英美概况(美国)

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英美概况美国部分

Lecture one: Geography and PeopleLocation :Situated in the central part of North America with Canada on the north ,Mexico and the Gulf of Mexico on the south ,the United States is on the east coast of Pacific and west coast of Atlantic.Territorial area:9.5million square kilometers50states and seat of government is Washington D.CLargest state---AlaskaLargest on the continent---TexasSmallest-----Rhode Island(罗德岛州)Newest---HawaiiThree geographical divisions（三大地形区）:Western ,central and eastern part .Land forms and region:Eastern part:Highlands formed by Appalachian rangeWestern part:High plateaus and mountains(Rockies are called as the back bone of the continent). Great central plain:A large plain between the eastern Appalachian and western RockiesMain geographical regions:New England(6,northeast, longest history featured with mountains ,valleys and rivers ,and cities and towns with historic sites ,top-ranking universities )The Mid-Atlantic StatesThe West (11,a wealth of forests and stream notable cities, high-tech industry predominant agricultural yielding,14% of GDP )The Mid-WestThe South(13,plenty of rainfall and mild climate are favorable for agriculture, fast growing industry and population recent years, great size with few large citiesThe SouthwestHawaii:Tourism is the largest source of incomeTropical climateRivers and Lakes:Mississippi River---largess and most important river in the system of GulfKnown as the river to American Indians.Hudson River:Flow through New York.The Great Lakes:Lake Superior, Lake Michigan, Lake Ontario, Lake Huron and Lake Erie.The most important system of inland waterways in the world.Lake Michigan is wholly within the United StatesPart of the boundary runs through these lakesNiagara Fall is located on the U.S-Canada border between Lake Erie and Lake Ontario. Climate:Mainly temperate and some mild subtropical areas with only southern Florida and Hawaii being tropical.Natural resources:Abounds in mineral resourcesPopulation:The third most populous country in the worldUneven distribution :most densely populatedNation of Immigrants :White Anglo-Saxon protestantThe Black :The Civil Rights Movements:The Civil Rights Movements began when the black people spontaneously oppose the Segregation Law and establish organizations to make the protest successful.Martin Luther King:The political and religious leaders of non-violent civil rights movementNobel peace prize.Hispanics:Spanish-speaking AmericansMexican-Americans, Puerto Ricans, Cuban-Americans(best economic achievements )MiamiAsian Immigrants :The Chinese were the first Asians to come to the U.S, ”model minority”.Racial Assimilation:America is a nation of many ethnic groups, making it a ”Melting Pot”and a Multi-Cultural SocietySpeak the same languageHave the same habits and manner.Lecture2:government and political systemAmerican constitution :Set down the basic framework of American government.Basic concept :Separation of power ,check and balances.Functions :Founding the American rule of law.Creating the federal system with a supreme national government.Having great flexibilityBuilding up the Republican form of government(共和制政体).Defining and limiting the power of the national government.Defining the relationship between national government and individual(个别)state governments.Guaranteeing the rights of the citizens of America.Supreme law, authority derived from people.Significance :Taking precedence over （为…开创先例）all state constitutions and law.First of its kind in the world, it has inspired dozens of other countries to seek for political reform.Federal system and government:The definition of Federalism(联邦制):The states are united into a federation.Federal government has the delegated power（委托权）.Both federal government and state government are Supreme power in their spheres of authority.Significance of federalism :Unify the states in their pursuit of common goals without completely deprive them of their independence.Federal government:Established by a federalism, there is a federal republic of 50 U.S states, District ofColombia and many other insular(岛屿的) areas.Branches of the government :Legislative ,executive and judicial branch.Separate but equally important ,checked and balanced by each other.The legislative branch :Congress :Briefing :Conference venue（会议场所）：The capitol(国会大厦)with Senate in the north wing and the house of representatives in the south wing.Law making and supreme legislative body.Monitor /supervise and influence aspects of the executive branch(congress’s responsibility :ensure ,comply with the law)Two chambers ----Senate（参议院）and the House of representatives（众议院）. Senate:Two members from each state as required by the Constitution with current membership 100.More important, consent to president’s proposal.The house of representatives:Each congressional district elect a representative.Each state is represented on the basis of population.More partisan that the Senate.The function:Pass the laws for the Union.The revenue bills must be originated in the house of representatives.The executive branch: comprises 14 branches and other independent agencies.Cabinet :formed by department’s heads ----secretaries.President:the chief of executive branch of the federal government. state and commander-in-chief of the military.Presidential residence: White House ,presidential term ：Serve one or two successive terms.Responsibility: taking care of the laws be faithfully executed.Executive Departments :Functions:The day-to-day enforcement and administration of federal laws.Head of the departments are chosen by president and approved by the Senate .Cabinet :A part of the executive branches of the U.S government and consists of the heads of the executive departments.Secretary of the state:Head of the Department of State, foreign affairs.Judicial branch:Definition:consist of a series of courts:supreme court (highest),court of appeal and district court.What it applies to ?In most criminal cases and some civil cases.Function:Finders of factDecide on whether the defendant committed the crime.Unanimous decision.Political partiesDemocratic party and Republican partyDonkey and ElephantThe Democratic Party(donkey):Liberal.Anti –federalists southwest cotton plantation ownersEmphasizing the governmental interference in economy.The Republican Party(GOP, elephant):Conservative (more assertive in international affairs)Difference and similarity:With regard to economy, the Democrats favor the governmental intervention while the Republicans stress the role of the market.On social issues, the Democrats support a strong social security system while the Republican oppose a large social security programs.Presidential election:Only the candidates nominated by the two Parties have the chance to win a Presidential election.Presidential election has 4 stages：The first stage: choosing the candidatesThe second stage: the campaigning stageThe third stage: votingThe forth stage: meeting the states capitalsLecture3:EconomyThe U.S economy is the current economic, industrial and technological giant.The largest developed country and the only superpower in the worldMixed economy:Emphasizing the private ownership(私有制).Federal government will regulate businesses.Private business produce the most goods and services.Economy system :free enterprise system.Type of business: Proprietorship(独资), cooperation and partnerships.History of American economy:The colonial period:Colonies are settled to escape religious persecutions and business ventures.After the settlement of the new England in1620,The English investors turn over colonial charter to the settlersSubsequently, the settlers established secondary industries formed a clear regional patterns of development.Since the America gained its independence:(词汇自己衔接)The constitution establish the nation as a unified market.Alexander Hamilton’s economic development strategyThe Industrial Revolution ：the boom of the cotton cloth production and textile industry(棉布生产和纺织业的繁荣)During that period of time, the south were dependant on the north for capital and manufactured goods.The Second Industrial Revolution gave birth to an explosion of new discoveries and inventions.In the 20 century :The U.S experienced a period of prosperity in the early of 20 century.Underwent Great Depression in the 1930s.President Roosevelt’s New Deal （massive intervention of the government ）saved itseconomy.略看：历届总统经济政策：Regan administration---new monetarist policiesGeorge Bush H.W----slow recession.Clinton----RecoveryAppearance of the new tycoonCurrent American economy:Agriculture：favorable natural condition.Successful agriculture mode （investment, labor method）and modern technology of farming .Remain to be the foundation of the economyManufacturing industry : America formed an industrial system with large productivity(northeastern is the lead region)Service industry:Financial services :banking, real estates and law servicesPublic welfare services:sheltering and retail servicesTop high-tech industryAdvanced space technology, information technology and computing.Lecture 4: Thirteen Colonies and the Independence War Pilgrim fathers:Columbus discovered the new world in1492.The discovery of new world epoch-making: people come to realise the world is round.Pilgrim Father(English separatists and other colonists) landed on north America on Dec 21th,1620 to escape religious persecutions. Forefather’s day Dec 21th(Mayflower).Thanksgiving day:For celebrating their first harvest of the forefathers.Fourth Thursday of November.Thirteen colonies:Those colonies were separately charted and governed by the Great Britain and finally became independent by signing the Declaration of Independence, which led the American Revolutionary War and the establishment of the U.SThe first colony was Virginia.The independence war:A series of armed conflict between the Great Britain and its 13 colonist for the colonists trying to gain their Independence and the uncontrollable contradictions. The shot of Lexington marked the beginning of the American Revolutionary WarThe Second Continental Congress:Held in Philadelphia ,May 10th , 1775Assume the functions of a national governmentFounding continental Army and NavyAppointed George Washington as the commander-in-chief of America forces. Printing paper money and open diplomatic relations.On fourth of the January,1776 approved the Declaration of IndependentThe Declaration :Consisting two parts：1.Justifing the rights for people to rebel against a government that denied theirnatural rights2.Indicting the King George for his cruel tyranny.Significance :Upholding the principle of equality and freedom of all manThe principle that people have the right to revolt.Independent DayJuly 4thThe course of the independence war:It dragged on for seven yearsThe victory of Saratoga became the turning point of the war.With the Assistance of French, Spain and Holland the war quickly ended.The Treaty of Paris put an end to the war and bring about the Independence of the 13states.Lecture 5:The American Constitution and Civil War.The American Constitution:The Constitutional Convention(制宪会议)Washington(elected as chairman), James Madison and other predominant figures discussed issues on federalism James Madison became “the father of the constitution”.Content :Representation : equal number of Senators, representatives based on population Structure of the government：a strong central government divided into 3 branches. Establishing federalism. (constitution day Sep17,1787)Causing disagreement between the federalist and the anti-federalist.Ten amendments were add to the constitution, known as “The Bill of Rights”.First general election: First President Washington.Significance of the US Constitution:Designed to unite all the people and prevent abuse of power by government officials Dividing the federal government into 3 separate but interdependent part: legislature, judiciary and executive.Becoming the first written constitution in modern sense upholding the principle that government should serve the people.Guaranteeing the unalienable human rights with the adoption of the Bill of Rights ,people’s supremacyupholding equality and political liberalism .The Era of Expansion:Louisiana Purchase became the first major event in American expansion.The Monroe doctrine: show “America for Americans “in foreign policy.Initiating Mexican American War annexed the entire southeast and CaliforniaThe civil war :The American civil war was fought in the united states between the Union and the Confederate States of the America from 1861 until 1865.The only war fight on America soil by Americans.Causes:Economic reason: contradictions between the two different existing economic systemsPolitical reason: the independence of the states.Immediate cause :The dispute over Negro slavery finally led to the session of the southern sates Abraham Lincoln:On Feb 4,1861,Abraham Lincoln took the office and insisted that slavery was evil and should be ultimately abolished.1862,he announced the Emancipation Proclamation, providing all slaves in the rebellion states freedom and setting the stage for the ultimate abolition to slavery. Gettysburg---turning point of the war.Lincoln deliver the famous Gettysburg Address, proposing the 3 principles of an ideal: government of the people, by the people and for the people.Assassinate , Lincoln memorialAftermath(result) :Victorious Union government sought to end the slavery and guarantee a permanently unbreakable union.The Confederate surrendered, the U.S stayed as a whole countrySlavery was totally abolished through the 13 and 14 amendment to the constitution, which swept the obstacles to the development of the U.S capital production.。

