空管英语标准答案OPI 9
管制员英语等级测试机考评卷标准
管制员英语等级测试机考评卷标准1、评分原则1)严格执行ICAO评分标准管制员英语等级测试是民航英语语言能力的测试。
其特点包括：该测试测评考生的语言能力而不是民航背景知识或管制操作程序；该测试内容与民航英语有关；该测试评分标准以公布的ICAO评分量表中评分指标为准；该测试结果将会影响应考人员的就业、岗位更换、晋级、等。
管制员英语测试的目的是评估考生实际驾驭语言的能力；测试考生听力理解能力和口语交际能力的实际水平。
评估考生的语言能力主要参照ICAO评分量表中的六个评分指标：语音、语法、词汇、流利、理解、互动。
在机考评卷中参照ICAO评分量表中前五个评分指标（互动除外）的五个水平级别。
根据ICAO的相关规定，考生最终合成成绩为各项指标中的最低级别。
2)集中评卷为了规范评卷工作，使评卷过程中的问题能得到及时了解和解决，减少评卷过程中的误差，保证评卷质量；同时为了了解评卷进度，帮助评卷员掌握评卷标准，测试中心采取在评阅室集体评卷的方式。
集体评卷还有利于评卷工作的保密。
评卷室由一人保管钥匙，评卷计算机和服务器的密码均由一人负责。
3)随机作业评卷员评阅的试卷由计算机随机生成。
最大限度地实现评卷的公平和公正。
4)质量抽查由于每位评卷员有指定的计算机账号，且每位评卷员的评卷结果都存储在评阅计算机里，因此，评卷完成后，中心可随时对评卷员的评卷质量进行有效监控和质量抽查。
如对某一位考生的具体考试情况有疑问，可立即进行复查和核实。
2、机考评卷流程机考评分中客观题试卷由计算机自动评阅。
主观题则由计算机将各试卷随机生成后发送给评卷员的计算机终端，由评卷员通过计算机终端进行评卷。
客观题和主观题评卷完毕后，由计算机自动汇总生成考生的考试结果。
每次评卷前，所有评卷员都应复习评卷标准并进行试评，以期对每一位考生公正公平。
3、机考评分细则机考题题型有四种：选择题、故事复述、简答题、模拟通话。
每种题型评分细则如下：1）、选择题：共 15题，每题 2分，共计30分。
空管英语标准答案opi
1. Whi ch A TC u ni t d o y ou w or k in?你在那个空管部门工作？I work in Tower Control unit belonging to Xi'an Xian Yang international airport.2. What’ your position now and what’s the main responsibility of your position?现在你在什么岗位？你的岗位最重要的职责是什么？I am an instructor and I take charge of all the flights’ leaving and arriving.3.Have you ever received some training related to air traffic controlrecently? Could you say something about that?最近你们经常受到和空管有关系的一些培训是什么？你能谈谈吗？Yes, I have. I received the radar simulation training during my try-on period. That was the first time I got into some practical emergent situations. And, I do think I learned a lot in that training.Let’s talk about abnormal situations4. What kind of abnormal situations have you ever experienced in the past? 过去，什么类型的不正常情况是你经历过的？Well, almost everyone described in the text book: Radar failure, communication failure, TCAS and instrument failure, engine failure,windshield problem caused by bird strike , pressurization failure and decompression.5. According to your understanding, what are the main principles when dealing with abnormal situations?就你的理解，当不正常情况发生时，什么是最主要的准则？I think we must keep calm when talk with pilot through the transmitter, make sure the nature of emergency and pilot intention, maintain safety separation, and give pilot sufficient time and maximum support to workon their problem.6. What personality should an air traffic controller have when dealing with abnormal or emergency situations?当不正常情况或紧急情况发生时，作为一名空管员应具备什么样的品质？An air traffic controller must be clear minded and calm, for the controller is the very person who instruct the aircraft out of emergency.7. Do you have standard procedures for abnormal or emergency situations in your control unit? Could you please give an example? 在你的管制部门，有标准程序应对不正常或紧急事件吗？你能给举个例子吗？Yes, we have. When radar failure occurs, we advise aircraft radar failure and resume procedure control; Then, we establish procedure separation, report to radar maintenance man and leader; advise other control units radar failure and make the aircraft wait in their area according to radar failure procedure.8.Have you ever had trouble in communicating with foreign pilots whendealing with abnormal situations? If yes, how did you overcome the trouble to ensure flight safety?当不正常情况发生时，你感觉和国外机组通话有难度吗？如果是，你怎样战胜困难来确保飞行安全？Yes, I have. Sometimes it’s hard to understand the pilots because of their fast talking speed and unusual expression. Last time I met this situation, we repeated our sentences very slowly for many times until we could understand each other. To solve it, we must practice our spoken English and listening. Furthermore, both the pilots and we must use standard communication (to avoid any possible misunderstanding).9.Assume the flight crew report that one passenger onboard had a heartattack, how do you handle the situation when you are on duty?当你值班的时候，机组报告一位乘客的心脏病发作了，你应该如何处理？I should instruct priority landing or landing to alternative according to the pilot’s intention; Then, coordinate airforce make this flight direct to landing airport to save time, control other flight avoid and call ambulance wait at landing airport.Now, let’s change to the topic related to flow control10. What reasons may cause flow control?什么原因能导致流控？Well the reasons could manifold, for example: Bad weather , airforce traffic, and human factors.11. Do you think it is necessary to impose flow control?