=bypass避免25.coherent=cohesive连贯的26.collaborate=cooperate合作mendable=praiseworthy值得称赞的pensate=recompense补偿plement=enhance补充prehensive=exhaustive全面的prise=consist of包括32.conceive=conceptualize构思33.concise=succinct简洁的34.confront=encounter面临35.congruent=compatible一致的36.considerable=substantial相当大的37.consistent=coherent一致的38.contemplate=ponder沉思39.contradict=negate矛盾40.conventional=orthodox传统的41.converge=merge汇聚42.conversely=on the contrary相反地43.crucial=pivotal关键的44.culminate=climax达到顶点45.cumbersome=unwieldy笨重的46.decipher=decode解读47.decisive=definitive决定性的48.deduce=infer推断49.deem=consider认为50.deficiency=insufficiency51.delineate=depict描绘52.denote=signify表示53.deploy=utilize使用54.deplete=exhaust耗尽55.derive=obtain获得56.designate=appoint指定57.detect=discern察觉58.deteriorate=worsen恶化59.deviate=diverge偏离60.diminish=reduce减少61.disclose=reveal揭示62.disincentive=deterrent遏制因素63.dismiss=disregard忽视64.distort=misrepresent歪曲65.divert=redirect转移66.dormant=inactive休眠的67.duplicity=deceit欺骗68.dwindle=diminish缩小69.elicit=evoke引出70.embody=exemplify体现71.emulate=imitate模仿72.encompass=include包含73.endorse=support支持74.encompass=comprise包括75.enhance=enrich增强76.enigma=puzzle谜团77.envision=imagine想象78.epitome=embodiment典范79.eradicate=eliminate根除80.escalate=intensify升级81.evoke=elicit唤起82.exacerbate=worsen加剧83.exemplify=illustrate举例说明84.exploit=utilize利用85.facilitate=ease促进86.falter=hesitate犹豫87.feasible=viable可行的88.finite=limited有限的89.fluctuate=vary波动90.formidable=challenging令人敬畏的91.foster=nurture培养92.fraudulent=deceptive欺诈的93.futile=fruitless徒劳的94.gauge=measure测量95.generate=produce产生96.genuine=authentic真正的97.grasp=comprehend理解98.hinder=impede阻碍99.immerse=engross沉浸100.impair=damage101.imperative=crucial紧要的102.implement=execute实施103.implicate=involve牵涉104.implicit=implied含蓄的105.impose=enforce强加106.incentive=motivation动机107.incidental=secondary次要的108.incorporate=integrate合并109.indigenous=native土著的110.induce=provoke引发111.infer=deduce推断112.ingenious=innovative巧妙的113.inherent=intrinsic固有的114.inhibit=restrain抑制115.initiate=commence开始116.innovate=pioneer创新117.inquiry=investigation调查118.insight=understanding洞察力119.integral=essential不可或缺的120.integrity=honesty正直121.intricate=complex复杂的122.invoke=evoke唤起123.irreparable=irreversible无法挽回的124.isolated=secluded孤立的125.jeopardize=endanger危及126.keen=eager渴望的127.legitimate=valid合法的128.magnify=amplify放大129.manifest=demonstrate显示130.manipulate=exploit操纵131.marginal=negligible微不足道的132.mediate=intervene调解133.merge=amalgamate合并134.methodical=systematic有条理的135.mitigate=alleviate缓解136.mobilize=assemble动员137.modify=alter修改138.monitor=supervise监控139.mundane=ordinary平凡的140.negate=nullify取消141.negligible=insignificant微不足道的142.novel=innovative新颖的143.nurture=cultivate培养144.obsolete=outdated过时的145.ominous=threatening不祥的146.opportune=timely适时的147.opt=choose选择148.optimize=maximize优化149.orient=align定位150.overshadow=dominate151.paradox=contradiction悖论152.paramount=supreme至高无上的153.perceive=discern察觉154.perceptive=insightful有洞察力的155.perilous=hazardous危险的156.permeate=penetrate渗透157.persistent=tenacious坚持不懈的158.pivotal=crucial关键的159.plausible=credible可信的160.plummet=plunge骤降161.ponder=contemplate沉思162.potent=powerful强大的163.precede=come before在...之前164.precise=exact精确的165.predominant=dominant主导的166.prescribe=recommend开处方167.prevalent=widespread普遍的168.profound=deep深刻的169.proliferate=multiply激增170.prominent=notable显著的171.propagate=spread传播172.prospect=possibility前景173.provoke=incite激起174.prudent=cautious谨慎的175.pursue=seek追求176.quandary=dilemma困境177.quest=search探索178.radical=drastic激进的179.rationale=justification理由180.readily=easily容易地181.rebuke=reprimand指责182.reciprocal=mutual互相的183.reconcile=harmonize调和184.rectify=remedy纠正185.refute=debunk反驳186.relentless=persistent不懈的187.relevant=pertinent相关的188.relinquish=abandon放弃189.remarkable=notable卓越的190.remorse=regret懊悔191.render=make使成为192.renowned=famous著名的193.repudiate=reject拒绝194.resilient=durable弹性的195.respective=individual各自的196.restrain=curtail抑制197.retrieve=recover恢复198.robust=strong健壮的199.scrutinize=examine仔细检查200.secure=obtain获得201.segregate=separate分离202.sensational=extraordinary轰动的203.signify=indicate表示204.simulate=imitate模拟205.skeptic=doubter怀疑论者206.sparse=scarce稀缺的207.speculate=conjecture推测208.sporadic=intermittent零星的209.stagnant=dormant停滞的210.stark=harsh严酷的211.stimulate=provoke刺激212.straightforward=direct直接的213.strenuous=demanding艰苦的214.subsequent=following随后的215.substantial=significant实质的216.substitute=replace替代217.subtle=nuanced微妙的218.surpass=exceed超过219.sustain=maintain维持220.swift=rapid迅速的221.symphony=orchestral music交响乐222.synonymous=equivalent同义的223.tangible=concrete可触摸的224.tedious=monotonous单调乏味的225.temperate=moderate温和的226.tentative=provisional暂时的227.thorough=comprehensive彻底的228.thrive=prosper兴盛229.tolerate=endure忍受230.transcend=surpass超越231.transform=convert转变232.transparent=clear透明的233.treacherous=deceitful背叛的234.triumph=victory胜利235.turbulent=chaotic动荡的236.ultimate=final最终的237.undermine=weaken削弱238.underscore=emphasize强调239.unify=integrate统一240.unique=distinct独特的241.unravel=solve解开242.unprecedented=unparalleled空前的243.uphold=support支持244.urge=encourage敦促245.utilize=employ利用246.validate=confirm验证247.vehement=intense激烈的248.versatile=adaptable多才多艺的249.vigilant=watchful警惕的250.violate=infringe违反251.vital=essential关键的252.vivid=vibrant生动的253.volatile=unstable不稳定的254.vulnerable=susceptible脆弱的255.warrant=justify证明.是正当的旳256.weary=fatigued疲倦的257.widespread=prevalent广泛的258.withdraw=retract撤回259.withstand=endure经受住260.yield=produce产生261.abrupt=sudden突然的262.accelerate=speed up加速263.accommodate=adapt适应264.adjacent=neighboring邻近的265.amplify=enhance增强266.antagonize=provoke激怒267.antiquated=outdated过时的268.apathy=indifference冷漠269.apprehensive=anxious忧虑的270.arbitrary=random任意的271.articulate=express清楚地表达272.ascend=rise上升273.assert=claim断言274.assess=evaluate评估275.augment=increase增加276.authentic=genuine真实的277.avert=prevent防止278.biased=prejudiced有偏见的279.boost=enhance提升280.cease=stop停止281.chaotic=disorderly混乱的282.circulate=distribute循环283.clash=conflict冲突284.coherent=logical逻辑上连贯的mence=begin开始memorate=celebrate纪念patible=harmonious兼容的pel=force强迫pensate=reimburse补偿290.concise=brief简明的291.concur=agree同意292.confine=restrict限制293.congested=crowded拥挤的294.consensus=agreement一致的意见295.consistent=steady一致的296.conspicuous=noticeable显眼的297.contemporary=modern当代的298.contradict=oppose反驳299.convene=gather召集300.convert=transform转变301.convey=communicate传达302.counterfeit=fake伪造的303.counterpart=equivalent对应物304.crucial=critical关键的305.culminate=conclude达到顶点306.cumbersome=unwieldy笨重的307.decipher=decode解密308.deficiency=insufficiency不足309.degrade=deteriorate恶化310.denote=indicate表示311.deplete=exhaust耗尽312.depict=portray描绘313.desolate=barren荒凉的314.detect=identify察觉315.detrimental=harmful有害的316.devour=consume吞食317.differentiate=distinguish区分318.diminish=decrease减少319.discrepancy=inconsistency差异320.disperse=scatter分散321.distort=twist扭曲322.divergent=different分歧的323.dominant=prevailing占优势的324.dormant=inactive休眠的325.dubious=doubtful可疑的326.duration=length持续时间327.dwindle=decline减少328.elicit=evoke引起329.elusive=evasive难以捉摸的330.embody=represent体现331.embrace=adopt接受332.eminent=distinguished卓越的333.encompass=include包含334.endorse=support支持335.engross=absorb全神贯注336.enhance=improve增强337.envision=imagine想象338.eradicate=eliminate根除339.erratic=unpredictable不规律的340.evoke=elicit引起341.excel=surpass胜过342.exemplify=illustrate举例说明343.exploit=utilize利用344.fluctuate=vary波动345.foresee=predict预见346.formidable=impressive令人敬畏的347.foster=promote促进348.fragment=piece碎片349.futile=useless徒劳的350.generate=produce产生351.grasp=understand理解352.hamper=hinder阻碍353.harmonize=coordinate协调354.havoc=chaos混乱355.hinder=impede阻碍356.holistic=comprehensive整体的357.illuminate=clarify阐明358.immense=enormous巨大的359.impair=damage损害360.imperative=essential必要的361.implement=execute实施362.imply=suggest暗示363.inaugurate=initiate开始364.incentive=motivation动机365.inclination=tendency倾向366.incorporate=integrate合并367.induce=prompt引起368.infer=deduce推断369.ingenious=clever机智的370.inherent=intrinsic固有的371.inhibit=restrain抑制372.innovate=introduce创新373.input=contribution贡献374.insight=understanding洞察力375.integrate=combine整合376.interpret=explain解释377.intervene=interfere干预378.intricate=complex复杂的379.intrinsic=inherent内在的380.investigate=examine调查381.isolate=separate隔离382.jeopardize=endanger危及383.justify=warrant证明...是正当的ment=mourn哀悼385.leverage=utilize利用386.loathe=detest厌恶387.magnify=amplify放大388.manipulate=handle操纵389.maximize=optimize最大化390.merge=combine合并391.mimic=imitate模仿392.mitigate=alleviate缓解393.modify=alter修改394.monitor=supervise监控395.negate=nullify取消396.nurture=foster培养397.obscure=vague模糊的398.offset=counterbalance抵消399.omit=exclude忽略400.optimize=improve优化。
【优质】雅思阅读同义词替换(剑五TEST 4)-优秀word范文 (2页)
