躯体形式障碍及分离转换性障碍英文
躯体形式障碍及分离障碍ppt课件
新增躯体症状障碍
DSM-5更好地认识到精神病学与医学之间的复杂性。 拥有躯体症状的个体，加上异常的思维，情感和行 为可以有或者没有一个既已诊断的躯体疾病。
躯体症状与精神病理之间存在一个连续谱，而 DSM-4 人为地限定躯体化障碍诊断需要高数量的躯 体症状并不适合这个谱系。躯体化障碍的诊断基本 上依赖于长期的而且复杂的对于医学难以解释的躯 体症状的计数。
最常见的是：
胃肠道不适（如疼痛、打嗝、返酸、呕吐、恶心等） 异常的皮肤感觉（如瘙痒、烧灼感、刺痛、麻木感、 酸痛等） 泌尿生殖症状 呼吸循环系症状 常存在明显的抑郁和焦虑 （2组6项）
未发现任何恰当的躯体疾病来解释上述症状 慢性波动性病程，并伴有社会、人际及家庭行
为方面长期存在的严重障碍，很少能够完全缓 解。 女性远多于男性，多在成年早期发病 病程≥2年
病因与发病机制
（一）心理社会因素 幼时受到父母过度的照顾，儿童期患病经
历、创伤、长期与慢性疾病患者共同生活、 生活中存在的现实冲突等因素，可能是易 患因素。继发性获益可能是另一个重要因 素。 社会文化环境 “神经质”的个性
生物学因素 可有家族聚集性 患者可能存在脑干网状结构滤过功能失调
躯体症状及其他相关障碍
DSM-4躯体症状相关问题（两章内容） 躯体形式障碍 躯体化障碍
DSM-5躯体症状及其他相关障碍 躯体症状障碍
人为障碍
未分化型躯体障碍
躯体症状及相关障碍
转换障碍
转换障碍（功能神经性症状障碍）
疼痛障碍
疑病障碍
疾病焦虑障碍
躯体变形障碍
其他未注明的躯体障碍
主要为心理病症及症状
心理因素影响的其他医学状况
临床表现（教科书）
（一）临床特点 1．症状复杂、多样、未能找到明确的器 质性依据 2．反复检查和治疗、疗效不好、影响医 患关系
神经病学精神病学—临床医学
《神经病学》《精神病学》理论课程教学大纲一、课程基本信息课程名称：神经病学和精神病学英文名称：Neurology and Psychiatry课程编码: YXZB4150课程类别：专业必修总学时: 54总学分: 2适用专业：临床医学专业先修课程：基础医学内科学开课院系:医学院二、课程的性质和任务神经病学是一门临床二级学科，也是神经科学中的一门临床分支，内容比较繁多，理论比较深奥，需要反复实践。
神经病学是研究神经系统及骨骼肌疾病的病因及发病机制、病理、临床表现、诊断和鉴别诊断、治疗及预防的临床学科。
在神经病学领域中，就神经系统疾病和肌肉疾病而言，前者占据主要内容。
神经系统疾病常见症状包括：意识障碍、精神障碍、认知障碍、言语障碍、运动障碍、感觉障碍、平衡障碍、反射和植物神经功能障碍等多种表现。
神经系统疾病的种类包括：血管性疾病、感染性疾病、变性疾病、外伤、肿瘤、脱髓鞘性疾病、自身免疫性疾病、代谢和营养障碍性疾病、中毒、遗传性和先天发育异常、发作性疾病等。
随着相关学科如神经生物学、分子生物学和神经影像学的发展，神经病学的广义和狭义内容已经今非昔比，神经病学在不断取得新进展的同时，展示出从未有过的发展前景，已经成为医学科学中令人关注的热点学科。
《神经病学》是临床医学的专业必修课程。
本学科的教学应用现代医学科学的最新成就，结合神经解剖学、神经生理病理学基础知识，系统地阐述本学科的基础理论、基本知识和基本技能，以及神经系统常见病与多发病的诊断与防治知识。
学习神经病学的目的是掌握采集病史和神经系统检查法；学习神经病的诊断原则和方法；掌握神经系统的常见病、多发病、急重病的防治原则和措施。
学习方法上应充分利用现代科学手段，结合神经系统主要解剖生理和病理，联系症状学和临床实际，采取综合分析和整体观点，逐步提高临床技能。
神经病学的实践中要重点掌握病史采集、神经系统检查、神经科基本操作，掌握常见疾病的诊治要点，掌握危重病的抢救，了解辅助检查的方法和意义，熟悉定位和定性诊断，打下良好的临床实践基础。
躯体形式障碍及分离转换性障碍
精神病学
云南省第一人民医院 陈壮飞
• 一种以持久地担心或相信各种躯体症状的优 势观念为特征的精神障碍
• 病人因这些症状反复就医，各种医学检查未 发现异常，医生的反复解释仍不能打消其疑 虑
• 即使有躯体疾病，也不能解释所诉症状的性 质、程度，或其痛苦与优势观念
• 经常伴有焦虑或抑郁情绪，病人常否认心理 因素的存在
– 未发现恰当的躯体疾病来解释上述症状 – 慢性波动性病程，并伴有社会、人际及
家庭行为方面长期存在的严重障碍，很 少能够完全缓解
– 女性远多于男性，多在成年早期发病 – 病程≥2年
Clinical Features
消化道症状
恶心 腹胀 腹泻
呼吸循环症状
胸闷 呼吸困难 胸痛 心慌
泌尿生殖系统症状
尿频 月经紊乱 性功能障碍
异常的皮肤感觉
痒、烧灼感 刺痛 酸痛 麻木感
• 未分化躯体形式障碍（undifferentiated
somatoform disorder）
– 病程在半年以上，但不足2年
– 临床表现符合躯体化障碍或者不典 型，均应诊断本型
• 疑病障碍（hypochondriasis）
• 病程多为慢性波动性病程
• 躯体化(somatization)障碍 • 未分化的躯体形式障碍 • 疑病障碍 • 躯体形式的植物神经功能紊乱 • 持续的躯体形式的疼痛障碍 • 其它躯体形式障碍
躯体化障碍
躯体形式的 疼痛障碍
疑病障碍
躯体形式的植物 神经功能紊乱
未分化躯体 形式障碍
流行病学情况
• 躯体化障碍
– 可采用暗示性技术、催眠疗法、支 持性心理疗法、行为治疗、家庭治 疗、电刺激等
精神病学PPT课件：躯体症状障碍及分离障碍
假装身边的人患病（通常是儿童），85% 为受害者母亲，多受过良好的教育，并往往 有医疗从业史或自身有很丰富的疾病体验史等，虚构者的目的仅仅是为了引起他人对 自己的关注。甚至通过各种手段制造症状，包括投毒、窒息、饥饿及引发感染，甚至 对儿童施加伤害，且儿童预后不佳，病死率达 6%～10%，预后不佳及死亡多由于过 度检查及治疗所致。
躯体症状障碍及分离障碍
Somatic Symptoms Disorder or Dissociative Disorder
Somatic Symptom Disorder
1
躯体症状障碍
躯体形式障碍
Somatoform Disorder
一类持久地担心或相信各种躯体症状 的优势观念为特征的神经症性障碍。 ●符合神经症的共同特征 ●以躯体症状为主要表现，并对其过
做 作代 性理 障人 碍
①缺乏合理解释的持续或反复的疾病状态，且疾病的所有描述均来自监护人； ②受害者被迫长期奔波于各级医院就诊； ③虚构者无法提供受害者的病因，对受害者的疾病并不担心，反而很注重医师的感受； ④隔离虚构者与受害者后，后者的症状和体征迅速缓解或消失。
做作性障碍的鉴别诊断
诈病：不是为了获取经济或权利利益 躯体症状障碍：明知道自己或他人没病， 故意装病或制造疾病
皮肤感觉
瘙痒、刺痛 烧灼、麻木 酸痛、异物
疾 病 焦 虑 障 碍
Illness Anxiety disorder
一类以持久地担心或相信自己患有某种严重疾病的优势观念为特 征的精神障碍。患者无相应的躯体症状或仅有轻微症状，对疾病 和健康的关注程度不适当的、过分的。患者可四处求医，但是对 阴性的医学检查和解释均怀疑，反复在各大医院就诊，被称为 “医生杀手”、“高医疗资源消费者”。部分患者回避求医，认 为医学检查不出自己的疾病。
精神病学英语词汇
精神病学英语词汇器质性精神障碍Organic mental disorders阿尔茨海默（Alzheimer）病Mental disorders due to Alzheimer is disease阿尔茨海默病，老年前期型Mental disorders due to Alzheimer is disease with early onset阿尔茨海默病，老年型Mental disorders due to Alzheimer is disease with alte onset阿尔茨海默病，非典型或混合型Mental disorders due to Alzheimer is disease, atypical ro mixed type其他或待分类的阿尔茨海默病Mental disorders due to other type of Alzheimer is disease, or unspecified脑血管病所致精神障碍Mental disorders due to vascular disease急性脑血管病所致精神障碍Mental disorders due to vascular disease of acute onset皮层性血管病所致精神障碍Mental disorders due to cortical vascular disease皮层下血管病所致精神障碍Mental disorders due to subcortical vascular disease皮层和皮层下血管病所致精神障碍Mental disorders due to mixedcortical subcortical vascular disease其他或待分类血管病所致精神障碍Mental disorders due to other vascular disease, or unspecified其他脑部疾病所致精神障碍Mental disorders due to other braindiseases 脑变性病所致精神障碍Mental disorders due to brain degeneration 匹克（Pick）病所致精神障碍Mental disorders due to Pick is diseasf享廷顿（Huntington）病所致精神障碍Mental disorders due to Huntington is disease帕金森（Parkinson）病所致精神障碍[Mental disorders due to Parkinson is disease肝豆状核变性（Wilson病）所致精神障碍Mental disorders due to hepatolenticular degeneration（Wilson is disease）颅内感染所致精神障碍Mental disorders due to intracranial infection急性病毒性脑炎所致精神障碍Mental disorders due to acute virus encephalitis克—雅病所致精神障碍Mental disorders due to Creutzfeldt-Jacob disease脑炎后综合征Postencephalitic syndrome急性播散性脑脊髓炎和急性出血性白质脑炎所致精神障碍Mentaldisorders due to acute disseminateclencephalomyelitis and acute hemorrhagic leucoencephalitis多发性硬化所致精神障碍Mental disorders due to multiple sclerosis脑外伤所致精神障碍Mental disorders due to brain damage脑震荡后综合征Mental disorders due to brain concussion脑挫裂伤后综合征Mental disorders due to brain contusion脑瘤所致精神障碍Mental disorders due to brain tumor癫痫所致精神障碍Mental disorders due to epilepsy以上未分类的其他脑部疾病所致精神障碍Mental disorders due to other specifide diseases classifide dlsewhere躯体疾病所致精神障碍Mental disorders due to physical diseases躯体感染所致精神障碍Mental disorders due to physical infection人类免疫缺陷病毒所致精神障碍Mental disorders due to human immunodeficiency virus（HIV）内脏器官疾病所致精神障碍Mental disorders due to visceral organdisease内分泌疾病所致精神障碍Mental disorders due to endocrine disease营养代谢疾病所致精神障碍Mental disorders due to nutritional and metabolic disease结缔组织疾病所致精神障碍Mental disorders due to disease of connective tissue系统性红斑狼疮所致精神障碍Mental disorders due to systemic lupus erythematosus（SLE）染色体异常所致精神障碍Mental disorders due to chromosomal abnormality物理因素所致精神障碍Mental disorders due to physical factors以上未分类的其他躯体疾病所致精神障碍Mental disorders due to other diseases,or unspecifide围生期精神障碍Puerperal mental disorder其他或待分类器质性精神Organic mental disorders due to other diseases,or unspecified器质性智能损害（痴呆）Organic intellectual deficiency（dementia）器质性遗忘Organic amnesic syndrime器质性人格改变、习惯与冲动改变、性心理改变Organic personality change, habit and impulse change, psychosexual change器质性意识障碍（如谵妄）Organic consciousness disorders （e.g, delirium）器质性精神病性症状Organic psychotic symptoms器质性情感障碍Organic mood disorders器质性癔症样综合征Organic hysteria-like syndrome器质性神经症样综合征Organic neurosis-like syndrome精神活性物质所致精神障碍或非成瘾物质所致精神障碍Mental disorders due psychoactive substances or non-addictive substances精神活性物质所致精神障碍Mental disorders due to use of psychoactive substances酒精所致精神障碍Mental disorders due to use of alcohol阿片类物质所致精神障碍Mental disorders due to use of opioids大麻类物质所致精神障碍Mental disorders due to use of cannabinoids镇静催眠药或抗焦虑药所致精神障碍Mental disorders due to use of sedatives or hypnotics兴奋剂所致精神障碍Mental disorders due to use of stimulants致幻剂所致精神障碍Mental disorders due to use of hallucinogens 烟草所致精神障碍Mental disorders due to use of tobacco挥发性溶剂所致精神障碍Mental disorders due to use of volative solvents其他或待分类的精神活性物质所致精神障碍Mental disorders due to other psychoactive substances,or unspecifide急性中毒Acute intoxication有害使用Harmful use依赖综合征医.学教.育网搜.集整理（成瘾综合征）Dependencd （addictive）syndrome戒断综合征Withdrawal syndrome精神病性障碍Psychotc disorders智能损害（痴呆）Intellectual deficiency （dementia）遗忘综合征Amnesic syndrome残留性或迟发性精神障碍Residual and late-onset mental disorder意识障碍（如谵妄、昏迷）Predominant disturbance of vonsciousness （e.g. delirium, coma）幻觉症Hallucinosis妄想症Delusionosis抑郁综合征Depressive syndrome躁狂综合征Manic syndrome病理性中毒Pathological intoxication病理性重现（闪回）Flashbacks非成瘾物质所致精神障碍Mental disorders due to non-addictive substances非成瘾药物所致精神障碍Mental disorders due to non-addictive drugs一氧化碳所致精神障碍Mental disorders due to carbon monoxide有机化合物所致精神障碍Mental disorders due to organic compound重金属所致精神障碍Mental disorders due to heavy metals食物所致精神障碍Mental disorders due to foods其他或待分类的非成瘾物质所致精神障碍Mental disorders due to other non-addictive substances, or unspecified精神分裂症（分裂症）和其他精神病性障碍Schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders精神分裂症（分裂症）Schizophrenia偏执型分裂症Paranoid schizophrenia青春型（瓦解型）分裂症Hebephrenic schizophrenia紧张型分裂症Catatonic schizophrenia单纯型分裂症Simple schizophrenia未定型分裂症Undifferentiated schizophrenia其他型或待分类的精神分裂症Other type or unspecified schizophrenia精神分裂症后抑郁Post-schizophrenic depression精神分裂症缓解期Remitted schizophrenia精神分裂症残留期Residual schizophrenia慢性精神分裂症Chronic schizophrenia精神分裂症衰退期Deteriorated schizophrenia偏执性精神障碍Paranoid mental disorders急性短暂性精神病Acute and transient psychosis分裂样精神病Schizophrenia-like psychosis旅途性精神病Travelling psychosis妄想阵发（急性妄想发作）Delusional episodes其他或待分类的急性短暂精神病Other or unspecified acute and transient psychosis感应性精神病Induced psychosis分裂情感性精神病Schizoaffective psychosis分裂情感性精神病，躁狂型Schiaoaffective psychosis , manic type分裂情感性精神病，抑郁型Schizoaffective psychosis, depressive type分裂情感性精神病，混合型Schizoaffective psychosis, mixed type其他或待分类的精神病性障碍Other or unspecified psychotic disorders周期性精神病Periodic psychosis心境障碍（情感性精神障碍）Mood disorders（Affective disorders）躁狂发作Manic episode轻性躁狂症医学教.