英美概况之美国Unit1

The national flag
50 stars: 50 states 13 stripes: the f i r s t 13 states that used to be
colonies red: valor and hardiness white: innocence and purity blue: vigilance, perseverance and justice
The Central valley of Californ highly productive area basic field crops as sugar beets, beans, rice and cotton
Climate
The United States is mainly situated i the northern temperate zone.
Administrative States
· 50 states The largest in area: Alaska The second: Texas The youngest: Alaska and Hawaii
· Afederal district The District of Columbia Capital City: Washington
Yellowstone National Park
It covers an area of about 9000 sq.km.There are about 3,000 geysers and hot springs in the park.There are also other natural wonders.
Deep South
South Carolina Georgia Texas Alabama Mississippi Louisiana

英美概况--美国篇(终于找到了美国篇的全文)

英语国家概况第十三章美国地理位置Geography1.Alaska and Hawaii are the two newest states in American.Alaska northwestern Canada,and Hawaii lies in the central Pacific.阿拉斯加和夏威夷是最近加入美国的两个新州。

阿拉斯加在加拿大的西北部，夏威夷位邻中太平洋。

（本细节还有考“一句话简答”的可能）2。

The U.S has a land area of 9.3 million square kilometres.It is the fourth largest country in the world in size after Russia,Canada and China.就面积而言，美国是世界第四大国，就人口而言，美国是世界是第三大国。

3.Of all states of American,Alaska is the lagest in area and Rhode Island the smallest.But on the mainland Texas is the largest sate of the country.所有州中，阿拉斯加是面积最大的州，罗得岛最小，在美国大陆，最大的州是得克萨斯州。

4。

The Rockies,the backbone of the North American Continent,is also known as the Continental Divide.落基山脉是北美大陆的脊梁，也被成为大陆分水岭。

5。

The two main mountain ranges in American are the Appalachian mountains and the Rocky mountains. The Appalachians run slightly from the northeast to southwest and the Rocky mountains run slightly from the northwest to southeast.阿巴拉契亚山脉和落基山脉是美国的两座大山脉。

英美概况(美国)4 Territory Expansion and Westward movement

Theory behind American territorial expaestiny” 天定命运 – What are the implications of “Manifest Destiny”?
• The implications of “Manifest Destiny” are threefold: • 2.1 the inevitability of the founding of the United States of America; • 2.2 the legitimacy of the expansion of American Territory; • 2.3 the spread of American democracy being the task of American people who were chosen to do the Lord’s work.
Territorial expansion and Westward Movement
• 13 colonies along the Atlantic coast
• a nation spanning across the continent to the Pacific coast. • countless Americans moved westward
• 7. On April 18, 1775, the first shots starting the American War of Independence were fired at________, and the War ended in ______. • 8. In ______, the Treaty of Paris was signed. The Great Britain signed this formal treaty recognizing the independence of the United States. A new American nation was born.