【优质】雅思阅读同义词替换(剑五TEST 4)-优秀word范文本文部分内容来自网络整理，本司不为其真实性负责，如有异议或侵权请及时联系，本司将立即删除！== 本文为word格式，下载后可方便编辑和修改！ ==雅思阅读同义词替换(剑五TEST 4)雅思阅读同义词替换Cambridge 5 TEST 41. community = organization = group = body 团体 n .2. fragile = delicate 脆弱的 adj .3. remote = distant 遥远的 adj .4. require = desire = order = command 要求 v .5. inhabitant = resident = dweller 居住者，居民 n .6. consequently = thus = accordingly = hence = therefore = as a result 结果，因此 adv .7. destination = goal = end point = terminus 目的地 n .8. throughout = around = wholly = everywhere = end - to - end 自始至终，到处，全部 adv .9. operate = act = run 运转 v .10. output = product 输出，产品 n .11. decline = reduction = fall = slump = decrease = recession 下降 n .12. undermine = destroy = damage = hurt = ruin 破坏 v .13. revive = renaissance 复兴 v .14. unusual = rare = strange = uncommon 罕见的，不寻常的 adj .。
IELTS 5 同义词替换
剑桥5同义替换TEST 1 PASSAGE 1Contemporary ---living当代的,活着Time limit----deadline时间限制,截止日期Ignore 忽略----反义draw on致力于Take into account ---consider 考虑Subtlety ----shade隐含, 阴影Take on ---employ 采用，使用Available ---to hand可得的，手边In excess of ----over 超过Recognize as a landmark-----be hailed as a landmark 被认为是标志物Bring ---confer 带来，授予Grant ---offer 给予Be associated with ----be connected with和…联系，和…有关Set up----establish 建立Payment----installment分期付款Survive----反义die 活着Famous---well known 著名的TEST 1 Passage2Instruct 指导----tell 说明Denounce 谴责----criticize 批评According to----by----as 根据Take place------carry out 发生,举行Before-----prior to 在…之前Agreement 同意-----consensus 一致Thought----anticipate-----predict------expected 认为，预测Comply with------obey------administer 遵循In cause of-------for 因为Survival value--------survival mechanism 生存价值，生存机制Merge A and B with CPersonal and moral code-----------personal value 个人价值Individual----personal 个人的Statistical outcome---------numbers--------data 数据Carry on------go on------continue 继续TEST 1 Passage3Pessimistic view-----getting worse 悲观想法，变坏A hit-list of----a number of 数量Be linked to----be associated with 和…有关Restrict----slow down----not accelerate 限制，放慢，不加速Financial-------fund 资金Quote----for example 例如Overstate-exaggerate 夸大Claim-----argument 声称Criticism------skepticism 批评Newspapers print items------newspapers and broadcasters 报纸和广播公司Provide what others wants------meet others’ expectations提供他人需求，满足某人期望Distortions of perception------mislead 误导Waste---trash 浪费Extend well into the future-----long-term 长期的，未来的Inappropriate-------not reasonable 不合适的Pressing------urgent 危机的TEST2 Passage 1similar to---like 像mould into new form---reshape 重新成型entirely---totally 整个reasons---factors 因素great---immense 很多的advance---progress 前进in the field of---in the domain of 在…领域color---shades 颜色call --- know as 叫做e.g. --- such as 例如，举例intense---extreme 非常的consider---think 认为remove---extract 提取，取出modern-day---today 现在principle- feature 特点welcome---反义distain 欢迎a limited range---反义array 很小范围TEST2 PASSAGE 2above-average --- superiority 优于平均，优越release--- puncture 释放nervous energy---psychic tension 精神紧张current- modern 当代的ignore---反义settle on 忽略view---version—belief 视野，认为，观点artificial intelligence---machine 人工智能，机器link to--- be involved to--- be associated to 联系most difficult---extremely demanding 很难的，极度要求的react to---respond to 对…反应instantly---rapidly 立即地view---outlook 视野relate to---depend on 依靠valuable---pretty good 值得的，很好reasons---explanation 原因，解释noticed---found 发现separate areas---disparate fields 分离区域Test 2 Passage 3develop---improve---revolution进步scientists---socially privileged thinkers 科学家interest in---foster 兴趣，培养have neither…nor…---lack 缺少as a direct result of---as 因为be overtaken---established itself as the leading 被接管，建立成为领导的develop---growth 增长Test 3 Passage 1family type---family configuration 家庭类型the range of ---a variety---a cross-section of 范围fail---disappointing 失望children’s early year---the age of three 儿童早期（三岁）reason---explanation 原因，解释outcome---result 结果poor and wealthy---socio-economic status 穷富，社会财富地位do not succeed --- disappointing 失败，失望supply---provide 提供insufficient---not substantial 不足的be designed to ---in an attempt to 尝试做…improve educational development---overcome educational under-achievement 提高教育的进步，克服教育的不发达listening---auditory 听力，听觉speaking---verbal 说话，语言reasoning---comprehension理解，包含interacting---language ability 交流，语言能力relative high---more than 比…多TEST 3 PASSAGE 2Sedimentation---sediment 沉积物，沉淀物Food production---food chain 食物（产业）链Threat---poison 威胁，污染，有毒Disappear---to be eroded/ scour away 消失Valuable---significance 有价值的，重大意义的Coastal---coast/ coastline 海岸的Land loss---hold back sediment 土地流失High levels of sediment---a lot of sediment 大量沉积物Pollutant---pollution 污染物Marked---significantly/ dramatically 显著的Increase---build up 建立，增长In the short term---in the immediate future 在短期内TEST 3 PASSAGE 3Military---battlefield 军事，战场Separate---disparate 不同的，分开的Area---field 区域Bring together---unify 联合Again---re-enter/ rehabilitation再次，再次进入，康复Common topic of conversation--- public debate 公共话题，普遍辩论Expression---term 术语Information available electronically---email/ web pages 网页，邮件，电子信息Deal with difficulty---meet this challenge 解决难题，迎接挑战Not lowest point--- peak 不在最低点，高点Original expectation- undue optimism 最初期望，过度乐观Investment- investor 投资TEST 4 PASSAGE 1Expansion---booming 扩张，欣欣向荣Food- supply---food-gathering---hunting animals and fish and collecting fruits 食物供应International- all across the world 全球的Effect---impact 影响Demand---need 需要Low---little or no 低，很少或没有Financial cost--- initial investment 花费，投资Not throughout the year---seasonality/ defined part of the year 非全年，季节性，一年中特定部分Result in---lead to 导致Fall- decline 下降Food produced locally---farm output and a change in the local diet 本地食物生产Damage---undermine 破坏，损坏Local community- local population 当地社区和居民Revive---renaissance 复兴Produce and sell----establish business 生产销售，建立贸易TEST 4 PASSAGE 2unusual---rare/ few and far between 不寻常的claim---say 说，声称publicity---press 宣传，新闻suppress---don’t want 废止the most extreme---the oldest 最老的，最极致的examine---analyze 分析strong---strength 力量ordinary glass---standard glass 普通玻璃small---tiny 小的unexpectedly---without warning/ unpredictable 出乎意料地，意外地quickly---rapidly 快速地inner---interior 内部的form---create 建立dispute---disagree 纷争，不同意evidence---data 证据，数据no doubt---almost certainly 毫无疑问地TEST 4 PASSAGE 3Scientific evidence---experimental evidence 科学证据，实验证据Types---species 种类Life cycle---vegetative state 生长状态，生命周期Be referred to as---be known as 被认为Birds in temperate climates---temperate-zone birds 生长在温带的鸟类Depend on---by 依靠Reproduce---fertilization 繁殖reproduction---germinate, flower, seed 繁殖No limit---never reach a maximum 没有限制，没有极限Such as---like 比如，像Longer days---increasing day length 增加白天时常have yet to determine--- have not yet known 还不知道，还没确定area---zone区域。
雅思阅读替换词
雅思阅读同义词替换并列列：and, or, as well as, not only, but also, in addition(to), besides, from…to…, also1.fame 名声 = acclaim 赞扬/ reputation 名声 /stature名望 = famous 出名= profile形象2.document = record 记录J121.experience 经历，体验= feel 感觉2.produce （production）生产 = generate （generation）产生 = release 发布，释放 J111.rotate = turn 旋转 = spin2.beneath = under 在下面3.successful 成功= work 能工作的，有效的4.undamaged 没有被损坏的 = intact 完好的5.data 数据 = statistics = mathematics 数学6.omit 省略 = leave out = strip out 削掉，脱掉7.eyesight = vision 视觉J10T11.alter/ change/ revise/transformation/ modify/ negotiate/ re-开头的单词 v. 改变2.supply=provide=furnish=give=offer提供3.confer=award=present=grant=allocate 给予 v.4.now/ current/present/ nowadays/ modern/ so far 当今、目前5.resemble/ pretty well like/ be similar to/ look like 像..6.objective=aim=purpose=goal=target 目标7.although=despite 尽管8.customer=consumer=buyer=public 顾客9.car=vehicle车辆，媒介=tractor拖拉机=truck，lorry卡车10.solely唯一的= alone 单独的11.control控制=restrict限制=repress=inhibit=ban=forbid=curb限制，压制、禁止12.be aware of 知道，意识到 = be conscious of 意识到13.engagement契约 = commitment 承诺14.boss老板=employer 雇主=manager 经理15.colleague 同事=peer 同辈的人= co-worker同事=employee 员工16.environment=condition=circumstance=surroundings n.环境 habitat 栖息地17.creative 有创造性的 = innovative 创新的J10T21.fear 害怕=afraid 担心2.domestic 国内的，家庭内的 = home 家 = local 当地的3.anxiety 忧虑 = emotion 情绪 = feeling 感觉4.exercise 运动，练习= practice 练习= work 工作，作品，作业5.make fewer errors 犯很少的错误= accurate 正确的 = correct 正确的6.considerable=significant=substantial=massive=marked= a great deal of大量的7. subject 科目，参加实验的人 = domain 领域 = realm =areasck=do not =never=scarce=insufficient=shortage= -less v.缺乏的，没有9.test 测试= examination= exam考试10.apprentice 学徒 = assistant 助手11.scale 比例，尺寸 = size 尺寸12. conflict 有冲突 = contradict 有矛盾 = paradoxical 矛盾的 反义词 harmony 和谐 J10T31.significance = importance 重要 （包括形容词）= essential = major = main2.effect=impact=affect=influence 影响3.overlook 俯瞰，忽视 = underestimate 低估 = undervalue 低估4.halt/prevent/end/ quit 停止，退出5.foreign exchange 外汇 = export earner 挣出口的钱= source of income 收入来源 J10T41.average 平均的 = normal 正常的2.extended= prolonged 延长的 = longer3.responsibility 责任 = obligation 义务 = duty4.inhabitant=resident居民=citizen市民=dweller 城市居住者local 当地人5.ignorance 无知= do not know不知道= neglect 忽视= overlook6.trait 特性，特征= characteristic = feature 特征= property 性质= quality7.not=never = -less构成的单词 = lack缺乏= shortage = insufficient= inadequate8.different/distinct/varied/不同的 = a range of 一系列的... = varying= small, big =any J9T11.recognise 识别/ perceive 感知 / sense 感觉2.promptly/ immediately/instantly/ rapidly 立刻，马上3.refer to/ known as/ name 被称作... coin as 创造...