育网搜集（轻躁狂）Hypomania无精神病性症状的躁狂症Mania without psychotic symptoms有精神病性症状的躁狂症Mania with psychotic symptoms复发性躁狂Recurrent mania复发性躁狂症，目前为轻躁狂Recurent mania, current episode hypomanic复发性躁狂症，目前为无精神病性症状的躁狂Recurrent mania, current episode manic without psychotic symptoms复发性躁狂症，目前为有精神病性症状的躁狂Recurrent mania, current episode manic with psychotic symptoms其他或待分类的躁狂Other or unspecifided manic episode双相障碍Bipolar disorder双相障碍，目前为轻躁狂Bipolar disorder, current episode hypomanic双相障碍，目前为无精神病性症状的躁狂Bipolar disorder, current episode manic without psychotic symptoms双相障碍，目前为有精神病性症状的躁狂Bipolar disorder, current episode manic with psychotic symptoms双相障碍，目前为轻抑郁Bipolar disorder, currdnt episode mild depression双相障碍，目前为无精神病性症状的抑郁Bipolar disorder, currdnt episode depression without psychotic symptoms双相障碍，目前为有精神病性症状的抑郁Bipolar disorder, currdnt episode depression with psychotic symptoms双相障碍，目前为混合性发作Bipolar disorder, currdnt episode mixed其他或待分类的双相障碍Other or unspecified bipolar disorders双相障碍，目前为快速循环发作Bipolar disorder, currdnt episode fast cycling抑郁发作Depressive episode轻性抑郁症（轻抑郁）Mild depression无精神病性症状的抑郁症Depression without psychotic symptoms有精神病性症状的抑郁症Depression with psychotic symptoms复发性抑郁症Recurrent depression复发性抑郁症，目前为轻抑郁Recurrent depression,current episode mild depressive复发性抑郁症，目前为无精神病性症状的抑郁Recurrent disorder,current episode depressive without psychotic symptoms有精神病性症状的抑郁Recurrent depressive disorder,current episode depressive with psychotic symptoms复发性抑郁症，目前为其他或待分类的抑郁症Other or unspecifide depression持续性心境障碍Persistent mood disorder环性心境障碍Cyclothymia恶劣心境Dysthymia其他或待分类的持续性心境障碍Other or unspecifide persistent mood disorders其他或待分类的心境障碍Other or unspecified mood disorders意识障碍（如谵妄）Disturbance of consciousness （e.g.delirium）伴躯体症状With somatic symptoms慢性Chronic缓解期In remission癔症、应激相关障碍、神经症Hysteria ,Stress-relateddisorders,Neurosis癔症Hysteria癔症性精神障碍Hysterical psychological disorders癔症性遗忘Hysterical amnesia癔症性漫游Hysterical fugue癔症性身份识别障碍Hysterical identity disorder癔症性精神病Hysterical psychosis癔症性附体障碍Hysterical possession disorders癔症性木僵Hysterical stupor癔症性躯体障碍Hysterical somatic disorders癔症性运动障碍Hysterical motor disorders癔症性抽搐发作Hysterical convulsions癔症性感觉障碍Hysterical sensory disorders混合性癔症躯体—精神障碍Mixed hysterical somatic-psychological disorders其他或待分类癔症Other or unspecified hysteriaGanser综合征Ganser is syndrome见于童年和青少年的短暂的癔症性障碍Transient hysterical disorders occurring in childhood and adolescence应激相关障碍Stress-related disorders急性应激障碍Acute stress disorders急性应激性精神病（急性反应性精神病）Acute stress psychosis（acute reactive psychosis）创伤后应激障碍Post-traumatic stress disorders适应障碍Adjustment disorders短期抑郁反应Brief depressive reaction中期抑郁反应Subprolonged depressive reaction长期抑郁反应Prolonged depressive reaction其他恶劣情绪为主的适应障碍Adjustment disorders with disturbance of other emotions混合性焦虑抑郁反应Mixed anxiety and depressive reaction品行障碍为主的适应障碍Adjustment disorders with predominant disturbance of conduct心境和品行混合性障碍为主的适应障碍Adjustment disorders with mixed disturbance of emotionsand conduct其他或待分类的应激相关障碍Other or unspecified stress-related disorders与文化相关的精神障碍Mental disorders related to culture气功所致精神障碍Mental disorders due to qigong巫术所致精神障碍Mental disorders due to qitchcraft恐缩症Koro其他或待分类的与文化相关的精神障碍Other or unspecified mental disorders related to culture神经症Neurosis恐惧症（恐怖症）Phobia场所恐惧症Agoraphobia社交恐惧症（社交焦虑症）Social phobia特定的恐惧症Specific phobias焦虑症Anxiety disorder惊恐障碍Panic disorder广泛性焦虑Generalized anxiety disorder强迫症Obsession躯体形式障碍Somatoform disorders躯体化障碍Somatization disorder未分化躯体形式障碍Undifferentiated somatoform disorders疑病症Hypochondriasis躯体形式植物神经紊乱Somatoform autonomic dysfunction心血管系统功能紊乱Heart and cardiovascular system dysfunction高位胃肠道功能紊乱Upper gastrointestinal tract dysfunction低位胃肠道功能紊乱Lower gastrointestinal tract dysfunction呼吸系统功能紊乱Respiratory sstem dysfunction泌尿生殖系统功能紊乱Genitourinary system dysfunction持续性躯体形式疼痛障碍Persistent somatoform pain disorder其他或待分类躯体形式障碍Other or unspecified somatoform disorders神经衰弱Neurasthenia [F48.0]其他或待分类的神经症Other or unspecified neruosis心理因素相关生理障碍Physiological disorders related to psychological factords进食障碍Eating disorders神经性厌食Anorexia nervosa神经性贪食Bulimia nervosa神经性呕吐Psychogenia nervosa其他或待分类非器质性进食障碍Other or unspecified nonorganic eating disorder非器质性睡眠障碍Nonorganic sleep disorders失眠症Insomnia嗜睡症Hypersomnia睡眠—觉醒节律障碍Disorder of the sleep-wake schedule睡行症Sleepwalking/somnambulism夜惊Night terrors梦魇Nightmares其他或待分类非器质性睡眠障碍Other or unspecified nonorganic sleep disorders非器质性性功能障碍Nonorganic sexual dysfunction性欲减退Lack or loss of sexual desire阳痿Impotence冷阴Failure of femalegenital response性乐高潮障碍Orgasmic dysfunction早泄Premature ejaculation阴道痉挛Vaginismus性交疼痛Dyspareunia其他或待分类性功能障碍Other or unspecified sexual dysfunction人格障碍、习惯和冲动控制障碍、性心理障碍Personality disorders, Habit and impulse disorders, Psychosexual disorders人格障碍Personality disorders偏执性人格障碍Paranoid personality disorder分裂样人格障碍Cchizoid personality disorder反社会性人格障碍Dissocial personality disorder冲动性人格障碍（攻击性人格障碍）Impulsive personality disorder表演性（癔症性）人格障碍Histrionic （hysterical ）personality disorder强迫性人格障碍Anankastic personality disorder焦虑性人格障碍Anxious personality disorder依赖性人格障碍Dependent personality disorder其他或待分类的人格障碍Other or unspecified personality disorder 习惯与冲动控制障碍Habit and impulse disorders病理性赌博Pathological gambling病理性纵火Pathological fire-setting病理性偷窃Pathological stealing拔毛症（病理性拔毛发）Trichotillomania其他或未特定的习惯和冲动障碍Other or unspecified habit snd impulse disorders性心理障碍（性变态）Psychosexual disorders性身份障碍Gerder identity disorders易性症Transsexualism其他或待分类的性身份障碍Other or unspecified gender identity disorders性偏好障碍Disorders of sexual preference恋物症Fetishism异装症Fetishistic transvestism露阴症Exhibitionism窥阴症Voyeurism磨擦症Frotteurism性施虐与性受虐症Sadomasochism混合型性偏好障碍Mixed disorders of sexual perference其他或待分类的性偏好障碍Other or unspecified disorders of sexual preference性指向障碍Sexual orientation disorders同性恋Homosexuality双性恋Bisexuality其他或待分类的性指向障碍Other or unspecified sexual indirection disorders精神发育迟滞与童年和少年期心理发育障碍Mental retardation, and disorders ofpsychological development with onset usually occurring in childhood andadolescence精神发育迟滞Mental retardation轻度精神发育迟滞Mild mental retardation中度精神发育迟滞Moderate mental retardation重度精神发育迟滞Severe mental retardation极重度精神发育迟滞Profound mental retardation其他或待分类的精神发育迟滞Other or unspecified mental retardation无或轻微的行为障碍No or minimal impairment of behaviour显著的行为障碍，需要加以关注或治疗Significant impairment of behaviour requiring attention or treatment其他或待分类的行为障碍Other or unspecifide behavioural impaiment言语和语言发育障碍Developmental disorders of speech and language特定言语构音障碍Specific speech articulation disorder表达性语言障碍Expressive language disorder感受性语言障碍Receptive language disorder伴发癫痫的获得性失语（Landau-Kleffner综合征）Acquired aphasia with epilepsy（Landau-Kleffner syndrome）其他或待分类的言语和语言发育障碍Other or unspecified developmental disorders of speech and language特定学校技能发育障碍Specific developmental disorders of scholastic skills特定阅读障碍Specific reading disorder特定拼写障碍Specific spelling disorder特定计算技能障碍Specific disorder of arithmetical skills混合性学习技能障碍Mixed disorder of scholastic skills其他或待分类的特定学习技能发育障碍Other or unspecified developmental disorders of scholastic skills特定运动技能发育障碍Specific developmental disorder of motor skills混合性特定发育障碍Mixed specified developmental disorders广泛性发育障碍Pervasive developmental disorders儿童孤独症Childhood autism不典型孤独症Atypical autismRett综合征Rett is syndrome童年瓦解性精神障碍（Heller综合征）Childhood disintegrative disorder （Heller is syndrome ）Asperger综合征Asperger is syndrome其他或待分类的广泛性发育障碍Ogher or unspecified pervasive developmental disorders童年和少年期的多动障碍、品行障碍和情绪障碍Hyperkinetic, Conduct, and Emotional disorders with onset usually occurring in childhood and adolescence多动障碍Hyperkinetic disorders注意缺陷与多动障碍（儿童多动症）Attention dificit and hyperactivity disorder多动症合并品行障碍Hyperkinetic conduct disorder其他或待分类的多动障碍Other or unspecified hyperkinetic disorders品行障碍Conduct disorders [F91]反社会性品行障碍dissocial conduct disorder对立违抗性障碍Oppositional defiant disorder其他或待分类的品行障碍Other or unspecified conduct disorders品行与情绪混合障碍Mixed disorders of conduct and emotions特发于童年的情绪障碍Emotional disorders with onset specifie to childhood儿童分离性焦虑症Separation anxiety disorder of childhood儿童恐惧症（儿童恐怖症）Phobic anxiety disorder of childhood儿童社交恐惧症Social anxiety disorder of childhood其他或侍分类的童年情绪障碍Other or unspecified childhood emotional disorders儿童广泛焦虑症General anxiety with onset specific to childhood儿童社会功能障碍Disorders of social functioing wigh onset specific to childhood and adolescence选择性缄默症Elective autism儿童反应性依恋障碍Reactive attachment disorde of childhood其他或待分类的儿童社会功能障碍Other or unspecified cildhood disorders of social functioning抽动障碍Tic disorders短暂性抽动障碍（抽动症）Transient tic disorder慢性运动或发声抽动障碍Chronic motor or vocal tic disorderTourette综合征（发声与多种运动联合抽动障碍）Toruette is syndrome其他或待分类的抽动障碍Other or unspecified tic disorders其他童年和少年期行为障碍Other behavioral disorders with onset usually occurring in childhood and adolescence非器质性遗尿症Nonorganic enuresis非器质性遗粪症Nonorganic encopresis婴幼儿和童年喂食障碍Feeding disorder of infancy and childhood婴幼儿和童年异食障碍Pica of infancy and childhood刻板性运动障碍Stereotyped movement disorders口吃Stuttering其他或待分类的童年和少年期精神障碍Other or unspecifide mental disorders with onset usually occurring in childhood and adolescence其他精神障碍和心理卫生情况Other mental disorders and psychological health conditions待分类的精神病性障碍Unspecifide nonpsychotic disorder待分类的非精神病性精神障碍Unspecifide nonpsychotic disorder其他心理卫生情况Other psychological nonpsychotic disorder无精神病Without psychosis诈病Malingering自杀Suicie自杀死亡Complete suicide自杀未遂Incomplete suicide准自杀Parasuicide自伤Deliberate sdle-harm病理性激情Pathological emotional outbursts病理性半醒状态Pathological semi-awakening state其他或待分类的心理卫生情况Other or unspecified mental health conditions待分类的其他精神障碍Other mental disorders, unspecified。
躯体形式障碍及分离转换性障碍(英文)
神经症
张亚林
Zhang Ya-lin M.D & Ph.D
History 历史沿革
W.Cullen , 1769 H.Bernheim, 1884
S.Freud
The Modern View for Neuroses
五个共同特征
1. The stress is related to the onset of neuroses
广泛性焦虑症
Treatment
1. drugs 药物 2. relaxation training 放松训练
Obsessive-compulsive neurosis
强迫症
Clinical picture
1. obsessive thoughts 强迫观念 2. obsessive mood 强迫情绪 3. obsessive impulses & behavior
3. psychophysiological symptoms
心理生理症状: 失眠/疼痛/食欲/性欲
Treatment
1. drugs: valium 2. psychotherapyl picture 1. somatic disorder: 躯体障碍 motor disorder , sensory disorder 2. psychological disorder: 精神障碍 amnesia, fugue, identity disorder
教学相长《礼记﹒学记》
疑病症
Clinical picture pain---head, lower lumbar region worries about “medical students’ illness”
(整理)精神科高频英语词汇
