动词ING形式语法补充

1. –ing 形式作状语

作时间状语：Walking along the street, I met Mary. (= While I was walking along the street….)在街上走的时候，我遇到了玛丽。

作原因状语：Being tired, I stopped to take a rest.(= Because I was tired, ….)

作条件状语：Turning to the left, you will find the school. (= If you turn to the left, ….)

作让步状语：Knowing where I live, he never come to see me .(= Though he knows where I live, ….) 尽管他知道我的住处，但从不来看我。

作伴随状语：I stood there, waiting for her. (= …, and waited for her.) 我站在那儿等她。

作结果状语：It rained heavily, causing severe flooding in the area.(= It rained heavily so that it caused severe flooding in the area.)在这个地方雨下的如此大，以至引发了洪灾。

3. 使用- ing形式需注意的几个问题

分词(短语) 作状语时, 其逻辑主语必须与句子的主语一致。如果不一致，必须用独立主格结构来表示，也就是在分词前面加上它的逻辑主语。

My wife had a long talk with Sally, exp laining why she didn’t want the children to play together. 我妻子与莎莉谈了很长时间, 解释她为什么不想让孩子们在一起玩。

(现在分词explaining是句子主语my wife做的动作,它们之间是主动关系, 即explaining的逻辑主语，就是句子的主语my wife 。)

The train having gone, we had to wait another day.（the train逻辑主语+ having gone 即为独立主格结构）

误: Having been told many times, but he still couldn’t understand it.

正: He was told many times, but he still couldn’t understand it.

或Having been told many times, he still couldn’t understand it.

-ing的一般式和完成式现在分词都可以表示先后接连发生的动作。在可能引起误解的场合应该用完成式现在分词表示先发生的动作。

Opening the drawer，he took out his wallet. (=He opened the drawer and took out his wallet.) Coming into the room, he put down his bag. (=He came into the room and put down his bag.)他走进房间，放下提包。

Having brushed his teeth, Mr. Brown came downstairs for breakfast.布朗先生刷过牙, 就下楼来吃早饭。(此句如写成: Brushing his teeth, Mr. Brown came downstairs for breakfast. 可能指“边刷牙, 边下楼。)

分词的否定形式是在分词短语前面加上not, never等否定词构成。

Not fearing the fire, the child touched and got a finger burnt. 小孩儿不知道怕火，用手去摸，把手指烫了。

Not knowing how to find the subway, I asked a policeman for help. 我不知怎样找到地铁，就去找警察帮忙。