术语= call4.transmit / send/ deliver / transport 发送，运输5.response/ reply/ react 回复，反应6.life expectancy/ the lifetime of/ life span 寿命7.search for = look for = hunt 寻找8.before/ in advance/ prior to / previously/ former/ past 先前的9.ancestor 祖先=predecessor先驱= earlier incarnation 早期的化身10.fragment=debris=pieces=ruins/ incomplete 碎片、不完整的11.about= approximately 大约，差不多J9T21.policy政策/strategy 策略= regulation = rules 规定= standard 标准2.hypothesis假设/guess/ speculation猜测/ possibility可能性/theory理论/potential3.medical conditions/ illness/ disease 疾病4.at risk 处于危险/vulnerable 脆弱的 = fragile/ in danger 处于危险/ disadvantage5.current=modern=recent=present最近的，当前的6.Witness/view/see/observe 见证，看到J9T31.Pitfalls/ traps 陷阱2.Receptive/receive/embrace/accept/agree / willingness 愿意，接受3.Novelty/new experience/ fresh/ updated 新的4.Psychological illness/mental disorder 精神疾病5.image 图片= picture = photo6.scientist 科学家 = exerts 专家J9T41.Reliable/predictable / constant 稳定的，可预测的2.Power station/power plant / workshop/ factory 工厂3.the vicinity of/around/nearby / neighboring 在附近paratively/relatively 相对的5.Unnecessary/redundant/superfluous 多余的，不需要的6.Initially/originally 最初的7.Collect/accumulate / gather 收集，积累8.Imitation/imitate/mimic / copy 模仿/ duplicate 复制/ reproduce 繁殖J8 TEST 11. agree=concur共鸣=go along with=fall in with v.同意3. trial=experiment=test n.实验4. pick out=identify确定=recognize认出 = confirm 确认= determine 确定5. limit限制 =minimise 最小化6. cold temperature=freezing weather=chilly=frosty adj.寒冷的7. simultaneous=at the same time adj.同时的8. divide=split=separate=break up=break down=take apart v. 分开9. categorize=class / type=sort=classify=be grouped v.分类，类别11. city=metropolitan=urban=town=village=municipal=downtown市中心12. disaster 灾难 = accident 事故 = incident 事件 = event = crash 撞击，事故 Cambridge 8 TEST 21.remain=stay=keep=continue=still v.保持2.drought=no rain at all=dry adj.干旱的3.intense=strong=passionate=powerful=deep adj.强烈的4.feeling=emotional response / sensory=a sense of=passion n. 感觉5.smell=odour=scent n.气味6.damage=impair=break=do/cause damage/ wreck v.损害7.linguistic=language n.语言8.regard …as=consider to 把…认作9.certain=some adj.一些Cambridge 8 TEST 31.build= construct建造 = create 创造 = form形成 =generate产生2.support=back up=be behind=in support of v.支持3.genius=giftedness / talent / intellectual=intelligence=brilliant=wisdom n.天才4.lessen=minimize=subside=lighten=relieve=ease v.减少anism=living thing=life form=wildlife n. 生物Cambridge 8 TEST 41. format=pattern=mode n.模式 形式2. key=important=major=significant=critical n.关键的，重要的3. achievement=attainment=progress=breakthrough=accomplishment n.成就4. spacious=large=massive=vast=enormous=immense adj.广阔的, 大量的5. adapt=get used to=become/grow accustomed to=adjust to v.适应，可接近的6. effort=hard work n.努力8. imbalance=disorder=unequal=disproportionate n.不平衡，紊乱9. innate=built-in adj.先天的10. immunity 免疫力 =resistance 抵抗11. feed on=prey on 以…为食12. wipe out=eradicate=get rid of=abolish=scrap=eliminate 根除13. wet=marshy= rainforest adj.湿的Cambridge 7 TEST 11. rely on=depend on 依靠v.3. die out=extinct=disappear=no longer exist 灭绝 v.4. hunt=search for=look for=tin search of 打猎、寻找v.5. inaccurate=incorrect=wrong=misleading 不精确的，错误的 adj.6. due to=because of=as a result of=thanks to=owing to 因为7. demanding=difficult=hard=challenging=tough 要求高的，艰难的 adj.8. well known=notorious=famous=renowned 著名的 adj.9. admit=acknowledge=confess 承认 v.10. result in=lead to=cause=give rise to=bring about 引发，导致11. sophisticated=advanced=high-tech=complex=complicated 复杂的、先进的12. address=solve=deal with=handle 处理 overcome 克服v.13. maintain=continue=carry on=keep up=preserve 维持 v.14. conventional=traditional=conservative 传统的 v.15. notice=see=spot=be aware of=be conscious of 注意到 v.16. retain=keep=stay=hold on to 保持 v.Cambridge 7 TEST 21. interior=inner=inside 内部的 adj.2. destroy=devastate=wreck=obliterate 毁灭 v.3. absorb=digest=take in=assimilate 吸收 v.4. severe=serious=stiff=heavy 严重的 adj.5. adapt to=get used to=become accustomed to=adjust to 适应 v.6. initiate=start=launch开始，发起 v.7. hinder=hamper=impede 阻碍 v.8. severe (extreme) weather condition 极端天气= nature force自然力量=climate disruption 气候扰乱Cambridge 7 TEST 31. dental=teeth 牙齿的 adj.2. advanced=developed=sophisticated=high-tech 先进的 adj.3. evidence=proof=documentation 证据 n.4. exchanging = swapping 交换5. closeness 亲近度 = distance 距离6. method方法= techniques 技术= ways 方式= approach方法Cambridge 7 TEST 41.foe=enemy敌人=opposite对方=opponent 对手=rival=counterpart 对方2.more than=exceed=over=in excess of 超过 v.3.Success成功=prosper繁荣=thrive兴旺 = achievement 成就4.apply=use=make use of=utilize 应用 v.5.raise=lift=lift up 使…上升 v.6.expose=show=reveal 暴露，揭发 v.7.intense=strong=passionate=powerful强烈的adj.8.random随机的 =arbitrary任意的9.fatigue=tiredness=exhaustion疲劳 n.10.manifest=show=reveal=present 显示 v.11.carry out=implement=put sth. into practice=execute 实行v.12.perform=conduct=carry out 执行，进行 v.Cambridge 6 TEST 11.expertise=skill 专门技术2.investigation调查=survey=poll调查=analysis分析3.local=domestic=native=indigenous 当地的，国内的adj.4.shipping=freight 船运 n.5.cargo=freight=goods 货物 n.6.tariff=charge收费=fee=tax 税费n.7.difficult=harsh=demanding=tough=challenging 困难的 adj..8.well-being=health 健康 n.9.impossible=out of the question=unlikely 不可能 adj.10.surrounding=environment=circumstance 环境 n.11.give up=abandon /surrender 放弃Cambridge 6 TEST 21.independent=self-reliant 自立的 adj.2.regular=daily 定期的adj.3.lonely=emotionally isolated 孤独的adj.4.misunderstanding=confusion 误解n.5.poor=impoverished= deprived = socially-disadvantaged 贫穷的，处于劣势的adj Cambridge 6 TEST 31.first=initial=early 最早的adj.2.early=earlier=first=ancient=historic 早期的adj.3.realistic=achievable=feasible 现实的，可行的adj.4.match =suit=fit 合适5.link to/ with=associate with=connect with=relate to 联系起来6.tend to=prone to 倾向于7.participate=be involved in=take part in=join 参加v.8.visible=disclosed=obvious=noticeable 可见的adj.9.judge=rate=criticize=assess=evaluate=appraise 评判v.10.delay=postpone=procrastinate=shelve=put off延后v.11.chance=likelihood=fortune=hope=possibility=opportunity=risk=luck 机会，运气n.12.production=yield=output 产量n.13.focus on=emphasize=aim at=concentrate on 集中于Cambridge 5 TEST 11.time limit=deadline时间限制，期限 n.2.rival=competitor 对手，竞争者 n.3.fault=defect=problem=trouble=flaw=weakness =bug=virus 错误，缺点4.cornerstone=basis=foundation=the key 基石n.5.expect=anticipate预期，期待 v.6.deliberately=intentionally=on purpose=purposely故意地 adv.7.persuade=convince=win over=talk around 说服 v.8.abundant=plenty=ample 充裕的，丰富的 adj.9.exaggerate=overstate夸张，夸大 v.10.perception=idea=notion=view=belief=insight 认识，观念，看法 n.11.intuition=instinct 直觉 n..12.crucial=important=critical=vital=essential 至关重要的 adj.13.attempt=effort 尝试，努力Cambridge 5 TEST 21.derive=originate=come from=stem from起源 v.2.impetus=momentum=stimulus=incentive=motivation动机，刺激 n.3.factor=reason=element=component=ingredient 因素 n.4.alternative=substitute=replacement替代物 n.5.accompany=keep company=be associated with 陪伴，伴随v.6.difficult=demanding=hard=tough困难的 adj.7.task=job=work=labour 任务，工作 n.8.relate to=depend on=link to=associate with=involve with 与…有关系 v.9.assessment=appraisal=evaluation=estimate=judgment评估，估计 v.10.emerge=appear=come forth出现 v.11.foster=cultivate=raise=nurture培养，养育 v.12.whereas=however=while=nevertheless=but=yet然而，但是 adv.Cambridge 5 TEST 31.outcome=result=conclusion=consequence 结果，后果 n.2.funding=money=funds=financial resource 资金，基金 n.3.valuable=precious=worthy宝贵的，珍贵的 adj.4.stimulate=encourage=activate=motivate鼓励，刺激 v.itary=battlefield=martial军事的adj.6.potential=possible=underlying=likely 潜在的，可能的adj.7.prospect=expectation=outlook展望，希望n.8.perception感知=insight见解=viewpoint观点=belief信念= folklore民间传说 Cambridge 5 TEST 41.remote=distant 遥远的 adj.2.require=desire=order=command 要求 v.3.undermine=destroy（destruction 名词）=damage=hurt=ruin 破坏 v.4.unusual=rare=strange=uncommon罕见的，不寻常的 adj.5.ordinary=standard=common=usual=general普通的,平常的adj.6.break=shatter=crack打碎，打破 v.7.examine=analyse=survey=inspect=study=detect=investigate检查，发现 v.8.dispute=debate=controversy=disagree=argue争论，争执n.&v.9.cue=implication=reminder=hint=signal 提示，信号，暗号n.10.regardless of=despite of=take no notice of = ignore不管，不注意。
剑桥雅思阅读同义词替换