精神科高频英语词汇总论精神病学psychiatry精神障碍mental disorder精神健康mental health医学心理学medical psychology生物-心理-社会医学模式bio-psycho-social medical model 行为医学behavior medicine心身医学psychosomatic medicine心身疾病psychosomatic diseases精神病理学psychopathology感觉sensation感觉障碍disorder of sensation感觉过敏hyperesthesia感觉减退hypoesthesia内感性不适（体感异常）senestopathia知觉perception知觉障碍disturbance of perception错觉illusion幻觉hallucination幻听auditory hallucination幻视visual hallucination幻嗅olfactory hallucination幻味gustatory hallucination幻触tactile hallucination内脏幻觉visceral hallucination真性幻觉genuine hallucination假性幻觉pseudo-hallucination机能性幻觉functional hallucination反射性幻觉reflex hallucination入睡前幻觉hypnagogic hallucination心因性幻觉psychogenic hallucination感知综合障碍psycho sensory disturbance 视物变形症metamorphopsia视物显大症macropsia视物显小症micropsia思维thinking思维障碍thinking disorder思维形式障碍disorder of the thinking form 思维奔逸flight of thought思维迟缓inhibition of thought思维贫乏poverty of thought思维散漫looseness of thought思维破裂splitting of thought词的杂拌word salad思危不连贯incoherence of thought病理性赘述circumstantiality思维中断blocking of thought思维插入thought insertion强制性思维forced thinking思维化声thought hearing思维扩散diffusion of thought思维被广播thought broadcasting象征性思维symbolic thinking词语新作neologism逻辑倒错性思维paralogism thinking强迫观念obsessive idea妄想delusion原发妄想primary delusion继发妄想secondary delusion被害妄想delusion of persecution关系妄想delusion of reference物理影响妄想delusion of physical influence 夸大妄想grandiose delusion罪恶妄想delusion of guilty疑病妄想hypochondriacal delusion钟情妄想delusion of love嫉妒妄想delusion of jealousy被洞悉感（内心被揭露感）experience of being revealed 超价观念overvalued idea注意attention注意障碍disorder of attention注意增强hyperprosexia注意涣散aprosexia注意减退hypoprosexia注意转移transference of attention注意狭窄narrowing of attention记忆memory记忆障碍disorder of memory记忆增强hypermnesia记忆减退hypomnesia遗忘amnesia顺行性遗忘anterograde amnesia逆行性遗忘retrograde amnesia界限性遗忘circumscribed amnesia错构paramnesia虚构confabulation智能intelligence精神发育迟滞mental retardation痴呆dementia假性痴呆pseudodementia刚塞综合症Ganser syndrome童样痴呆puerilism抑郁性假性痴呆depressive pseudodementia 定向力orientation定向障碍disorientation情感affect情绪emotion心境mood情感高涨elation情感低落depression焦虑anxiety恐惧phobia情感淡漠apathy易激惹性irritability情感不稳labile affect情感倒错parathymia意志will意志障碍disorder of will意志增强hyperbulia意志减弱hypobulia意志缺乏abulia犹豫不决hesitant精神运动性兴奋psychomotor excitement 精神运动性抑制psychomotor inhibition 木僵stupor蜡样屈曲cerea flexibility缄默症mutism违拗症negativism主动性违拗active negativism被动性违拗passive negativism刻板动作stereotyped act模仿动作echopraxia作态mannerism意识consciousness嗜睡drowsiness意识浑浊confusion昏睡sopor昏迷coma朦胧状态twilight state谵妄状态delirium梦样状态oneiroid state自知力insight面谈检查interview各论急性脑病综合症acute brain syndrome慢性脑病综合症chronic brain syndrome遗忘综合症amnesia syndrome柯萨可夫综合症Korsakov’s syndrome阿尔茨默病Alzheimer’s disease, AD早老性痴呆presenile dementia早发性痴呆dementia praecox老年斑senile plaque, SP神经元纤维缠结neurofibrillary tangles, NFT 血管性痴呆vascular dementia, VD多发性梗塞性痴呆multi-infarct dementia, MID 外伤性精神混乱状态post-traumatic confusional state 脑外伤后遗忘post-traumatic amnesia, PTA 脑震荡综合症post-concussional syndrome自动症epileptic automatisms神游症fugue精神分裂症schizophrenia妄想性障碍delusional disorder心境障碍mood disorder情感性精神障碍affective disorder双相障碍bipolar disorder躁狂抑郁性精神病manic depressive psychosis 意念飘忽flight of idea谵妄性躁狂delirious mania抑郁性假性痴呆depressive pseudodementia 环性心境障碍cyclothymia恶劣心境障碍disthymic disorder神经症neuroses意识consciousness前意识preconsciousness潜意识unconsciousness本我id自我ego超我superego惊恐发作panic attack焦虑症anxiety disorder恐惧症phobia抑郁depression强迫症状obsession and compulsion强迫观念obsessive idea强迫意向obsessive intention强迫行为compulsive behavior疑病症状hypochondriacal symptom疑病症hypochondriasis广泛性焦虑障碍generalized anxiety symptom惊恐障碍panic disorder场所恐惧症agoraphobia社交恐惧症social phobia单一恐惧症simple phobia躯体形式障碍somatoform disorders躯体化障碍somatization disorders慢性疲劳综合症chronic fatigue syndrome, CFS癔症hysteria应激stress良性应激eustress不良应激distress应激源stressor全身适应综合症general adaptation syndrome, GAS 创伤后应激障碍post-traumatic stress disorder, PTSD 适应障碍adjustment disorder心理因素相关障碍physiological disorder related topsychological factors进食障碍eating disorder神经性厌食anorexia nervosa神经性贪食bulimia nervosa失眠症insomnia嗜睡症hypersomnia睡行症sleep walking disorder夜惊sleep terror梦魇nightmare性功能障碍sexual dysfunctional性欲减退sexual hypoactivity阳萎impotence冷阴female failure of genital response 性乐高潮障碍orgasm disorder早泄premature ejaculation阴道痉挛vaginismus性交疼痛dyspareunia人格障碍personality disorder偏执性人格障碍paranoid personality disorder分裂性人格障碍schizoid personality disorder反社会性人格障碍antisocial personality disorder冲动性人格障碍impulsive personality disorder表演性人格障碍histrionic personality disorder强迫性人格障碍obsessive-compulsive personality disorder焦虑性人格障碍anxious personality disorder性心理障碍sexual deviatin易性症transsexualism恋物癖fetishism异装癖transvestism露阴癖exhibitionism窥阴癖voyeurism摩擦癖frotteurism性施虐癖sadism性受虐癖masochism同性恋homosexuality自杀suicide自杀意念suicide idea自杀未遂attempted suicide自杀死亡committed suicide类自杀parasuicide蓄意自伤deliberate self-harm自杀姿势suicide gesture危机干预crisis intervention精神发育迟滞mental retardation智商intelligence quotient, IQ儿童孤独症childhood autism注意缺陷与多动障碍attention deficit and hyperactive disorder, ADHD品行障碍conduct disorder抽动障碍tic disorder躯体治疗somatotherapy精神药物psychotropic drugs神经阻滞剂neuroleptics抗精神病药物antipsychotics抗抑郁药物antidepressants心境稳定剂mood stabilizers抗躁狂药物antimanic drugs抗焦虑药物anxiolytic drugs精神振奋药物psychostimulants脑代谢药物nootropic drugs急性肌张力障碍acute distonia静坐不能akathisia类帕金森症Parkinsonism迟发性运动障碍tardive dyskinesia, TD恶性综合症malignant syndrome电抽搐治疗electric convulsive therapy, ECT电休克治疗electrical shock therapy心理治疗psychotherapy个别治疗individual therapy夫妻治疗couple therapy家庭治疗family therapy集体治疗group therapy精神分析治疗psychoanalytic therapy心理动力学治疗psychodynamic therapy短程治疗brief therapy行为-认知治疗behavioral-cognitive therapy人本主义治疗humanistic therapy系统治疗systemic therapy依从性compliance安慰剂效应placebo effect治疗关系therapeutic relation 暗示suggestion。
心理名词中英文
心理名词中英文自控力受损(control impaired)自我排斥的性取向(F66.1)(egodystonic sexual orientation )姿态性自杀(parasuicide)姿势性模仿动作(gestural echopraxia)转换性运动障碍(F44.4)(dissociative motor disorders)转换性感觉缺失(F44.6)(dissociative anaesthesia)注意缺陷多动障碍(F90)(attention deficit hyperactivity disorder) 重度精神发育迟滞(F72)中度精神发育迟滞(F71)(moderate mental retardation)智商(intelligence quotient,IQ)致幻药(hallucinogen)致幻药(hallucinogen)职业治疗(occupational therapy)职业康复(vocational rehabilitation)镇静催眠药(sedative-hypnotic应激(stress应对能力(coping capacity)应对机制(coping mechanisms)婴儿孤独症(infantile autism)婴儿痴呆(dementia infantilis)隐匿性抑郁(masked depression)阴性症状(negative symptoms)意识混浊(clouded consciousness)意识错乱(confusion)易激惹(irritability) (易性症(F64.0)(transsexualism)抑郁性品行障碍(F92.0)(depressive conduct disorder)抑郁发作(F32)(depressive episode)抑郁(depression)疑病障碍(F45.3)(hypochondriacal disorder)睡眠呼吸暂停(sleep apnoea)双重角色易装癖(F64.1)(dual-role transvestism)双相情感障碍(F31)(bipolar affective disorder)衰弱性人格障碍(F60.7)(asthenic personality disorder)衰弱性人格(asthenic personality)适应障碍(F43.2)(adjustnent disorder)适应(adaptation)施虐受虐狂(F65.5)(sadomasochism)失语症(aphasia)失用症(apraxia)失音症(aphonia)失写症(agraphia)失认症(agnosia)失读症(alexia)神经症性人格(neurotic personality)神经症(neurosis)神经系统软体征(soft neurological signs)神经性厌食(F50.0)(anorexia nervosa)神经性贪食(F50.2)(bulimia nervosa)经衰弱(F48.0)(neurasthenia)身份障碍(F93.8)(identity disorder)反社会性(社交紊乱性)人格障碍(F60.2)(dissocial personalitydisorder)社交恐惧症(social phobia)社交焦虑障碍(F93.2)(social anxiety disorder)社会支持(social support)社会角色冲突(social role conflict)认知损害(cognitive impairment)认知(cognition) (人类免疫缺陷病(HIVD)痴呆(dementia in human immunodefic iency virus disease,DHIVD) 人类免疫缺陷病毒所致神经精神障碍(HIV-associated acute psychotic disorder)人格障碍(personality disorder)人格素质(characterological constitution)人格解体—现实解体综合征(F48.1)(depersonalization-derealization syndrome)人格解体(depersonalization)人格不成熟(immature personality) /人格(性格)(personality) (缺乏动机综合征(amotivational syndrome) (躯体形式障碍(F45)(somatoform disorder)躯体形式的自主神经功能失调(F45.3)(somatoform autonomic dysfunction)躯体化障碍(F45.0)(somatization disorder)情感性精神障碍(F30-F39)(affective disorder)情感性人格障碍(F34.0)(affective personality disorder)情感紊乱(affective disturbance)情感高涨人格(hyperthymic personality disorder)情感高涨(elation)情感不稳性人格障碍(F60.3)(emothionally unstable person ality disorder)情感不稳定(lability of affect) (情感不稳（脆弱）障碍，器质性(F06.6)(organic emotionally labile-asthenic disorder) (轻躁狂(F30.0)(hypomania)轻微脑功能失调(minimal brain dysfunction)轻度精神发育迟滞(F70)(mild mental retardation)青春型分裂症(F20.1)(hebephrenic schizophrenia)强迫性人格特点(anankastic features)强迫性人格障碍(F60.5)(anankastic personality disorder)强迫思维(F42.0)(obsessional thoughts)强迫动作(obsessive-compulsive behaviour)强迫动作(compulsive acts)牵连观念(ideas of reference)器质性遗忘(F04)(organic amnesic syndrome)复发性抑郁(F33)(recurrent depressive disorder)复发(relapse)服从自动症(command automatism)反社会性人格障碍(antisocial personality disorder) 分裂样人格障碍(schizoid personality disorder)分裂型人格障碍(F21)(schizotypal disorder) (分裂样精神病(F23.2)(schizophrenia-like psychosis) 分裂症性衰退(schizophrenic deterioration)分裂症遗传谱(genetic spectrum schizophrenia)分裂症(F20)(schizophrenia)催眠状态(hypnosis)。
躯体形式障碍及分离转换性障碍
4. 躯体形式的疼痛障碍诊断要点
突出的特点是患者有持续、严重、令人痛苦的 疼痛，不能用生理过程或躯体障碍完全加以解 释。情绪冲突或心理社会问题与疼痛的发生有 关。
（二）、鉴别诊断
躯体形式障碍 躯体 疾病
焦虑障碍
抑郁症 精神分裂症
分离性运动 和感觉障碍
五、治疗
躯体形式障碍病人的治疗比较困难，应采取综 合性治疗。 （一）治疗时应注意的问题 1．重视医患关系 2. 重视连续的医学评估 3. 重视心理和社会因素评估 4. 适当控制患者的要求和处理措施
植物神经功能紊乱的躯体化表现
（疲劳）
眼
喉
（异物感、干咳、 阻塞感） 心血管系统 （心悸、胸闷、头晕、 发冷、体位性低血压）
头（头痛、头重等） 耳（耳鸣等） 口 （口渴、味觉
异常等）
呼吸系统 （气喘、憋闷、气
消化系统
（恶心、腹胀、腹泻、胃部 不适等）
短等）
肌肉。关节
肩酸、疼痛等
皮
肤 手、腕 （麻木、疼、冷、热等） 泌尿系统
4.躯体形式的植物神经功能紊乱 （somatoform autonomic dysfunction）
患者有明确的自主神经兴奋的症状，如心悸、 出汗、颤抖、脸红等，这些症状令人烦恼； 常常主诉为部位不定的疼痛、烧灼感、沉重感 、紧束感、肿胀感
患者坚持这些症状归咎于某一特定的器官或系 统患了严重的疾病，并由此而感到痛苦； 但这些器官的结构和功能并无明显紊乱的证据 ，医生的反复保证和解释无济于事。
（二）药物治疗
病人对健康要求高，对躯体反应敏感，宜选用 不良反应小的药物，且以小剂量治疗为宜；
焦虑、抑郁症状明显者可予适量抗焦虑药物或
第七章 转换和分离障碍
变态心理学讲义河北大学杨志刚SynRhine@变态心理学讲义第七章躯体形式障碍和分离障碍（Somatoform and Dissociative Disorders）躯体形式及分离障碍一、概述二、躯体形式障碍(somatoform disorder)y疑病症（hypochondriasis）y躯体化障碍（somatization disorder）y转换性障碍（conversion disorder）y疼痛障碍（pain disorder）y身体畸形障碍（body dysmorphic disorder）三、分离障碍(dissociative disorder)y人格解体障碍（depersonalization disorder）y分离性遗忘（dissociative amnesia）y分离性漫游（dissociative fugue）y分离性身份障碍（dissociative identity disorder, DID）Breuer’s case of Anna O.anddisorder Abnormal psychology头痛，脖子和肢体麻痹，严重的咳嗽，吞咽和说话困难。
但没有可查的物理原因。
4概述癔症的历史y癔症(Hysteria)，亦译作歇斯底里y中世纪认为癔症是由于妖魔作怪、精灵附体.y18世纪认为癔症起源于神经系统和大脑的异常y19世纪末，夏柯()认为是中枢神经系统的生理障碍造成的，而弗洛伊德则认为癔症是无意识的动机冲突所致y自1980年，DSM－III取消了神经症(neurosis)这个疾病名称。
同时取消了“癔症”这个疾病单元，改为转换和分离障碍躯体形式障碍和分离性障碍的比较相似之处y都找不出真正的器质性损伤，只是在意识层面上存在障碍。
y两类障碍都模拟了真正的神经病性障碍的形式。
y两类障碍都可以看作是“神经症”。
差异y分离性障碍表现为高层次认知功能的障碍y转换性障碍表现的是感觉、运动功能的障碍。
英文医学术语-疾病(中英文对照)
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精Hale Waihona Puke 科精神科 精神科精神科 精神科 精神科
颅内感染所致精神障碍 脑外伤所致精神障碍 偏执性精神障碍 品行障碍 强迫症
bad surroundings attention deficient disorder separation anxiety diaorder pulmonary encephalopathy schizoaffective disorder psychonosema Caused by coronary artery disease extensive maldevelopment
Tic disorder Posttraumatic stress disorder mental disorders due to epilepsy Oppositional defiant disorder psychonosema caused by multiple cerebral infarction
躯体感染所致精神障碍
躯体疾病所致精神障碍 躯体形式障碍 人格障碍
人类免疫缺陷病毒性精神障碍 神经衰弱 神经性呕吐 神经性贪食症 神经性厌食
肾上腺皮质激素所致精神障碍 肾性脑病 失眠症 适应障碍 嗜睡症 双相障碍 睡眠-觉醒节律障碍
特定学校技能发育障碍 习惯与冲动控制障碍 性交疼痛 性偏好障碍 性身份障碍 性欲减退 性指向障碍 言语和语言发育障碍 阳痿
精神病英文名
