长句的译法

13.3.1 Follow the original order 顺序法 eg. ①From the standpoint of the developing countries, ②the next decade should see a greatly accelerated program for scientific and technological co-operation, ③aimed at wide-spread dissemination of technology ④for meeting the basic needs of man, such as nutrition, shelter, communications, health and sanitation.
汉语句子的特点： Paratactic 形合 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 由先到后 由具体到一般 (分—总) 由因到果 由现象到本质 由条件(让步)到事实 由事实到结论
Chinese words, clauses or sentences are arranged “like waves of the sea, moving onward with alternating rise and fall, connected yet separate, like but different, suggestive of some law, too complex for analysis or statement, controlling the relations between wave and wave, waves and sea, phrase and phrase, phrases and speech.”
• 改译：一棵树，从它在森林里生长时起，直到被制 成供使用的木板为止，这段历史，会组成一个饶有 趣味的，在许多情况下激动人心的故事．
Drills4: 4. On his return from a recent tour of the Far East, in the course of which he visited China and Japan, Mr. Smith described his impressions to his friends.
Compared with the English feature of subordination Chinese is marked by its coordination with “loose” sentences, contracted sentences, elliptical sentences, and paratactic sentences, etc, a long English sentence is most cases has to be split into several parts and rearranged in Chinese.
• ①人们所知道的比地球大不了多少的星球 虽然也有几个，wk.baidu.com②但绝大多数的星球是如
此之大，以至于一个星球竟然能容纳成千 上万个地区还绰绰有余。 ③我们到处都能 碰见大得足以容纳千千万万个地球的巨星。
13.3.2 invert the original order 逆序法
①It is quite understandable ②that the United Nations, nagging no life except that which its members give to it, ③should show evidence of the maladies that is present in the words today.
• 第二篇：练习１，２，７，８ • 第三篇 练习１，２，５
原译：史密斯先生自最近的、其间到过中国和日本 的远东之行回来后，向他的朋友谈起了旅途的 印象． 改译：史密斯先生最近去远东走了一趟,途中访问了 中国和日本. 回国后, 他向朋友们谈起了旅途印 象.
Drills4: 5. Manufacturing processes may be classified as unit production with small quantities being made and mass production with large numbers of identical parts being produced.
• ①所谓气体，就是一种始终处于均匀状态的物 质。 ④如果温度保持不变， ③同时对它施加的 压力不断降低， ②它的体积就可以无限增大。
11.3.3 split a long sentence into shorter parts or sentences 拆译法 ①I must say that ②his statement was laudable for its frankness and ③ quite plausible ④ on the basis of premises which, I’m afraid, are invalid ⑤ in the context of the United Nations Charter. Hints: ②③two arguments; ④,⑤sharp turn in the steps of reasoning. Suggested order: ①② -③ -⑤ -④
Hints: ①comments; ②cause; ③effect. Suggested order: ②-③-①
• 正因为联合国的生命完全是它的成员国赋 予的，因此联合国也呈现出今天世界上所 存在的各种病症，这是完全可以理解的．
Drills2: ①A gas may be defined as a substance which remains homogeneous, and ②of which the volume increases without limit, ③when the pressure on it is continuously reduced, ④the temperature being maintained constant. Hints: ①argument; ②result of the analysis; ③,④two conditions of the analysis. Suggested order: ①-④-③-②
原译：制造过程可分为生产少量的单件生产和 生产大量相同零件的大量生产． 改译：制造过程可分为单件生产和大量生产两 类. 单件生产就是生产少量的零件,而批量 生产就是生产大量相同的零件.
After-class assignments
Prepare for the final examination: 1. Sheets given in class（做过的练习）; 2. Exercises: on course-book:
Lecture 14
Translation of Long Sentences 长句译法
11.1 features of long English sentences 英语长句的特点 1. 并列成分 2. 句中一部分与另一部分由于修饰语或附加 成分而分隔 3. 短语或从句作句子成分 4. 省略 5. 倒装 6. 短语或从句作修饰语
• 他是一个胸怀宽广，思想高尚的人，由于其政治家风度 并真正献身于联合国组织的崇高原则，博得了人们广泛 的称赞。他曾作为大会主席和秘鲁首席代表，成绩卓越 地为联合国组织服务。多年来，他把丰富的思想献给了 联合国组织，直到结束他崇高的一生。
11.3.4 靠拢法
eg: The history of a tree from the time it starts in the forest until the boards which it yields are used, would form an interesting and, in many instances, an exciting story. • 原译：树的历史，开始于树林中，直到生产为木板 后被使用为止，成为一个有趣且有许多事例的故 事．
11.3 common ways to translate long sentences 长句的常用译法 • Step 1: 查明基本句型：SV, SVP, SVO, SVoO, and SVOC? • Step 2: 查明从属结构 • Step 3: 查明语义 • Step 4: 查明语法关系 • Step 5: 查明重心,时间或逻辑关系顺序 • Step 6: 按照中国人的思维表达习惯,安排或 调整语序 • Step 7: 修订,润饰初稿
• 从发展中国家的观点来看,下一个十年应有一个 大力加速科学技术合作的纲领,旨在广泛传播技 术,从而满足人们诸如营养,住宅,交通,卫生保健的 基本需要.
Drills1: ① A few stars are known which are hardly bigger than the earth, ② but the majority are so large that hundreds of thousands of earths could be packed inside each and leave room to spare; ③ here and there we come upon a giant star large enough to contain millions of millions of earths
• 应当说,他发言坦率,这是值得称赞的,听起来也颇 有道理,然而按照联合国宪章的精神,这些话所依 据的前提恐怕是站不住脚的.
11.3.3 拆译法 eg. Hints: ①the whole sentence can be divided
into two: ①+②+③ in one sentence, and ④+⑤+⑥+ ⑦in another, the latter precedes the former in temporal sequence. ①appositive gives a general comment on “he”; ②effect; ③cause; ④+⑤+⑥+⑦+ ⑧recalling past facts, serve as a further explanation of the cause. Suggested division: split 8 parts in 2 or 3 sentences: ①-③-②-⑤-④-⑦-⑥-⑧