你认为利用流控的原因是什么？Yes, I do. It reduces the controllers’ working pressure and the route congestion to maintain safety.12. What consequences does flow control bring to controllers, airline companies, pilots and passengers respectively?流控给空管，航空公司，机组和旅客带来的后果分别是什么？Flow control can reduce the controllers pressure; but it increases airline companies cost, increase pilots’pressure by extending flying time, and annoy passengers by increasing waiting time.13. Who is responsible for making a decision to control traffic flow? 谁负责做出一个决定来控制交通流量?It’s the control unit who make it. They do it according to the nature of the airport.14. What factors should be taken into consideration when making a decision to control traffic flow?当做了一个管制流控决定时，什么因素将被考虑？It should not last too long otherwise there could be unexpected situations. On the other hand, important fights should be given priority.15. After a long delay on the ground because of flow control, pilots are likely to be anxious, how do you deal with their complaints and quarrels on your frequency?由于流控在地面被延误很长时间后，机长很焦急，你如何在你的波道里化解他们的抱怨和争吵？I should remain calm and patient. More importantly, I should make the pilots clearly informed with reason of flow control and the latest estimated departure time.。
空管英语标准答案OPI 10
OPI 101.Can you describe the job responsibility of an ATC controller?你能形容下作为一名管制员的责任吗？Well, the responsibility of ATC is to ensure safe takeoff, landing and flying, to improve air efficiency and to instruct flights out of emergency.2.What types of on-the-job training did you receive?你受到了什么类型的工作培训？I have received simulator training and English training and qualified controller training.3.Is it necessary for a controller to take simulator training every year? Why?每年都接受模拟机训练是重要的，为什么？Yes, it is . Because we can improve our control ability at abnormal situation and keep updated by doing so.Now let’s talk about belly landings.4.What are the possible reasons for making a belly landing?做机腹着陆的最重要原因是什么？The reasons could be manifold, but the most frequent one is mechanical failure leading to jammed landing gear.5.Which is more dangerous, belly landing or water ditching? Why?机腹着陆与水上迫降哪一种更危险？为什么？I think the former is more dangerous. Because belly landing may cause aircraft skid out the runway and fire even explosion on the runway..6.What help can ATC controllers provide to the flight crew when they request belly landing?当机组需要进行机腹着陆时，管制员能提供什么帮助？When the pilot request belly landing the ATC controllers should apply for fire engine, ambulance and foam carpet at the touchdown zone of the runway and control other flights return or alternative to avoid.7.Before making belly landing, many flights conduct low pass, in what way can low pass help belly landing?在做机腹着陆前，许多飞行员要进行低空通场，什么方法能使低空通场帮助到机腹着陆？During low pass, controller can conduct visual check on the landing gear. After the controller report the problem to the pilot, the pilot could make final decision.8.Is fuel dumping necessary before each belly landing? Why?在做机腹着陆之前需要放油吗？为什么？Yes, it is, because redundant fuel may be on fire or cause explosion in friction. Also,the fight may be over weight because of redundant fuel.8.What ground services may be needed when making a belly landing?当做机腹着陆时，什么地面保障服务是必要的？Foam carpet at the touchdown zone of the runway, fire engine and ambulance waiting at airport are important ground services for belly landing .The following questions are about emergency evacuation.10.Have you ever experienced or heard of emergency evacuation? Tell me about it.你曾经经历或听说过关于紧急疏散吗？告诉我关于它。
空管英语标准答案opi 7
1. When did you graduate from the university and what was your major at the university?你什么时候大学毕业的？你在学校时学的是什么专业？2. Do you think the knowledge you learned in the university helps you a lot in your work?你认为你在学校里学习的知识对你的工作有大的帮助吗？3.Do you enjoy your present job?你满意你现在的工作吗？Yes,I certainly do. You know, my job is full of challenge and interest.Now let’s talk about bad weather.4. Could you list some types of bad weather such as severe turbulence?你能列举出一些危险天气吗？例如严重颠簸。
