西方文化导论Unit
西方文化导论
Western Culture: An Introduction（西方文化导论）Chapter 1 Culture in Ancient Greece （古希腊文化）1.Cradle of western civilization （西方文明的摇篮）---Ancient Greek“We are all Greeks.”------Percy Bysshe Shelley (珀西·比希·雪莱)When Shelley said “We are all Greeks”, he is expressing his buy-in（认同）to the then current belief that European culture could trace its roots back （追根溯源于）to the Greek ideals and customs. This would include everything: architecture, education, medicine, our basic myths and memes, government, etc.2.Phases of development )（发展阶段）Delphi 特尔斐(希腊古都)Three Ages:ca.3000-1200 BC, the Heroic Age（英雄时代）(ca. 1200-750 BC), the Greek City-State （希腊城邦）and the Persian Wars（波斯战争）(ca. 750-480 BC), the Golden Age （黄金时代）(Ca. 480-430 BC).Bronze Age Civilizations of the Aegean (ca. 3000-1200 BC):1.1Minoan[miˈnəuən] civilization 克里特文明flourished between 2000-1400 BC, when itseems to be absorbed or destroyed by the Mycenaeans.The most famous of the leg ends of Minoan culture is Minotaur [ˈmaɪnətɔ:(r)] 人身牛头怪/弥诺陶洛斯, a being “part man and part bull”.Where did the Renaissance start with the flowering of paintings, sculpture and architecture?In Florence 佛罗伦萨（意大利都市名）and Venice()意大利港市.1.2Mycenae[maiˈsi:ni:]迈锡尼/Mycenaean [maisiˈni:ən] culture (ca. 1600-1200).By 1600 BC, the Mycenaeans had established themselves in the Aegean（爱琴海）.Around 1200 BC, the Mycenaeans attacked Troy, a commercial stronghold on the northwest coast of Asia Minor小亚细亚半岛. The ten-year-long war between Mycenae and Troy would provide the historical context for the Iliad [ˈɪliəd] （伊利亚特）and the Odyssey [ˈɒdəsi]（奥赛德）. ------ Homer（荷马）, the blind Greek poetTrojan war (特洛伊战争)------ Penelope’s web 珀涅罗珀的织物；故意拖延的策略；永远做不完的工作1.2.1The Heroic Age (ca. 1200-750 BC): after 1200 BC, more powerful, iron-bearing tribes of Dorians (多利亚人约于前1200-1000年间从巴尔干半岛北部迁入希腊，后来建立了斯巴达（Sparta）、科林斯（Corinth）、阿尔戈斯（Argos）等城邦，更多时候是作为入侵者和征服者被看待，荷马认为其野蛮黑暗), a Greek-speaking people from the north, destroyed Mycenaean civilization.Peloponnesian Wars 伯罗奔尼撒战争(431-404 BC)between Athens(雅典) and Sparta(斯巴达)；Years of internal wars weakened the once powerful Greek city-states of Sparta, Athens, Thebes（底比斯）, and Corinth（科林斯）. Philip II of Macedonia （马其顿）(northern Greece) rose to power and, in 338 BC, he rode south and conquered the cities of Thebes and Athens, uniting most of Greece under his rule. Upon Philip II ‘s death, his son, Alexander the Great（亚历山大大帝）, took control and proceeded to conquer all of the lands between Greece and India including Egypt.After the death of Alexander in 323 BC, Macedonia was defeated by Roma（罗马）at the Battleof Cynoscephalae（基诺斯山战役）in 197 BC and then again at the Battle of Pydna（皮德纳战役）in 168 BC. The Greeks were finally defeated at the Battle of Corinth in 146 BC. Rome completely destroyed and plundered（掠夺）the city of Corinth as an example to other Greek cities.1.2.2The Greek City-State and the Persian Wars (ca. 750-480 BC)In 490 BC, Battle of Marathon 马拉松战役In 480 BC, Battle of the Hot Gates and Battle of Salamis 萨拉米斯海战Persian Wars(希波战争): Herodotus 希罗多德(ca. 485-425 BC), the father of history 历史之父。
西方文化导论Unit1PPT精品文档
Comprehension Exercises
Multiple choice. (4) The Trojan War broke out at the end of ____.
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A. the Heroic Age B. the Golden Age C. the Cretan Civilization D. the Mycenaean Civilization
(1) Draco (2) Cleisthenes (3) Peisistratus (4) Solon (5) Pericles
a. supreme council check the behavior of leaders
b. punish trivial crimes with the death sentence
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Comprehension Exercises
_F_ (1) The play Oedipus at Colonus was written by Aristophanes. _F_ (2) Greek philosophy started with Aristotle. _T_ (3) The famous bronze sculpture of athletes, Discus Thrower,
Aristotle.
Comprehension Exercises
Multiple choice.
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Comprehension Exercises
(5) The first Olympiad began in the ____ period of the Golden Age.
西方文化导论Unit5
(1) The early medieval literature was represented by _p_o_e_m_s_, particularly by _h_y_m_n_s_ expressing the intense religious feelings of love of God.
A. the modern era
B. the Middle Ages
C. the new period
D. the Renaissance
Comprehension Exercises
Multiple choice.
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Comprehension Exercises
(2) The barbarous tribes included Celts, Germans and _______.
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Supplementary Resources
Comprehension Exercises
Multiple choice.
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Comprehension Exercises
(1) After the last Roman emperor was overthrown by the German mercenary troops, the European civilization moved into _____.
of the latter’s strong influence on the barbarous tribes.
_F_ (2) Edda is a collection of Germanic myths which provides the
西方文化导论Unit.pptx
_F_ Press de France Nouvelle.
