英美概况(美国)

1.新大陆的发现

Christopher Columbus 1492

2.英国人在美洲最早的居留地

Virginia

3.在美洲13个英属殖民地名称

Connecticut , Delaware , Georgia , Massachusetts , Maryland New York , New Jersey , New Hampshire, North Carolina ,Pennsylvania , Rhode Island , South Carolina ,Virginia

4.两次新大陆会议

the First Continental Congress : in 1774.9 Philadelphia

the Second Continental Congress : in 1775.5 Philadelphia 5.美国独立战争（the War of Independence）开始的时间1775

6.独立宣言(Declaration of Independence)的起草者，它在何时被什么机构通过，标志着什么

Thomas Jefferson, 1776.7.4 ,the Congress,

the establishment of the United States

7.邦联条款（the Articles of Confederation）

The Articles of Confederation is the agreement that set a plan of cooperation which would raise money to pay off debts of the war ,establish a money system and deal with foreign nations in

making treaties.

8.制宪会议（the Constitutional Convention）

时间：1787.5

地点：Philadelphia

参与者：delegates from 12 states (Rhode Island refused to participate)

结果:The Constitutional Convention set up a federal system with a strong central government.

9.三权分立（哪三权，由什么部门实行这一权利，核心）executive branch (行政机构),President ,serve as the presiding officer of the Senate

legislative branch（立法机构），the Congress, make federal laws, levy federal taxes, put foreign treaties into effect, declare war judicial branch （司法机构）,Supreme Court ,determine whether congressional legislation or executive action violates the Constitution

核心:checks and balances

10.人权法案（the Bill of Rights）被加入宪法的时间

1791

11.美国的两大政党

Democratic Party ,Republican Party

12.美国的三大宗教

Judaism , Catholism , Protestantism

13.美国教育的三个阶段

elementary school :kindergarten to grades 6

secondary school :junior high school ——grades 7 to 9

senior high school ——grades 10 to 12

high school

14.美国最早的一所大学

Harvard University, 1636

15.美国一些著名的大学名称

Harvard ,Yale ,Princeton ,MIT, Stanford ,Columbia, Cornwell, Dartmouth ,Rice ,University of Chicago ,University of Pennsylvania,

16.美国在20世纪60年代时期的三大社会运动

Civil Rights Movement 黑人人权运动;the older （usually male）, Negro leaders ,black and white young people, some white professionals ,some white housewives; Southern Afro-Americans could vote, legal segregation ended in the South.

Youth/Anti-war Movement 青年/反战运动；young people who were rebelling against their parents ,teachers and government authorities; In 1973,the US signed a peace treaty.

Women’s Liberating Movement 妇女解放运动;professionals,

educated women ,young or middle-aged white housewives and mothers ,young activists

17.美国在二战之后的对外政策

政策：

1945~1989

in the late 1940s ,containment policy

in 1948 ,Truman policy

in 1970s ,Nixon policy

in 1982 ,Reagan’s stars war project

1989~现今

Clinton global strategy

in 2001 ,George W. Bush’s unilateralism, faith in military strength ,and preemption

18.美国文学

early fiction :

Washington Irving ,《History of New York 》,《The Legend of Sleepy Hollow》,《Tour on Prairies》,《Rip Van Winkle》James Fenimore Cooper ,《Leatherstocking Tales》,《The Spy》,《The Pioneers》

transcendentalists :

Ralph Emerson ,《Nature》

Henry David Thoreau ,《Walden》