必修一和必修三四大名词性从句

名词性从句

一、基本概念：由连接词引导，在复合句中起名词作用的从句叫名词性从句。它在复合句中能担任主语、

宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。

二、名词性从句连词选择总原则：看从句中缺少什么成分，根据意思选择适当连接词语；如不缺成分且句意完整，则选用that。

：一找：从句；二查：缺什么成分；三选：合适的连接词

1 主语从句

一、定义：主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句，通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替，而本身放在句子末尾。

二、引导主语从句的连接词主要有三类：连接词that，whether；连接代词what，who，whose，whatever，whichever，whoever等；连接副词when，where，why，how等。

三、连接词that，whether引导：

（1）that：在从句中不作任何成分，也没有词汇意义，一般不可省略。

That the college will take in more new students this year is true．

（2）whether：引导主语从句常放于句首，有时也用it作形式主语替代。

Whether he can finish his task on time is of great importance．

【特别注意】

（1）if不能引导主语从句。

（2）形式主语it替代主语从句。常见的it替代主语从句的句式主要有以下几种：

A．It+系动词+形容词（obvious/true/natural/surprising/good/wonderful/funny/possible/likely/certain/probable 等）+that从句：It is quite clear that the whole project is doomed to failure．

B．It+系动词+名词词组（no wonder/an honor/a good thing/a pity/no surprise等）+that从句：It is our hope that the two sides will work towards peace．

C．It+be+v．ed形式（said/reported/thought/expected/decided/announced/arranged）+that从句It is announced that the plan has been successfully carried out．

D.It+动词短语/动词（occur to/appear/seen/matter/turn out/make no difference）+that

三、连接代词引导：

①What we can’t get seems better than what we already have．

②Who the letter was from is still unknown．

③Whichever of you gets here first will get the prize．

四、连接副词引导：

①How acupuncture reduces and relieves pain is unclear．针灸是如何减轻和解除疼痛的还不清楚。

②Why dinosaurs suddenly disappeared still remains a mystery．

五、it 作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较：it 作形式主语代替主语从句，主要是为了平衡句子结构，主语从句的连接词没有变化。而it引导的强调句则是对句子某一部分进行强调，无论强调的是什么成分，都可用连词that。被强调部分指人时也可用who/whom。

It is a pity that you didn’t go to see the film.你没去看那场电影真是遗憾。

It doesn’t interest me whether you succeed or not.你成功与否对我没有什么吸引力。

六、what 与that 在引导主语从句时的区别：what 引导主语从句时在从句中充当句子成分，如主语、宾语、表语，而that 则不然。如：What you said yesterday is right. 你昨天说的是对的。

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2 宾语从句

一、定义：宾语从句就是在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句，通常放在主句谓语动词（及物动词）或介词之后。

二、引导宾语从句的连接词主要有三类：连接词that，whether，if等，连接代词what，who，whose，whatever，whichever，whoever等，连接副词when，where，why，how等。

三、连接词that，whether，if引导

①I think(that)you should turn to the teacher for help．

②I don’t know if/whether he still lives here after so many years．

【特别注意】whether/if都意为“是否”。一般情况下，它们可以互换，口语中常用if，但以下情况中，只能用whether。

(1)与or not紧接连用时。如：Let me know whether or not you can come．

(2)作介词的宾语从句时。如：We are interested in whether you will attend the meeting．

四、连接代词what，who，whose，whatever，whichever，whoever：

①She asked me whose handwriting was the best in the class．

②I’ll just say whatever comes into my mind．

五、连接副词引导when，where，why，how：

①Do you know when the ancient Olympic Games began?

②I’ve been thinking about how we can make the newspaper more interesting．

【特别注意】

不能省略 that的宾语从句：

1、that作介词的宾语：I don’t know precisely where he lives,expect that it’s somewhere out in the wilds.

2、动词后跟多个 that引导的宾语从句，只有第一个 that可省略，从第二个开始不可省略。

He told me he had to leave and that he would be back soon.

3、宾语从句前有插入语：We hope,on the contrary,that he will stay at home with us.

六、宾语从句的语序：在宾语从句中要用陈述句语序：He asked me when we could set out the next day．

七、宾语从句的时态：

(1)当主句的谓语动词是一般现在时时，其宾语从句的时态可以是任何适当的时态。

She says(that)she works from Monday to Friday．

(2)当主句的谓语动词是一般过去式时，其宾语从句的时态一般要用适当的过去时态。

①He said there were no classes yesterday afternoon．(从句是一般过去时)

②He said that he was going to take care of the baby．(从句是过去将来时)

③He said that they were having a meeting at that time．(从句是过去进行时)

(3)当宾语从句是表达客观真理和规律的句子时，其时态仍旧用一般现在时。

①The teacher told us that nothing is difficult if we put our hearts into it．

②He said that light travels much faster than sound．

【特别注意】在使用宾语从句时需要注意下面几点：

(1)动词find，feel，think，consider，make，believe，guess，suppose，assume等后有宾语补足语时，则需要用it作形式宾语，而将that宾语从句后置：I think it necessary that we take plenty of boiled water every day．(2)hate，like，take，owe，have，take for granted等表示“喜欢；痛恨；认为”的动词或动词短语和see to表示“注意，留意”后有宾语补足语时，需要用it作形式宾语而将宾语从句后置：I hate it when they talk with their mouth full of food．

(3)介词后的宾语从句：She is always thinking of how she can do more for others．

(4)宾语从句的否定转移。将think，believe，suppose，expect，fancy，imagine等动词后面宾语从句的否定词转移到主句中，即主句的谓语动词用否定式，而从句的谓语动词用肯定式。

①I don’t think I know you．②I don’t believe he will come．

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