Yep, for example: windshear, thunderstorm, snow, fog, ice on air, lightning and so on.5. Where do you get information about bad weather in your airspace?在你的空域中，你从哪里得到关于坏天气的信息？In my airspace I get the bad weather information from the weather radar, observation , pilot’s report and advise from weather unit.6. What problems could bad weather bring to your work?坏天气将给你的工作带来什么问题？I think it brings more workload because it’s closely related to traffic delay, heading change and takeoff abortion.7. Have you ever experienced any extremely bad weather while you were on duty? Please say something about it.当你值班时，你经历过任何极端恶劣的天气吗？请讲一讲关于这件事吧。
管制员OPI问题汇总
民航管制员OPI面试问题汇总同批次阅卷时，若两份录音答案完全一致，被挂概率很高。
故该汇总答案大部分仅提供核心词汇句型，以及逻辑框架，避免考生所背答案完全一致。
希望大家日常根据框架和单词，多做自我发挥练习，尤其是报考人工OPI的伙伴。
本汇总集中了新老OPI中疑难题，排除了warm up和简单内容1.How much do you know about PBN？……learn about PBN from books and trainings……it is short for perform ance based navigation……it is a advanced concept in civil aviation……the operational criteria of PBN depends on the accuracy of navigation……2.Could you tell something about the advantages of PBN?……lots of advantages compared with the old navigational method…………cut off the excessive economy cost…………allow for more efficient use of airspace…………meet the noise abatement procedure…………improve the fuel efficiency……3.Do you have any PBN procedures in your area？Yes……there are……international flight routes with PBN procedures……however, the design of the procedure is not efficient as we expected……it is the exact copy of the original procedure……as so far……do not improve efficient use of airspace……do not expedite the air flow4. What is the difference between Non-precision approach and precision approach?……learn some expertise concerning Non-precision approach and precision approach from relevant material. There are many differences between them.Precision approach：vertical guidance, horizontal guidance……Non-precision approach：does not have……In addition……The minimum criteria of Non-precision approach：MDA, cloud celling , and visibility.……the minimum criteria of precision approach ：DA and RVR……DA is short for decision altitude. At this altitude, if the pilot can establish visual reference, he will continue approach; otherwise he must commence missed approach without hesitation.MDA is short for minimum descent altitude. At this altitude, if the pilot can n ot establish visual reference, he must maintain present level until reaching the specific point; then he can execute missed approach.5. Since the precision approach is advanced, why do some airports use non-precision approach as well?………especially small airports.Many reasons contribute to it.One of my classmates works at an small airport that also uses Non-precision approach.He told me that the huge economy cost of precision approach is one of the reasons.It is widely known to us that VOR/DME, or NDB is much cheaper than ILS.In addition , the meteorological condition of that airport is always CAVOK.The MDA, cloud celling, and visibility ……Besides, the number of flight in this airport is only ……all day.Therefore, the airport authority believes that there is no need ……6. If the pilot insists on commencing Non-precision approach in the marginal weather condition, what should you do ?There are many steps that…………inquire of the meteorological forecast unit about weather trend.……inform the pilot of the details.……tell our supervisor and relevant units ,such as……， about the adequate information, especially the pilot's intention.the captain has the final say about decision regarding flight safety.……if the pilot continue insisting on Non-precision approach, we must issue the clearance.In my eyes……each airline has its own regulations involving such event.different companies have different criteria.the responsibility of controller is to provide adequate information for pilots.7. Do you know what is RVSM ？……is short for " Reduced Vertical Separation Minimum "the range……from 8900 meters to 12500 metersmoreov er, the vertical separation ……600 meters to 300 meters8.What would you do if a non-RVSM aircraft enters RVSM airspace?tell a storya military A/C ……IL76……have not the qualification of RVSMbut its assigned level ……9500 meters…………provide ……600 meters or above……inform the adjacent control unit…………keep close watch……9. Why should RVSM be carried out ?as of now, the surging number of A/C ……limited capacity of airspace ……long-standing problemwith the development of technology……accuracy of height-keeping ……RVSM is the effictive method to sort out ……on one hand, ……improve the capacity of airspace……on the other hand, ……expedite air flow……10. Do you know what is CDM？