英美概况知识点总结归纳

英美概况知识点总结归纳英美概况是指英国和美国的文化、历史、政治、经济、教育等各方面的概况。

这两个国家在世界上具有重要的地位，对世界文化和政治产生了深远的影响。

下面将对英美概况的各个方面进行总结归纳。

一、文化概况1. 英国文化英国是一个拥有悠久历史的国家，其文化底蕴深厚。

英国文学自古至今在世界范围内具有重要地位，莎士比亚、狄更斯、奥斯丁等众多文学家的作品至今仍然备受人们喜爱。

英国音乐、戏剧、电影等领域也有着丰富的传统。

2. 美国文化美国是一个移民国家，因此其文化融合了来自世界各地的元素，呈现出多元化和包容性。

美国文学、音乐、电影等在世界上具有很大影响力，如杰克·伦敦、海明威、福克纳等作家的作品、爵士乐、摇滚乐、好莱坞电影等都深受人们喜爱。

3. 英美文化交流英美两国之间的文化交流十分频繁，互相影响。

英国音乐、戏剧、文学等在美国具有很大影响力，而美国的流行音乐、电影、文化现象也在英国广受欢迎。

二、历史概况1. 英国历史英国历史可以追溯到古代，罗马、盎格鲁-撒克逊、诺曼底人等不同民族和文化在英国留下了深远的影响。

英国从16世纪开始成为世界上的帝国大国，殖民了大量领土。

20世纪初，英国逐渐衰落，但仍然在政治、文化方面占有重要地位。

2. 美国历史美国历史相对年轻，但是却是一个充满传奇色彩的国家。

美国独立战争后成为独立国家，并在19世纪成为世界上最强大的国家之一。

20世纪，美国在两次世界大战后成为世界超级大国，对世界政治、经济产生了深远影响。

3. 英美历史关系英国曾是美国的殖民地，双方有着深厚的历史渊源。

美国革命后，两国保持了密切的关系，经济、文化、政治等方面有着广泛的交流合作。

三、政治概况1. 英国政治英国是一个君主立宪制国家，国家元首是君主，首相是政府首脑。

英国的政治体系成熟稳定，经过数百年的发展，形成了一套完善的议会制度和法律体系。

2. 美国政治美国是一个总统制国家，总统是国家元首和政府首脑。

《英美概况》练习参考答案（美国部分）

《英美概况》练习参考答案（美国部分）《最新英美概况》练习参考答案(美国部分)————————————————————————————————作者：————————————————————————————————日期：《最新英美概况》练习参考答案（本答案不包括练习中的开放性习题、思考题和讨论题）====================================== ============== PART TWO The United StatesChapter Eight The LandP. 209—210I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. the Star-Spangled Banner, Defense of Fort McHenry, 1812.2. the Stars and the Stripes, Old Glory, the Star-Spangled Banner.3. The White House, The Capitol, The Pentagon.4. June, 14th, June 14th.5. the Potomac, no state, the Federal government.6. 36, 36 states.7. Amerigo Vespucci, American War of Independence.8. Pierre L’Enfant, light, service.II Choose the answer that best completes the sentence.1. C2. D3. C4. A B C D5. C DIII Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. F2. F3. T4. F5. TIV Answer the following questions.1. (1) At first the Continent was name d as “America” after explorer Amerigo Vespucci.(2) During the American War of Independence, the former British colonies firstused “the thirteen united States of America” in the Declaration of Independence.(3) The official name of America was adopted on November 15, 1777, when theSecond Continental Congress passed the Articles of Confederation.2. The 50 stars represent the 50 States, while the 13 stripes represent the original thirteencolonies.White indicates purity and innocence; red indicates valour and bravery, and blue symbolizes vigilance, perseverance and justice; it is also a symbol of respect to God.3. The stars and strips have different meanings.Each star represents each state in America, while strips represent the original thirteencolonies before the independence of America.4. (1) The lyrics of the national anthem come from “Defense of Fort McHenry”, a poemwritten during the War of 1812.The poem was set to the tune of a popular British drinking song, “The AnacreonticSong” (or “To Anacreon in Heaven”).(2) The Star-Spangled Banner was used officially by the Navy in 1889, and was madethe national anthem by congress on March 3, 1931, which was signed by PresidentHerbert Hoover.5. The White House was built in1792 and its original color was grey.During the War of 1812, it was badly damaged by the British troops, and in 1814 it wasrepainted white.President Roosevelt named it “White House” in the 1940s.P. 213I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. the central part of, Mexico and Gulf of Mexico, east, west.2. 48, Hawaii, Alaska.3. the Rio Grande, Pacific.4. 9,629,091, the third, Canada.5. Alaska, Texas.6. Arctic, glaciers.II Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. T2. T3. T4. F5. FIII Answer the following questions.1. (1) The Atlantic coast, the Pacific coast and Hawaii provideconvenient sea routes forforeign trade.(2) The long coastline with many harbors and inlets provides favorable conditions forforeign trade and the fishing industry.(3) Mainland America, mainly within the northern temperate zone, is favorable foragriculture.2. The U.S. and Canada share the “world's longest undefended border.” The border wasdemilitarized after the War of 1812 and has remained peaceful. Military collaboration began during World War II and continued throughout the Cold War on both a bilateral basis and a multilateral relationship through NATO. Both countries are NATO members and have high military interdependency, in particular, during the Cold War against Soviet threat.Today Canadians and Americans are in close cultural proximity, sharing the samelanguage, similar religion and political systems as well as many values.Their economic relations are so close (they have been each other’s No. 1 trading pa rtnerfor years) that the two countries have established the North American Free TradeAgreement, the world’s largest free-trade zone. Both enjoy the most developed andrichest economies in the world as well as a comparable standard of living (Canada’swelfare system is even more comprehensive and covers more widely).To guard the over 8000-kilometer long land border is not only expensive but alsounnecessary (in a sense, impossible, because it is too long), because neither peopleworry that their neighbors would cross the border on a large scale or stay in theircountry for a long time.3. The border between the U.S. and Mexico is heavily guarded (mostly on the American side)against illegal immigrants entering the U.S. while people can enter Mexico freely. The cause is mostly economic rather than political. There is a huge disparity in the standard of living between the U.S. and Mexico whose per capita GDP is only about 20% that of the U.S. (2012 World Bank statistics). It is estimated six out of the eleven million illegal immigrants living in the U.S. are Mexicans, and millions more plan to enter the U.S. They try to benefit from the American business or job opportunities or from the American welfare system or even to engage in drug-trafficking and smuggling. Another purpose is to combat crime and terrorism, particularly after the 9.11 terrorist attacks. The U.S.-Mexican border areas witness the most serious drug-trafficking and gang violence in the world.Some Mexicans, in particular those haunted by the serious drug-related violence in recent years, try to escape from the violence in Mexico by moving to the U.S. In a word, if the US-Mexico border is open and unguarded as the U.S.-Canada border, there would be millions of Mexicans trying to migrate to America so that the consequent problems would be very difficult for the U.S. deal with.4. Alaska, facing Russia across Bering Strait, is locatedbetween the Arctic and Pacific oceans,so it’s important for strategic position and transportation.5. Hawaii, like a chain of beads, is located in the central Pacific Ocean, the best place toenjoy the oceanic scenery.It is famous for natural scenery: white beach, blue sky, and palm trees, etc.The famous Pacific Fleet is located at Pearl Harbor, Oahu Island.P. 221—222I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. Lake Superior, Erie, Ontario.2. Columbia Plateau, the Great Canyon.3. the Rockies, the father of waters.4. dairy farming, Harvard, Yale, MIT.5. Death Valley, Great Salt Lake.6. 38, Yellowstone National Park, Old Faithful.7. 4,800, British Columbia, the backbone of the continent, Mt. Elbert.8. Hoover Dam, The Rio Grande, Ruhr.9. half, “Barn of America”, Great Lakes.10. dividing line, Lake Erie, New York.II Choose the answer that best completes the sentence.1. A B C2. D3. A D4. A B5. DIII Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. F2. T3. F4. T5. TIV Answer the following questions.1. New England is a region in the northeastern corner of the United States consisting of thesix states of Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, and Connecticut, where the earliest English settlements in North America was made.In the late 18th century, the New England Colonies initiated the resistance to the British Parliament's efforts to impose new taxes without the consent of the colonists. The confrontation led to the Declaration of Independence in July 1776, which resulted in the War of American Independence that brought about the birth of the United States of America.2. The Appalachians holds one sixth of the continental territory. The mountains are relativelylow, and the average altitude is only 800 meters high.These old mountains with rounded tops and wooded hills, and have much beautiful scenery and many tourist resorts.3. It is the most important and longest river in the US. It flows about 6,400 km. from theRockies to the Gulf of Mexico, and the fourth longest river in the world.With hundreds of tributaries, the river is known as “the father of wa ters”.The chief tributaries are the Missouri River, the Ohio River, and the Arkansas, etc.4. They are the largest lake group in the world and contain about half of the world’s fresh water.All the five lakes are inter-connected, reaching the Atlantic by way of the St. Lawrence River.They are the important economic lifeline of the Midwest.The world-famous Niagara Falls also attracts numerous visitors.5. The Great Plain stretches from the west of the Mississippi to the Rockies, and covers adistance of about 6,400 kilometers. The land is flat and open, and is originally covered with rich prairie grass, but no trees. Today the area is still a cattle country. Much of the nation’s wheat is grown here, therefore the area is known as the “breadbasket” of Americ a.The Grand Canyon is located in Colorado Plateau, and is cut by Colorado River. It is one of the great natural wonders of the world, and is set up as national park. It measures about 277 miles long, up to 18 miles wide between the tops of its steep walls, and more than a mile deep.P. 224--225I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. little, 63%.2. the Central Plains, the Rockies, electricity.3. Bingham.4. 1/3, Washington, Oregon.5. Gulf of Mexico, Okalahoma.6. gold, gold, Gold Rush.II. Respond to the following items.1. America is rich in water resources. As a whole the country has little trouble with watershortage. Except for the desert regions around the southern Rockies, there are large supplies of fresh water and numerousfertile valleys.2. About 1/3 of America is covered with forests. The greatest virgin forests are in the states ofWashington and Oregon. America has about 500 million acres of commercial forests and about 75% of commercial timber is produced in the eastern part of the country.3. In 1848, gold was discovered in California. The news soon spread out, and thousands ofimmigrants from around the world invaded the Gold Country of California. The peak of the rush was in 1849, thus the many immigrants became known as the '49ers.4. Coal deposits are widely distributed in America, and most coal reserves are to be found inthe Appalachians, the Central Plain, and the Rockies.Most of iron ore is mainly found in the Appalachians and the areas near Lake Superior, and the most important mining area is in Minnesota.P. 226--227I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. northern temperate (P225 书中该词拼写错误), landforms and surrounding waters.2. temperate, tropical.3. temperate, north, hurricanes.4. maritime, distinct, similar.5. Mediterranean, arid, semiarid.6. temperate, temperature.II Answer the following questions.1. The United States is mainly situated in the northern temperature zone. But, owing to itslarge size, varied landforms and surrounding waters, theclimate is tropical in Hawaii and Florida, arctic in Alaska, semiarid in the Great Plains, and arid in the Great Basin.2. New England belongs to maritime climate. It has distinct seasons with a long cold winter,and short and warm summer. Spring and Fall are warm, and the region receives plenty of rainfall.The Middle Atlantic States have a similar climate to that of New England, but the average temperature is a little higher.3. The Great Plains have a variety of weather throughout the year, which is very cold in winterand very hot in summer, with often strong winds.4. The climate around the Great Lakes is temperate. Winters are sometimes extremely cold;summers are very hot; the region receives sufficient rainfall. The wind blows freely, and often causes sudden and extreme changes in temperature and creates many tornadoes.P. 232I Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. F2. F3. F4. T5. T6. TP. 237I Write down the names of the places according to the photos.1. Golden Gate Bridge, San Francisco2. Niagara Falls3. Las Vegas4. Red Rock Country5. The Grand Canyon6. DisneylandP. 240I Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. F2. F3. T4. F5. FChapter Nine The People and Their CultureP. 243I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. third, China, 313.7 million. (书中in 2010错误, 应改为in 2012.)2. 1%, high, below.3. urban, 250.4. northeastern part, 1/4, half.5. New York city, 27 million, Chicago, 9 million.6. California, Texas.II Answer the following questions.1. American population is characterized by variety in composition. The White is the mainstream, and takes up about 72.4% of the total population. Hispanics 16.3%, Blacks 12.6%, Asians 4.8 %, American Indians and Alaska Natives 0.9%, and Native Hawaii and other Pacific Islanders 0.2%.2. The most densely populated region is the northeastern area, including parts of New England, the Mid Atlantic and Mid West. The size of the region takes up about 1/4 of the total, butalmost 1/2 of the total population lives there.3. Comparing with the large size, the population density of the Great Pains is low. The northern part is rather empty. In the combined area of North and South Dakotas, Nebraska and Kansas,an area as great as France and Italy put together, there are only 6.2 million inhabitants in 2010.4. The northeastern part is the most densely populated region in America, because this place is the birthplace of America, also the highly developed area.Since the unfavorable living conditions in the west part of the Great Plains and Rockies, the population is thin.The south and west used to thinly populated, but with the rapid development in recent years, the population increases fast, and the population along the Pacific Coast grows dense.P. 247--248I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. 55 million, Mexico.2. variety, 100, 31.3. African Americans, slaves.4. Civil Rights, equal civil rights.5. Texas, New Mexico.6. American Indians, Indian Reservations.II Answer the following questions.1. Melting pot is metaphorically used to refer to the US because it is a country of many ethnicgroups from different parts of the world, who came to the New World for freedom in politics or religion. They have been dissipating their different ethnic cultures towards some “standard” by living and working together in the “melting pot”of the US and gradual ly forming a new nation.2. Indian Reservation is the living place of Indians. Indians were driven westward to live inthese barren desert places when Europeans settled in American continent. In these isolated places, they were allowed to keep a part of their own culture and customs.But the Reservations lacked basic public facilities and life-sustaining opportunities. The situation is somewhat better today, but there continues to be problems3. The Hispanics are Spanish-speaking people from Latin America. Over half of HispanicAmericans are of Mexican descents. The second largest group is of Puerto Rican origin.Other origins include Cuban Americans, Colombian Americans, Dominican Americans, etc.P. 250--251I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. 337, 176.2. Spanish, French.3. English, American.4. Spanish, Spanish.5. Cantonese, third, Chinese American.6. their native, English.II Answer the following questions.1. About 337 languages are spoken by Americans, of which 176 are indigenous, and 52languages formerly spoken in the country are now extinct.2. American English was inherited from British colonization, but there are some changes inspelling, grammar, vocabulary and pronunciation, etc.3. Spanish is the second m ost common language in America. The United States holds the world’sfifth largest Spanish-speaking population. Spanish is also an official language of Puerto Rico.Spanish is also the most widely taught second language in America.4. The largest French-speaking communities are in Northeast Maine; Hollywood and Miami,Florida; New York City; and certain areas of rural Louisiana.P. 253--254I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. high adherence, diversity.2. Christians, Protestants, Roman Catholics.3. 30, Baptists, Methodists.4. Judaism, Chinese Americans.5. African Americans, African slaves.6. India, Asian countries.II Answer the following questions.1. The principle of the separation of church and state comes from American Constitution. TheFirst Amendment of the US Constitution guarantees the free exercise of religion and fords the establishment of any religious government.2. Religion plays an important role in many aspects of American life (politics, education, charityand culture) as well as in its international relations. American foreign aid (governmental and private) is very closely related to religion, and based on Christian values that all men and women are the children of God, therefore brothers and sisters; the US State Department issues an annual report on human rights andcriticizes the human rights records in many countries (of which religious freedom is stressed), which is regarded as interfering the internal affairs of other countries; American churches sent many missions abroad, establishing churches, schools and hospitals around the world, such as what the missionaries did in China in 19th and early 20th centuries (e.g., John Leighton Stuart <司徒雷登>and the Yanching University <燕京大学>) . They worked with the American government for the diffusion of their religion and values.Value-oriented diplomacy is one of the characteristics of American international relations.A very important mission of American diplomacy is to diffuse its values around the world,and many such values derive from religion, such as equality, liberty and fraternity; religion even plays a role in the American decisions of war and peace, such as the American war on terror in Iraq and Afghanistan.。

