语言学考试范围

I. Term definition (5*3’=15)

Arbitrariness: There is no inherent connection between meaning and form.

2. Syntax is a branch of linguistics that studies how words are combined to form sentences and the rules that govern the formation of sentences.

3.The study of the use of English in context falls under the category of pragmatics.

4. Context refers to the preceding and following linguistics items for a given word or sentence.

5. Illocutionary act refers to the intended act behind saying something.

6.phonology is concerned with the exploration of the patterns governing sound combinations.

7. The Modesty Maxim: minimize praise of self; maximize dispraise of self (self-perspective)

8. Semantics can be simply defined as the study of language meaning.

9. phoneme: a phoneme is a sound that is semantically or functionally distinctive in language system.

10. illocutionary act: the intended act behind saying something

11. Phone: Language can be used to talk about what happened in the past, what is happening at present, or what will happen in the future. Also, we can use language to refer to things no matter how far away they are or whether they are present or absent.

12. Morpheme: the smallest perceptible discrete segment of sound in a stream of speech is called a phone.

13. Deictic or indexical expressions: the smallest unit of meaning.

14. Endophoric reference: the study of language in use.

15. Antonymous: the intended act behind saying something.

ⅡState whether each of the following sentences is true (T) or false (F).(15*2’=30) 1.There is universal agreement about the origin of language.( )

2.Pet dogs can speak human language. ( )

3. All human infants can speak some language. ( )

4. The same set of vowels is used in all languages. ( )

5. English is a tone language. ( )

6. The marking of word stress is arbitrary for the most part in English. ( )

7. Every English sentence has a subject. ( )

8. Every English paragraph contains a topic sentence, supporting details and a summary sentence. ( )

9. In order for two neighboring sentences to be cohesive, one must use some explicit

device to conjoin them. ( )

10.All syllables must contain at least one vowel. ( )

11. Not all English phonemes have allophones. ( )

12. Word order plays an important role in the organization of English sentences. ( )

13.By creativity we mean the creative use of language as often practiced by poets.

( )

14. With different cultures there will be different languages. ( )

15. Clipping is one of the three most important devices of word-formation in English.

( )

1.All human infants can speak some language. ( )

2.Pet dogs can speak human language. ( )

3. With different cultures there will be different languages. ( )