助动词

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2)be + 过去分词,构成被动语态。如:
The window was broken by Tom.
窗户是汤姆打碎的。 English is taught throughout the world. 世界各地都教英语。
3)be + 动词不定式,可表示下列内容:
a. 表示最近、未来的计划或安排。如:
短语助动词
由一个助动词和另一个或两个词组组成。
如:have (got) to, had better, would
sooner/rather(…than), be to, be likely
to, be supposed to, ought to, used to, b
about to ,be able to, etc.
used to表示“过去一直”或“过去经 常”。
1. Jack’s ill,so they ______ change their
plans.
A. must B. should
C. have got to
football match.
D. ought to
2. If it is fine tomorrow, we ______ a A. have B. will have C. has D. shall has
英语课件
牛津版 高二 模块七 Unit 3
Unit 3 The world online
Grammar
Auxiliary verbs (助动词)
Aspirin was invented in 1897.
You do know a lot about the Internet. He didn’t find any useful information on the Internet.
助动词的主要作用
a. 表示时态。如: He is singing. 他在唱歌。 He has got married. 他已结婚。 b. 表示语态。如: He was sent to England. 他被派往英国。
c. 构成疑问句。如: Do you like college life? 你喜欢大学生活吗? Did you study English before you came here? 你来这儿之前学过英语吗? d. 与否定副词not合用,构成否定句。 如: I don't like him. 我不喜欢他。
助动词do 的用法: 1)构成一般疑问句。如: Do you want to pass the CET? 你想通过大学英语测试吗? 2)do + not 构成否定句。如: He doesn't like to study. 他不想学习。 In the past, many students did not know the importance of English. 过去,好多学生不知道英语的重要性。
试比较: He shall come. 他必须来。 (shall有命令的意味。) He will come.
他要来。
(will只与动词原形构成一般将来时。)
助动词should, would的用法: 1)should无词义,是shall的过去式,与 动词原形构成过去将来时,只用于第一人 称。如: I telephoned him yesterday to ask what I should do next week. 我昨天给他打电话,问他我下周干什么。 比较: "What shall I do next week?"I asked. "我下周干什么?"我问道。(可以说, shall变成间接引语时,变成了should。)
助动词have的用法: 1)have +过去分词,构成完成时态。如: He has left for London.
他已去了伦敦。
By the end of last month, they had
finished half of their work.
上月未为止,他们已经完成工作的一半。
2)have + been +现在分词,构成完成 进行时。如: I have been studying English for ten years. 我一直在学英语,已达十年之久。 3)have + been +过去分词,构成完成 式被动语态。如: English has been taught in China for many years. 中国教英语已经多年。
C. didn’t/had D. don’t/have
5. No sooner ______ he arrived home than he ______ to start on another journey. A. has/was asked B. have/were asked C. had/is asked D. had/was asked 6. “______ you give me a room for the night?” I asked on arriving at the hotel. A. Should B. Can C. Might D. May
A. to be fed
C. to being fed
B. to feed
D. to have been fed
3. In the past 30 years China ______ great advances in the socialist revolution and socialist construction. A. has made B. have made C. had made D. having made 4. I ______ go to bed until I ______ finished my work. A. don’t/had B. didn’t/have
C. won’t co-operate
D. didn’t co-operate
9. No one ______ that to his face.
A. dares say C. dare say B. dares saying D. dare to say
10. The elephants ought ______ hours ago by the keepers.
5)用于倒装句,例如: Never did I hear of such a thing. 我从未听说过这样的事情。 Only when we begin our college life do we realize the importance of English. 只有在开始大学生活时我们才认识到英 语的重要性。 说明:引导此类倒装句的副词有never, seldom, rarely, little, only, so, well等。
2)would也无词义,是will的过去式, 与动词原形构成过去将来时,用于第二、 第三人称。如: He said he would come.他说他要来。 比较: "I will go," he said. 他说:"我要去那儿。" 变成间接引语就成了: He said he would come. 原来的will变成would,go变成了come。
e. 加强语气。如: Do come to the party tomorrow evening. 明天晚上一定来参加晚会。
He did know that.
他的确知道那件事。
最常用的助动词有:be, have, do, shall, will, should, would。 助动词be的用法: 1)be +现在分词,构成进行时态。如: They are having a meeting. 他们正在开会。 English is becoming more and more important. 英语现在越来越重要。
shall和will作为助动词可以与动词原 形一起构成一般将来时,例如: I shall study harder at English. 我将更加努力地学习英语。
He will go to Shanghai.
他要去上海。
说明: 在过去的语法中,语法学家说 shall用于第一人称,will 只用于第二、 第三人称。现在,尤其是在口语中, will常用于第一人称,但shall只用于第 一人称,如用于第二、第三人称,就 失去助动词的意义,已变为情态动词。
什么是助动词?
协助主要动词构成谓语动词词组的词叫助 动词(Auxiliary Verb)。被协助的动词称ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ作主要动词(Main Verb)。 助动词自身没有词义,不可单独使用。如: He doesn't like English.他不喜欢英语。 (doesn't是助动词,无词义;like是主要动词, 有词义)
7. He was a good runner so he ______ escape from the police. A. might B. succeeded to
C. would D. was able to
8. If they ______, our plan will fall flat. A. are co-operating B. had not co-operated
6)用作代动词,例如:
— Do you like Beijing?
你喜欢北京吗?
— Yes, I do. 是的,喜欢。 (do用作代动词,代替like Beijing.) He knows how to drive a car, doesn't he?
他知道如何开车,对吧?
助动词shall和will的用法:
He is to go to New York next week.
他下周要去纽约。
We are to teach the fresh persons.
我们要教新生。 说明:这种用法也可以说成是一种 将来时态表达法。
b. 表示命令。如: You are to explain this. 对此你要做出解释。 c.征求意见。如: How am I to answer him? 我该怎样答复他? d. 表示相约、商定。如: We are to meet at the school gate at seven tomorrow morning. 我们明天早晨7点在校门口集合。
have (got) to 表示“得做某事”,或提 出建议,其否定形式not have to意为 “不必”。
would rather/sooner(…than)的意思是 “宁愿”。 be to表示未来的打算和安排,或用于正 式的指示和命令。
be likely的意思是某事有可能发生活 可能是真的。 be supposed to用来表示“被期望”或 “应该”。其否定形式be not supposed to用来表示“不允许”。
3)构成否定祈使句。如: Don't be so absent-minded. 不要这么心不在焉。 说明: 构成否定祈使句只用do,不用 did和does。 4)放在动词原形前,加强该动词的语 气。如: Do come to my birthday party. 一定来参加我的生日宴会。 I did go there.我确实去那儿了。
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