Cambridge4 TEST1ignore=pay no attention=not pay any attention=take no notice=not take any notice忽略，无视v. encounter=face=confront=meet遇见，遭遇v.mistaken view=misconception错误的观点n.easy to reach=accessible容易达到的adj.change=modify(modification) 改变v.destruction=destroy=loss毁坏n.investigate=make inquiries=enquiries=go into=probe=look into 调查v.where=geographical location 表地点important=vital=essential=crucial重要的adj.reason=cause=factor=origins=root=stimulus=impetus原因n.protect=guard=safeguard=shield=conservation保护v.newspapers, television=media媒体n.where to live=habitat居住地n.get warmer=global warming变暖n.contribute to=play a part有助于v.survive=continuing existence幸存，活下来v.curriculum=course=syllabus课程n.link to=be connected with=be linked with把…和…相联系v.underdeveloped=degenerated=rudimentary不发达的adj.poor=bad=badly=not very good=no good at something=weak贫穷的，可怜的adj. exceptional=good=excellent=outstanding=brilliant=impressive=admirable超常的，例外的adj. mating=courtship交配.follow=track=tail=shadow=hound=stalk=stalker跟随，跟踪v.goo d vision ability=vision is obviously more useful…好的视力best=well=greatest=finest=ideal=top=number one =ultimate=optimum=definitive=unsurpassed=record-breaking极好的adj.surprised=amazed=astonished=astounded=be taken aback=startled感到惊讶的adj.volunteer=subject实验研究对象n.similar=resemble=like=alike相似的adj.blind=can not see瞎的adj.Cambridge4 TEST2initiative=on your own/by yourself=independently=on your own initiative=under your own steam=to be the person who starts something=plan=law主动的，自发的adj. 主动权n. increase=go up=rise=grow=climb=gain=escalate=pick up=widen=be on the increase=intensify=expand=build up上升，增加v.teach=educate=train=coach=instruct=bring up教学v.more than one language=bilingual=sb's second language多种语言n.determine=establish=identify=pinpoint=diagnose 决定v.young people=teenager=youth=in your teens=adolescent=minor年轻人n.community=all the people in a particular area, city, country etc.群体，团体，社区n. traditional=old-fashioned=outdated=outmoded=unfashionable传统的adj.fail=failure=not succeed=unsuccessful=vain=fruitless=unproductive=be a failure=go wrong=notwork=do no good=fall through失败v.endanger=to put someone or something in danger of being hurt=damaged=destroyed危及，使危险v.diverse=varied=variety=wide-ranging=mixed各种各样的adj.inevitable=certain to happen and impossible to avoid不可避免的adj.differ from=unusual与…不同v.reluctant=unwilling=not willing=drag your feet=be loath to do something=conservative勉强的adj.consult=ask somebody's advice=seek advice=get/obtain advice资询v.alternative=another=other=different=new=else=variation=variant另一个therapist=someone who has been trained to give a particular form of treatment for physical or mental illness临床医学家n.retrain=taking courses再教育v.salary=pay=wage=income=earnings=fee工资，收入n.long-term=chronic=long-running=long-standing=lasting=lifelong=prolonged=lingering=enduring =abiding=incurable长期的adj.complaint=complain=make a complaint=protest=object=complain抱怨n.illness=disease=virus=bug=infection疾病n.connection=relationship=link=correlation联系n.beneficial=be good for you/ do somebody good=wholesome=nutritious=nourishing=healthful有益的adj.insight=comprehension=understanding理解，见解n.physical=relating to the body=bodily身体的adj.hazard=risk=danger=threat障碍，危险n.accompany=with=together=along with=come wit陪伴,伴随mental=relating to the health or state of someone's mind精神上的，心理的adj.possible=possibility=can=potential=there is a chance/possibility可能的adj.reduction=decrease=drop=fall=cut 减少n.class=type=kind=sort=style=category=variety种类n.rehearsal=practice=training=run-through=exercise排练，演习n.peer=your peers are the people who are the same age as you, or who have the same type of job, social class etc同伴n.defensive=used or intended to protect someone or something against attack 防御n.strategy=way=method=approach=technique=system=tactics 方法，功略n.assist=help=aid=with the aid of帮助v.specific=give (somebody) more details=expand on=enlarge on=go into more=greater detail=be more specific=be more explicit=elaborate特定的adj.substance=a particular type of solid, liquid, or gas 物质n.surroundings=environment=circumstance 环境n.engage=give somebody a job=employ=take on=appoint=recruit=sign up雇佣v.combine=mix=stir=beat=blend=whisk=dilute联合v.survival=the state of continuing to live or exist幸存n.Cambridge4 TEST3quotation= a sentence or phrase from a book, speech etc which you repeat in a speech or piece of writing because it is interesting or amusing 引言n.exemplify= example=case=instance=to be a very typical example of something=to give an example of something 例证v.explain=tell=say what/why/where etc=show=demonstrate=go through=throw/shed light on=set out解释v.outline= to describe something in a general way, giving the main points but not the details概述v. purpose=aim=point=idea=objective=object=goal= target=end目的n.encourage=persuade=persuasion=get somebody to do something=influence=encourage=talk somebody into=put somebody up to鼓励v.loan= an amount of money that you borrow from a bank etc. 贷款n.poverty= being poor贫穷n.crime= illegal activities in general犯罪n.reject=to refuse to accept, believe in, or agree with something 拒绝v.employ=give somebody a job=take on=engage= appoint=recruit=sign up雇佣v.courier=a person or company that is paid to take packages somewhere快递员n.storage=keep=store=keep something in storage=preserve 存储n.facility=rooms, equipment, or services that are provided for a particular purpose 设备n. ambitious=ambition=power-hungry/power-mad=competitive= determined to be successful, rich, powerful etc.有志向的，雄心壮志的adj.effort=to try very hard to do something= attempt=campaign=drive努力n.feature= a part of something that you notice because it seems important, interesting, or typical；a part of the land, especially a part that you can see: a part of someone's face, such as their eyes, nose etc特点n.planet= the world=earth/Earth=the globe 地球n.unpredictable=can't say/tell=unforeseeable=it remains to be seen 无法预测的adj.machinery=machines, especially large ones= a system or set of processes for doing something=machine=device=robot=appliance=mechanism 机械n.ultimate=someone's ultimate aim is their main and most important aim, that they hope to achieve in the future= final最终的，根本的adj.atmosphere= the feeling that an event or place gives you= the mixture of gases that surrounds the Earth气氛; 大气n.occur=happen=take place=there is=come about=come up=turn up=arise=strike发生v.expand= get bigger=grow=swell up=stretch扩张，扩大v.form= type= way something is/appears=shape形式n.emerge=appear=become visible=come into view/come into sight=come out=reappear 出现v. emit= to send out gas, heat, light, sound etc 发出，放射n.situation= circumstances=position=case=plight情况，状况n.self-conscious=worried and embarrassed about what you look like or what other people think of you自觉的n.generate= to make someone have a particular feeling= form=produce=create 产生v.various=there are several different types of that thing=different=a variety of something=differing=varying=an assortment of something=assorted=a mix of something=a mixture of something各种各样的adj.convenient= a thing or way of doing something that is easy and quick; a time or arrangement that is convenient 方便的adj.objective=impartial=neutral=not take sides=unbiased=disinterested客观的adj.enquiry=investigate=make inquiries/enquiries=go into=probe=look into=solve=be under investigation 调查observe=notice=can see/can tell=see=spot=detect=note become aware/conscious=catch somebody's eye=perceive观察v.comment=remark=thing to say=point=statement= announcement=declaration=observation评论include=consist of=comprise=be composed of= be made up of包含，包括v.focus on=deals only with=concentrate专注于v.affect=have an effect=have an impact=take effect= make a difference=impact影响v.gained from=come from=be based on=originate= go back to=have its origins in=have its roots in=derive from/be derived from=develop from/evolve from产生于…. V.concern=worry=stress=anxiety=strain= a feeling of worry about something important关心，担心n.Cambridge4 TEST4official=formal=authorized=on (the) record官方的，正式的adj.athletic=physically strong and good at sport=fit=be in shape=be in good condition运动的adj. intensive=involving a lot of activity, effort, or careful attention in a short period of time=rapid=crash course密集的，加强的adj.burst=a short sudden effort or increase in activity=burst of anger/enthusiasm/temper etc 爆炸，突发recognize=know=identify=pick out=tell认出，承认v.inadequate=not enough=too little=few=scarce=insufficient=be in short supply=lack of something=be short 不足的adj.develop=come from=be based on=originate=go back to=have its origins in=have its roots in=derive from=be derived from=be founded on=grow out of=develop from=evolve from发展，生长v.enable=make something possible=allow=permit=pave the way for=clear the way for使能够v. predict=anticipate=forecast=foretell=prediction=projected=guess in advance预测v.specialist=someone who knows a lot about a particular subject, or is very skilled at it=expert专家n.theoretical=relating to the study of ideas, especially scientific ideas, rather than with practical uses of the ideas or practical experience理论的adj.basic=fundamental=essential=central=underlying=simple=crude=primitive=rudimentary=unsophi sticated=low-tech基本的adj.nature=plants/animals etc=somebody's character=qualities of something=type自然n.aim=purpose=point=idea=objective=object=goal=target=end目的n.translate=change languages=interpret=put something into English/French/Japanese etc翻译v. ancient=belonging to a time long ago in history, especially thousands of years ago 古老的adj. realistic=when pictures, films etc make things seem real=lifelike=realism=true to life=vivid实际的，现实的field=area=branch=world=domain=realm=sphere领域n.document=a piece of paper that has official information on it；a piece of written work that is stored on a computer文件n.equal=the same in number, amount, level etc as something else平等的adj.influence=effect=side effect=impact=what something does to=the implications 影响n. behavior=manner=conduct=behave=well-behaved=good=be on your best=stay out of trouble行为n.compare=to examine or judge two or more things in order to show how they are similar to or different from each other=liken=make a comparison=draw an analogy=draw a parallel=contrast 比较v.economically=in a way that is related to systems of money, trade, or business经济上地adv. establish=determine=identify=pinpoint=diagnose=to start a new business or organization.