……stands for " Collaborate Decision Making System "……advanced system…………specific FAA program…………cutting-edge technology…………widely used in many control units……recently, ……put into use ……in our unit11 .Could you list some benefits of CDM ?as you know, our unit do not have CDMtherefore, I do not have a good knowledge of itbut ……learn from some relevant material……improve the overall efficiency of airport operations……cut down the excessive traffic delay caused by multiple reasons……relieve the workload of air traffic management units……has a strong foot in accelerating steps of automatic……12.What does ATIS consist of？……Automatic Terminal Information Services…………continuous broadcast facility…………weather information,including temperature, dew point, wind direction, visibility, tye of precipitation……runway in-userunway lightingground activitieswork in progressunserviceable equipment……13. Will the artificial intelligence be capable of replacing the air traffic controllers? Why？……cutting-edge technology……many people take it for granted that……. However, I don't think so.AI has lots of advantages compared with human.Such as：……cut much salary cost ;……complete task without any minor mistakes;……can not be badly affected by fatigue .In my eyes, I think the role of controllers would change if AI was involved in ATC.……may be surveillance and help update the program of AI.especially, when unexpected abnormal occurrence happen……Thus, I don't think AI will take the place of controllers.14.What affect the growth of civil aviation in China and the development of air traffic controllers?According to recent investigations,there are many factors that limit ……Most of them are long-standing problems.the national airspace is controlled by the military leaving a very small portion for civil aviationthe separation standard is excessive partly due to management and partly due to equipment limitation……lack of studying and communication chances with…….……contributes to the limited horizon.……badly affected by fatigue and stress.……always sleeping and playing handset games after work……no interest in the latest ATC technology.many leaders regard controllers as machine.……take it for granted that the detailed and complicate regulations could rule all the actions of controllers.15. Have you ever encountered the parachute jumping or dropping activity in your work?no, ……but , ……heard of it from my friend who works at……（tell a story）one day, when he was a trainee controller,……the airforce dropping activity was in progress in……the flight level 9500 or below was forbidden……all the A/C should deviate 10NM from the assigned route when passing…………do their utmost to complete ……16. Do you think dropping activity would jeopardize the scheduled flights' safety?of course,……my friend told me a story involving dropping activity ……he was in charge of coordination positionthe flight level 8900 or below was forbidden due to airforce dropping activity……both of my friend and his partner forgot the aircraft occupying 8100 meters……luckily, the dropping activity was finished in advanceotherwise, it was very likely that the carelessness would contribute to a tragedy.……there is no margin for error in our work17. Is there any regulations regarding dealing with general aircraft activity in your unit? What are they?of course,……before approval of the general aircraft,……have relevant document and the permission from militarywhen general aircraft activity is in progress,……have a good knowledge of its flight level, working area, end time……keep close watch …………sort out potential conflicts between scheduled flight and general aircraftwhen the activity is completed,military should be notified of the end timesupervisor should take the details on note book18. Have you ever encountered or heard of the pilot's temporary disability ?I have not …….m aybe, with the increasing experience, I will ……h owever, I have heard of it from my friend who works in…….and he told me about some expertise regarding it19 . What may the pilot's temporary disability result in?it is widely known to us that…… very likely results in lots of terrible accidents.