英美概况名词解释

英美概况名词解释英美概况是指英国和美国的基本情况和特点。

下面是对英美概况中一些重要名词的解释：1. 英国（United Kingdom）：由英格兰、苏格兰、威尔士和北爱尔兰四个国家组成的岛国。

英国是世界上最古老的民主国家之一，拥有丰富的文化遗产，包括莎士比亚、披头士乐队等。

2. 美国（United States of America）：由50个州组成的联邦共和国，位于北美洲。

美国是世界上最强大的经济体之一，以及军事、科技、文化等各个领域的重要国家。

3. 英语（English）：英国和美国的官方语言，也是世界上被广泛使用的语言之一。

英国英语和美国英语在语音、发音、词汇等方面有一些差异，但是基本互通。

4. 联合国（United Nations）：成立于1945年的国际组织，致力于维护国际和平与安全、促进全球合作与发展。

英国和美国都是联合国的创始成员国，并在联合国中扮演着重要角色。

5. 环境保护（Environmental Protection）：指保护和改善环境，减少对环境的破坏。

英国和美国都高度重视环境保护，推行一系列措施，如减少污染排放、保护自然资源、推动可持续发展等。

6. 市场经济（Market Economy）：一种经济体制，以市场为基础，由供求关系决定资源配置和价格形成。

英国和美国都采用市场经济模式，注重市场竞争和个体自由，以及保护产权和鼓励创新。

7. 民主制度（Democracy）：一种政治制度，主权由人民拥有，通过选举和公民参与来决定国家事务。

英国和美国都是民主国家，实行三权分立和代议制度，保障公民的基本权利与自由。

8. 文化多样性（Cultural Diversity）：指不同文化在一个社会、国家或地区共存，并且相互影响、交流的现象。

由于历史和移民等原因，英国和美国都具有丰富的文化多样性，包括语言、宗教、习俗、饮食等方面。

以上是对英美概况中一些重要名词的简要解释。

这些名词涉及到政治、经济、文化等多个领域，对于了解和认识英美两国有很重要的意义。

英美概况知识点总结美国

英美概况知识点总结美国美国概况知识点总结1. 地理位置：美国位于北美洲的中央，与加拿大和墨西哥接壤，东临大西洋，西临太平洋。

2. 面积：美国是世界上第四大的国家，总面积约为9.83万平方公里。

3. 人口：美国是世界上第三大的人口国家，人口约为3.27亿。

4. 政治体制：美国是一个联邦制共和国，政治体制为总统制，国家元首为总统。

5. 首都：美国的首都是华盛顿哥伦比亚特区。

6. 经济实力：美国是世界上最大的经济体，国内生产总值（GDP）居世界首位。

7. 联邦制度：美国是一个由50个州组成的联邦制国家，每个州都享有一定的自治权利。

8. 文化多样性：美国是一个移民国家，拥有来自世界各地的不同种族和文化，因此其文化也非常多样化。

9. 科技实力：美国在航空航天、信息技术、医药和生物技术等领域处于世界领先地位。

10. 社会体系：美国拥有完善的社会保障体系和医疗保健制度，以及广泛的教育资源。

英国概况知识点总结1. 地理位置：英国位于欧洲大陆西北部，横跨大不列颠岛和爱尔兰岛东北部。

2. 面积：英国总面积约为24.12万平方公里。

3. 人口：英国是世界上人口密度最高的国家之一，人口约为6600万。

4. 政治体制：英国是一个君主立宪制国家，国家元首为君主，国家首相为政府首脑。

5. 首都：英国的首都是伦敦，也是英国最大的城市和金融中心。

6. 经济实力：英国是世界上经济实力较强的国家之一，拥有发达的金融、服务和制造业。

7. 文化传统：英国有着悠久的文化传统，包括文学、音乐、戏剧和艺术等领域。

8. 政治影响：英国是联合国安全理事会常任理事国之一，对国际事务有重要影响。

9. 教育体系：英国拥有世界一流的教育资源和大学，吸引了大量国际学生前来留学。

10. 社会福利：英国的社会福利制度完善，提供医疗保障、养老金和失业救济等项目。

美国和英国在政治、经济和文化等方面都有着自己独特的特点，对于全球事务具有重要的影响力。

这些国家的概况知识点总结可以帮助我们更好地了解它们的国情和影响力。

《英美概况》中文版完整版 (2)