阿尔茨海默（Alzheimer）病Mental disorders due to Alzheimer is disease匹克（Pick）病所致精神障碍Mental disorders due to Pick is diseasf享廷顿（Huntington）病所致精神障碍Mental disorders due to Huntington is disease帕金森（Parkinson）病所致精神障碍[Mental disorders due to Parkinson is disease肝豆状核变性（Wilson病）所致精神障碍Mental disorders due to hepatolenticular degeneration（Wilson is disease）颅内感染所致精神障碍Mental disorders due to intracranial infection急性病毒性脑炎所致精神障碍Mental disorders due to acute virus encephalitis克—雅病所致精神障碍Mental disorders due to Creutzfeldt-Jacob disease脑炎后综合征Postencephalitic syndrome躯体疾病所致精神障碍Mental disorders due to physical diseases躯体感染所致精神障碍Mental disorders due to physical infection人类免疫缺陷病毒所致精神障碍Mental disorders due to human immunodeficiency virus （HIV）内脏器官疾病所致精神障碍Mental disorders due to visceral organdisease内分泌疾病所致精神障碍Mental disorders due to endocrine disease营养代谢疾病所致精神障碍Mental disorders due to nutritional and metabolic disease结缔组织疾病所致精神障碍Mental disorders due to disease of connective tissue系统性红斑狼疮所致精神障碍Mental disorders due to systemic lupus erythematosus（SLE）染色体异常所致精神障碍Mental disorders due to chromosomal abnormality物理因素所致精神障碍Mental disorders due to physical factors以上未分类的其他躯体疾病所致精神障碍Mental disorders due to other diseases,or unspecifide围生期精神障碍Puerperal mental disorder其他或待分类器质性精神Organic mental disorders due to other diseases,or unspecified器质性智能损害（痴呆）Organic intellectual deficiency（dementia）器质性遗忘Organic amnesic syndrime器质性人格改变、习惯与冲动改变、性心理改变Organic personality change, habit and impulse change, psychosexual change器质性意识障碍（如谵妄）Organic consciousness disorders （e.g, delirium）器质性精神病性症状Organic psychotic symptoms器质性情感障碍Organic mood disorders器质性神经症样综合征Organic neurosis-like syndrome精神活性物质所致精神障碍或非成瘾物质所致精神障碍Mental disorders due psychoactive substances or non-addictive substances精神活性物质所致精神障碍Mental disorders due to use of psychoactive substances酒精所致精神障碍Mental disorders due to use of alcohol阿片类物质所致精神障碍Mental disorders due to use of opioids大麻类物质所致精神障碍Mental disorders due to use of cannabinoids镇静催眠药或抗焦虑药所致精神障碍Mental disorders due to use of sedatives or hypnotics兴奋剂所致精神障碍Mental disorders due to use of stimulants致幻剂所致精神障碍Mental disorders due to use of hallucinogens烟草所致精神障碍Mental disorders due to use of tobacco挥发性溶剂所致精神障碍Mental disorders due to use of volative solvents其他或待分类的精神活性物质所致精神障碍Mental disorders due to other psychoactive substances,or unspecifide急性中毒Acute intoxication有害使用Harmful use依赖综合征（成瘾综合征）Dependencd （addictive）syndrome戒断综合征Withdrawal syndrome精神病性障碍Psychotc disorders智能损害（痴呆）Intellectual deficiency （dementia）遗忘综合征Amnesic syndrome残留性或迟发性精神障碍Residual and late-onset mental disorder意识障碍（如谵妄、昏迷）Predominant disturbance of vonsciousness幻觉症Hallucinosis妄想症Delusionosis抑郁综合征Depressive syndrome躁狂综合征Manic syndrome病理性中毒Pathological intoxication病理性重现（闪回）Flashbacks非成瘾物质所致精神障碍Mental disorders due to non-addictive substances 非成瘾药物所致精神障碍Mental disorders due to non-addictive drugs一氧化碳所致精神障碍Mental disorders due to carbon monoxide有机化合物所致精神障碍Mental disorders due to organic compound重金属所致精神障碍Mental disorders due to heavy metals食物所致精神障碍Mental disorders due to foods其他或待分类的非成瘾物质所致精神障碍Mental disorders due to other non-addictive substances, or unspecified精神分裂症（分裂症）和其他精神病性障碍Schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders精神分裂症（分裂症）Schizophrenia偏执型分裂症Paranoid schizophrenia青春型（瓦解型）分裂症Hebephrenic schizophrenia紧张型分裂症Catatonic schizophrenia单纯型分裂症Simple schizophrenia未定型分裂症Undifferentiated schizophrenia其他型或待分类的精神分裂症Other type or unspecified schizophrenia精神分裂症后抑郁Post-schizophrenic depression精神分裂症缓解期Remitted schizophrenia精神分裂症残留期Residual schizophrenia慢性精神分裂症Chronic schizophrenia精神分裂症衰退期Deteriorated schizophrenia偏执性精神障碍Paranoid mental disorders急性短暂性精神病Acute and transient psychosis分裂样精神病Schizophrenia-like psychosis旅途性精神病Travelling psychosis妄想阵发（急性妄想发作）Delusional episodes其他或待分类的急性短暂精神病Other or unspecified acute and transient psychosis感应性精神病Induced psychosis分裂情感性精神病Schizoaffective psychosis分裂情感性精神病，躁狂型Schiaoaffective psychosis , manic type分裂情感性精神病，抑郁型Schizoaffective psychosis, depressive type分裂情感性精神病，混合型Schizoaffective psychosis, mixed type其他或待分类的精神病性障碍Other or unspecified psychotic disorders周期性精神病Periodic psychosis心境障碍（情感性精神障碍）Mood disorders（Affective disorders）躁狂发作Manic episode轻性躁狂症（轻躁狂）Hypomania无精神病性症状的躁狂症Mania without psychotic symptoms有精神病性症状的躁狂症Mania with psychotic symptoms复发性躁狂Recurrent mania复发性躁狂症，目前为轻躁狂Recurent mania, current episode hypomanic复发性躁狂症，目前为无精神病性症状的躁狂Recurrent mania, current episode manic without psychotic symptoms复发性躁狂症，目前为有精神病性症状的躁狂Recurrent mania, current episode manic with psychotic symptoms其他或待分类的躁狂Other or unspecifided manic episode抑郁发作Depressive episode轻性抑郁症（轻抑郁）Mild depression无精神病性症状的抑郁症Depression without psychotic symptoms有精神病性症状的抑郁症Depression with psychotic symptoms复发性抑郁症Recurrent depression复发性抑郁症，目前为轻抑郁Recurrent depression,current episode mild depressive复发性抑郁症，目前为无精神病性症状的抑郁Recurrent disorder,current episode depressive without psychotic symptoms有精神病性症状的抑郁Recurrent depressive disorder,current episode depressive with psychotic symptoms复发性抑郁症，目前为其他或待分类的抑郁症Other or unspecifide depression持续性心境障碍Persistent mood disorder环性心境障碍Cyclothymia恶劣心境Dysthymia其他或待分类的持续性心境障碍Other or unspecifide persistent mood disorders其他或待分类的心境障碍Other or unspecified mood disorders意识障碍（如谵妄）Disturbance of consciousness （e.g.delirium）伴躯体症状With somatic symptoms慢性Chronic缓解期In remission癔症、应激相关障碍、神经症Hysteria ,Stress-related disorders,Neurosis癔症Hysteria癔症性精神障碍Hysterical psychological disorders癔症性遗忘Hysterical amnesia癔症性漫游Hysterical fugue癔症性身份识别障碍Hysterical identity disorder癔症性精神病Hysterical psychosis癔症性附体障碍Hysterical possession disorders癔症性木僵Hysterical stupor癔症性躯体障碍Hysterical somatic disorders癔症性运动障碍Hysterical motor disorders癔症性抽搐发作Hysterical convulsions癔症性感觉障碍Hysterical sensory disorders综合征Ganser is syndrome应激相关障碍Stress-related disorders急性应激障碍Acute stress disorders急性应激性精神病（急性反应性精神病）Acute stress psychosis（acute reactive psychosis）创伤后应激障碍Post-traumatic stress disorders适应障碍Adjustment disorders短期抑郁反应Brief depressive reaction中期抑郁反应Subprolonged depressive reaction长期抑郁反应Prolonged depressive reaction其他恶劣情绪为主的适应障碍Adjustment disorders with disturbance of other emotions混合性焦虑抑郁反应Mixed anxiety and depressive reaction品行障碍为主的适应障碍Adjustment disorders with predominant disturbance of conduct心境和品行混合性障碍为主的适应障碍Adjustment disorders with mixed disturbance of emotionsand conduct其他或待分类的应激相关障碍Other or unspecified stress-related disorders与文化相关的精神障碍Mental disorders related to culture气功所致精神障碍Mental disorders due to qigong巫术所致精神障碍Mental disorders due to qitchcraft恐缩症Koro其他或待分类的与文化相关的精神障碍Other or unspecified mental disorders related to culture神经症Neurosis恐惧症（恐怖症）Phobia场所恐惧症Agoraphobia社交恐惧症（社交焦虑症）Social phobia特定的恐惧症Specific phobias焦虑症Anxiety disorder惊恐障碍Panic disorder广泛性焦虑Generalized anxiety disorder强迫症Obsession躯体形式障碍Somatoform disorders躯体化障碍Somatization disorder未分化躯体形式障碍Undifferentiated somatoform disorders疑病症Hypochondriasis躯体形式植物神经紊乱Somatoform autonomic dysfunction心血管系统功能紊乱Heart and cardiovascular system dysfunction高位胃肠道功能紊乱Upper gastrointestinal tract dysfunction低位胃肠道功能紊乱Lower gastrointestinal tract dysfunction呼吸系统功能紊乱Respiratory sstem dysfunction泌尿生殖系统功能紊乱Genitourinary system dysfunction持续性躯体形式疼痛障碍Persistent somatoform pain disorder其他或待分类躯体形式障碍Other or unspecified somatoform disorders神经衰弱Neurasthenia [F48.0]其他或待分类的神经症Other or unspecified neruosis心理因素相关生理障碍Physiological disorders related to psychological factords 进食障碍Eating disorders神经性厌食Anorexia nervosa神经性贪食Bulimia nervosa神经性呕吐Psychogenia nervosa非器质性睡眠障碍Nonorganic sleep disorders失眠症Insomnia嗜睡症Hypersomnia睡眠—觉醒节律障碍Disorder of the sleep-wake schedule睡行症Sleepwalking/somnambulism夜惊Night terrors梦魇Nightmares其他或待分类非器质性睡眠障碍Other or unspecified nonorganic sleep disorders 非器质性性功能障碍Nonorganic sexual dysfunction性欲减退Lack or loss of sexual desire阳痿Impotence冷阴Failure of femalegenital response性乐高潮障碍Orgasmic dysfunction早泄Premature ejaculation阴道痉挛Vaginismus性交疼痛Dyspareunia人格障碍、习惯和冲动控制障碍、性心理障碍Personality disorders, Habit and impulse disorders, Psychosexual disorders人格障碍Personality disorders偏执性人格障碍Paranoid personality disorder分裂样人格障碍Cchizoid personality disorder反社会性人格障碍Dissocial personality disorder冲动性人格障碍（攻击性人格障碍）Impulsive personality disorder表演性（癔症性）人格障碍Histrionic （hysterical ）personality disorder强迫性人格障碍Anankastic personality disorder焦虑性人格障碍Anxious personality disorder依赖性人格障碍Dependent personality disorder其他或待分类的人格障碍Other or unspecified personality disorder习惯与冲动控制障碍Habit and impulse disorders病理性赌博Pathological gambling病理性纵火Pathological fire-setting病理性偷窃Pathological stealing拔毛症（病理性拔毛发）Trichotillomania其他或未特定的习惯和冲动障碍Other or unspecified habit snd impulse disorders性心理障碍（性变态）Psychosexual disorders性身份障碍Gerder identity disorders易性症Transsexualism性偏好障碍Disorders of sexual preference恋物症Fetishism异装症Fetishistic transvestism露阴症Exhibitionism窥阴症Voyeurism磨擦症Frotteurism性施虐与性受虐症Sadomasochism混合型性偏好障碍Mixed disorders of sexual perference性指向障碍Sexual orientation disorders同性恋Homosexuality双性恋Bisexuality精神发育迟滞Mental retardation轻度精神发育迟滞Mild mental retardation中度精神发育迟滞Moderate mental retardation重度精神发育迟滞Severe mental retardation极重度精神发育迟滞Profound mental retardation其他或待分类的精神发育迟滞Other or unspecified mental retardation 无或轻微的行为障碍No or minimal impairment of behavior言语和语言发育障碍Developmental disorders of speech and language特定言语构音障碍Specific speech articulation disorder表达性语言障碍Expressive language disorder感受性语言障碍Receptive language disorder特定学校技能发育障碍Specific developmental disorders of scholastic skills特定阅读障碍Specific reading disorder特定拼写障碍Specific spelling disorder特定计算技能障碍Specific disorder of arithmetical skills混合性学习技能障碍Mixed disorder of scholastic skills不典型孤独症Atypical autismRett综合征Rett is syndrome童年瓦解性精神障碍（Heller综合征）Childhood disintegrative disorder（Heller is syndrome ）Asperger综合征Asperger is syndrome其他或待分类的广泛性发育障碍Ogher or unspecified pervasive developmental disorders童年和少年期的多动障碍、品行障碍和情绪障碍Hyperkinetic, Conduct, and Emotional disorders with onset usually occurring in childhood and adolescence多动障碍Hyperkinetic disorders注意缺陷与多动障碍（儿童多动症）Attention dificit and hyperactivity disorder多动症合并品行障碍Hyperkinetic conduct disorder其他或待分类的多动障碍Other or unspecified hyperkinetic disorders品行障碍Conduct disorders [F91]反社会性品行障碍dissocial conduct disorder对立违抗性障碍Oppositional defiant disorder抽动障碍Tic disorders短暂性抽动障碍（抽动症）Transient tic disorder慢性运动或发声抽动障碍Chronic motor or vocal tic disorder 非器质性遗尿症Nonorganic enuresis非器质性遗粪症Nonorganic encopresis刻板性运动障碍Stereotyped movement disorders口吃Stuttering无精神病Without psychosis诈病Malingering自杀Suicie自杀死亡Complete suicide自杀未遂Incomplete suicide准自杀Parasuicide自伤Deliberate sdle-harm病理性激情Pathological emotional outbursts病理性半醒状态Pathological semi-awakening state。