建立新的生意/组织v.sustainable=able to continue without causing damage to the environment; able to continue for a long time可持续的adj.realize=know=be/become aware=can tell=appreciate=be conscious=know perfectly well=know/learn from experience意识到v.limit=restrict=set/impose/put a limit=keep to/keep within=confine=fix 限制produce=form=create=generate生产v.guarantee=promise=assure=give somebody your word=swear=vow=commit to=pledge保证v. liberty=freedom=a free hand自由n.independence=self-sufficiency=self-reliance 独立n.consistent=always behaving in the same way or having the same attitudes, standards etc - usually used to show approval持续的adj.underestimate=to think or guess that something is smaller, cheaper, easier etc than it really is=to think that someone is not as good, clever, or skilful, as they really are低估v.provision=when you provide something that someone needs now or in the future 提供n. Cambridge5 TEST1produce=develop=manufacture生产v.central=middle中心的adj.did not have=without没有v.bring=confer=award=present=grant=confer=allocate=offer带来v.time limit=deadline时间限制，期限n.increase=go up/rise=grow=climb=gain=escalate=expand=pick up=widen=intensify=build up增加assistant=helper=coach 助手n.immense=big=major=considerable=great=huge/enormous=tremendous=large scale/large-scale巨大的adj.illustrate=show=be a sign=demonstrate=mean=make clear=reflect=tell=be evidence=reveal 表明，显示v.quotation=a phrase or sentence that is well-known or often used 引用语n.predecessor=someone who had your job before you started doing it 前辈，前任n.rival=a person, group, or organization that you compete with in sport, business, a fight etc=competitor 对手，竞争者n.distraction=something that stops you paying attention to what you are doing分心的事物n.fault=defect=problem=trouble=flaw=weakness =bug=virus=be something wrong with 错误，缺点cornerstone=basis=foundation=the key 基石n.confer=award=present=grant=allocate 给予v.stability=the condition of being steady and not changing稳定n.prevail=win=come out on top=prevail=carry the day流行,获胜v.contract=agreement=understanding=compromise 合约n.grant=award=present=confer=allocate给予v.fascinate=if someone or something fascinates you, you are attracted to them and think they are extremely interesting吸引，使着迷v.disturb=interrupt=bother=distract=put somebody off 打扰v.expect=think=anticipate预期，期待v.psychology=the study of the mind and how it influences people's behavior 心理学n.obey=comply with=abide by=keep to=stick to the rules=conform to=observe=respect=toe the line=go by the book/do something by the book 服从，顺从v.identity=someone's identity is their name or who they are 身份n.severity=used of the degree of something undesirable 严重性n.unfold=open=happen=develop=expand 展开，发生v.deliberately=intentionally=on purpose=purposely故意地adv.moral=relating to the principles of what is right and wrong behavior, and with the difference between good and evil 道德上的，与道德有关的adj.prior to=before=previous在…前面repetition=doing or saying the same thing many times重复n.genetic=relating to genes or genetics基因的，遗传学的adj.sacrifice=when you decide not to have something valuable, in order to get something that is more important牺牲v.victim=someone who has been attacked, robbed, or murdered受害者n.forge=form=counterfeit 形成;伪造v.persuade=convince=win over=talk around 说服v.surrender=give in 投降，放弃v.extinct=an extinct type of animal or plant does not exist anymore=disappear=vanish灭绝的，绝种的adj.abundant=plenty=ample 充裕的，丰富的adj.exaggerate=overstate夸张，夸大v.phenomenon=something that happens or exists in society, science, or nature, especially something that is studied because it is difficult to understand 现象n.perception=idea=notion=view=belief=insight 认识，观念，看法n.impression=infection=effect=influence=affection印象，感想n.entitle=to give someone the official right to do or have something 使某人有权利/资格v. distortion=a change for the worse=deformation扭曲，曲解v.dispose=to arrange things or put them in their places=arrange=settle=manage=cope with=deal with 安排，处理v.intuition=the ability to understand or know something because of a feeling rather than by considering the facts=instinct 直觉n.emission=a gas or other substance that is sent into the air排放物，散发物n.diminish=reduce=decrease=fall=lessen=cut 减少，减小v.postpone=put back=delay=adjourn 延期，推迟v.crucial=important=critical=vital=necessary=essential 至关重要的adj.pessimistic=expecting that bad things will happen in the future or that something will have a bad result=getting worse悲观的adj.attempt=purpose=order=effort 尝试，努力Cambridge5 TEST2similar=like=resemble相似的adj.derive=originate=come from=stem from起源v.impetus=momentum=stimulus=incentive=motivation=encouragement 动机，动力n. generate=produce=bring into existence=make=manufacture产生v.couple with=and=accompany=with 伴随v.factor=reason=element=component=ingredient 因素n.unique=have the distinction=distinct=different=extraordinary=special独特的adj.advance=progress=development=growth=increase进步n.field=domain=territory=industry=sector领域n.alternative=substitute=replacement替代物n.like=such as=for example=for instance 例如resource=material=source资源，来源n.limited=restricted=exhaustible=finite有限的adj.involve=rely on=contain=comprise 包含，牵涉v.current=modern=recent=present最近的adj.particular=extraordinary=special=detail=specific=unique特别的，独有的adj.draw on=absorb=do with吸收v.settle on=make choice of=decide on选定v.superiority=advantage=edge=high quality优势n.accompany=when=keep company=be associated with 陪伴，伴随v.view=belief=opinion=insight=perception 观点n.artificial intelligence=reasoning in machine人工智能n.involve with=associate with=link to=relate to与…有关联v.release=issue=launch=convey=public=deliver 发行，发表v.difficult=demanding=hard=tough困难的adj.task=job=work=labour 任务，工作n.instantly=rapidly=immediately立即地adv.react=respond 反应v.relate to=depend on=link to=associate with=involve with 与…有关系v.subject views=outlook=personal/individual views=personal/individual opinions 主观观点n. distort=to change the appearance, sound, or shape of something so that it is strange or unclear; to report something in a way that is not completely true or correct=misinterpret 扭曲，歪曲v. figure out=settle=decide=tell=understand 理解，想出v.assessment=appraisal=evaluation=estimate=judgment评估，估计v.emerge=appear=come forth出现v.remain=keep=stay=maintain保持v.exploitation=development=utilization=usage利用，使用n.foster=cultivate=raise=nurture培养，养育v.overtake=catch up=sweep over赶上，压倒v.initial=original=premier最初的，开始的adj.whereas=however=while=nevertheless=but=yet然而，但是adv.Cambridge5 TEST3outcome=product=result=conclusion=consequence 结果，后果n.overcome=win=get over=exceed克服，战胜v.insufficient=deficient=shortage=lack=scarcity不足的adj.supply=provide=furnish=give 提供v.launch=release=project=send=shot=emit 开始，投放v.suppose=expect=imagine=guess=speculate=think猜想，设想v.detect=perceive=explore=sense发觉，觉察v.handicap=difficult=obstacle=hindrance=bar=deterrent 障碍，困难n.peer=the people who are at the same age as you, or who have the same type of job, social class etc.同龄人，伙伴n.positive=optimistic=uplifting 积极的adj.administer=manage=conduct=implement=perform执行，管理v.funding=money=funds=financial resource 资金，基金n.interact=if people interact with each other, they talk to each other, work together etc. 互动v. irrigation=the supplement of land or crops with water 灌溉n.sedimentation=the natural process by which small pieces of rock, earth etc settle at the bottom of the sea etc and form a solid layer 积淀n.interrupt=break=violate=cut in打断，打扰v.process=procedure=method=approach过程n.threat=danger=intimidation 威胁n.valuable=precious=worthy宝贵的，珍贵的adj.construct=build=make=found 建造v.blame=to say or think that someone or something is responsible for something bad责备，怪罪v. stimulate=encourage=activate=motivate鼓励，刺激v.long-term=long-run=long-period长期的adj.impact=affect=influence=effect影响v.