自考商务英语翻译汉译英

Lesson171.第一次世界大战以前,金本位制建立了固定汇率制,每个国家通过将本国货币与黄金挂钩来确定的平价.Before the First World War ,the gold standard created a fixed exchange rate system as each country pegged the value of its currency to gold to establish its par values.2.1944年44国在美国布雷顿森森林举行仁义签署了协议,计划在世界贸易和货币方面实现更好的合作.In 1994,44 nationas held a conference at Bretton Woods,U.S.A,to plan better cooperation in world trade and currency matter.3.弹性汇率制从没有真正地”干净”或自由地浮动过.因为中央银行为了稳定汇率采取了各种措施对货币价格进行干涉.The flexible exchange rate system has never been clean float or free float,because the central bank takes various measures to intervene in the price of its currency in order to stabilize the exchange rate.4.在特定条件下,提高利率可以吸引国外短期资金,提高一国的外汇汇率.Under specific conditions, high interest rate will attract short—term international fund,increasing the exchange rate of one’s own currency.5.外汇汇率有三种形式,即:买进汇率,售出汇率和两者的平均值---中间汇率.There are three types of foreign exchange price namely:the buying rate,the selling rate and average of the previous two the medial rate.Lesson181.这些机构的共同目标是通过把发达国家的资金输送到发展中国家帮助这些国家提高生活水平.The common objective of these insititutions is to help raise standards of living in developing countries by channeling financial resources to them form developed countries.2.国际复兴开发银行的资金有相当大一部分来自它的留存盈余以及偿还贷款的不断流入.A substantial contribution to the IBRD’s resources comes from its retained earnings and theflow of repayments on its loans.3.该银行的贷款是向处于经济和社会发展较高阶段的发展中国家提供的.The loans of IBRD are directed toward developing countries at more advanced stages of economic and social growth.4.国际货币基金组织旨在向那些在付款方面有困难的基金会员国提供中期贷款.The purpose of IMF is to provide medium term loans to those members with payment difficulties.5.为了承担这项使命,多边投资担保机构向投资者提供担保以防范非商业性风险,向发展中成员国政府提供咨询,并为国际商业界与东道国政府就投资问题安排对话.To undertake this mission ,MIG offers investors guarantees against noncommercial risks ,advises developing member governments on policies and sponsors dialogues between the international business community and host governments on investment issues.Lesson191.对外直接投资是国际投资的主要方式,一国居民为进行督控和经营通过对外资获取另一国的资产Foreign direct investment is the major form of international investment, whereby residents of country acquire assets in a foreign country for the purpose of controlling and managing them.2.控制成本是一些企业进行对外投资的主要动机之一.而降低生产成本是考虑的一个重要方面.Controlling costs is one of the major motivations for some enterprises to engage in FDI .And lowering production costs is an important consideration.3.直接在国外经营提高一个公司产品的能见度,使当地客户对他们所购买的商品更加放心.Operating directly abroad enhances the visibility of a firm’s products,making local customers feel more assured about the things they buy.4.即时库存管理系统的引进能最大限度地降低库存从而提高经营效率.The introduction of JIT inventory management system can minimize the inventory of the stock so as to increase the efficiency of the operation.5.国外直接投资主要有三种形式:建立新企业购买现有设施和建立合资公司.FDI is mainly practiced in three forms:Building new enterprises,purchasing existing facilities and forming joint ventures.LESSON 201.选择权是指在特定的时间内按规定的价格购买或出售一种证券的权利.Options are contracts giving the right to buy or sell a security at an agreed price within a particular period of time.2.未挂牌证券市场是为了满足已经确立了地位的,但是较小的,而且不太成熟的公司的需求而建立的.The unlisted securities market is to meet the needs of established,but smaller,less mature companies.3.政府满足公共部门借贷需求的方法之一就是出售金边证券.One of the ways the government meets the public Sector Borrowing Requirement is by selling gilt—edged stocks.4.通过为证券的发行和交易提供中心市场,股票交易所长期为政府,工业以及投资商的需求服务.The stock Exchange has long served the needs of government,industry and investors in providing the central market place for the issuing and trading of securities.5.国际股票交易所提供了一种途径,使人们的存款能够为那些需要资金的人所利用.The International Stock Exchange provideds a channel through which the savings can reach those who need finance.LESSON 211.关贸总协定体系(现为世界贸易组织)是通过一系列的贸易谈判或回合发展起来的,它最初有三个基本目标.The GATT system(now WTO)was developed through a series of trade negotiations or rounds.It originally had three basic goals.2.加入世界贸易组织对中国有益,因为它将促进中国的改革和发展,提高商品和服务的质量,降低商品成本和服务费用,刺激投资和创造就业机会,改善法制.China’s WTO accession will benefit China because it will help advance its reform and development,improve the quality and reduce the cost of goods and services,spur investment and the creation of new jobs,and promote the rule of law.3.世界贸易组织的主要目的是为了促进自由贸易,进一步减少贸易壁垒并建立更有效的贸易纠纷解决机制.The WTO dispute settlement system is the most active one today at the international level andhas tremendous importance for the progressive development of international law.4.WTO争端解决机制是当今国际水准上的最为活跃的体系而且对国际法的持续发展具有重大的意义.The WTO dispute settlement system is the most active one today at the international level and has tremendous importance for the progressive development of international law .5.尽管中国取得了很大的成就,但仍然面临巨大的挑战.一部分挑战和竞争来自农业,银行业和保险业,还有一部分来自于一些国家所采取的贸易保护主义措施.Despite all the achievements,China still faces big challenges.Some of the challenges and competition are from the agricultural sector and banking and insurance industries. And some are caused by the protectionist measures in some countries.LESSON 221.尽管第一次会议没有制定出具体目标,联合国贸易和发展会议的总任务是制定,协商和实施改善发展进程的措施.Although no specific objectives were laid down at the first conference,the general target of UNCTAD is to formulate,negotiate and implenment measures to improve the development process.2.在没有有效协议的情况下,一旦出口收入下降,应立即采用强制的各自动的补救措施.In the absence of effective agreements,compulsory and automatic compensatory measure should be introduced as soon as there is a decline in export earnings.3.实际上西方国家在使低收入国家繁荣起来的同时,其对这些国家的出口将增加,因此也能获得经济效益.The western nations would,in fact,also have an economic interest when they are bringing prosperity to the low—income countries,since their exports to these countries would thus be stepped up .4.国际经济新秩序主要是要求发达国家提供更多的现金和贸易方面的优惠.The new international economic order is mainly a demand for more cash and trade concessions from the developed countries.5.贸易和发展理事会是联合国贸易和发展会议的常设机构.A Trade and Development Board is the permanent organ of the United Nations Conference onTrade and Development..。