英美概况一、引言英美是世界上最具影响力的两个国家之一。

它们在政治、经济、文化等方面都具有重要地位，对全球事务产生着巨大影响。

本文将介绍英美的概况，包括其地理、历史、政治体制、经济特征、文化传统等方面的内容。

二、地理特征英美地理上位于北美洲和欧洲西北部。

英国是由大不列颠岛、北爱尔兰和其他岛屿组成的岛国，而美国则横跨北美洲的中北部，拥有广袤的土地和多样的地貌。

两国均享有得天独厚的地理优势，拥有丰富的自然资源。

英国气候温和多雨，其著名的乡村风光和城市景观吸引了众多游客。

美国的气候多样，从亚热带到温带再到寒带都有覆盖，其自然景观包括大峡谷、黄石国家公园等世界级的自然奇观。

三、历史沿革英美的历史源远流长。

英国自古以来就是一个重要的国家，曾经统治过英帝国，将其文化和制度传播到全球各地。

美国则在17世纪开始建立，经过独立战争后成为一个独立自主的国家。

英国和美国在历史上有着密切的联系。

美国的政治制度和法律体系受到了英国的影响，英文也成为美国的官方语言之一。

两国之间的经济合作也非常紧密，互为重要的贸易伙伴。

四、政治体制英国是一个君主立宪制国家，现在的国家元首是女王伊丽莎白二世。

英国的政治制度相对稳定，民主成熟，议会制度是其核心。

议会分为两院，下议院成员由选举产生，上议院则由继承、任命和制度推举产生。

美国是一个联邦制共和国，政府采取三权分立的制度。

总统是国家元首和政府首脑，由选举产生。

国会由参议院和众议院构成，代表着各州和人民的利益。

美国政治体制注重权力平衡和制衡，保障了国家的稳定和民主。

五、经济特征英美在经济上都属于高收入国家，拥有发达的市场经济。

英国是全球最重要的金融中心之一，伦敦市是世界金融的核心。

英国的经济以金融、保险、制造业和创新科技为支柱。

美国是全球最大的经济体，拥有强大的经济实力和产业基础。

其经济结构多样化，包括工业、农业、服务业等多个领域。

美国的创新和科技水平世界领先，许多科技巨头诞生于美国。

六、文化传统英美文化有着广泛的影响力。

英美概况知识点总结

英美概况知识点总结英美概况是指英国和美国的综合概述，包括地理、历史、文化、经济等方面的内容。

以下将从不同角度对英美概况进行总结。

一、地理概况英国位于欧洲大陆西北部，包括大不列颠岛和北爱尔兰。

英格兰、苏格兰、威尔士和北爱尔兰是英国的四个组成部分。

英国是一个岛国，海洋对英国的经济和国际交流起着重要作用。

美国位于北美洲，东临大西洋，西靠太平洋，与加拿大和墨西哥为邻。

美国是世界第三大国家，拥有广袤的领土和多样的地理环境。

二、历史概况英国历史悠久，曾经是大不列颠帝国的核心。

英国是工业革命的发源地，对现代科技和工业发展做出了重要贡献。

美国的历史相对较短，于18世纪独立建国。

美国是一个移民国家，吸引了来自世界各地的移民，形成了多元文化的社会。

三、文化概况英国文化深厚，包括文学、音乐、戏剧等方面的成就。

莎士比亚、狄更斯、奥斯卡·王尔德等众多文化名人出自英国。

英国的摇滚乐、流行音乐也享誉世界。

美国文化的影响力也非常大，好莱坞电影、流行音乐、美式足球等都深受全球喜爱。

美国文学也有众多杰出作品，如马克·吐温的《哈克贝利·费恩历险记》和弗朗西斯·斯科特·菲茨杰拉德的《了不起的盖茨比》。

四、经济概况英国是世界上最发达的资本主义国家之一，金融业和服务业发达。

伦敦作为国际金融中心，具有重要的地位。

美国是全球最大的经济体，以市场经济为基础，拥有世界上最发达的科技和创新产业。

美国是世界上最大的农产品生产国和第二大制造业国。

总结起来，英美概况涵盖了地理、历史、文化和经济等方面的内容。

英国和美国都是世界上具有重要影响力的国家，对世界的发展有着重要的贡献。

两个国家在不同领域都有独特的优势和特色，值得我们进一步深入了解和学习。

(完整版)英美概况美国部分(修正版)

PART TWO The United States of American1.Population, race and ethnic groups 人口和种族1)introduction 概要①the third most populous country in the world,with 255.5 million people.②a nation of immigrants.Immigration accounts for a major source of population growth.Thereare many racial and ethnic groups. Between 80% and 90% of immigration ot the United States now is from Asian and Hispanic counties.The first immigrants in American history came from England and Netherlands. Population movements are common in America.移民是人口增长的一个主要原因。

到目前80%-90%的移民来自亚洲和西班牙语国家。

美国历史上最早的移民来自于英格兰和荷兰。

人口迁徙在美国很普遍。

2)Black people and the Civil Rights Movement①blacks and slaverythe largest of the racial and ethnic minorities in the U.S., which 12.1 per cent of the population; the first blacks were brought to North America as slaves in 1619.美国最大的少数人种是黑人，占人口的12。

英美概况美国部分(修正版)