&n.occur=happen=exist=come发生v.contain=include=cover=possess 包含v.military=battlefield=martial军事的adj.separate=disparate=distinct=different分开的，不同的adj.vanish=extinct=disappear 消失v.consciousness=awareness 意识n.ignite=light=inflame点燃v.encompass=include=contain=cover包含，围绕v.reckon=think=suppose=believe=imagine=expect=feel认为v.widespread=universal=extensive=popular=general广泛的，普遍的adj.launch=coin=project=release=issue创新，开辟v.contemporary=modern-day, present-day同时代的adj.potential=possible=underlying=likely=expected=latent 潜在的，可能的adj.prospect=expectation=outlook=chance展望，希望n.perception=idea=insight=viewpoint感觉，领悟n.Cambridge5 TEST4community=organization=group=body团体n.fragile=delicate脆弱的adj.remote=distant 遥远的adj.require=desire=order=command要求v.inhabitant=resident=dweller居住者，居民n.consequently=thus=accordingly=hence=therefore=as a result 结果，因此adv. destination=goal=end point=terminus目的地n.throughout=around=wholly=everywhere=end-to-end自始至终，到处，全部adv. operate=act=run运转v.output=product输出，产品n.decline=reduction=fall=slump=decrease=recession 下降n.undermine=destroy=damage=hurt=ruin 破坏v.revive=renaissance复兴v.unusual=rare=strange=uncommon罕见的，不寻常的adj.ordinary=standard=common=usual=general普通的,平常的adj.fragment=shard=debris=pieces=ruins碎片n.break=shatter=crack打碎，打破v.interior=inner layer=inside 内部的n. &adj.insist=claim=argue=believe=think坚持，坚称v.expand=extend=grow=boom=spread out=enhance扩张，扩大v.suppress=control=restrain=repress=put down=oppress=inhibit=ban=forbid=stifle 压制v. speed up=increase speed=quicken up=accelerate speed加速v.examine=analyse=survey=inspect=study=detect=investigate检查，调查v.dispute=debate=controversy=disagree=argue争论，争执n.&v.detect=analyse=explore=research=survey=investigate=inspect 察觉，发现v.claim=say=state=insist=argue=think=believe声称v.cue=implication=reminder=hint=evidence提示，信号，暗号n.unpredictable=fluctuate=changeable无法预测的adj.be referred to as=be known as=be regarded as 被称为encourage=induce=trigger=stimulate=boost=inspire鼓励，促使v.considerable=plenty=big=major=important数量可观的adj.regardless of=despite of=take no notice of 不管，不顾adequate=plenty=proper=appropriate=suitable充足的,适当的adj.assure=make sure=guarantee=ensure=insure=secure=make certain of保证，确保v. suitable=appropriate=proper=adequate=matching 合适的adj.Cambridge6 TEST1exchange=apply something learned in one to others=change 交流v.expertise=skill 专门技术n.employ=analyze=study 使用v.investigation=analysis 调查n.narrow=focus on 缩小范围v.reproduce=copy=replicate=repeat 复制v.funded support=finance 资金n.athlete=sportsmen and women 运动员n.calculate=measure 计算v.event=championship 赛事n.plan=prepare=design 计划v.improve=grow=get better 进步v.trade=economy 贸易n.transport=import or export=deliver 运输v.local=domestic=native=indigenous 当地的adj.weakening=less=reduced=decreased 下降的adj.value=worth=price=credit=use=benefit=profit 价值n.delivery=export or import 运输n.nearby nations=geographic neighbours 近邻n.international=ocean=global=worldwide 国际的adj.shipping=freight 船运n.cargo=freight=goods 货物n.tariff=charge=fee=tax 税费n.landscape=environment=nature=surrounding=circumstance=view风景n. difficult=harsh=demanding=tough=challenging 困难的adj.essential supplies=food and clothing=necessities 必需品n.supply=provision=support 供给n.grow=increase=rise=improve=go up=boost=expand=extend 增长v. respect=credibility=weight=hour=admiration=consideration尊重n. understanding=knowledge 了解n.well-being=health 健康n.impossible=out of the question=unlikely 不可能adj.catch=exploit=capture 抓捕v.surrounding=environment=circumstance 环境n.push to one's limits=test one's limits 挑战极限not unmanageable=can cope with 能处理的present inhabitant=descendant 居民give up=abandon 放弃mainly=heavily=most 主要地visit=venture 参观Cambridge6 TEST2successfully=spectacularly well=wonderfully 成功地adv.people power=local pressure groups 群众力量n.commute=travel 通勤v.higher=increasing=more 更高的adj.income=wealth=salary=wage=payment 收入n.beneficial=valuable=profitable=good 有益的adj.together=face to face 共同refute=not mean=rebut=deny 反驳v.accommodation=live=living condition 住宿n.usage=use=benefit=profit 用处n.averagely good=reasonable but not special 较好的limited=minimal 有限的adj.move from one to another=adopt one over another 转移show=reveal=uncover=indicate=point out=imply 表明related=associated 有关联的adj.suffer=be afflicted 忍受（病痛）v.research=study=investigation=survey 研究n.affect=afflict=influence=change 影响v.disease=medical complain=illness 病痛n.increase=surge=rise=gain=grow=go up=add=escalate 上升v.link=correlation=connection=relationship 关系n.considerable=significant=substantial=massive=marked大量的adj. reduction=drop=concession=fall=decrease 下降n.elderly people=old people 老人n.independent=self-reliant 自立的adj.regular=daily 定期的adj.exercise=physical activity 运动n.challenging=difficult=tough=demanding 有挑战性的adj. decline=deteriorate=reduce=drop=decrease 下降v.lonely=emotionally isolated 孤独的adj.hand signal=gesture=body language 手势n.restricted=limited 有限的adj.concept=abstract idea=definition 定义n.specific=particular=detailed 特定的adj.early=older 早期的adj.fulfill=qualify=achieve=keep=satisfy 完成v.sufficient=enough 足够的adj.quantity=how many=amount 数量n.misunderstanding=confusion 误解n.prevent=resolve=forbid=stop 防止v.poor=lack of=impoverished 贫穷adj.newer=later=recent=present 新的adj.ancestor=early people=predecessor 祖先n.Cambridge6 TEST3teach=educate=cultivate=nature 教育v.actor=star 演员n.first=initial=early=primary 最早的adj.storyline=narrative=plot 故事情节n.globe=world 世界n.early=first=ancient 早期的adj.passing of time=flow of time 时光的流逝describe=tell 描述v.realistic=achievable 现实的adj.target=goal=aim 目标n.feedback=comment=advice=criticism 反馈n.match to=suit to 合适reward=promotion or advancement=prize=benefit 奖励n.link to=make something contingent on=associate with=connect with=relate to 联系起来achievement=attainment=gain=success 成就n.remuneration=payment 酬金n.tend to=prone to 倾向于feel=perceive=think=find=experience=notice=have an opinion 感觉v.participate=be involved in=take part in=join 参加v.staff=employee=worker 员工n.visible=disclosed=obvious=noticeable 可见的adj.clerical worker=clerk 书记员n.judge=rate=criticize=assess=evaluate=gauge=appraise 评判v.job=work=assignment 工作n.delay=slow=prolong=postpone=procrastinate=shelve=put off延后v.growing old=ageing 变老people=mortal=people=individual 人n.life=lifespan 生命chance=likelihood=fortune=hope=possibility=opportunity=risk=luck 机会n.production=generation=output 产量n.theory=hypothesis=guess=guesswork 猜想n.focus on=emphasize=aim at=concentrate on 集中于short=scarce=limited=insufficient 短缺的adjCambridge6 TEST4drug company=pharmaceutical company 医药公司n.promotion=marketing 营销n.increase=escalate=rise=go up=grow 上升v.research=study=survey=investigation 研究n.work=be an effective way=be useful=help=achieve=succeed=have an effect=happen=turn out 奏效v.technique=strategy=skill=expertise=method=way 技术n.criticism=judgement=skepticism=disapproval=denunciation 批评n.moral=ethical 道德的adj.legitimate=have every right to do=legal=right=authorized 合法的adj.money=profit=benefit=income=currency 钱n.adults=men and women 成人n.maternal=mother=female 母亲的adj.education=literacy=cultivation 教育n.child=infant=kid 孩子n.approximately=about=around=nearly 大约adv.impressive=greatest=touching=unforgettable 印象深刻的adj.programme=campaign=project 项目n.common=persistent=normal=usual=ordinary=everyday 常见的adj.be halved=decline by 50% 减半key=most important=crucial=critical=significant 关键的adj. produce=develop=generate=engineer=manufacture 生产v.detailed=explicit=specific 细节的adj.on its own=alone 自身however=but=yet 但是self-confidence=assertiveness=confidence 自信n.effective=useful=beneficial=good=needed 有效的adj.distinguish=recognize the difference=differentiate 区别v. Cambridge7 TEST1rely on=depend on 依靠v.avoid=stay away=keep away=steer clear of=make a detour 避免v.die out=extinct=disappear=no longer exist 灭绝v.hunt=search for=look for=try to find=in search of 打猎v.limb=arm or leg=body=organ 四肢n.perceive=sense=see=spot=become aware of=observe 感知，感觉v. calculate=measure=work out=figure=estimate=access 计算v. detection=finding=observation 探测n.coin=invent=make=create=come up with 发明，创造v.inaccurate=incorrect=wrong=misleading 不精确的adj.revision=change=shift=reform=alteration 改进n.downward=fall=drop=downhill 下降的adj.increasing=soaring=growing=rising 上升的adj.primarily=mainly=largely=chiefly=principally 主要地adv.due to=because of=as a result of=thanks to=owing to 因为decrease=reduce=fall=drop 下降v.radical=not traditional=new=unconventional 激进的adj.prior to=beforehand=before=in advance=on the eve of 之前demanding=difficult=hard=challenging=tough 要求高的，艰难的adj. well known=notorious=famous=renowned 著名的adj.admit=acknowledge=confess=to tell the truth 承认v.be similar to=like=resemble=bear a resemblance to=akin to 相似v. result in=lead to=cause=give rise to=bring about 引发，导致sophisticated=advanced=high-tech=complex=complicated 复杂的address=solve=deal with=handle 处理v.imitate=copy=impersonate=follow one's example 模仿v.maintain=continue=carry on=keep up=preserve 维持v.feed=eat=have=chew=swallow=consume 喂食v.illustrate=show=demonstrate=make clear=reflect 说明v.memorise=learn=commit something to memory 记忆v. conventional=traditional=conformist=conservative 传统的v.notice=see=spot=be aware of=be conscious of 注意到v.retain=keep=save=hold on to 保持v.convince=persuade=win sb. over=satisfy 使确信v.。
