专业英语

Printing Presses：An Overview

印刷机：概述

Historical Background

历史背景

The first high-speed printing press was designed around 1450 by Johannes Gutenberg in Germany. Gutenberg tried several different designs, but he settled on the basic form of a wine press .He placed the bed of the press so that it could be rolled out from under the plate,activated the screw by a lever ,and added a frame ,or tympan ,to hold the paper. With this device Gutenberg printed his famous forty-two-line Bible (called the Gutenberg Bible). It took him just over three years to print two hundred copies.

第一台高速印刷机是由约翰内斯·古腾堡德国设计的大约 1450 年。古腾堡尝试几个不同的设计，但他都是建立在葡萄压榨机基础之上。他把床放在压榨机旁，以便它能从板推出，由一根杠杆，激活螺丝和添加帧或鼓膜，要按住纸。与此设备古腾堡印刷他著名的四十两线圣经（称为古腾堡圣经）。他花了刚刚超过三年，来打印 200 多个副本。

Gutenberg’s press worked so well that three hundred years later Benjamin Franklin used a similar design (see illustration). Two men were needed to operate Franklin’s pre ss .The type was locked in place on the bed of the press , the raised portions of the type were inked ,and the paper was positioned on the tympan frame and swung into place over the type. The bed was then rolled under the platen and the lever ( a pressure plate )was activated to press the sheet against the type .The press was then opened, the printed sheet was hung on a line to dry, and the entire processes was repeated. Using this method,two press operator could make about three hundred impressions in a single twelve-hour work-day. The basic steps of feeding the paper, registering the paper to the form,printing,and finally delivering the sheet remain in printing today. Modern processes, however, are more accurate and more rapid than the modified wine press.

古腾堡的印刷机运作的如此好了，因而三百年之后班杰民富兰克林用了相似的

设计. （见到例证）操作富兰克林的印刷机需要两位男人。一种类型是机放上的新闻、文件是该类型的凸起的部分，和纸是定位在鼓膜框架上和摇摆的到位在

类型。当时的机床在压盘之下被卷，而且杠杆（压力碟子）被刺激对着类型压

张了。当时的新闻媒体被打开了，印刷的张在一条线上被吊弄干，而且整个的

程序被重复了。使用此方法，两个按运算符可以在单个十二小时工作时间做出

约三百年的印象。送纸，注册的窗体，该文件的基本步骤印刷、和最后交付工

作表仍然在今天印刷。现代的进程，但是，是更准确和更快比改性葡萄压榨机。Introduction

介绍

A printing press is a machine that transfers an image from a plate or an image carrier to a substrate,such as paper. It is certainly possible to transfer images from a plate without using a machine—consider a rubber stamp or a stencil –but printing presses are much faster and print more accurately than hand methods.

印刷机是一种机器，图像从一个材料或图像载体转移到衬底，如纸。它是当然

有可能从板传输图像，而无需使用一台机器——考虑橡皮戳或模具论断印刷机

是更快、打印比手方法更准确。

Gutenberg’s version of the wine press could be operated at the then fantastic rate of one copy every three minutes .Contemporary high-performance automatic presses can operate at extremely high speeds,with some configurations producing up to 60000 copies per hour. When the paper is fed from a continuous roll (called web feeding), the paper can pass under a printing plate as rapidly as 3000 feet per minute,depending on the type of press.

古腾堡版本的葡萄压榨机的工作效率可能是每三分钟复制一份的奇妙比率。同

时代的高速率印刷机能以极端地高速操作，一些结构产生在到上面每小时的