英美概况：美国部分美国是一个世界强国，也是世界上最发达的国家之一。

它是全球第三大面积的国家，也是人口最多的发达国家之一。

在全球政治、经济、文化和科技等多个方面都具有重要影响力。

本文将介绍美国的基本概况，包括历史、政治、经济、文化等方面的信息。

历史美国的历史可以追溯到17世纪初。

当时，欧洲人开始在美洲殖民，最初的定居点之一是弗吉尼亚州的詹姆斯敦。

在接下来的几个世纪里，欧洲的殖民者不断向西扩张，逐渐控制了整个北美洲。

在18世纪末，美国独立战争爆发，美国成功地获得了独立。

之后，美国逐步成为一个强大的国家，经历了艰苦的内战、两次世界大战、冷战等重要时期。

如今，美国已经发展成为一个全球超级大国。

政治美国是一个联邦共和制国家，由50个州和华盛顿特区组成。

美国的总统是国家最高领导人，其它重要政治职位包括国务卿、众议院议长、参议院议长等。

美国的政治体系强调三权分立，即立法、行政和司法。

除了国家政府外，各个州和地方政府也有很大的自治权力。

例如，州政府负责管理其内部的基础设施、教育、警力等方面的事务。

经济美国是世界上最大的经济体之一，并拥有世界上最先进的市场经济体系。

其国内生产总值(GDP)约为21万亿美元，占据了全球总GDP的近四分之一。

美国的经济以服务业和制造业为主。

其中，科技产业是美国经济的一个重要支柱，硅谷和纽约市的科技企业在全球范围内都有重要影响力。

美国的贸易额也非常高，是世界上最大的进口国和第二大出口国。

文化美国文化是世界上最多元化的文化之一，其核心价值包括自由、民主和平等。

美国拥有世界最顶尖的大学、艺术机构和博物馆，其中包括哈佛大学、纽约大都会艺术博物馆、洛杉矶县艺术博物馆等。

美国的音乐和电影产业也非常有名，好莱坞电影更是成为了世界的一张名片。

在日常生活中，美国人非常注重个人隐私和自由，热爱户外运动和旅游。

他们吃的食物和所喜欢的体育运动都各具特色，如热狗、汉堡包、冰淇淋、棒球等。

美国是一个多元化的国家，拥有着丰富的历史、政治、经济和文化。

英美概况知识点总结高中

英美概况知识点总结高中英美概况是指英国和美国两个国家的基本情况和特点的总称，包括国家地理环境、政治制度、经济发展、文化传统、社会风貌等多个方面的内容。

作为世界上两个最具有影响力和历史底蕴的国家，英美概况的了解对于增进我们对这两个国家的了解和认识具有重要意义。

下面将进行英美概况知识点的总结，以便于大家更好地了解这两个国家。

一、英国概况1. 地理环境英国位于欧洲大陆西北面，是一个由英格兰、苏格兰、威尔士和北爱尔兰四个国家组成的联合王国。

英国地处大西洋东部，地形多样，有山地、平原、丘陵和岛屿等地貌。

英国的气候受大西洋海洋性气候影响，冬季温和湿润，夏季凉爽多雨。

英国是一个发达的海岛国家，拥有丰富的自然资源和美丽的风景。

2. 政治制度英国的政治制度是君主立宪制，君主是国家元首，议会是最高权力机构。

英国议会分为上议院和下议院两个部分，议会具有立法和监督政府职能。

英国政府由内阁负责，内阁首相是政府首脑，由议会多数党派的领导人担任。

英国的政治体制稳定成熟，拥有悠久的历史传统和独特的民主制度。

3. 经济发展英国是一个发达的工业化国家，经济实力雄厚。

英国拥有发达的资本市场和金融服务业，是全球金融中心之一。

英国的经济以服务业为主，尤其是金融、保险、房地产、科技和娱乐等领域发展迅速。

此外，英国也拥有发达的制造业和农业，是世界上最重要的出口国之一。

4. 文化传统英国是文化名城，拥有丰富的文化传统和历史遗产。

英国文学、音乐、艺术、博物馆、剧院等领域都有重要影响力。

英国享有丰富多样的文化产业，包括电影、电视、出版、游戏等领域蓬勃发展。

英国还拥有众多世界知名的文化遗产，如巨石阵、温莎城堡、巴斯古城等。

5. 社会风貌英国社会多元包容，拥有多样的文化建制和生活方式。

英国是一个移民国家，吸引了来自世界各地的移民，形成多元的社会结构。

英国的社会福利体系完善，医疗、教育、社会保障等公共服务和福利都得到充分保障。

英国社会秩序良好，法治建设完善，民众享有相对安定和安全的生活环境。

英美概况知识点总结

英美概况知识点总结英美是指英国和美国这两个英语为官方语言的国家。

它们在政治、经济、文化等方面有许多共同点，同时也存在一些差异。

下面将从地理、历史、政治、经济、文化等方面对英美进行总结。

地理概况：英美两国都位于北美洲，但地理位置有一些差异。

英国是一个由大不列颠岛和北爱尔兰组成的岛国，位于欧洲西北部的大西洋上。

美国则位于北美洲的中北部，东临大西洋，西濒太平洋。

历史概况：英国是一个历史悠久的国家，拥有世界上最古老的君主制度。

英国曾经是世界上最大的殖民帝国，统治过许多地区。

美国则是一个相对年轻的国家，于1776年宣布独立，脱离英国殖民统治。

美国独立后逐渐发展成为世界上最强大的国家之一。

政治概况：英国是一个君主立宪制国家，国家元首是女王，但实际上的政府首脑是首相。

英国的政治制度相对稳定，以议会制度为基础。

美国是一个联邦制共和国，国家元首是总统，政府采取三权分立的制度。

美国的政治制度注重个人自由和权利保护。

经济概况：英国是世界上第六大经济体，拥有发达的市场经济和先进的金融体系。

主要经济领域包括金融服务、制造业、创意产业等。

美国是世界上最大的经济体，拥有高度发达的市场经济和先进的科技产业。

主要经济领域包括金融服务、制造业、科技产业等。

文化概况：英国是文化的发源地之一，拥有丰富的文化遗产和悠久的文学传统。

莎士比亚、狄更斯等文学巨匠都是英国的代表作家。

英国还有伦敦的剧院、博物馆等文化场所吸引着世界各地的游客。

美国是一个多元文化的国家，吸引了许多移民和不同文化背景的人。

美国的文化产业非常发达，好莱坞电影、流行音乐等在世界范围内有着广泛影响。

总结：英美两国在地理、历史、政治、经济、文化等方面都有许多共同点，同时也存在一些差异。

英国是一个历史悠久、文化底蕴深厚的国家，而美国则是一个相对年轻、多元文化的国家。

两国都在世界上扮演着重要的角色，对全球发展和影响具有重要意义。

英美概况课件(美国)1

The Atlantic Seacoast West to Appalachians
New England: ME, NH, VT, MA, RI & CT Middle Atlantic States: NY, NJ, PA, MD, DE & WV Deep South/ Cotton Belt Appalachian Mountains
Natural Resources
The United States is a land rich in natural resources.
Iron, coal, oil, gas, silver, gold water forestry
Assignment
Presentation The Great Lakes in the US Geographical Distribution of China
Climate:
Northern temperate zone
New England: cold winter, short summer, beautiful fall Middle Atlantic Region: four definite season The south: warm climate, abundant rainfall The Midwest: temperate, sufficient rainfall Great Plains States west of the Rockies
Continental Divide / Great Divide Yellowstone National Park
Plateau between the Rockies & the Cascade-Sierra Nevada ranges CascadeDeath Valley Mt. Whitney