剑桥雅思阅读替换同义词最全
剑桥雅思阅读替换同义词雅思阅读题目出题的本质是三种替换：同义词/词组替换,句型替换,语法替换,笔者将从这三方面根据学生课堂笔记进行分类整理.以下是剑桥真题中的考点词,替换词,一次多义总结：1.rigid/stiff/unchanged/little change僵硬的,一成不变的2.significant/enormous/dramatic/tremendous/appreciably/remarkable/crucial/巨大的,明显的,程度大的/substantial3.approximately 将近-nearly, almost5.be involved <in>/involve in/involvement[n.]涉及,卷入,参与6.given/considering , in regard to/despite/although有鉴于、考虑到,尽管6.induce [v] 引入,引导,引诱/inductive [n] 归纳>< deduce/deductive推断8.deplete 开采完,耗尽/exhaust–exhaust emission <尾气>排放/exploit9 plex 错综复杂的/complicated/sophisticated老奸巨滑的,复杂的10.capacity能力,容量/competence〔竞争〕能力/ability能力〔笼统的〕11.确保,保障：Secure-security/ensure <insure>/guarantee 押金13.a vast arrayof 系列/a great variety of 花样,品种/a great rang 系列of14.pesticide 杀虫/suicide 自杀/homicide/murder杀人15.believe/assume<responsibility>/suppose16.授权,委托：authorize/commission 佣金/entitle 头衔+ment =right 〔权利〕18. ethnic 种族的/ethic 伦理,道德的+ s =[n]19. modify/change [v] shift work 轮班工作[n]20. insight/knowledge/learning/understanding/knowing21.constrain拘泥,限制/restrict 限制/limit22.circumstance 环境〔社会〕/surroundings/environment 环境〔环保〕背景background 后台/settings后台,布景/context 上下文〔文章中〕23.notorious 臭名昭著的/flagrant臭的><fragrant 香的24.移民：immigrant <进来>/emigrant<出去>/migrant25.兴旺,繁荣；prosperous/thriving/booming〔人口,行业〕/flourishing26.神圣的：divine/heavenly/holy/sacred27.有毒的：poisonous/toxic < in-, non- 无毒的>28.致命的：deadly/fatal/lethal/mortal29.类似于：look like/resemble30. chronic长期的,慢性的— long-term长期的31.网恋：virtuallove/cyber love32.网友：on-line/net/cyberfriend上网〔聊天〕chat on line/go on-line cyber café/网吧33.evolve-evolution进化/revolute-revolution 革命,旋转/involve-involution 卷入,涉及34. indicator/predictor表示诠释,预测37. 优点,长处,美德：advantage/merit/virtue/length38. commonest/frequent39. 未开发的,初级的：rudimentary/underdeveloped40. 退化：degenerate/-tion [n] ->generate 生产,制造/degrade->grade 等级/deteriorate 恶化,每况愈下41. 分类：category-categorize/class-classify42.consequence后果->影响/subsequence紧跟其后/sequence=order秩序/frequency频率43.clash冲突〔民族,种族〕/crash 飞机坠毁44. substitution=> substitute sth for sb/replace45.alternative=> 选择性,代替性,辅助性46.孤立：isolate/alienate/insulate隔绝, 排外,孤立->be alien to/insulate <-ior>绝缘,隔〔体〕47．缺点,不足之处：defect/flaw/failing/disadvantage/drawback48.创新的,发明的,新颖的,创新的：inventive <-tion>/innovative<-tion>/creative<-tion>/ingenious <ity>/novel <-ty>=>[n]/creative/revolutionary <易错拼写：environment/convenient>49．neutral中立的,中性的/negative 否定,消极,阴性的/positive 肯定,积极,阳性的50．ambiguous->ambiguity模棱两可的,暧昧的/obscure51 municate 沟通,传达52.accommodate1供...食宿,2=adapt to 适应,调整,3=hold 容纳,4使…停靠53 mitment1 ~ to sth. 奉献2责任,义务54．contribute to 导致~ result in/account for<占据>导致54.缺乏的,不足的：inadequate/insufficient/deficient/lack <of>/short<of>55.强调：emphasize/stress/highlight/focus on/concentrate明显的：apparently 显而易见的/patently道貌岸然的/obviously=>evidently …怀疑：<be>/skeptical/skeptical/dubious/suspicious <about/of>57.缺点,缺陷：drawback/fault/defect/imperfection/failing/weakness/shortcoming/flaw58.臭命昭著的：notorious->notoriety/flagrant/smelly/odorous59.机构,组织：association/structure/organization60.超过：exceed/surpass61.岩浆：molten rock/lava/magma62.语言：linguist ~学家/lingual和~有关的/bilingual/双语63.多种多样的：diversity/variety/breed/speciesbreed：[n]品种,[v]繁殖,培养,引起,造成64.dialect 方言accent腔调65.开始的,初步的：begin/launch/initial <-ly> [v]首字母,开始的/initiate开始,发动>initiative 原创性= origin66.贫穷：poor/in poverty/impoverished〔被剥夺财产的〕67.杰出：eminence <-t>/prominence<-t>/unusual68.gene/genetic defect ~缺陷/anatomy解剖/conceive构思,怀孕/deliver分娩69.辅助性：alternative补充性/therapist70.演绎,推理：deduce->deductive/inferential >< induce 引导,引入,归纳-> induction归纳71.令人困惑的：bewildering/puzzling/perplexing72.apply：紧靠,涂,将…应用于,适用,专心致力于,献身于73.subsidize辅助/subsidy补助,补贴/subsidiary74.a factor in sth/depend on sth75.be preferred by/choice76.attitude to/how77.the present century/modernsociety79.in term of 按照,在…方面,关于/with regard to, in spiteof 不顾,尽管80. small-scale 小X围/marginal边缘处的81. physical/medical82.negotiation/agreement 谈判,洽谈/商定,协议85.virtual <love>/simulate模拟的〔网恋〕/模拟86.catastrophe/disaster 大灾难/灾难,不幸87.innovate/invent 革新,创新/发明,创造sculpture/craft 雕刻,雕塑/工艺88.exorbitant/expensive 过度的,极高的/费用大的,昂贵的89. be participant in/take part in/participate inbour[美,澳]/work91.attend to/take care of92.dual employment/dual-worker双职工〔家庭〕93.indicate/predict 指示,表明,象征/预料,预言A major contributorto/becentral to 来源,起点/是…的主要,中心原因94.expert/therapist 专家,能手；知识丰富的/某个专科的专家95.lead to/be associated with 相联系〔带来…的好处〕97.handicap/disabled/primitive 残疾的,落后的98. could not-and cannot/hasalways been unable to by/from101.agree on/define103.masquerade/<in> disguise伪装’t seriously 不重要/不严重的105.inspect/examine审核,检查106．caliber/criterion 标准107．no-one know>< notorious无人知晓><臭名昭著的108．dissatisfy/argue 不满意/厌恶,讨厌109.pessimism/negative/blue >< optimistic 悲观的,忧郁的>< 乐观的… into/become114.demolish/knock down/dismantle 毁坏,拆毁〔建筑物〕/敲,打…猛攻,充电,负责,付费,控诉117.separate/split 分开,使隔绝,提取/分,劈开118.fascination/attraction <-e:[v]> 迷住,吸引住120.decode/decipher 译解〔密码〕,解释121.delay/drawback= disadvantage 耽误,延迟/欠缺,弊端122.association/organization 机构,关联/组织125.recognized/identified 承认,识别,认可/识别,鉴别126.aim to/focus on 针对,目标,打算/集中…to/lead to连接/导致,通向128. inadequate <diet>/deficiency <in trace minerals> 不充分,不适当的/缺乏,不足129.basic/fundamental基础的,基本的130.seize/catch 捕捉,抓住132.success on/running on 成功134.be obtained in/be derivedin 获得,流行,通用/由…产生,起源于136.be alike/be similar to 相同的,相似的137.indicate/show显示,指出,象征138. eliminate/lessen >< 消除/减少139. not risensignificantly/stagnate 停滞不前的140.salary/wage 工资：总称/蓝领的141.create/gain创造,造成/获得,增加efficiently/increased productivity 有效率的/上升的生产率144.<be> sympathetic/understand 同情的,赞同/理解146.change/different来源:恒星英语网147.die>< exist死亡><存在149.be out of date/bedeveloped153.higher position/top post154.Advantage: virtue, merit,benefit , positive aspect, strength, 好处,优点,长处155.Disadvantage: weakness,failing, weakness, defect, drawback, negative aspect,fault不利,缺点,缺陷156.Casual: arbitrary, unplanned, unexpected,随意的157.Effective: efficient, effectual, fruitful, productive,valid多效的158.Criticize: reproach, blame, 批评159.Flaw: weakness, defect缺点160.Ability; capability, power, caliber能力161.Dishonest: deceptive不诚实的162.Fair: equitable, equal, impartial, 公平的163.Success: achievement,feat成功来源:恒星英语网164.Reason:factor, contributor, origin, 原因165.Result: outcome, consequence,implication结果166.Result from: arise from, originate from, be due to, thanksto, 由于,因为167.Give rise to: contribute to, lead to, result in, cause, breed,create, incur导致168.Disaster: catastrophe 灾难169.Pollute: contaminate污染170.Poisonous: toxic 有毒的171.Decrease; fall, drop, plunge, decline,step back, downward, minimize, abate 下降172.Increase: rise, go up, surge,grow, 上升173.Growing: increasing, rising, 上升的。
最新雅思阅读中的同义词替换汇总
雅思阅读中的同义词替换汇总1. abandon, desert, forsake, leave, give up：这些动词或词组均含“抛弃、放弃”之意abandon:强调永远或完全放弃或抛弃人或事物等，这可能是被迫的，也可能是自愿的。
desert:着重指违背法律责任和义务，或自己的信仰与誓言的行为，多含非难的意味。
forsake:侧重断绝感情上的依恋，自愿抛弃所喜欢的人或物。
也指抛弃信仰或改掉恶习。
leave:普通用词，指舍弃某事或某一职业，或终止同一某人的关系，但不涉及动机与果。
give up:普通用语，侧重指没有希望或因外界压力而放弃。
2. ability, capacity, capability, genius, talent, competence, faculty, gift, aptitude这些名词均可表示人的“能力，才能”之意。
ability:普通用词，指人先天的或学来的各种能力。
capacity:侧重指人的潜在能力，通常不指体力，多指才智，尤指接受与领悟能力。
capability:多用于人，指胜任某项具体工作的能力，也指本身具有、尚未发挥的潜在能力。
常与of或for连用。
genius:语气最强，指天赋的高度才能与智力。
talent:着重指人某方面具有可发展和倍养的突出天赋才能，但语意比genius弱。
competence:正式用词，侧重指令人满意的业务能力与水平，达到胜任某项工作等的要求。
faculty:指特殊的才能或智力。
gift:着重个人的天赋的才能或在某方面的显著本领，常暗含不能用一般规律作解释的意味。
aptitude:多指先天或后天习得的运用自如的能力，常暗示接受能力强，能迅速掌握一种学术训练或艺术技巧。
3. able, capable, competent：这些形容词均含有“有能力的，能干的”之意able:最常用词，多用于褒义，着重指多方面的，经常性的，或潜在性的能力。