分离转换性障碍疾病详解
疾病名：分离(转换)性障碍英文名：dissociative(conversion)disorders缩写：别名：歇斯底里症；癔症；癔病；hysteria疾病代码：ICD：F44.9概述：分离(转换) 性障碍[dissociative(conversion )disorders]原名歇斯底里症(hysteria)，由于这一名词在非医学界广泛用作贬义词，给患者留下不良的烙印(stigma)，遂译为癔症。
历来将分离(转换)性障碍(dissociative disorder) 归入癔症(hysteria)的不同类型。
ICD-10 和DSM-Ⅳ都取消了“癔症”这一名称，理由是它的含义太多且不确定，建议最好尽量避免“癔症”一词。
在国外精神病学界则从1980 年以后逐渐废弃了这一病名。
我国CCMD-3 仍然保留了“癔症”一词，但在临床描述、分型等方面也注意和ICD-10 的分类一致。
早在公元前1900 年，埃及就有歇斯底里症这一疾病的记载。
Hysteria 源于希腊文υδτερα,表示子宫的意思。
当时的医生们认为这类疾病是妇女所特有的一种疾病，是子宫(hysteros)在妇女体内游走而致病，曾设法驱使子宫复归原位以治疗本病。
其后希腊史学家Herodote(484 ～425 B.C) ，医学家Hypocrates(460～377 B.C)对本病的起因也沿袭了类似的看法。
直到 19 世纪后期才开始对本病进行科学的研究。
19世纪对癔症研究最有影响的是Charcot和他的3个学生：Babinski(1857~ 1932)、Janet 和弗洛伊德。
Charcot 详细描述了癔症的临床症状，特别是抽搐大发作，后人称之为“Charcot大发作”，他强调情绪诱因对癔症发作有重要作用。
Charcot 强调暗示与自我暗示在本病发病机制中的作用；Babinski 指出本病的症状可由不正确的病史询问和检查方法引起；他建立了一些神经系统检查方法用以鉴别器质性疾病与癔症。
分离性障碍与躯体形式障碍
• 最常见的症状是慢性疼痛，包括头痛、胸痛、腹 痛和背痛。 • 诊断必须要求患者至少有四个不同的身体部位出 现症状，其中包括两种胃肠症状、一种与性有关 的症状和一种明显的神经症症状。
躯体化障碍和疼痛障碍
• 躯体症状通常以模糊、戏剧化或夸张的方式表现出来，患者可 能坚持进行不必要的躯体检查，甚至手术治疗。(Van Hemert et al.，1993) • 容易产生焦虑和抑郁，并且难以正确表达和处理，要么表现为 躯体症状，要么以酗酒和反社会行为来掩饰。 –76%患者存在严重抑郁(Feder et al.，2001；Katon et al.，2001)
有关理论
• 认知理论
–患者比正常人有着更强烈的身体感觉，也比其他人更 关注躯体症状，而且倾向于夸大症状的影响 (Barsky,1992;Rief et al.,1998) –消化不良—胸口疼痛—心脏病信号—负性认知—心率 加快、血压升高—疼痛加重；医生可能增加药物剂量 或更多检查，家人更多同情，免除这类人的许多责 任—助长其消极行为(Turk ＆ Ruby,1992) –错误的认知和悲观的想法因医生及家人的行为得到巩 固，强化了对类似症状的同类想法。
• 神经成像技术（如SPECT）探索转化症发病机理
转化症的治疗
• 精神分析治疗
–重点在于让患者表达痛苦的情绪和记忆，并了解它们 与转化症症状之间的关系（Gavin,1985）
• 行为治疗
–着重缓解患者最初创伤所产生的焦虑情绪，减少患者 认为自己可以从转化症中获得的益处(Campo ＆ Negrini,2000) –系统脱敏法、现场暴露法
有过这种体验
(%) 26 26 22 23 19 15 14
精神病学-躯体形式及分离转换性障碍
鉴别诊断
• 癫痫：有意识丧失、瞳孔散大、对光反应消失、摔伤
• 急性应激反应：无反复发作史
• 诈病: 因人、因时、因地而异 • 躯体疾病：有相应的病理生理变化与辅助检查、实验室证据
• 精神分裂症：症状多与外界环境无相应的联系
治 疗
• 心理治疗为主 药物治疗为辅：暗示治疗 催眠治疗
• 治疗原则
– 不直接针对症状 – 不鼓励症状的残留 – 掌握适当的环境 – 采取综合治疗方法
• 坚信患病，反复检查
• 认为有畸形或变形 • 拒绝医生诊断或解释
躯体形式的自主神经功能紊乱的诊断 • 持续存在自主神经兴奋症状
• 涉及特定器官或系统的主观主诉
• 先占观念，医生解释无效 • 无器质性依据
躯体形式的疼痛障碍诊断
• 持续严重令人痛苦的疼痛，不能解释
• 情绪冲突或心理社会问题与疼痛的发生有关
躯体形式障碍及 分离（转换）性障碍
第一节、 躯体形式障碍
概 念
• 持久的担心或相信种躯体症状的优势观念为特征的精神障碍
• 反复就医，各种检查均无异常，医生反复解释 • 伴有焦虑抑郁情绪 • 症状发生和持续与生活事件，心理冲突有关，但患者否认心理 因素的存在 • 慢性波动性病程 大多在非精神科就诊
• 分离性运动障碍：瘫痪 震颤 失声
• 分离性抽搐：需与癫痫发作鉴别
• 分离性感觉障碍：
– 感觉缺失
– 感觉过敏
– 感觉异常：癔症球 常见 – 视觉障碍 – 听觉障碍
分离转换性障碍的其他形式 • 多重人格障碍 • Ganser，s 综合征
• 情感暴发
• 群体性癔病-流行性癔病
诊断要点
• 具有临床特征 • 不存在可以解释症状的躯体障碍证据 • 有心理致病的证据：时间 事件 反复 继发性获益
精神病英文名
精神病xx阿尔茨海默（Alzheimer）病Mental disorders due to Alzheimer is disease匹克（Pick）病所致精神障碍Mental disorders due to Pick is diseasf享廷顿（Huntington）病所致精神障碍Mental disorders due to Huntington is disease帕金森（Parkinson）病所致精神障碍[Mental disorders due to Parkinson is disease肝豆状核变性（Wilson病）所致精神障碍Mental disorders due to hepatolenticulardegeneration（Wilson is disease）颅内感染所致精神障碍Mental disorders due to intracranial infection急性病毒性脑炎所致精神障碍Mental disorders due to acute virus encephalitis克—雅病所致精神障碍Mental disorders due to Creutzfeldt-Jacob disease脑炎后综合征Postencephalitic syndrome躯体疾病所致精神障碍Mental disorders due to physical diseases躯体感染所致精神障碍Mental disorders due to physical infection人类免疫缺陷病毒所致精神障碍Mental disorders due to human immunodeficiency virus（HIV）内脏器官疾病所致精神障碍Mental disorders due to visceral organdisease内分泌疾病所致精神障碍Mental disorders due to endocrine disease营养代谢疾病所致精神障碍Mental disorders due to nutritional and metabolic disease结缔组织疾病所致精神障碍Mental disorders due to disease of connective tissue系统性红斑狼疮所致精神障碍Mental disorders due to systemic lupus erythematosus（SLE）染色体异常所致精神障碍Mental disorders due to chromosomal abnormality物理因素所致精神障碍Mental disorders due to physical factors以上未分类的其他躯体疾病所致精神障碍Mental disorders due to other diseases,orunspecifide精神病xx围生期精神障碍Puerperal mental disorder其他或待分类器质性精神Organic mental disorders due to other diseases,or unspecified器质性智能损害（痴呆）Organic intellectual deficiency（dementia）器质性遗忘Organic amnesic syndrime器质性人格改变、习惯与冲动改变、性心理改变Organic personality change, habit andimpulse change, psychosexual change器质性意识障碍（如谵妄）Organic consciousness disorders（e.g, delirium）器质性精神病性症状Organic psychotic symptoms器质性情感障碍Organic mood disorders器质性神经症样综合征Organic neurosis-like syndrome精神活性物质所致精神障碍或非成瘾物质所致精神障碍Mental disorders due psychoactivesubstances or non-addictive substances精神活性物质所致精神障碍Mental disorders due to use of psychoactive substances酒精所致精神障碍Mental disorders due to use of alcohol阿片类物质所致精神障碍Mental disorders due to use of opioids大麻类物质所致精神障碍Mental disorders due to use of cannabinoids镇静催眠药或抗焦虑药所致精神障碍Mental disorders due to use of sedatives or hypnotics兴奋剂所致精神障碍Mental disorders due to use of stimulants致幻剂所致精神障碍Mental disorders due to use of hallucinogens烟草所致精神障碍Mental disorders due to use of tobacco挥发性溶剂所致精神障碍Mental disorders due to use of volative solvents其他或待分类的精神活性物质所致精神障碍Mental disorders due to other psychoactivesubstances,or unspecifide精神病xx急性中毒Acute intoxication有害使用Harmful use依赖综合征（成瘾综合征）Dependencd（addictive）syndrome戒断综合征Withdrawal syndrome精神病性障碍Psychotc disorders智能损害（痴呆）Intellectual deficiency（dementia）遗忘综合征Amnesic syndrome残留性或迟发性精神障碍Residual and late-onset mental disorder意识障碍（如谵妄、昏迷）Predominant disturbance of vonsciousness幻觉症Hallucinosis妄想症Delusionosis抑郁综合征Depressive syndrome躁狂综合征Manic syndrome病理性中毒Pathological intoxication病理性重现（闪回）Flashbacks非成瘾物质所致精神障碍Mental disorders due to non-addictive substances非成瘾药物所致精神障碍Mental disorders due to non-addictive drugs一氧化碳所致精神障碍Mental disorders due to carbon monoxide有机化合物所致精神障碍Mental disorders due to organic compound重金属所致精神障碍Mental disorders due to heavy metals食物所致精神障碍Mental disorders due to foods精神病xx其他或待分类的非成瘾物质所致精神障碍Mental disorders due to other non-addictivesubstances, or unspecified精神分裂症（分裂症）和其他精神病性障碍Schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders精神分裂症（分裂症）Schizophrenia偏执型分裂症Paranoid schizophrenia青春型（瓦解型）分裂症Hebephrenic schizophrenia紧张型分裂症Catatonic schizophrenia单纯型分裂症Simple schizophrenia未定型分裂症Undifferentiated schizophrenia其他型或待分类的精神分裂症Other type or unspecified schizophrenia精神分裂症后抑郁Post-schizophrenic depression精神分裂症缓解期Remitted schizophrenia精神分裂症残留期Residual schizophrenia慢性精神分裂症Chronic schizophrenia精神分裂症衰退期Deteriorated schizophrenia偏执性精神障碍Paranoid mental disorders急性短暂性精神病Acute and transient psychosis分裂样精神病Schizophrenia-like psychosis旅途性精神病Travelling psychosis妄想阵发（急性妄想发作）Delusional episodes其他或待分类的急性短暂精神病Other or unspecified acute and transient psychosis感应性精神病Induced psychosis精神病xx分裂情感性精神病Schizoaffective psychosis分裂情感性精神病，躁狂型Schiaoaffective psychosis , manic type分裂情感性精神病，抑郁型Schizoaffective psychosis, depressive type分裂情感性精神病，混合型Schizoaffective psychosis, mixed type其他或待分类的精神病性障碍Other or unspecified psychotic disorders周期性精神病Periodic psychosis心境障碍（情感性精神障碍）Mood disorders（Affective disorders）躁狂发作Manic episode轻性躁狂症（轻躁狂）Hypomania无精神病性症状的躁狂症Mania without psychotic symptoms有精神病性症状的躁狂症Mania with psychotic symptoms复发性躁狂Recurrent mania复发性躁狂症，目前为轻躁狂Recurent mania, current episode hypomanic复发性躁狂症，目前为无精神病性症状的躁狂Recurrent mania, current episode manicwithout psychotic symptoms复发性躁狂症，目前为有精神病性症状的躁狂Recurrent mania, current episode manic withpsychotic symptoms其他或待分类的躁狂Other or unspecifided manic episode抑郁发作Depressive episode轻性抑郁症（轻抑郁）Mild depression无精神病性症状的抑郁症Depression without psychotic symptoms有精神病性症状的抑郁症Depression with psychotic symptoms复发性抑郁症Recurrent depression精神病xx复发性抑郁症，目前为轻抑郁Recurrent depression,current episode mild depressive复发性抑郁症，目前为无精神病性症状的抑郁Recurrent disorder,current episode depressivewithout psychotic symptoms有精神病性症状的抑郁Recurrent depressive disorder,current episode depressive withpsychotic symptoms复发性抑郁症，目前为其他或待分类的抑郁症Other or unspecifide depression持续性心境障碍Persistent mood disorder环性心境障碍Cyclothymia恶劣心境Dysthymia其他或待分类的持续性心境障碍Other or unspecifide persistent mood disorders其他或待分类的心境障碍Other or unspecified mood disorders意识障碍（如谵妄）Disturbance of consciousness（e.g.delirium）伴躯体症状With somatic symptoms慢性Chronic缓解期In remission癔症、应激相关障碍、神经症Hysteria ,Stress-related disorders,Neurosis 癔症Hysteria癔症性精神障碍Hysterical psychological disorders癔症性遗忘Hysterical amnesia癔症性漫游Hysterical fugue癔症性身份识别障碍Hysterical identity disorder癔症性精神病Hysterical psychosis癔症性附体障碍Hysterical possession disorders精神病xx癔症性木僵Hysterical stupor癔症性躯体障碍Hysterical somatic disorders癔症性运动障碍Hysterical motor disorders癔症性抽搐发作Hysterical convulsions癔症性感觉障碍Hysterical sensory disorders综合征Ganser is syndrome应激相关障碍Stress-related disorders急性应激障碍Acute stress disorders急性应激性精神病（急性反应性精神病）Acute stress psychosis（acute reactive psychosis）创伤后应激障碍Post-traumatic stress disorders适应障碍Adjustment disorders短期抑郁反应Brief depressive reaction中期抑郁反应Subprolonged depressive reaction长期抑郁反应Prolonged depressive reaction其他恶劣情绪为主的适应障碍Adjustment disorders with disturbance of other emotions混合性焦虑抑郁反应Mixed anxiety and depressive reaction品行障碍为主的适应障碍Adjustment disorders with predominant disturbance of conduct心境和品行混合性障碍为主的适应障碍Adjustment disorders with mixed disturbance ofemotionsand conduct其他或待分类的应激相关障碍Other or unspecified stress-related disorders 与文化相关的精神障碍Mental disorders related to culture气功所致精神障碍Mental disorders due to qigong精神病xx巫术所致精神障碍Mental disorders due to qitchcraft恐缩症Koro其他或待分类的与文化相关的精神障碍Other or unspecified mental disorders related toculture神经症Neurosis恐惧症（恐怖症）Phobia场所恐惧症Agoraphobia社交恐惧症（社交焦虑症）Social phobia特定的恐惧症Specific phobias焦虑症Anxiety disorder惊恐障碍Panic disorder广泛性焦虑Generalized anxiety disorder强迫症Obsession躯体形式障碍Somatoform disorders躯体化障碍Somatization disorder未分化躯体形式障碍Undifferentiated somatoform disorders疑病症Hypochondriasis躯体形式植物神经紊乱Somatoform autonomic dysfunction心血管系统功能紊乱Heart and cardiovascular system dysfunction高位胃肠道功能紊乱Upper gastrointestinal tract dysfunction低位胃肠道功能紊乱Lower gastrointestinal tract dysfunction呼吸系统功能紊乱Respiratory sstem dysfunction精神病xx泌尿生殖系统功能紊乱Genitourinary system dysfunction持续性躯体形式疼痛障碍Persistent somatoform pain disorder其他或待分类躯体形式障碍Other or unspecified somatoform disorders 神经衰弱Neurasthenia [F48.0]其他或待分类的神经症Other or unspecified neruosis心理因素相关生理障碍Physiological disorders related to psychological factords进食障碍Eating disorders神经性厌食Anorexia nervosa神经性贪食Bulimia nervosa神经性呕吐Psychogenia nervosa非器质性睡眠障碍Nonorganic