被动语态(主动和被动语态的转换)

基本转换

被动语态

主动和被动语态的转换

转换方式：①将主动语态的宾语改为被动语态的主语；②将主动语态的谓语动词改为“be

＋动词的过去分词done”结构；③将主动语态的主语改为介词 by 之后的宾语，放在谓语动词之后（有时可省略）。

例句：Ironman hits Spiderman every day. 钢铁侠每天打蜘蛛侠。

→_Spiderman is hit by Ironman everyday.

动词短语变为被动语态

许多由不及物动词构成的动词短语，相当于及物动词，可以有宾语也可以有被动语态。

转换方式：动词短语是一个不可分割的整体，在变为被动语态时，不可丢掉构成动词短语的介词和副词。

例句：He always takes care of his sister. 他总是照顾他的妹妹。

→His sister is always taken care of by him.

带宾语和宾语补足语的动词变为被动语态

转换方式：变被动语态时，只把宾语变为被动句的主语，宾语补足语保留在原处，成为主语补足语。

例句：All the villagers painted the houses white. 所有村民都把房子涂成了白色。

→The_houses are painted white by all the villagers.

双宾语改为被动语态

转换方式：谓语动词带双宾语时，既可将间接宾语转化成主语，也可将直接宾语转化成主语。方式一：若将间接宾语转化成主语，则保留直接宾语；方式二：若将直接宾语转化为主语则保留间接宾语，且在被保留的间接宾语前加上介词 to 或 for。

例句：He gave her some books. 他给了她一些书。

→She was given some books by him.（间接宾语转化主语）

→Some books were given her by him.（直接宾语转化为主语）

主动结构表示被动含义

1.open, lock, write, read, sell, clean, wash 等词作不及物动词且它们的主语为物时，

可用主动语态表示被动意义，用来描述主语特征。

例句：The door won't lock．这个门锁不上。This

kind of cloth washes well. 这种布很好洗。

2.look, smell, sound, taste 等系动词用主动形式表示被动意义。

例句：I think the fish must taste good. 我认为这个鱼肯定尝起来很棒。Your

reason sounds reasonable. 你的理由听起来很充分。

3.want/ need/ require +doing 相当于want/ need/ require + to be done。

例句：The house needs repairing.这房子需要修理。

→_The house needs to be repaired. _

练习：选择题（共 8 小题）

1．—What's the meaning of the activity "Let's Save"？

—Paper shouldn't in everyday life．（）

A．waste B．wasted C．be wasted D．is wasted

2．The Dongying-Hainan airline for about 5 months．I have taken the flights three times．（）

A．is open B．has opened C．has

been open D．has been opened

3．My house when you visited Beijing last time，so I didn't invite you to my home．（）A．was being decorated B．is being decorated C．has

been decorated D．was decorated

4．My e﹣mail_ _to you last night．Have you received it_ ？（）A．sent；yet B．is sent；already C．was sent；yet

5．In the past few years，thousands of films all over the world．（）A．have produced B．have been produced

C．are producing D．are being produced

6．—It's difficult for the village children to cross the river for school．

—I think a bridge over the river．（）

A．should be built B．is being built

C．has been built D．was built

7．The World Expo（世博会）in Shanghai now．（）

A．being had B．is having

C．is holding D．is being held

8．Now it's much easier to shop online when your order is ready，the things you want to buy to you soon．（）

A．send B．were sent C．are sending D．will be sent