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雅思阅读同义词替换(Cambridge 5)1. produce=develop=manufacture 生产v.2 central=middle 中心的adj.3 did not have=without 没有v.4 bring=confer=award=present=grant=confer=allocate=offer 带来v.5 time limit=deadline 时间限制，期限n.6 increase=/rise=grow=climb=gain=escalate=expand=pickup=widen=intensify=build up 增加7. assistant=helper=coach 助手n.8. immense=big=major=considerable=great=huge/enormous=tremendous=large scale/large-scale 巨大的adj.9. illustrate=show=demonstrate=mean=makeclear=reflect=tell=be evidence=reveal 表明，显示v.10. quotation=a phrase or sentence that is well-known or often used 引用语n.11. predecessor=someone who had your job before you started doing it前辈，前任n.12. rival=a person, group, or organization that you compete with in sport,business, a fight etc=competitor 对手，竞争者n.13. distraction=something that stops you paying attention to what youare doing 分心的事物n.14. fault=defect=problem=trouble=flaw=weakness=bug=virus=besomething wrong with 错误，缺点15. cornerstone=basis=foundation=the key 基石n.16. confer=award=present=grant=allocate 给予v.17. stability=the condition of being steady and not changing 稳定n.18. prevail=win=come out on top=prevail=carry the day 流行,获胜v.19. contract=agreement=understanding=compromise 合约n.20. grant=award=present=confer=allocate 给予v.21. fascinate=if someone or something fascinates you, you are attracted tothem and think they are extremely interesting 吸引，使着迷v.22. disturb=interrupt=bother=distract=put somebody off 打扰v.23. expect=think=anticipate 预期，期待v.24. psychology=the study of the mind and how it influences people'sbehavior 心理学n.25. obey=comply with=abide by=keep to=stick to the rules=conformto=observe=respect=toe the line=go by the book/do something by thebook 服从，顺从v.26. identity=someone's identity is their name or who they are 身份n.27. severity=used of the degree of something undesirable 严重性n.28. unfold=open=happen=develop=expand 展开，发生v.29. deliberately=intentionally=on purpose=purposely 故意地adv.30. moral=relating to the principles of what is right and wrong behavior,and with the difference between good and evil 道德上的，与道德有关的adj.31. prior to=before=previous 在…前面32. repetition=doing or saying the same thing many times 重复n.33. genetic=relating to genes or genetics 基因的，遗传学的adj.34. sacrifice=when you decide not to have something valuable, in orderto get something that is more important 牺牲v.35. victim=someone who has been attacked, robbed, or murdered 受害者n.36. forge=form=counterfeit 形成;伪造v.37. persuade=convince=win over=talk around 说服v.38. surrender=give in 投降，放弃v.39. extinct=an extinct type of animal or plant does not existanymore=disappear=vanish 灭绝的，绝种的adj.40. abundant=plenty=ample 充裕的，丰富的adj.41. exaggerate=overstate 夸张，夸大v.42. phenomenon=something that happens or exists in society, science, ornature, especially something that is studied because it is difficult tounderstand 现象n.43. perception=idea=notion=view=belief=insight 认识，观念，看法n.44. impression=infection=effect=influence=affection 印象，感想n.45. entitle=to give someone the official right to do or have something 使某人有权利/资格v.46. distortion=a change for the worse=deformation 扭曲，曲解v.47. dispose=to arrange things or put them in theirplaces=arrange=settle=manage=cope with=deal with 安排，处理v.48. intuition=the ability to understand or know something because of afeeling rather than by considering the facts=instinct 直觉n.49. emission=a gas or other substance that is sent into the air 排放物，散发物n.50. diminish=reduce=decrease=fall=lessen=cut 减少，减小v.51. postpone=put back=delay=adjourn 延期，推迟v.52. crucial=important=critical=vital=necessary=essential 至关重要的adj.53. pessimistic=expecting that bad things will happen in the future orthat something will have a bad result=getting worse 悲观的adj.54. attempt=purpose=order=effort 尝试，努力1. similar=like=resemble 相似的adj.2. derive=originate=come from=stem from 起源v.3. impetus=momentum=stimulus=incentive=motivation=encouragement 动机，动力n.4. generate=produce=bring into existence=make=manufacture 产生v.5. couple with=and=accompany=with 伴随v.6. factor=reason=element=component=ingredient 因素n.7. unique=havethedistinction=distinct=different=extraordinary=special 独特的adj.8. advance=progress=development=growth=increase 进步n.9. field=domain=territory=industry=sector 领域n.10. alternative=substitute=replacement 替代物n.11. like=such as=for example=for instance 例如12. resource=material=source 资源，来源n.13. limited=restricted=exhaustible=finite 有限的adj.14. involve=rely on=contain=comprise 包含，牵涉v.15. current=modern=recent=present 最近的adj.16. particular=extraordinary=special=detail=specific=unique 特别的，独有的adj.17. draw on=absorb=do with 吸收v.18. settle on=make choice of=decide on 选定v.19. superiority=advantage=edge=high quality 优势n.20. accompany=when=keep company=be associated with 陪伴，伴随v.21. view=belief=opinion=insight=perception 观点n.22. artificial intelligence=reasoning in machine 人工智能n.23. involve with=associate with=link to=relate to 与…有关联v.24. release=issue=launch=convey=public=deliver 发行，发表v.25. difficult=demanding=hard=tough 困难的adj.26. task=job=work=labour 任务，工作n.27. instantly=rapidly=immediately 立即地adv.28. react=respond 反应v.29. relate to=depend on=link to=associate with=involve with 与…有关系v.30. subjective views=outlook=personal/individualviews=personal/individual opinions 主观观点n.31. distort=to change the appearance, sound, or shape of something sothat it is strange or unclear; to report something in a way that is not completely true or correct=misinterpret 扭曲，歪曲v.32. figure out=settle=decide=tell=understand 理解，想出v.33. assessment=appraisal=evaluation=estimate=judgment 评估，估计v.34. emerge=appear=come forth 出现v.35. remain=keep=stay=maintain 保持v.36. exploitation=development=utilization=usage 利用，使用n.37. foster=cultivate=raise=nurture 培养，养育v.38. overtake=catch up=sweep over 赶上，压倒v.39. initial=original=premier 最初的，开始的adj.40. whereas=however=while=nevertheless=but=yet 然而，但是adv.outcome=product=result=conclusion=consequence 结果，后果n.overcome=win=get over=exceed 克服，战胜v.insufficient=deficient=shortage=lack=scarcity 不足的adj.supply=provide=furnish=give 提供v.launch=release=project=send=shot=emit 开始，投放v.suppose=expect=imagine=guess=speculate=think 猜想，设想v.detect=perceive=explore=sense 发觉，觉察v.handicap=difficult=obstacle=hindrance=bar=deterrent 障碍，困难n.peer=the people who are at the same age as you, or who have thesame type of job, social class etc.10. positive=optimistic=uplifting 积极的adj.11. administer=manage=conduct=implement=perform 执行，管理v.12. funding=money=funds=financial resource 资金，基金n.13. interact=if people interact with each other, they talk to each other,work together etc. 互动v.14. irrigation=the supplement of land or crops with water 灌溉n.15. sedimentation=the natural process by which small pieces of rock,earth etc settle at the bottom of the sea etc and form a solid layer 积淀n.16. interrupt=break=violate=cut in 打断，打扰v.17. process=procedure=method=approach 过程n.18. threat=danger=intimidation 威胁n.19. valuable=precious=worthy 宝贵的，珍贵的adj.20. construct=build=make=found 建造v.21. blame=to say or think that someone or something is responsible forsomething bad 责备，怪罪v.22. stimulate=encourage=activate=motivate 鼓励，刺激v.23. long-term=long-run=long-period 长期的adj.24. impact=affect=influence=effect 影响v.&n.25. occur=happen=exist=come 发生v.26. contain=include=cover=possess 包含v.27. military=battlefield=martial 军事的adj.28. separate=disparate=distinct=different 分开的，不同的adj.29. vanish=extinct=disappear 消失v.30. consciousness=awareness 意识n.31. ignite=light=inflame 点燃v.32. encompass=include=contain=cover 包含，围绕v.33. reckon=think=suppose=believe=imagine=expect=feel 认为v.34. widespread=universal=extensive=popular=general 广泛的，普遍的adj.35. launch=coin=project=release=issue 创新，开辟v.36. contemporary=modern-day, present-day 同时代的adj.37. potential=possible=underlying=likely=expected=latent 潜在的，可能的adj.38. prospect=expectation=outlook=chance 展望，希望n.39. perception=idea=insight=viewpoint 感觉，领悟n.community=organization=group=body 团体n.fragile=delicate 脆弱的adj.remote=distant 遥远的adj.require=desire=order=command 要求v.inhabitant=resident=dweller 居住者，居民n.consequently=thus=accordingly=hence=therefore=as a result 结果，因此adv.7. destination=goal=end point=terminus 目的地n.8. throughout=around=wholly=everywhere=end-to-end 自始至终，到处，全部adv.9. operate=act=run 运转v.10. output=product 输出，产品n.11. decline=reduction=fall=slump=decrease=recession 下降n.12. undermine=destroy=damage=hurt=ruin 破坏v.13. revive=renaissance 复兴v.14. unusual=rare=strange=uncommon 罕见的，不寻常的adj.15. ordinary=standard=common=usual=general 普通的,平常的adj.16. fragment=shard=debris=pieces=ruins 碎片n.17. break=shatter=crack 打碎，打破v.18. interior=inner layer=inside 内部的n. &adj.19. insist=claim=argue=believe=think 坚持，坚称v.20. expand=extend=grow=boom=spread out=enhance 扩张，扩大v.21. suppress=control=restrain=repress=putdown=oppress=inhibit=ban=forbid=stifle 压制v.22. speed up=increase speed=quicken up=accelerate speed 加速v.23. examine=analyze=survey=inspect=study=detect=investigate 检查，调查v.24. dispute=debate=controversy=disagree=argue 争论，争执n.&v.25. detect=analyze=explore=research=survey=investigate=inspect 察觉，发现v.26. claim=say=state=insist=argue=think=believe 声称v.27. cue=implication=reminder=hint=evidence 提示，信号，暗号n.28. unpredictable=fluctuate=changeable 无法预测的adj.29. be referred to as=be known as=be regarded as 被称为30. encourage=induce=trigger=stimulate=boost=inspire 鼓励，促使v.31. considerable=plenty=big=major=important 数量可观的adj.32. regardless of=despite of=take no notice of 不管，不顾33. adequate=plenty=proper=appropriate=suitable 充足的,适当的adj.34. assure=make sure=guarantee=ensure=insure=secure=make certain of保证，确保v.35. suitable=appropriate=proper=adequate=matching 合适的adj.。