英美概况美国部分整理

America➢The Founding of Colonies殖民地的建立First Inhabitants：American IndiansDiscovery of the New World：1492 Christopher Columbus →the discoverer of America(Italian)Spanish Queen’ s support1501-2 Amerigo Vespucci →the new land was name after him as America.reached the mouth of Amazon RiverAmerica—the New WorldEurope—the Old World13 colonies：New England Colonies: Mid Atlantic Colonies: Southern Colonies:Massachusetts →（2nd colony，1620）New York MarylandNew Hampshire Pennsylvania Virginia →（1st colony，1607）Rhode Island Delaware North CarolinaConnecticut South CarolinaGeorgia →（the last colony，1733）New England Region（6个）: Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, New Hampshire, Maine andVermont建立原因：Virginia, 1607Virginia CompanyFor foreign expansion as a way of easing religious dispute and economic distress in England 105 men (no women)Jamestown in honor of the kingMassachusetts In 1620102 Puritans (“Pilgrim Fathers”), in Mayflower, from Plymouth in England to America First in Plymouth (today’s Massachusetts); and then BostonSeek religious freedomMayflower Compact <五月花号公约>：self-governmentHardships when arrivedthe help of the IndiansThanksgiving Day to thank the Indians and the God for protectionThe next three coloniesRhode Island, Connecticut, New HampshireReasons:1. religious disputes and struggles in Massachusetts intensified2. more immigrantsMaine and VermontReason: Proximity (邻近)Non-English ColoniesNew York, New Jersey were first colonized by the Dutch.Delaware was founded by the Swedish.Pennsylvania: Quakers /the Society of Friends (another group of English Protestant) William Penn, the founderGranted coloniesMaryland granted by Charles I to his friend Lord Baltimore as a refuge for English Catholics. South Carolina and North Carolina given by Charles II to his eight close supporters.The last colony GeorgiaA haven (港口，避难所) for English prisoners of debt who could not discharge their debts.➢The Early Immigrants最初的殖民与殖民生活White Anglo-Saxon Protestants (WASPs)Reasons to immigrate:1. religious disputes （persecute Catholics and Protestants）2. to become rich in the New World (Protestant work ethic)3. poor men as indentured servants（契约劳工）4. convictsAmerican culture:A blending of European cultures, but not a mere transplantation.New values:1. new ideas and reforms2. adaptations: less formal and more practical; less conservative and more outspoken3. industrious4. elasticity (弹性，灵活性),tolerance, compromise5. religion as a private affair6. liberty and democracy➢Boston Tea Party 波士顿倾茶事件Relation between England and ColoniesEconomic: supply England with raw materials while importing goods manufactured in England. England ←Rival; seven years war (1756-1763) →FranceProtection Make use of Indians to attack each other↓English colonies in America ←attack →Indians波士顿倾茶事件Cause: England allow the East India Company to undersell tea without paying import tax in the colonies. Place&Time：December 16, 1773, Boston harbor英国惩罚措施Intolerable Acts：ask to pay tea loss；to deprive self-ruleResult:This policy aroused the colonial opposition and they declared“no taxation without representation”.➢Two Continental Congresses 两次大陆会议1st Continental CongressSept. 5, 1774 in PhiladelphiaDelegates from 12 colonies except GeorgiaDocument: Declaration of Rights and Grievances 《权利和不满宣言》Rejected by the British ParliamentColonial militiamen were organized.The first armed clash （莱克星顿的枪声——导火索）April 19, 1775; Gunshots at the village Lexington, near Boston2nd Continental CongressMay 10, 1775 in Philadelphia, Independence HallOrganize and equip an American armyAppointing George Washington as commander-in-chiefAsk for help from other countries, esp. FrancePublic support: 1776, Thomas Paine published Common Sense and The American Crisis➢Declaration of Independence独立宣言During the 2nd Continental Congress——A committee,(composed of Thomas Jefferson,Benjamin Franklin,John Adam and other members)To draw up the Declaration of Independence.It was drafted by Thomas Jefferson on July 4th, 1776(Independence Day / the National Day of the US) was a milestone in American history.It is remarkable in that it approaches the problem of American independence from the angle of human rights.“We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness; that to secure these rights, governments are instituted among men, deriving their just powers from the consent the governed; that whenever any form of government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the right of the people to alter or to abolish it, and to institute a new government...”--- Declaration of Independence, drafted by Thomas Jefferson, Benjamin Franklin, John Adams, etc..来源和评价：A masterpiece of western philosophy; mainly comes from the British philosopher John Lockeequality and freedomuniversal; beyond American boundaries➢Military Struggle and the Final Victory 战争经过和最后胜利England VS America 战前实力对比England Americapopulation: 10 m. 3 millionmost advanced not developedstrongest navy noneHigh morale-- Americans: high morale but repeated setbacksDifficulties:1. not every colonist support the revolution: loyalists such as big merchants and bankers2. the Continental Congress cannot pass laws and it did not have an executive branch to carry out the decisions3. lack money4. each colony is more concerned about defending itself than gaining independence as a whole5. lack the strength to fight against the British army.Turning point and the victories1.Surprise attacks游击战2.Franklin’ s diplomatic activities to obtain foreign aids, such as aids from France, Spain and Holland.3.French volunteers: e.g. LafayetteLast victory: Decisive battle at Yorktown led by WashingtonOn Oct. 19, 1781, British general Cornwallis (康沃利斯) surrendered.The final peace treaty The Treaty of Paris in 1783 acknowledged the American Independence. （The final peace treaty was signed in 1782 and went in effect in 1783）➢Constitutional Convention 制宪会议America Following Independencenew problems1) how to make use of the new territory--allow the founding of new states [equality and democracy]2) not very closely united--13 separate states rather than a united country3) economic difficulties-- trade problem with Britain--debts because of the Independance War-- increasing tax and Shays’Rebellion in MassachusettsThe need for a new Government was felt——May 25,1787,55 delegates from all states except Rhode Island attended the Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia.No easy work:the North vs the Souththe upper class vs lower classstate government vs central governmentThe draft of Constitution--completed on September 17, 1787--Constitutional Day of the USThe Father of the Constitution: James MadisonBill of Rights(1789): 10 amendments to the Constitutionfreedom of religion,freedom of speech and the press,the right of peaceful assembly and petition,the right to keep and bear arms,the right against unreasonable searches and seizures,the right against self-incrimination（自证其罪）---the right for everyone to refuse to give witness against himself in any criminal case.---a defense line against violations of human rights政治体制见另一张➢Territorial Expansion 领土扩张Washington as the First President 华盛顿执政期间April 6, 1789, Washington was elected as the First President by a unanimous vote in New York (provisional capital)1) success in transforming the states into a union2) Economy witnessed development"the first man in war, the first man in peace”Ways to Expand 四种领土扩张方式Purchase: Louisiana Purchase, Gadsden Purchase, Alaska Purchase, etcWar: Mexican War, Independence War, Spanish Cessions, etc.Annexation: Mexican Annexation, Hawaii Annexation, etc.Westward MovementJefferson and the Purchase of Louisiana 杰斐逊执政期间---third US President in 1801---emphasized development of agriculture and commerce---favored the westward expansionLouisiana Purchase, 1803其意义：1.doubled the territory of US and make possible further expansion2.put the Mississippi River system under the complete control of the US1) stimulate the agricultural and industrial development of the Midwest2)appearance of large cities as Chicago and Kansas CitiesThe Mexican War (1846-1848 ) 过程-- America claimed Texas, used to be part of the great Spanish Colony, was included in the purchase of Louisiana.-- In 1836, self-declaration of independence of Texas with many American Settlers from Mexico-- 1846, The Mexican War broke but finally an unequal treaty was forced on Mexico.➢Westward Movement 西进运动Expansion to the west (end of 18th- first half of 19th century)reason to move:1.small for increased population2.not satisfied with the present life3.American frontiersmen 拓荒者The most outstanding of all the westward migration took place after the war of 1812,there were manycontributing factors:--the war 1812 drove the native Indians--the Federal government built roads and canals-- The Mississippi River opened and steam boat was invented in 1807.-- government policy: land for sale--the Homestead Act 宅地法（1862 President Lincoln)Cities:San Francisco,Portland,DenverThe significance and importance西进运动的重要性和影响-- Frontiersmen's InfluencePositive:on Politics：---Frontiersmen as presidents; Jackson, Lincoln and GrantExpanded territory and increased population laid the foundation for a global power. On Economicsfast development of agriculturefood surplus for tradecontribution to industrializationOn transportation and urbanizationOn American character and value---dash and daring, ready to run risks and aggressive---learn many skills and self-reliance, self-discipline---farmers and hunters , poor lower class; so not pay attention to social background ---hard work: "work freaks", and "work addicts"---rough , pragmatic and less refined , honestNegative: Trail of Tears of Indians➢The beginning of Slavery in America 美国奴隶制起源Reason: labor shortage in the coloniesTime: first in 1619 to plant tobaccoMethod: the triangular trade :carried out by the slave traders mainly from the New England by capturing Negros in west Africadevelopment and change:-- declined after Independence War-- revived when the American Industrial Revolution began in late 18th century.-- By 1860, 3 million Negro slaves; 1/3 of the Southern population➢American Civil War 南北战争/美国内战Conflicts arising from SlaveryReasons：-- Economically,north demanded the Congress to pass the protective tariff law--Politically,westward expansion: new land as free states or slave-holding states?--Religious and moral reason:slavery as inhuman and brutalDevelopment of the conflict1) abolitionists: to end slavery---secret organization to help slaves escape---mobilize public support2)the publication of Uncle Tom's Cabin (1852 Mrs. Stowe)（led to the outbreak of the American civil war一个小妇人的一部小书引起了一场战争）总结：Civil War爆发的原因：1.Political balance between the North and the South was broken2.Slavery inhibited the development of capitalism3.Some Christians opposed slavery for religious and moral reasons.Abraham Lincolna Republican; anti -slaveryOn March 4, 1861 President LincolnFirm in preserving the UnionMilitary Contest in the Civil War2 sides : the Confederate States of America (Confederacy) led by Davis and the Union led by Abraham LincolnAttack On April 12, 1861 led by Fort Sumter, South CarolinaLincoln's goal: to defend the Union and defeat separatism分离论North Southadvantages: advantages:---larger population ---strong military tradition---loyal Navy ---experienced military officers---factories for munition production ---high morale---enough food supplydisadvantages: disadvantages:---poorly prepared ---smaller population---inexperienced soldiers ---not enough food supplyThe year 1863 was a turning point when the blockade stopped all foreign trade of the South.In July 1863, a great victory of the North in Gettysburg, Pennsylvania.Emancipation Proclamation, effective on Jan. 1, 1863Lincoln's Gettysburg Address: government of the people, by the people, for the people. 民有,民治,民享The Suffering of the South:men were killed, cities leveled to the ground, crops destroyedThe Union win the Final VictoryApril 2, 1865, Appomattox; Ulysses Grant (Union)vs. Robert Lee (Confederate)Effect of the Civil WarFinally put an end to slaverybut not really carried outKu Klux Klan (3K党)：secret organization to threaten the black people.Economic development:Henry Ford in 1908Wright Brothers in 1903Telephone by Bill in 1876The lamp and motion picture by Thomas EdisonMonopolies 垄断公司The Standard Oil Company ,founded by John D. Rockefeller in 1870The United States Steel Corporation by Andrew CarnegieThe Bell telephone system➢America in and after WWI一战中和一战后的美国America before WWI (1914-1918)in the West: Latin America and the Caribbean were the backyard of it.In the East, the US advocated the Open Door Policy to guarantee its trade access.Military Blocs：Triple Alliance / Central Powers：Allied Entente：Germany BritainAustria-Hungary FranceItaly（后加入Allied Entente）RussiaAmerica (1917) On April 6,1917,the United States declaredwar on GermanyReasons of America to Join WarGerman submarines sank American shipsfear of Americans interests（huge loans made to Britain）Germany induced Mexico to war against AmericaAfter WWIPeace Conference in Paris in 1919the US president, Woodrow Wilson, put forward the Fourteen Points Plan, hoping to establish a new world order based on American values and ideals.Fourteen Points Plan unaccepted.The Americans shifted to isolationism.The Treaty of Versailles （American opposed to)The Roaring 20s("the jazz age")特点：Peaceful and prosperous"the jazz age"material consumptionspiritual frustrationIndustrial BoomBased on science and technologyMass production by assembly lines（car,movie,radio,chemical industries）Social Life: Womanhood as an Examplefirst wave of Feminist Movement for political and economic rightswomen's vote right was granted with the 19th amendment to the Constitution in 1920New Woman Image: job, bobbed hair, short skirts, lavish cosmetics, smoking and beauty contestsAmerican Values Corrupted by MaterialismThe Prohibition Law in 1919Spiritual Frustration: the Lost Generationlost American writersdiscontent with the existing social reality, but they did not know what to do about it."eat, drink, and be happy for tomorrow we shall die"➢The Great Depression 经济大萧条Mark标志: New York stock market crash on October 24, 1929[The bear market; “the black Thursday”]Results：BankruptcyShortage of money/ povertySharply reduced industrial productionStricken agricultureUnemploymentHomelessness: Many people had to live in dug-outs or tin-can shacks which were nicknamed Hoovervilles, a word derived from the name of President Hoover.EmigrationFranklin Roosevelt: a light in the darkness 罗斯福介绍Roosevelt selected as president in 1932.Family background: rich familyEducation background: Harvard Uni.Health: polio at 40; can't walk normallyPresident Roosevelt's “New Deal”罗斯福新政---presented to Congress more than 70 bills for approval, known as “New Deal”[新政]---1st: to pass the Emergency Banking Act---to enlarge employment and increase consumption---public projects: infrastructure---to raise the price of farm productsetc.Roosevelt's "Fireside Chat" 炉边谈话first "chat" on the radio to ask for confidence in the government and to return gold and money so as to reopen them.30 chats during the depression and the coming WWII.warmed, cheered, united people at that timeSignificance of New Deal 新政的重要性/影响---Roosevelt achieved some success in revitalizing American economy.---His New Deal strengthened the government regulation of economic activities and initiated the social welfare system in the United States.➢America in and after WWⅡ二战背景Background：The spread of Great Depression: Germany was the worst hit; led to Hitler’s fascist expansion.Time：Sept. 1939Mark: Germany’s invasion of Poland各国不同立场：---Russia-German nonaggression pact signed in Moscow in 1939---England and France: first, appeasement and nonintervention policy [by Munich Agreement], by selling other lands for peace [e.g. Sudetenland in Czech]; later, declared war on Germany when German army drove into France.Changes of US Stance：--- Neutrality from 1935-1937: 3 neutrality acts--- Pro-Ally policy from 1939: sell arms and munitions to belligerents on a “cash-and-carry”basis.--- Getting prepared for war from 1940 due to the deteriorated situation: the Roman-Berlin Axis [fascist military bloc]--- Contribution to the war from 1941: Lend-Lease Bill [clever invention of Roosevelt]: any qualified countries could borrow or rent American weapons ---America is“the great arsenal of democracy”--- Entry into the war on Dec. 8, 1941: Japan’s air raid on Pearl HarborAmerica in the War：War-time economyConcentrated on the battlefields in EuropeSeveral million American soldiers诺曼底登陆（D-Day)：June 6, 1944, known as D-day, the first contingents of American and British invasion army landed on the beaches of Normandy, opening the long-delayed western front to attack the Germans.Surrender of Japan 日本投降On August 6 and 9, 1945, American aircraft dropped two atom bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki in Japan, killing nearly 200,000 people. On August 14, Japan surrendered unconditionally and the WWII ended.America after the War-- Became a creditor nation-- Unemployment disappeared-- Dominant industrial production in the world and robust GDP-- Export monopoly in the world market-- Personal wealth accumulation and growing domestic marketA rising superpower and world leader➢Cold War and America in the 21st CenturyCold War (1945-1989)Cold war: the international tension, conflicts and containment without bloody hot war between Soviet Union and the U.S.Duration: end of WWII to the collapse of Berlin Wall in 1989Hot-spots热点地带：---Southern and Western Europe and Truman Doctrine, Marshall Plan;---Berlin Wall---Korean War---Vietnam War---Cuban Missile CrisisThe Truman Doctrine and the Marshall Plan 杜鲁门主义和马歇尔计划Stage 1：In Feb. 1947, Britain would end the economical support of Greece and Turkey, which would fall into the hands of the Soviet Union. America decided to help the two countries.Stage 2：The Truman Doctrine: President Truman’s speech to the Congress in Feb. 1949: the U.S. government would support any country which said it was fighting against Socialism.[real purpose]Stage 3：The worsening economic situation in Western Europe, coupled with a severe cold and snowstorm: might turn CommunistStage 4:The Marshall Plan (1947-1952): offer economic aid to Western economy; announced by Secretary of State (美国国务卿) George Marshall on June 5, 1947; $ 13 billionBerlin WallSoviet Union: block the West Berlin in June, 1948The U.S. : Airlift for food suppliesSoviet Union: Lifted the blockade in May, 1949.The foundation of NATO laterVietnam War (1955-1975)After 1970sIn 1980s, Reagan Revolution; Economic policy to counter against the inflation in 1970s:George Bush: Gulf War海湾战争Bill Clinton: Whitewater affair; Lewinsky ScandalAmerica in the 21st Century: terrorism and anti-terrorismGeorge W. Bush: Sept. 11th, Afghanistan War; Iraqi WarBarack Obama: new terrorismAmerican Political System美国政治体制：（Overview）The American Constitution---significancefounded federalism and introduced checks and balances（三权分立）into government for the first time in history—Based on division of power↓1.The First division of power-- federal governmentproblems of general concern e.g.to coin money, regulate commerce, raise an army and declare war, to make peace and treaties, levy taxes (征税)-- state governmentAll the powers not listed in the Constitution to pass state laws2.The Second division of power: check and balance system---three separate yet interdependent branches:The Executive (administration): presidentThe Legislative : the CongressThe Judicial: the Supreme Court, 11 courts of appeals and 91 district courts1)The Legislative : the Congress(535人)---the House of Representatives(435人,任期两年): in proportion to population---the Senate(100人,任期六年,三分之一的参议院席位每两年选举一次):2 Senators of each statethe Congress : make laws, levy taxes and money to cover government expenditure2)The Executive: Administration Headed by President总统任期四年，可连任一届the power of the President:to execute the law passed by theCongressto sign the act passed by Congress into lawto veto the bill passed by the Congressto appoint Federal Judges and Federal officials with the approval of the Senatein charge of the foreign policyCannot dissolve Congress while Congress cannot remove the President from office so long as he behaves well.总统选举——选举人团制度“胜者全得”制度（the winner-take-all System），即把本州的选举人票全部给予在该州获得相对多数普选票的总统候选人。