…… miserable tragedy.the pilots have final say about decision regarding flights' safety.so when the pilots suffered temporary disability, the aircraft would lose the soul on board. ……can not comply with the instructions of ATC,…… can not control the flight's instruments .there is great potential risk that……accident.therefore, it is a challenge for…….20 .If the pilots sustain temporary disability, what should you do as a controller?……take lots of steps.the accurate answer to this question depends on current situation.I prefer to cite one example that my friend told me.……the captain fainted on board.…… intended to land at the nearest airport.…… ask the copilot "which medical assistance do you need?" .…… told the related departments about the detailed information.…… order the other conflict flights to give way to the emergency aircraft.……try our best to meet the pilots' requirments and provide clean airway for them.21. Have you ever received the pilots' report of unlawful interference in cockpit or cabin?no…………heard of it from my classmate who works at ……he was on duty…………a passenger suspected with mental disease attacked flight attendants……use a pencil as weapon…………7500…………request to land at the neareast airport……request police and first-aid upon arrival……smooth out……22. What may cause the unlawful interference in cockpit or cabin?……pose danger to flight safety……pose stress to flight crew and controllers……the detailed answers depend on current situation……in cabin……passengers or flight attendants get hurt……in cockpit……difficult to control the A/C……if situation deteriorated, miserable tragedy would happen23. Which action would you take if unlawful interference on board happened?……many steps need to take……when……ask pilot’s intention……it is often said that the pilots intend to land as soon as possible……inform supervisor and relevant units about detailed information……order other A/C which ……give way to …………if ……smooth out, ……ask whether there are injured people on board……inquire pilot……medical or police assistance24. What should you do when an aircraft contacted with you, but you couldn't find the radar label on radar screen?………should take some steps to sort out the problem.……prefer to share my experience regarding it.one day , I was in charge of control position. There were many aircrafts in the area.…… firstly established contact with me, and the pilot told me his callsign was …………could not pick up the radar label on radar screen.……suspected that there was something wrong with its transponder.……asked the pilot to check the transponder and press SPI for indentification.…… did not work.……ordered him to change the other transponder.……informed the radar unit of the details……check our radar equipment.…… proved that the aircraft transponder malfunctioned.Most importantly, I should provide procedural separation between this aircraft and the other aircraft.25. Do you know what is the general flight ?……include many kindsflight training, aerial photography, electricity line checking, air show and son onin recent years, lots of policy regarding general flight ……carry outwith development of economy,……will become more and more26. When the general flight has potential risk with the scheduled flight , what should you do ?……many measures must be taken…………require the general flight to return to land…………order ……to give way to the scheduled flight……inform ……and ……of the traffic information……keep close watch…………if not,……TCAS alert27. Could you name some dangerous goods that can not be taken on board?……are plentifulliqui d……posionous, radioactive or explosive thingsmatches, lighter, weaponskinds……continue to increase28 .Have you ever encountered dangerous goods on board？I have not ……, but have heard of such case from …………a military A/C, carring some special liquid…………in case of sth. unexpected……intend to maintain 8100 meters or below…………instruct the other A/C to climb or descend to give way…………meet pilots' requirement……tell the adjacent units about the detailed information……29. Could you tell me something about the airspace structure in your unit?……have a good knowledge of our airspace structure.