定语从句重点和难点解析(一)

定语从句重点和难点解析（一）

一、做定语从句试题的基本方法

In fact the man didn’t understand the three questions ______ were asked in French.

A. where

B. who

C. in which

D. which

此题应选D。从句子成分看, 修饰questions 的定语从句缺主语, 所以不能选A(where), C(in which)。又因为这里的先行词(questions)是指事不是指人, 所以只能选D(which)不能选B(who)。考生在做定语从句试题时, 大体上要分清以下几点：

1. 是定语从句还是其它从句( 从句意和句法功能等方面去考虑)。

2. 是用关系代词还是关系副词。关系代词和关系副词的选择主要看关系词在句中的句法功能。一般说来, 关系代词(that, which, who, whom 等)主要用作主语和宾语；关系副词(when, where, why)主要用作状语；作定语时用whose。

3. 受定语从句修饰的先行词是指人(who, whom, that) 还是指物(that, which)；是作主语(who, that, which)还是作宾语(which, whom, who)等。

4. 关系代词可否省略(在通常情况下, 只有限制性定语从句中用作宾语的关系代词才能省略)。

5. 是限制性定语从句还是非限制性定语从句(关系代词that以及关系副词why等均不能引导非限制性定语从句)。

6. 在“介词＋which”结构中, 介词的正确选择(主要看相关名词和动词的习惯搭配)。

二、能用what引导定语从句吗

He told me all ______ he had seen there.

A. that

B. which

C. what

D. when

此题应选A。容易误选C。这里的B(which), D(when)比较好排除。

选项B错, 因为当先行词为不定代词all, little, much等时, 要用关系代词that, 不用which。选项D错, 因为它是关系副词, 只能在定语从句中作状语, 而这里的定语从句缺宾语(即seen缺宾语), 所以不能选D。

至于选项C(what), 是考生最容易出错的, 这是因为考生在平时的阅读中, 经常可以见到类似这样的句子：

He told me all he had seen there.

He told me what he had seen there.

由于没有完全理解, 结果将以上两类句型混在一起。

选项C错的原因在于what不是关系词, 所以它不能引导定语从句。但值得注意的是：what有时相当于“名词(先行词)＋关系代词”：

他把一切都给了我。

正：He gave me what he had.

正：He gave me everything that he had.

这就是你要的东西。

正：This is what you want.

正：This is the thing that you want.

以上实例告诉我们, what 有时相当于“先行词＋关系代词”, 同时这也告诉我们, 这样用的what 前不能再有先行词(即：what不能引导定语从句)。

三、不要一见到时间或地点名词就用where, when

a. I will never forget the days ______ I lived in the country.

b. I will never forget the days ______ I spent in the country.

A. that, that

B. when, when

C. that, when

D. when, that 此题应选D。容易误选B。考生往往错误地认为, 时间或地点名词后的定语从句就一定要用关系副词when或where 来引导。注意在选择关系副词when 时, 考生要明确两个问题：一是先行词是否是指时间或地点的名词, 二是when, where在定语从句中是否用作状语。

a句中的定语从句主语和宾语齐全, 所以可用表时间的状语(when), 而b句中的定语从句, 显然spent缺宾语, 所以选关系代词that。

考生从以上分析中应明确这样一点：选择关系词时一定要看它在定语从句中充当什么成分。尤其是当先行词为表时间或地点的名词时, 千万不要想当然地认为一定要用关系副词when和where来引导定语从句。再如：

1. a. This is the school ____ I studied last year.

b. This is the school ____ I visited last year.

A. that, that

B. where, where

C. that, where

D. where, that

2. a. I still remember the time ____ he was born.

b. I still remember the time ____ he told me.

A. that, that

B. when, when

C. that, when

D. when, that

答案：1. D 2. D

四、that与which

a. Those are the very words ______ he used.

b. This is the question about ______ we’ve had so much discussion.

A. that, that

B. which, which

C. that, which

D. which, that 此题应选C。关于先行词是指物的名词时, 其定语从句是用that还是用which来引导, 情况比较复杂：在通常情况下, 两者有时可换用；但有时只用which(主要是引导非限制性定语从句和直接放在介词后作宾语)；而有时则只用that 而不用which, 主要有以下情况：

1. 先行词是下列不定代词或受其修饰时all, much, few, little, none, every(thing), any(thing), no(thing)等：

All [Everything] that can be done must be done. 凡能做的事都必须做。

2. 先行词有the very, the only, the same等修饰时：

This is the only example that I know. 我知道的例子只有这一个。

3. 先行词有最高级或序数词(包括last, next)等修饰时：

This is the best dictionary that I’ve ever used. 这是我用过的最好的词典。