英美概况美国概况ppt教案

文化遗产：自由女神像、华盛顿纪念碑等
自由女神像
位于纽约港口，是法国送给美国的礼物，象征着自由和民主。
华盛顿纪念碑
位于华盛顿特区，是为纪念美国第一任总统乔治·华盛顿而建造的，高耸入云，是华盛顿特区的标
志性建筑之一。
独立宫
位于费城，是美国独立战争时期的重要历史遗址，也是《独立宣
言》的签署地。
07
总统制
两党制
美国政治中主要有两大政党，即民主党和共和党，两党通过竞选争夺总统职位和国会席位，形成两党制的政治格局。
美国实行总统制，总统是国家元首、政府首脑和军队总司令，拥有广泛的行政权和领导权。
主要政府机构及其职能
国会
总统及行政部门
国会是美国最高立法机构，由参议院和众议院组成，负责制定法律和监督政府行为。
科技创新为美国经济带来了显著的增长动力，提高了生产效率和竞争力。
美国的科技创新涉及多个领域，如人工智能、生物技术、航空航天等。
当前经济挑战及未来展望
美国经济面临着一些挑战，如财政赤字、贸易不平衡、收入不平
等问题。
未来，美国经济将继续面临全球化和技术变革带来的机遇和挑战
。
预计美国经济将保持增长动力，但增速可能会受到国内外经济环
英美概况美国概况ppt教案
目录
• 引言 • 美国地理与历史背景 • 美国政治制度与政府机构 • 美国经济概况与发展趋势 • 美国社会文化与风俗习惯 • 美国旅游资源与推荐景点 • 总结回顾与课程考核
01
引言
教学目标与要求
01
掌握美国地理、历史、政治、经济、文化等方面的基本情况
02
了解美国的社会制度、价值观念、生活方式等文化特征

美国概况

美国位于西半球北美洲中部地区，
北美洲全图
一、东部：巴拉契亚山地及沿海低地平原阿二、大平原三、西部：

北美洲西
山东地部及阿沿海低契地亚拉巴
！、东：落基山脉 2、中：高原和盆地相间 3、西：内华达山脉及海岸山地
部山地
中部大平原
美国主要的河流和湖泊一、河流：密西西比河（6262KM）、康涅锹格河、萨斯奎哈纳河、哈得逊河、特拉华河、波托马克河、詹姆斯河。国际河流：圣劳仑斯河、哥伦比亚河格郎德河、科罗拉多河湖泊：五大湖（苏比利尔湖、密执安湖、休伦湖、伊利湖、安大略湖。
五大湖
苏比利尔湖休伦密执安湖利湖
湖
圣劳伦斯河
圣劳伦河
湖
湖
利湖
美国中部密西西比河
密西西比河入海口港口城市：
新奥尔良
美国国会大厦
美国总统府：白宫
纽约曼哈顿岛
金融中心：华尔街
联合国总部
纽约夜景
美国东北部：圣劳伦斯河，五大湖，及东北部的城市。
东北部城市：波士顿、纽约，费城、华盛顿佛吉尼亚巴尔的摩
东南部城市：休斯顿、新奥尔良、迈阿密、
英美概况第二编美国部分
课件制作刘存明
第一章：
综述
第一节：美国概况
一、组成：1776年7月4日美国宣布独立，美国全称“美利坚合众国”United Stated America. USA.由50个州和一个特区组成，本土48个州，2个海外州，另外还有一些领地和托管地。二，面积：937万KM2 次于俄、加、中，居世界第四位。三、人口：2。63亿，白人占85%、黑人占11%，其他人种占3%（印第安人、墨西哥人、波多黎各人）四、语言：英语五、宗教：基督教为主六、目前为高度发达的资本主义强国，世界上唯一的超级大国。第二节：自然地理一、位置：位于西半球，北美洲中部，中纬度地区，东临大西洋，西临太平洋，北于加拿大接续壤，南于墨西哥为邻。是一个三面靠海的国家，自然地理位置十分优越。

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