sleep disorders失眠症Insomnia嗜睡症Hypersomnia睡眠—觉醒节律障碍Disorder of the sleep-wake schedule睡行症Sleepwalking/somnambulism夜惊Night terrors梦魇Nightmares其他或待分类非器质性睡眠障碍Other or unspecified nonorganic sleep disorders非器质性性功能障碍Nonorganic sexual dysfunction性欲减退Lack or loss of sexual desire阳痿Impotence冷阴Failure of femalegenital response精神病xx性乐高潮障碍Orgasmic dysfunction早泄Premature ejaculation阴道痉挛Vaginismus性交疼痛Dyspareunia人格障碍、习惯和冲动控制障碍、性心理障碍Personality disorders, Habit and impulsedisorders, Psychosexual disorders人格障碍Personality disorders偏执性人格障碍Paranoid personality disorder分裂样人格障碍Cchizoid personality disorder反社会性人格障碍Dissocial personality disorder冲动性人格障碍（攻击性人格障碍）Impulsive personality disorder表演性（癔症性）人格障碍Histrionic（hysterical）personality disorder 强迫性人格障碍Anankastic personality disorder焦虑性人格障碍Anxious personality disorder依赖性人格障碍Dependent personality disorder其他或待分类的人格障碍Other or unspecified personality disorder习惯与冲动控制障碍Habit and impulse disorders病理性赌博Pathological gambling病理性纵火Pathological fire-setting病理性偷窃Pathological stealing拔毛症（病理性拔毛发）Trichotillomania其他或未特定的习惯和冲动障碍Other or unspecified habit snd impulse disorders精神病英文名性心理障碍（性变态）Psychosexual disorders性身份障碍Gerder identity disorders易性症Transsexualism性偏好障碍Disorders of sexual preference恋物症Fetishism异装症Fetishistic transvestism露阴症Exhibitionism窥阴症Voyeurism磨擦症Frotteurism性施虐与性受虐症Sadomasochism混合型性偏好障碍Mixed disorders of sexual perference性指向障碍Sexual orientation disorders同性恋HomosexualityxxBisexuality精神发育迟滞Mental retardation轻度精神发育迟滞Mild mental retardation中度精神发育迟滞Moderate mental retardation重度精神发育迟滞Severe mental retardation极重度精神发育迟滞Profound mental retardation其他或待分类的精神发育迟滞Other or unspecified mental retardation 无或轻微的行为障碍No or minimal impairment of behavior言语和语言发育障碍Developmental disorders of speech and language精神病xx特定言语构音障碍Specific speech articulation disorder表达性语言障碍Expressive language disorder感受性语言障碍Receptive language disorder特定学校技能发育障碍Specific developmental disorders of scholastic skills特定阅读障碍Specific reading disorder特定拼写障碍Specific spelling disorder特定计算技能障碍Specific disorder of arithmetical skills混合性学习技能障碍Mixed disorder of scholastic skills不典型孤独症Atypical autismRett综合征Rett is syndrome童年瓦解性精神障碍（Heller综合征）Childhood disintegrative disorder （Heller is syndrome）Asperger综合征Asperger is syndrome其他或待分类的广泛性发育障碍Ogher or unspecified pervasive developmental disorders童年和少年期的多动障碍、品行障碍和情绪障碍Hyperkinetic, Conduct, and Emotionaldisorders with onset usually occurring in childhood and adolescence多动障碍Hyperkinetic disorders注意缺陷与多动障碍（儿童多动症）Attention dificit and hyperactivity disorder多动症合并品行障碍Hyperkinetic conduct disorder其他或待分类的多动障碍Other or unspecified hyperkinetic disorders品行障碍Conduct disorders [F91]反社会性品行障碍dissocial conduct disorder对立违抗性障碍Oppositional defiant disorder精神病xx抽动障碍Tic disorders短暂性抽动障碍（抽动症）Transient tic disorder慢性运动或发声抽动障碍Chronic motor or vocal tic disorder 非器质性遗尿症Nonorganic enuresis非器质性遗粪症Nonorganic encopresis刻板性运动障碍Stereotyped movement disorders口吃Stuttering无精神病Without psychosis诈病Malingering自杀Suicie自杀死亡Complete suicide自杀未遂Incomplete suicide准自杀Parasuicide自伤Deliberate sdle-harm病理性激情Pathological emotional outbursts病理性半醒状态Pathological semi-awakening state。
精神病学英文单词
5.方茴说：“那时候我们不说爱，爱是多么遥远、多么沉重的字眼啊。
我们只说喜欢，就算喜欢也是偷偷摸摸的。
”6.方茴说：“我觉得之所以说相见不如怀念，是因为相见只能让人在现实面前无奈地哀悼伤痛，而怀念却可以把已经注定的谎言变成童话。
”7.在村头有一截巨大的雷击木，直径十几米，此时主干上唯一的柳条已经在朝霞中掩去了莹光，变得普普通通了。
8.这些孩子都很活泼与好动，即便吃饭时也都不太老实，不少人抱着陶碗从自家出来，凑到了一起。
9.石村周围草木丰茂，猛兽众多，可守着大山，村人的食物相对来说却算不上丰盛，只是一些粗麦饼、野果以及孩子们碗中少量的肉食。
1.“噢，居然有土龙肉，给我一块！”2.老人们都笑了，自巨石上起身。
而那些身材健壮如虎的成年人则是一阵笑骂，数落着自己的孩子，拎着骨棒与阔剑也快步向自家中走去。
错觉illusion幻觉hallucinationAuditory~，visual~，~of smell and taste ，tactile~、~of visceral sensantion 思维奔逸filght of ideas思维散漫loosening of associations 思维迟缓retardaton of thinking 思维贫乏poverty of thinking 思维阻隔 thought blockling 赘述circumstantiality病理性象征性思维 p. symbolic thinking 持续言动perseveration 语词新作neologism被洞悉感experience of being revealed 思维被播散thought broadcasting 被害妄想persecutory delusion 关系妄想delusion of reference 夸大妄想 delusion of grander 自罪妄想~ of guilt and worthless 虚无妄想nihilistic delusion 疑病妄想hypochondriacal ~ 嫉妒妄想~ of jealousy 钟情妄想erotomanic ~ 影响妄想~ of control 释义妄想interpretation~ ------注意增强hyperprosexia 注意减退aprosexia 随境转移distractability注意范围缩小narrowing of attention 注意迟钝inattentiveness 遗忘 amnesia心因性遗忘/界限性遗忘psychogenic/circumscribed~ 器质性遗忘organic~ 逆行性遗忘retrograde 顺行性遗忘anterograde Recent/remote~记忆错误paramnesia 错构paramnesia虚构confabulation妄想性回忆delusional recall 记忆增强hyperamnesia 智能intelligence 自知力insight情感affect 情绪emotion 心境mood 情绪高涨elation 情绪低落depression焦虑anxiety 激越状态agitation 恐惧fear易激惹性irritability情感不稳定emotional instability 情感脆弱affective fragility情感淡漠apathy,indifference 病理性激情p. passion 情感麻木emotional stupor 情感倒错parathymia情感幼稚emotional infantility 情感矛盾affective ambivalence 意志增强hyperbulia 意志减弱hypobulia 意志缺乏abulia矛盾意向ambivalence 易暗示性suggestibility不协调性兴奋incoherent excitement 木僵stuporCatatonic~，depressive~，psychogenic~，organic~，蜡样屈曲waxy flexibility 缄默症mutism 违拗症negativism刻板言动stereotyped speech and act 持续言动perseveration模仿言动echolalia and echopraxia 作态manerism强迫动作compulsion冲动行为impulsive behavior嗜睡somnolence 昏睡sopor 昏迷coma 意识模糊clouding of consciousness 谵妄delirium5.方茴说：“那时候我们不说爱，爱是多么遥远、多么沉重的字眼啊。
精神病学专业词汇
精神病学psychiatry神病psychosis重性精神病psychosis精神障碍mental disordersPsychiatry 来源于希腊语，psyche精神、灵魂，iatria治疗mental health →mental disorder 移行谱continuum国际ICD-10 international statistical classification of disease and related health problem 美国DSM-Ⅳ-R diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorder中国CCMD-3 Chinese classification and diagnostic criteria of mental disorder症状学Signs and Symptoms 又叫精神病理学psychopathology思维奔逸flight of thought思维迟缓inhibition of thought思维贫乏poverty of thought思维散漫looseness of thought思维破裂splitting of thought病理性赘述circumstantiality思维中断blocking of thought思维插入thought insertion思维扩散diffusion of thought病理性象征性思维symbolic thinking语词新作neologism逻辑倒错性思维paralogism thinking强迫观念obsessive idea妄想delusion 又称急性脑病综合征acute brain syndrome疑病妄想hypochondriacal delusion钟情妄想delusion of love思维被洞悉delusion that thoughts are being read超价观念overvalued idea精神发育迟滞mental retardation痴呆dementia又称慢性脑综合征chronic brain syndrome假性痴呆pseudodementia：刚塞综合征ganser syndrome、童样痴呆puerilism 、抑郁性假性痴呆depressive pseudodementia木僵stupor谵妄Delirium心境障碍Mood disorder又称情感性障碍Affective disorder情绪Emotion与情感Affection心境Mood绝望hopelessness无助helplessness无用worthlessness锂盐Lithium氯丙嗪Chlorpromazine氟哌啶醇haloperidol氯氮平Clozapine奥氮平Olanzapine维思通risperidone喹硫平quetiapine电休克ECT三环类抗抑郁药TCAs单胺氧化酶抑制剂MAOI选择性5-HT再摄取抑制剂SSRIs遗忘综合征amnestic syndrome又称柯萨可夫综合征Korsakoff’s syndrome阿尔茨海默病Alzheimer’s disease, AD老年斑senile plaques, SP神经原纤维缠结neurofibrillary tangles, NFT颗粒空泡变性GD血管性痴呆vascular dementia, VD恐惧症phobia焦虑症anxiety disorders广泛性焦虑障碍general anxiety disorder，GDA强迫症compulsion，obsession强迫障碍obsessive-compulsive disorder，OCD躯体形式障碍somatoform disorder神经衰弱neurasthenia癔症hysteria癔症球globus hystericus嗜睡症hypersomnia适应障碍adjustment disorder精神分裂症schizophrenia偏执型paranoid type紧张型catatonic type青春型hebephrenic type单纯型simplex type未分化型undifferentiated type残留型residual type精神分裂症后抑郁post schizophrenia depression精神活性物质psychoactive substances又称物质或成瘾物质substances、药物drug 依赖dependence强制性觅药行为compulsive drug seeking behavior躯体依赖physical dependence心理依赖psychological dependence渴求状态craving滥用abuse称为有害使用harmful use耐受性tolerance戒断状态withdrawal state反跳rebound抑制剂depressants兴奋剂stimulants大麻cannabis，marijuana致幻剂hallucinogen阿片类opioids挥发性溶剂solvents烟草tobacco犒赏系统reward system中脑边缘多巴胺系统mesolimbic dopamine system脱毒detoxification中枢神经系统兴奋剂，或称精神兴奋剂psychostimulant 腾云驾雾感flash全身电流传导般的快感rush酒精性幻觉症alcohol hallucinosis酒精性妄想症alcohol delusional disorder酒精性妄想症alcohol delusional disorder错觉illusion意识consciousness幻觉hallucination定向力orientation自知力insight失眠症insomnia违拗症negativism创伤后应激障碍PTSD，posttraumatic stress disorder急性应激障碍acute stress disorders情绪高涨Elation。
心理学专业英语词汇（S4）
心理学专业英语词汇(S4)soma 躯体somaesthesis 躯体觉somagenic need 身体需要somalotype 体型somathesis 躯体觉somathetic area 躯体感觉区somatic anxiety 躯体焦虑somatic cell 体细胞somatic cell division 体细胞分裂somatic cell genetics 体细胞遗传学somatic delusion 躯体妄想somatic disorder 躯体失调somatic motor component 躯体运动成分躯体运动成分somatic muscle 体肌somatic nervous system 体神经系统somatic reflex 体性反射somatic sensation 躯体觉somatic sense 躯体觉somatic sensory component 躯体感觉成分somationia type 身体紧张型somatist 躯体论者somatization 躯体化somatization disorder 躯体化失调somatoceptor 体壁感受器somatoform disorder 身体症状性疾患somatogenic 体因性somatogenic need 身体需求somatogravie illusion 躯体重力错觉somatogyral illusion 躯体旋动错觉somatology 人类躯体学somatonia 肌体型somatonia type 身体紧张型somatopathy 躯体病somatophrenia 体病幻想somatopsychic delusion 自体妄想somatopsychic disturbance 身心障碍somatopsychic illness 身心疾病somatopsychic medicine 身心医学somatopsychology 躯体心理学somatopsychosis 躯体性精神病somatosensory 躯体感觉somatosensory area 体感觉区somatosensory cortex 躯体感觉皮质somatosensory system 躯体感觉系统somatotherapy 躯体治疗somatotonia 健壮型somatotonia type 躯体紧张型somatotopic 躯体特定区的somatotopic localization 躯体部位定位躯体部位定位somatotopic map 躯体位置图somatotropic hormone 生长激素生长激素somatotropic releasing 生长激素释放因子somatotropin 生长素somatotype 体型somatotypology 体型学somesthesia 体觉somesthesis 体觉somesthetic sensibility 本体感觉somethetic perception 体觉some or none law 一些或无定律somnambulance 梦行症somnambulate 梦行somnambulism 梦游症somnambulist 梦行者somniloquence 梦呓somnipathist 催眠性迷睡者somnipathy 催眠性迷睡somnium dream 深层梦somnocinematograph 催眠运动描记器somnolence 嗜眠somnolency 嗜眠somnolent 想睡的somnus 睡眠somon hering hypothesis 塞蒙黑林假说sonar 声纳sondage 预探sone 宋song pattern 鸣转模式sonic boom 声爆sonication 声处理sonics 声能学sonifer 助听器soniferous 传播声音的sonitus 耳鸣sonogram 声波图sonometer 听力计sonority 音响sonority features 音响特征sophism 诡辨术sophist 智者sophistry 诡辩sophomania 大智妄想soroban education 珠算教育sorrow 悲哀sort 种类sorting 分类sorting test 分类测验soul 灵魂soul image 灵魂象soul monad hypothesis 灵魂单子假说灵魂单子假说soul searching 良心上的自我反省soul substance 灵运动实体sound 声音sound analyzer 声音分析器sound audition sensation 声音知觉sound barrier 声障sound board 声板sound cage 音笼sound conduction 声音传导sound density 声密度sound energy 声能sound field 声场sound figure 声图sound flutter 声音闪烁sound hammer 音锤sound image theory 声象说sound intensity 音强sound interference 声干扰sound key 声键sound level meter 声级计sound localization 声源定位sound meter 声级计sound mixture 声音混合sound pendulum 音摆sound perimetry 声源测定法sound play 发声游戏sound pollution 噪声污染sound pressure 声压sound pressure level 