英语强调句型详解及练习

1. 强调结构的陈述式

强调结构的陈述式为“It is （was）+ 被强调部分+ that （who）…”。该结构可用于强调主语、宾语、状语等，但不能强调谓语动词。该句式中用that或who的区别是：当被强调的指人时，用that或who均可；当被强调的不是指人时，则只能用that（注意不用which）。如：It was in the office that he was killed. 他是办公室被杀害的。（强调in the office）

It is the children who broke the window. 是孩子们打破窗户的。（强调the children）

It was to you and not anyone else that I lent the money. 我只借钱给你，不借给其他人。（强调to you and not anyone）

It is only when you have your own children that you realize the troubles of parenthood. 当你有了自己的孩子，才能真切地了解到双亲的辛苦。（强调only when you have your own children）

2. 一般疑问句的强调结构

一般疑问句的强调结构就是将be提到句首，即使用“Is / Was it+ 被强调部分+ that / who…”。如：Is it Tommy who answered the telephone? 是汤米接的电话吗? Is it from advertising that a newspaper earns a lot of its profits? 报纸获利最多的部分是在于广告收入吗？

3. 特殊疑问句的强调结构

特殊疑问句的强调结构句型为“疑问词（Who / What / When / Where / Why / How）+is / was it that…”这样的形式。如：When was it that he got married? 他是什么时候结婚的? How long ago is it that you last saw her? 你上一次看见她是多久以前的事? Who was it that won the World Cup in 1982? 谁赢得了1982年的世界杯? Why is it that I always land up cleaning the bath? 为什么总是该我来洗刷浴缸? In which play of Shakespeare's is it that Viola appears? 维欧拉是在莎士比亚那个剧里出现的吗?

强调句的结构是“It is / was +强调部分+ that / who-从句”，it在句中作先行词，被强调

的部分通常是主语、宾语和状语。这是it的主要用法和考点之一。

一．在强调句中，被强调的是状语或状语从句时，要用that引导从句，而不能用which

引导,而且通常不能省略。强调状语（从句）是历年高考中最主要的考点。例如（MET95）：

It was not until 1920 ____ regular radio broadcasts began.

A. while

B. which

C. that

D. since

答案是C。不能选B，因为该句中被强调的部分是时间状语从句。

二．被强调的是非人称主语或宾语时，现代英语既可用that引导，也可用which引导。例如（NMET2000）：It is the ability to do the job ____ matters not where you come from or what you are.

A. one

B. that

C. what

D. it

答案是B，其中that也可换成which。又如：

It is the sun that / which gives us light and heat. 是太阳给了我们光和热。

三．被强调者为人时，引导词用who或that。例如（上海高考题95）：

Was ____ that I saw last night at the concert?

A. it you

B. not you

C. you

D. that yourself

答案是A。句中的引导词that可换用who。有时强调句以倒装（疑问句）形式出现，此时可用“还原法”加以辨别。必须注意的是，当被强调的是主语时，代词要用主格形式。例如：

It was I who discovered the secret first. 是我最先发现这个秘密的。

四．对not…until时间状语从句进行强调时，其句型是：It is / was not until… that-从句，

即not和until在强调句中总是紧挨着的。例如（MET92）：

It was not ____ she took off her dark glasses ____ I realized she was a famous film star.

A. when; that

B. until; that

C. until; when

D. when; then

答案是B。注意习惯上不用not till，而且从句不能用when引导。

五．强调句和修饰时间及地点的定语从句的区别。比较下面两例：

Was it in 1969 ____ the American astronaut succeeded ____ landing on the moon?

A. when; on

B. that; on

C. when; in

D. that; in (上海高考题94)

It was December26, 1893 ____ Mao Zedong was born in the common village.

A. when

B. that

C. which

D. in which

答案分别是D和A。前一句是强调句，因为被强调的部分in 1969是that从句中一个完整的句子成分，改为非强调句后的句子是：The American astronaut succeeded in landing on the moon in 1969。而后一句的December 26, 1893不能成为从句的一个完整成分，所以不是强调句，而是定语从句，December 26, 1893是先行词。在强调句中，it是先行词；在第二句中，it作主语，指时间。

六．被强调的不管是单数还是复数名词，主句的be动词都用单数，即is或was。例如：

It ____ Madame Curie and his husband Pierre who discovered radium.

A. is

B. was

C. are

D. were

答案是B。由于所叙述的是过去的事，不能用is。

◆典型迷惑题分析◆

1. ____ that caused him to serve dinner an hour later than usual.

A. It was we being late

B. It was our being late

C. It was we were too late

D. It was because we were late

【迷惑】此题容易误选D，认为强调的是原因状语从句because we were late。

【分析】但实际上，此题的答案为B，强调的是句子主语our being late，此题若还原成非强调句，即为：Our being late caused him to serve dinner an hour later than usual.注意，强调句的一个显著特点是，若去掉强调结构it is [was]… that…，句子仍然成立；换句话说，该结构中的that 不能充当句子成分。

2. “How was ______ they discovered the entrance to the underground palace?”“Totally by chance.”

A. it that

B. he that

C. it when

D. he which

【迷惑】几个干扰项均可能误选。

【分析】答案选A，为强调句的特殊疑问句形式，其相应的陈述句形式为：

It was totally by chance that they discovered the entrance to the underground palace.

比较以下各题，它们也属强调句的特殊疑问句形式：

(1) Who was it _____ saved the drowning girl?

A. since

B. as

C. that

D. he

答案选C，被强调成分为who，该句实为类似It was Tom that saved the drowning girl. 这类强调句的特殊疑问句形式（即对其中的Tom 提问而得）。

(2) What is it _____ his daughter needs most?

A. what

B. which

C. that

D. if

答案选C，被强调成分为what，该句实为类似It is a bike that his daughter needs most. 这类强调句的特殊疑问句形式（即对其中的a bike 提问而得）。

3. _____ was very ______ that little Jim wrote the letter.

A. It, careful

B. It, carefully

C. He, careful

D. He, carefully

【迷惑】几个干扰项均有可能误选，但最有可能误选的可能是A，认为这是一个普通的系表结构，即认为第二空要填形容词作表语。

【分析】其实，此题是一个强调句，其非强调形式为Little Jim wrote the letter very carefully. 若用it is … that…的强调句式强调其中的状语very carefully 即为上面一题的题干，所以答案应选B。请看下面几例，也属强调结构：

(1) It was when she was about to go to bed ______ the telephone rang.