定语从句学案练习.doc
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只能放在从句中动词的后面。例
如
定语从句讲解与练习
一、 定语从句的概念 在复合句中,修饰 的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫 ,定语从句一般放在先行词的。 二、 定语从句的关系词
引导定语从句的关系词有 和,常见的关系代词包括 ___________________________________ ,
, (宾格whom,所有格whose )等,关系副词包括 __________________ , ________ ,
等。关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起,同时又作 定语从句
的重要成分。
三、 定语从句的分类
根据定语从句与先行词的关系,定语从句可分为 及 。限制性定语从句紧跟先行词,主句与从句不用逗号分开,从句不可 省去,
非限制性定语从句主句与从句之间有逗号分开,起 作用,如省去,意 思仍完整。 四、 关系代词的用法 1. t hat 既可以用于指也可以用于指—。在从句中作 _____________ 或,作主语时不 可省略,作宾语可省略。例如:
Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle.玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。
(that 作)
The coat (that ) I put on the desk is blue.我放在桌子上的那件
外套是蓝色的。 (that 作 )
2. which 用于指物,在句中作主语或宾语,作主语不可省略,作宾语可省
略。例如:
The building which stands near the train station is a
supermarket.位于火车 站附近的那座大楼是一家超市。(作)
The film (which ) we saw last night was wonderful.我们昨天晚上看的那部电 影很好看。(作 ) 3. wha whom 用于指人who 用作主语,whom 用作宾语。在口语中,有时可用
who 代替whom, 也可省略。例如:
The girl who often helps me with my English is from England.经
常在英语方面 帮助我的那个女孩是英国人。(作主语)
Who is the teacher (whom ) Li Ming is talking to?正在与李明谈话的老师是 谁?(作宾语) 注意:(1)当定语从句中含有介词,介词放在句末时, who, that, which 可省略,但 介词在关系代词前时,只能用“”结构。例如:
This is the person whom you are
looking for. (3) that 作介词的宾语时,介词不能放它的前面, The city that she lives in is very far away.她居住的城市非常
远。
(4)关系词只能用that 的情况:
a. 先行词被 或 所修饰,或本身是、、形 容词最高级时,只能用 that,而不用which.例如: He was the first person that passed the exam.他是第一个通过考试
的人。 b. 被修饰的先行词为? _____________ ? ? _______________ , ? anything, none, the one 等不定代词时,只能用that,而不用which.例如: Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop? c. 先行词被, , the same, the last, little, few 等词修 饰时,只能用that,而不用 which.例如:
This is the same bike that I lost.
d. 先行词里同时含有—或—时,只能用 that,而不用which.例如:
I can remember we11 the persons and some pictures that I saw in
the room.
e. 以who 或which 引导的特殊疑问句,为避免重复,只能用that.例如:
Who is the girl that is crying?
f. 主句是 there be 结构,修饰主语的定语从句用 that,而不用which.
例如:
There is a book on the desk that belongs to Tom. (5)关系词只能用which,而不用that 的情况: a. 先行词为,时,用which,而不用that.例如:
What 's that which is under the desk?
b. 关系代词前有介词时,一般用which,而不用that.例如:
This is the room in which he lives.
C.引导 定语从句,用which,而不用that.例如: Tom came back, which made us happy. 五、关系副词的用法
定语从句专项练习题
(1) when 指时间,其先行词表示,在句中作时间状语。例如: This was the time when he arrived. (2) _______________________________ w here 指地点,其先行词表示 ,在句中作地点状语。例如:
This is place where he works.
(3) why 指原因,其先行词是,起原因状语作用。例如: Nobody knows the reason why he is often late for school.
T his is the hous e in whic h we live d last year.
P leas e tell me from whom you borr owed the Engl ish nove l.
(2)含有介词