声压级sound reflection 声音反射sound shadow 声音阴影sound shift 语音演变sound source 声源sound spectrograph 声谱仪sound spectrum 声谱sound stimulus 音刺激sound velocity 音速sound wave 声波sound weapon 声武器sounder 发声器sound proof 隔音sound proof room 隔音室sour 酸sour grapes mechanism 酸葡萄作用source 根源source of data 资料来源source of error 误差来源source of error in survey 调查误差来源调查误差来源source of feeling of free will 自由意识的感觉源泉source of knowledge 知识源泉source of power 权力来源source of variation 变异来源source trait 本源特质southern california sensory integration test 南加州感觉整合测验southern california test of intellectual abilities 南加州智能测验sovereign minister relation theory of cognition 君臣观sp p物质sp 阈下知觉阈下知觉space 空间space bias 空间偏差space bit 空位space concept 空间概念space configuration 空间构形space effect 空间效应space engineer 宇宙学家space error 空间误差space factor 空间因素space fiction 宇航科幻小说space flight 宇宙飞行space flyer 宇航员space gun 航天发射器space learning 空间学习space mark 间隔符号space medicine 宇宙医学space motion 空间运动space operation center 空间操作中心space orientation 空间定向space pattern theory 空间类型学说space perception 空间知觉space psychology 宇宙心理学space relation 空间关系space relation test 空间关系测验space sense 空间觉space sickness 宇宙病space structure 空间结构space syndrome 航天综合症space system 宇宙体系space technology 宇航工程space travel 宇宙飞行space walk 太空行走spacecraft 宇宙飞船spaced learning 分散学习spaced practice 分散练习spaceflight 宇宙飞行spacehelmet 宇宙飞行帽spacelab 宇宙实验室spaceless 无限的spaceman 宇航员spacephobia 空间恐怖症spacer 隔离物spacesuit 宇航服space idea 空间观念space plane 太空飞机space platform 宇航站space port 火箭发射中心space time pattern theory 时空类型学说时空类型学说space use behavior 空间利用行为spacial 空间的spacial ability 空间能力spacial color 空间色spacing 间隔spacing effect 间隔效应spacing of controls 控制器间隔spallanzani s law 斯帕朗扎尼定律span 广度span of apprehension 理解广度span of attention 注意广度span of cognition 认知广度span of consciousness 意识广度span of control 控制范围span of discrimination 辨别范围span of immediate memory 瞬时记忆广度span of interest 兴趣广度span of life 一生span of perception 知觉广度span of short term memory 短时记忆广度span of visual discrimination 视觉辨别范围spark chronoscope 电火花计时器spasm 痉挛spasmodic 痉挛的痉挛的spasmolysis 解痉作用spasmolytic 解痉的spasmus 痉挛spastic 痉挛的痉挛的spastic gait 痉挛步态spastic paraplegia 痉挛性截瘫spasticity 痉挛状态spatial 空间的spatial ability 空间能力spatial acuity 空间视敏度spatial agnosia 空间失认症spatial alternation 空间变换spatial compatibility 空间兼容性spatial configuration 空间配制spatial conformance 空间合宜性spatial constancy 空间常性spatial density 空间密度spatial discrimination 空间辨别spatial disorientation 空间定向障碍spatial distortion 空间变性spatial distribution 空间分布spatial environments 空间环境spatial facilitation 空间助长spatial framework 空间格局spatial frequency 空间频率spatial frequency column 空间频率柱spatial illusion 空间错觉spatial image 空间图象spatial imagery 空间表象spatial intuition 空间直觉spatial localization of sound 听觉空间定位spatial maze 空间迷津spatial memory 空间记忆spatial modality 空间感觉形态spatial modulation transfer function 空间调制传递函数spatial organization 空间组合spatial orientation 空间定向spatial perception 空间知觉spatial relation 空间关系spatial relationship 空间关系spatial representable structure 空间表征结构spatial summation 空间总和作用spatial threshold 空间阈限spatiality 空间性spatialization 空间化spatial temporal sense world 时空感觉世界spatio temporal 时空的speaking in tongues 言语含混spearman computation 斯皮尔曼计算法斯皮尔曼计算法spearman fspearman footrule correlation 斯皮尔曼简捷相关spearman rank correlation 斯皮尔曼等级相关spearman rank correlation coefficient 斯皮尔曼等级相关系数spearman two factor theory 斯皮尔曼二因素说spearman brown formula 斯皮尔曼布朗公式special class 特殊班级special clothing 特殊服special diagnostic techniques 特殊诊断技术special education 特殊教育special environment 特殊环境special group norm 特殊团体常模special homology 特殊同源性special inquiry 专门调查special language 特殊语言special learning disability 特殊性学习不能症特殊性学习不能症special modality 特定通道special perception 专门化知觉special physiology 器官生理学special school 特殊教育学校special sense organ 特殊感觉器special sensibility 特种敏感性special symbol 特殊符号special talent 特殊才能special transfer 特殊迁移specialism 专门化specialist 专家specialist leader 专家领袖specialist system 专家系统speciality 特性specialization 特殊化specialization of meaning 语义专门化specialized perception 专门化知识specially gifted children 特殊能力儿童特殊能力儿童species 物种species home sapiens 智人种species reflex 种属反射species special behavior 物种特异性行为species specific 物种特有性的species specific behavior 种的特异行为种的特行为species specific behavior pattern 种的特异行为模式species typical behavior 物种典型行为物种典型行为specific 特殊的specific ability 特殊能力specific action potential 特异动作潜能特动作潜能specific anosmia 特殊嗅觉缺失specific assignment sampling 特定取样特定取样specific category 特定范畴specific character 特有性格specific concept 特定概念specific curiosity 特殊好奇心specific developmental disorder 特殊发展性疾病specific distance tendency 特定距离倾向specific dynamic action 特别动力作用特别动力作用specific education 特殊教育specific energy of nerves 神经特定能量神经特定能量specific event 特殊事件specific expression 特有表达式specific factor 特殊因素specific fiber energy 特殊纤维能量specific form 特殊形式specific function theory 特殊功能说specific function theory of pain 痛觉特殊功能说specific irritability 特殊应激性specific learning ability 特异学习能力特学习能力specific learning disturbance 特定学习困扰specific marriage rate 特殊结婚率specific mental training 专项心理训练专项心理训练specific morbidity rate 特殊疾病率specific nerve energy 特殊神经能量specific neuron code hypothesis 特异性神经元密码假说specific projection system 特殊投射系统特殊投射系统specific response 特殊反应specific sample survey 特定样本调查specific sensation 特定感觉specific solution 特定性解决specific term 特殊术语specific thalamo cortical projectionstem 丘脑皮层特异投射系统specific transfer 特定迁移specific vocational aptitude test 特殊职业能力倾向测验specification 规范specification bias 设定偏误specification equation 特规方程式specification error 设定误差specifications 说明书specificity 独特性specific assignment sampling 特定抽样特定抽样specify 指定spectator behavior 旁观者行为spectator psychology of acrobatics 杂技观众的心理学spectral absorption curve 光谱吸收曲线光谱吸收曲spectral chromaticity locus 光谱色度轨迹spectral color 光谱色spectral color matching function 光谱颜色匹配函数spectral density 光谱密度spectral distribution 光谱分布spectral luminosity efficiency 光谱视亮度效率spectral luminosity efficiency curve 光谱光效曲线spectral luminosity factor 光谱视亮度因素spectral opponent cell 光谱色颉颃细胞光谱色颉颃细胞spectral reflectance 分光反射率spectral scale 光谱量表spectral sensibility 光谱感受性spectral sensibility curve 光谱感受性曲线spectrocolorimeter 单色盲分光镜spectrogram 光谱图spectrometer 分光计spectrophotometer 分光光度计spectroscope 分光镜spectrum 范围spectrum 光谱spectrum of speech 言语声谱specular reflection glare 镜面眩光speculation 思辩speculative knowledge 理论知识speculative psychology 思辩心理学speculative rhetoric 思辩技巧speculative science 思辩科学speculative system 思辩体系speculative thought 思辩思维speculativeness 思辩speculativism 思辩speculator 思索者speculator 投机者speech 言语speech act 言语活动speech area 言语区speech art 言语艺术speech articulation 言语清晰度speech audiometry 言语测听speech audition 言语听觉speech block 语言阻碍speech center 语言中枢speech communication 言语沟通speech comprehension 言语理解speech defect 言语缺陷speech development 言语发展speech disorder 言语失常speech distortion 言语失真speech disturbance 言语错乱speech education 言语教育speech error 言语误差speech event 言语活动speech handicap 言语障碍speech handicapped 言语障碍者speech handicapped children 言语障碍儿speech impediment 言语障碍者speech intelligibility 言语可懂度speech interference level 言语干扰级speech measures 言语测量speech mechanism 言语机制speech organs 言语器官speech pathology 言语病理学speech perception 言语知觉speech perception test 言语知觉测验speech processing 言语加工speech production 言语产生speech psychology 言语心理学speech reading 唇读speech recognition 言语识别speech sound 语音speech spectrogram 言语图谱speech synthesis 言语合成speech therapy 言语治疗speech training 言语训练speech volume indicator 言语响度指示器speech to noise ratio 言语噪声比speed 速度speed endurance 速度耐力speed meter 测速计speed of actions 动作速率speed of operation 操作速度speed of perception 知觉速度speed of perceptive threshold 速度知觉阈限speed stress 速度应激speed test 速度测验speedometer 速度计speed accuracy operating characteristic 速度准确性操作特性speed accuracy trade off 速度准确性权衡speed up 加速spelling dyslexia 拼音困难症sperm 精子spermalist 精源论者spermatiation 受精作用spermatogonium 精原细胞spermatophore 精原细胞spermatovum 受精卵spermioteleosis 精子成熟spermist 精原论者spheresthesia 癔球感spherical aberration 球面象差sphincter morality 排便控制道德观sphygmobologram 脉能图sphygmocardiograph 心动脉搏描记器sphygmocardioscope 心动心音脉搏描记器sphygmochronograph 脉搏自动描记器脉搏自动描记器sphygmogramsphygmograph 脉搏描记器sphygmology 脉搏学sphygmomanometer 血压计sphygmometer 脉搏计sphygmometrograph 血压描记器sphygmometroscope 听脉血压计sphygmoscope 脉搏检视器sphygmo oscillometer 示波血压计sphygomanometer 血压计spike potential 峰电位spike wave 棘波spinal accessory nerve 脊附属神经spinal akinesia 脊髓性运动不能spinal animal 脊髓动物spinal canal 脊髓管spinal conditioning 脊髓条件作用spinal cord 脊髓spinal ganglion 脊神经节spinal nerve 脊髓神经spinal reflex 脊髓反射spinal root 脊根spinal segment 脊髓节spinal shock 脊髓休克spinant 脊髓兴奋计spindle 梭spindle wave 梭波spinobulbar 脊髓延髓的spinobulbar tract 脊髓延髓径spinocerebellar 脊髓小脑的spinocerebellar tract 脊髓小脑径spinocortical 脊髓大脑皮层的spintheropia 闪光幻视spiral after effect 螺旋后效spiral curriculum 螺旋式课程spiral curve 螺旋曲线spiral curve of cognition 认识的螺旋曲线spiral ganglion 螺旋神经节spiral omnibus test 螺旋式多类题测验螺旋式多类题测验spiral test 螺旋式测验spiriometer 肺活量计spirit 精神spiritual healing 精神治疗spiritual me 精神我spiritual science 精神科学spiritual world 精神世界spiritualism 唯灵论spirituality 精神性spirograph 呼吸描记器spiroscope 呼吸量测定器spiroscopy 呼吸量测定法splanchnic 内脏的splanchnic motor component 内脏运动组元splanchnic sensory component 内脏感觉组元split brain 分脑split brain studies 裂脑研究split loyalty 分裂的忠心split personality 分裂人格splitsville 分居splitting of consciousness 意识分裂split brain operation 劈脑手术split brain research 割裂脑研究split half correlation 折半相关split half method 折半法split half reliability 折半信度split off 分裂split plot design 分区设计split run test 分割登载测试split up 分裂spoken language 口头语言spontaneity 自发性spontaneity discharge 自发性放电spontaneity test 自发性检查spontaneity therapy 自发性治疗法spontaneity training 自发性训练spontaneous 自发的spontaneous activity 自发活动spontaneous allergy 自发性变态反应spontaneous apperception 自发知觉spontaneous behavior 自发性行为spontaneous brain wave 自发性脑电波自发性脑电波spontaneous contraction 自发性收缩spontaneous conviction 自发信念spontaneous electric activity 自发神经电活动spontaneous factor 自发因素spontaneous factor in morality 道德的自发因素spontaneous generation 自然发生spontaneous imitation 自发模仿spontaneous leaning 自发学习spontaneous movement 固有运动spontaneous potential 自发电位spontaneous reaction 自发反应spontaneous recall 自发回忆spontaneous recovery 自然恢复spontaneous regression 自发性回归spontaneous religion 自发宗教spontaneous remission 自发性减轻spoony 痴情的spoor 跟踪spoorer 