5. Jazz was initially influenced by two kinds of Negro music: ragtime and blues.
_T_
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Text Study _4_3333 Comprehension Exercises
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Comprehension Exercises
Multiple choice.
(1) Impressionism got its name from ________famous painting Impression: Sunrise.
A. Pissarro’s B. Monet’s C. van Gogh’s D. Paul Gauguin’s
Hofmann, who benefited from the movements like cubism,
_fa_u_v_i_s_m_ and expressionism.
3. Action painting is a branch of a_b_s_t_ra_c_t_e_x_p_r_e_s_s_io_n_is_m__ .
Comprehension Exercises
Fill in the blanks.
1. _N_e_w__Y_o_rk__ became a new centre of world art during and after
the WWII, taking over from Paris.
2. One of the representative of abstract expressionism is Hans
Unit10西方文化导论课件
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In a way the change of the cultural and intellectual climate in this period had something to do with romanticism and cultural trend of the time. More radical modes of creation appeared, first in poetry and then spread to other forms of writing and art. They were more rebellious, more radical, more opposed to tradition and social reality and more concerned with their own forms of subjective representation. Such a changed approach moved eventually into modernism.
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Modernism was born at the turn of the 20th century and swept many countries. Many social and psychological problems found expression in cultural and literary form, thus representing the real mood and emotion of the ordinary people in the West who were torn by countless troubles arising out of the social, political and cultural contradictions and clashes.
Unit8 西方文化导论
Main Ideas
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Romanticism was a reaction against the Enlightenment and against the 18th-century rationalism and materialism in general. It began as early as Rousseau. He held that human natural feelings pointed to the right direction while reason would lead man astray. Under Rousseau’s influence, romanticism became discernible first in France, and its substantial achievements were made in Germany and England.
The 18th-century Enlightenment firmly established the rational capacity of the Europeans. But by the end of the century and into the early part of the 19th century, people began to realize that man is an emotional and organic individual. Therefore, the man of reason became the new man
Generally realism is based on the mode of reproducing reality, while romanticism focuses on emotion and nature and ontological naturalism refers more to reality being limited to the observable world.
Unit5西方文化导论
Interpretation of Cultural Terms
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Interpretation of Cultural Terms
Interpretation of Cultural Terms
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serfdom 奴隶制: a social system of production in which labourers are bound to work for an estate, rather than being owned by the lord of that estate and could choose to work elsewhere though few would do so in reality
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However, the intellectual decline and retarded social development of the Middle Ages also brought forward some notable personal ties, events and achievements in cultural and social affairs. They made up for a long and tortuous interval before the dawn of the modern age, which was marked by the arrival of the Renaissance in the 14th -15th centuries.
Culture and Politics
Main Ideas
Main Ideas
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Unit7西方文化导论
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The foremost figures in the Enlightenment were a group of French thinkers known as philosophers. The preeminent member of this group was the writer, historian, and poet Voltaire. He emerged as the Enlightenment’s chief critic of contemporary culture and religion. Another important member of this group was Jean Jacques Rousseau, whose writings greatly influenced the political thinking of the time. Also influential were the writings of Charles, Baron de Montesquieu, who challenged the idea of rule by a monarch and championed individual freedom. The philosopher Denis Diderot, in collaboration with Jean D’Alembert, planned and edited a multivolume encyclopedia designed to include all realms of knowledge. Many of the entries were written by other philosophies.
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Comprehension Exercises
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Comprehension Exercises
Multiple choice.
3. _________refers to a kind of usually avant-garde or conceptual art as early as in the 1960s, which often challenges the audience to think in new and unconventional ways.
Comprehension Exercises
True or false questions.
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Comprehension Exercises
_F_1. The end of the two world wars brought real sense of security and stability to the West.
A. Performance art
B. B. Impressionism
C. C. Photo-realism
D. D. Futurism
Comprehension Exercises
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Comprehension Exercises
Multiple choice.
4. Which of the following artists does not belong to the school of Impressionism in painting?
A. Manet.
B. B. Monet. C. C. Cezanne.
D. D. Piccasso.
Comprehension Exercises
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Comprehension Exercises
Multiple choice.
5. Who initiated the ideals of the expressionist movement in modern music?
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Comprehension Exercises
Multiple choice.
(1) Impressionism got its name from ________famous painting Impression: Sunrise.
A. Pissarro’s B. C. B. Monet’s D. E. C. van Gogh’s F. G. D. Paul
Interpretation of Cultural Terms
Interpretation of Cultural Terms
ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ
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performance art 行为艺术: A term referring to a kind of usually avant-garde or conceptual art which grew out of the visual arts and began to be identified in the 1960s. Performance art is unconventional and often challenges the audience to think in new and unconventional ways.
_T_ 2. In the midst of the 1950s and 1960s, Western society was on the threshold of drastic transformation from the phase of postwar recovery to an industrial and commercial boom.
_F_ 5. In the post-war period, Protestantism has become more open and more popular to the public, while Catholicism has stuck
to conventions.
Comprehension Exercises
A. Arnold Schoenberg.
B. B. Igor Stravinsky. C. D. C. Claude Debussy.
E. F. D. Paul Hindemith.
Comprehension Exercises
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Comprehension Exercises
True or false questions.
_T_ 1. Cinema has greatly changed the ways of living in the West since its invention by Thomas Edison in 1894.
_F_ 2. Hollywood consolidated and expanded its position by producing more popular films after the 1970s, which was called its “Golden Age”.
_T_ 3. Postmodernism is both an reaction against modernism and a successor to modernism.
_T_ 4. Existentialism had widespread dissemination and acclaim after WWII.
Gauguin’s
Comprehension Exercises
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Comprehension Exercises
Multiple choice. 2. __________is called “the father of the modern painting”.
A. Paul Gauguin B. Paul Cezanne C. van Gogh D. Degas