汉英笔译 翻译第二章 汉英文化比较

“白象”牌电池－ “White Elephant” brand battery

“芳草”牌牙膏－ “Fang Cao” Brand tooth paste “金三角”经济开发区—— a special economic development zone; a “Golden Triangle”

意译：
皮蛋
粽子 盲流 拔火罐
皮蛋：preserved
egg 粽子: a pyramid-shaped dumpling made of glutinous rice wrapped in bamboo or reed leaves 盲流：jobless migrants from rural areas to cites 拔火罐：cupping
贵。 What he seeks is truth, and what she hankers after is nothing but high position and great wealth.
其实中年人是人生盛华的开始，不应贪
婪，不应享受。
In
actual fact, middle age represents the prime of one’s life, allowing no indolence, no selfindulgence. ( not “enjoy one’s life”)



套译法

眼见为实 自投罗网 事实胜于雄辩 嗤之以鼻 熟能生巧 乱七八糟 东张西望


眼见为实: seeing is believing 自投罗网: throw oneself into the trap 事实胜于雄辩: facts speak louder than words 嗤之以鼻: turn up one’s nose at 熟能生巧: practice makes perfect 乱七八糟: at sixes and sevens 东张西望: look right and left


文化是语言活动
语言是文化的载
的大环境。
体

一 词汇中的文化 属于概念意义的空缺而产生翻译障碍的例子如下： 女娲、八股文、旗袍、拨浪鼓、太极拳等等。

音译：
功夫 太极 风水 乌龙茶 阴阳 馄饨 Biblioteka Baidu头
音译：
功夫 Kong Fu 太极 Taichi (Taiji) 风水 Feng Shui 乌龙茶 oolong 阴阳 the Ying-yang(yin-yang) 馄饨wonton 叩头kowtow


胸有成竹 He has long had fully-grown bamboo in his bosom. He has long had a well-thought-out plan in his mind.

我国机电产品今年前9个月出口为6543亿美元。


“白象”牌电池－ “Baixiang”或“Silver Elephant”．

“芳草”牌牙膏－ “Fragrant Grass”．
“金三角”经济开发区—— “Golden Delta

False
friends eat one's words white coffee/black coffee Chinese rose American Beauty From China to Peru

文化意义是指词语概念意义之外的、能产生联想的 内涵意义。具有概念意义和文化意义双重意义的词 语往往构成翻译的主要障碍。

农民（忠厚朴实）--peasant / farmer
宣传（中性词）-- propaganda / popularize, publicize



他追求的是真理，而她追求的是荣华富

热锅上的蚂蚁－ a cat on hot bricks 挂羊头卖狗肉－cry up wine and sell vinegar 落汤鸡－as wet as a drowned rat


成语意译法 归心似箭 手忙脚乱 立竿见影 噤若寒蝉 牵肠挂肚 快马加鞭 藕断丝连 五光十色

False friends Dutch treat French leave castle in Spain Greek gift Turkish towel a bad sailor /a good sailor under the weather


parkway

他是个“气管炎”。 He


P20
一
概念意义和文化意义完全相同 二 概念意义对应，文化意义空缺 三 概念意义相同，语用意义不同



直译：原文中的概念意义和文化意义,形象和寓意 同时传达到译文中. ( P21) 丢脸—lose face 老手—an old hand 祸不单行—Misfortunes never come singly. 浑水摸鱼—to fish in troubled waters 花钱如流水—to spend money like water
货币符号+数字 USD654.3 billion RMB654.3 billion HKD JPY EUR GBP



归心似箭: 手忙脚乱: 立竿见影: 噤若寒蝉: 牵肠挂肚: 快马加鞭: 藕断丝连:


be very anxious to return home in a frantic rush get instant results keep quiet be full of anxiety and worry speed up have not cut relations completely 五光十色: multicolored


一寸光阴一寸金 临阵磨枪 对牛弹琴 雨后春笋 谋事在人成事在天

一寸光阴一寸金: an inch of time ia an inch of gold 临阵磨枪: sharpen one’s spear only before going into battle 对牛弹琴: play the harp to a bull (套译：To cast pearls before swine) 雨后春笋: like bamboo shoots after a spring shower 谋事在人成事在天: Man proposes, God disposes
birthday feast ( a special ceremony held after a baby has been one month old ) into the sea of
下海：jumpimg
business
这对年轻夫妇并不般配，一个是西施，
一个是张飞。
This
young couple is not well matched, one is a Xi Shi --- a famous Chinese beauty, while a Zhang Fei --- a well-known illtempered brute.
Prepared by Yellow Pink
road1008@163.com
English-Chinese Translation, Yellow Pink
汉英文化比较
搞好翻译不仅仅要语言基本功扎实，
而且要有很好的文化素养。

一 文化 广义文化：人类社会历史实践过程中所创造的物质 财富和精神财富的总和。 狭义文化：社会意识形态以及与之相适应的制度和 组织机构。
北大荒 the Great Northern Wilderness 灯影牛肉 shadow beef （Stewed Thin Beef Slices） 希望工程 Hope Project 一国两制 one country, two systems

直译加注 / 文内加注
满月酒
下海
满月酒：one-month-old

直译：
易经 号脉 京剧 春卷 北大荒 灯影牛肉 希望工程 一国两制
易经 Book of Changes 号脉 feel the pulse 京剧 Peking Opera 春卷 spring roll (a thin sheet of dough, rolled, stuffed and fried)
suffers from tracheitis. (false friend) He is a hen-pecked man.

汉语和英语中的成语，谚语和比喻手段在结构、语义 和用法上受文化环境的制约．其交际价值在于语用意 义，在理解上已超出了文字的本意．
打草惊蛇——to beat about the bush 同舟共济——to be in the same boat 翻天覆地——to move heaven and earth 扯后腿——to pull somebody’s leg