跟踪者sporadic 单个发生的sporadic deviation 偶然差异sporadoneure 散在神经元sport 运动sport psychologist 运动心理学家sport psychology 运动心理学sport skill training 运动技术训练sports adaptability 竞技适应性sports alertness 运动机敏性sports anxiety 运动焦虑sports anxiety symptom 运动焦虑症sports attraction 运动吸引力sports combating 运动格斗性sports competition 运动竞争性sports consciousness 运动意识sports coordination 运动协调性sports decisiveness 运动果断性sports emotion 运动情绪sports frustration 运动挫折sports independence 运动独立性sports indomitableness 运动顽强性sports knowledge learning 运动知识学习运动知识学习sports learning interest 运动学习兴趣sports learning motive 运动学习动机sports load 运动负荷sports overcoming 运动克服性sports performance efficiency 运动效能运动效能sports perseverance 运动坚持性sports play 运动游戏sports psychology 运动心理学sports publicity 运动公开性sports reinforcement 运动强化sports stratagem 运动计谋sports strategy 运动战略性sports style 运动风格sports training psychology 运动训练心理学sports team structure 运动队结构spot 点spot cooling 局部减温spot field investigation 现场调查spot heating 局部供暖spot test 现场测试spot check 抽查spot pattern test 点图测验spouse 配偶spr 皮电反射皮电反射spread information 传播信息spread news 传播消息spread of activation 激活扩展spread of education 教育普及spread of effect 效果扩散spreading activation model 扩散激活模型spreading depression 扩散性抑制spreading effect 扩散效应spreading of inhibitory process 抑制过程的扩散spring 青春springs of human conduct 人类行为动机人类行为动机springtime 青春期spring stick measurement of pain 弹簧棒测痛spurious correlation 假相关spurious hermaphrodism 假两性畸形spurious relationship 伪关系spurious signal 伪信号spurt 奋进spurt 喷射spurt method 喷射法spurt odorimeter 喷射式气味测量计squandermania 浪费狂square contingency 平方列联square illusion 正方形错觉square maze 方形迷津squeamish 神经质squinting 斜视sra achievement series sra 成就测验系列sra clerical aptitudes sra 文书能力倾向测验sra mechanical aptitudes sra 机械能力倾向测验sra pictorial reasoning test sra 图画推理测验sra primary mental abilities sra 基本智能测验sra reading and arithmetic indexes sra 阅读及算术指数sra short test of educational ability sra 教育能力短测验sra typing skills sra 打字技能测验 sra 打字技能测验srbssrc 皮肤电阻变化srf 生长激素释放因子srr 皮肤电阻反射ss 被试者stabilimeter 稳定计stability 稳定性stability coefficient 常性系数stability criterion 稳定性准则stability factor 稳定性因素stability in the large 整体稳定性stability of attention 注意稳定性stability of interest 兴趣稳定性stability of visual space 视觉空间稳定性stability test 稳定性检验stabilization 稳定作用stabilize 稳定stabilize the market 稳定市场stabilized image 固定影象stabilized retinal image 静止视网膜象stabilizing factor 稳定因素stable equilibrium 稳定平衡stable phase 稳定期stable process 稳定过程stadibasiphobia 起立恐怖症staff 职工staff division 参谋部门stage 阶段stage atmosphere 舞台气氛stage craft 舞台艺术stage of autonomy vs shame and doubt 自主对羞惑阶段stage of concrete operation 具体运算阶段stage of enactive representation 动作再现表象阶段stage of formal operation 形式运算阶段形式运算阶段stage of generativity vs stagnation 创造性对停滞阶段stage of iconic representation 形象再现表象阶段stage of identity vs role confusion 同一性对角色混乱阶段stage of illumination 启示期stage of incubation 孕育期stage of initiative vs guilt 主动对内疚阶段stage of integrity vs despair 完善对绝望阶段stage of mental development 心理发展阶段stage of moral development 道德发展阶段stage of moral realism 现实主义道德阶段stage of preparation 准备期stage of rational knowledge 理性认识阶段stage of sense perception and impression 感觉与印象阶段stage of social development 社会发展阶段stage of symbolic representation 符号再现表象阶段stage of trust vs mistrust 信任对不信任阶段stage theory 阶段理论stage theory of color vision 颜色视觉阶段说stage theory of development 发展阶段说发展阶段说staggering gait 蹒跚步态staircase illusion 楼梯错觉staircase method 阶梯法staircase phenomenon 楼梯现象stammerer 口吃者stammering 口吃standard 标准standard atmosphere 标准大气standard basal state 标准基础状态standard chi square test 标准卡方检验标准卡方检验standard curve 标准曲线standard deviation 标准差standard difference 标准差异standard effective temperature 标准有效温度standard error 标准误差standard error of estimate 估计标准误standard error of mean 平均数标准误standard error of measurement 测量标准误standard error of sampling 取样标准误取样标准误standard group 标准群体standard illuminant 标准光源standard illuminant a a标准光源standard illuminant b b标准光源standard illuminant c c标准光源standard illuminant e e标准光源standard light source 标准光源standard normal distribution 标准正态分布standard observer 标准观察者standard of illumination 照明标准standard of instruments 仪器标准standard of morality 道德标准standard operative temperature 标准作用温度standard pitch 标准音高standard ratio 标准比standard relative luminous efficiency curve 标准相对光效曲线standard score 标准分数standard score of academic achievement 学业成就标准分数standard stimulus 标准刺激standard temperature 标准温度standard test 标准测验standard time 标准时间standardization 标准化standardization group 标准化组standardization interview 标准化面谈standardization of test 测验标准化standardization sample 标准化样本standardized achievement test 标准化成就测验standardized instruction 标准化教学standardized intelligence test 标准化智力测验standardized test 标准化测验standard referenced test 标准参照测验标准参照测验standing at attention 紧张型直立姿势standing at ease 松弛型直立姿势standpoit 立场standstill 停顿stand by lighting 备用照明stanford achievement test 斯坦福成就测验斯坦福成就测验stanford intelligence test 斯坦福智力测验stanford profile scales of hypnotic susceptibility 斯坦福催眠易感性剖象量表stanford test of academic skills 斯坦福学校技能测验stanford binet intelligence test 斯坦福比奈智力测验stanford binet test 斯坦福比奈测验stannic scale 九点量表stannine 标准九分stapes 镫骨stare 盯stars 明星starting point 起点starting point of sampling 抽样起点starting price for retail 零售起点startle 惊跳startle displays 惊吓展示startle reflex 惊跳反射starvation 绝食stasiphobia 站立恐怖症state 状态state anxiety 状态性焦虑state anxiety of athlete 运动员状态焦虑运动员状态焦虑state assignment 状态分配state description 状态描述state model 状态模式state of consciousness 意识状态state of overexcitement 过分激动状态statement ability of witness 证人的陈述能力statement disturbance 陈述障碍state dependent learning 情境依赖学习情境依赖学习state dependent memory 情境关联记忆情境关联记忆state trait anxiety inventory 焦虑状态与特质量表state trait anxiety inventory for children 儿童焦虑状态与特质量表static 静态的static anthropometry 静态人体测量static display 静态显示器static equilibrium 静态平衡static muscle work 静态肌肉工作static noise 稳态噪声static posture 静态姿势static posture reflex 静态姿势反射static reaction 静态反应static receptor 平衡感受器static reflex 静态反射static sense 平衡觉static strength 静态性力量static vision field 静态视野static work 静态工作station illusion 站台错觉statistic of test 检验统计量statistical accuracy 统计准确性statistical analysis 统计分析statistical analysis technique 统计分析方法statistical constant 统计常数statistical correlation 统计相关statistical data 统计数据statistical decision 统计决定statistical decision theory 统计决定论statistical error 统计误差statistical findings 统计调查结果statistical induction 统计归纳statistical inference 统计推理statistical information 统计信息statistical inquiry 统计调查statistical knowledge 统计知识statistical language 统计语言statistical method 统计方法statistical package for social sciences 社会科学统计软件包statistical probability 统计概率statistical procedure 统计程序statistical psychology 统计心理学statistical regression 统计回归现象statistical relations 统计数关系statistical reliability 统计可靠性statistical research 统计研究statistical result 统计结果statistical significance 统计显著性statistical study 统计研究statistical symbol 统计符号statistical table 统计表statistical test 统计检验statistical theory 统计理论statistical unit 统计单位statistical universe 统计总体statistical validity 统计真实性statistically significant difference 统计上的显著差异statistics 统计学statistics of attributes 品质统计statistics of attributes 属性统计statistics of crime 犯罪统计statistics of variables 量的统计statodynamic sense 位觉statokinetic labyrinth 位觉迷路statoreceptor 平衡感受器stature 身材。
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幻想
Treatment
induced第t1h4页e/r共a1p5页y 诱导疗法
Men learn while they teach
教学相长《礼记﹒学记》
第15页/共15页
心理生理症状: 失眠/疼痛/食欲/性欲
Treatment
1. drugs: valium 2. psychotherapy
第13页/共15页
Hysteria 癔症
Clinical picture
1. somatic disorder: 躯体障碍
motor disorder , sensory disorder
Treatment 治疗 1. behavior therapy 行为疗法 2. drugs 药物
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Anxiety neurosis 焦虑症
Clinical picture
1. feeling of anxiety 焦虑的体验 2. physical symptoms 运动/植物神经症状
“医学生病”
Treatment
?
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Neurasthenia
神经衰弱
Clinical picture
1. mental and physical fatigue 心身疲劳 2. irritability 易激惹/烦恼/紧张 3. psychophysiological symptoms
2. psychological disorder: 精神障碍
amnesia, fugue, identity disorder
遗忘 神游 多重人格
Personality features
suggestion, self-centred, dramatization, fantasy
暗示性
自我中心
戏剧性
患病率
22.21%0
第6页/共15页
Etiology?/Theories!
相关学说
Psychoanalytic theories 精神分析学说
❖ unconsciousness 潜意识
dream wrong neurotic symptoms
梦
错误
神经症症状
❖ personality structure 人格构成
id ego superego
原我
自我
超我
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Etiology?/Theories!
相关学说
Behavior theories 行为科学理论
stress-response 刺激-反应
Cognitive theories 认知学说
S
R
C 认知
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Phobia 恐惧症
Clinical picture 临床表现 1. agoraphobia 广场恐惧 2. simple phobia 单一恐惧 3. social phobia 社交恐惧
1. obsessive thoughts 强迫观念 2. obsessive mood 强迫情绪 3. obsessive impulses & behavior 强迫冲动/行为
Personality features 人格特征
scrupulousness 小心多虑, rigidity 严谨规矩僵化, perfectionism 追求完美, insecurity 不安全感
神经症
张亚林
Zhang Ya-lin M.D & Ph.D
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History 历史沿革
W.Cullen , 1769 H.Bernheim, 1884 S.Freud
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The Modern View for Neuroses 五个共同特征
1. The stress is related to the onset of neuroses
发病与心理因素相关；
2. The personality is an importance although it is not grossly abnormal
个性特征突出；
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The Modern View for Neuroses
五个共同特征
3. Neuroses are not caused by any kind of organic brain disorders
分类
Phobia 恐惧症 Anxiety disorder 焦虑症 Obsessive-compulsive disorder 强迫症 Hypochondriasis 疑病症 Neurasthenia 神经衰弱 Hysteria 癔症 Other 其他
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The epidemiology
Treatment
1. drugs；
2. behavior therapy
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Hypochondriasis
疑病症
Clinical picture pain---head, lower lumbar region worries about
“medical students’ illness”
Panic attack 惊恐发作 Generalized anxiety disorder
广泛性焦虑症
Treatment
1. drugs 药物 2. relaxation training 放松训练
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Obsessive-compulsive neurosis
强迫症
Clinical picture
无相应的器质病变;
4. The social function is normal on the whole
社会功能相对完好;
5. The neurotic patients do lose insight
自知力充分.
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The Classification of Neuroses