…… domestic flight routes, and …… international flight routes.Our airspace is divided into ……. , different sectors have different characteristics.The most complex sector is……,because it contains lots of conflicts between take-off and landing flights.Most importantly, the fourth sector does not have the parallel flight routes.therefore, it is a challenge for our controllers.In order to expedite the air flow and cut off the potential risk ,the modification of our airspace structure is taken into account recently.30. How to optimize the airspace under your control? Can you give some suggestions?this question is so complexI prefer to share my suggestion, although it may not be correct……establish more parallel flight routes……divide the busiest control sector into two sectors……change the routes that are adjacent to the military area……establish more holding area31. What factors should you take into consideration before issuing holding instructions? ……each control unit has series of regulation about it.In our operation manual, there are three factors that we must take into consideration. ……ensure there is not potential conflict between ………… inquiring the fuel endurance……some widely known civil aviation tragedies resulted from fuel exhaustion during holding. …… shall apply to military department for the holding area before issuing instructions. After all , we shall not go against the operation manual ,and make the holding orderly and smoothly.32. What should you do when you encountered the traffic congestion?…… a long-standing problem.With the surging number of aircraft, traffic congestion is a big challenge for us.…… should take the following steps to sort out the problem.…… request the supervisor to issue ………… should use various methods to tackle the conflicts of flights,such as holding , short-cut, adjusting airspeed and so on.keeping composed and cool-headed is of vital importance…… suffer traffic congestion ,……suffer too much pressure.Moreover, any lapse can results in accident33. Could you tell me what is human factor?Yes……，As we know, human error is safety's enemy.Human errors include "error , omission, oversight ".Each of them can adversely affect flights' safety.……any lapse in controllers' daily work would contribute to miserable tragedies.34. Could you give me some examples of human error?……cause lots of unsafe events , even accidents.Many widely known civil aviation tragedies result from human error.（tell a story）One day , I was in charge of control position.There were ten aircrafts in my area.Moreover, all of them are take-off and landing flights. Many conflicts existed.Suddenly, ……intend to climb to 8900m from 8100m due to severe turbulence.I cleared him to climb without hesitation .However, I forgot the opposite traffic which occupied 8400m.Luckily, I found the potential near-miss in good time.And I carried out traffic avoidance procedure as soon as possible.At last, the separation met the minimum criteria.Although human error is a long-standing problem , I think we can overcome it. 35. What should you do to reduce the risk of human error?According to my expertise,……many methods to…….……have series of regulations regarding how to avoid human error.……double-check is an effective method.……ask yourself whether the instruction is correct for the second time.……before you pass your message,you must get your partner's agreement , who is in charge of coordination.After issuing your instruction, you shall aslo listen pilots' read-back carefullyin order to ensure make youself understood.In a word, we must develop good work habits.In China, most of control units use punishment as a measure,hoping that controllers will not make similar mistakes in future.I don't think it is a very effective method, although it has been used for years.36. As a controller, how do you deal with fatigue?……many step can be taken to …………p lay basketball……watch movie with …………chat with colleagues…………have a good sleep……read a interesting book……cut off excessive stress……37. What should you do if there are similar callsigns in your airspace?……the similar callsign adversely affects the flight safety.…… long-standing problemMany steps should be taken…………tell pilots that there are …………ask pilots to pay more attention……press the strong intonation upon the different letter or digitalbefore issuing instructions, ……double-checking…………listen readback carefully……38. What is RNAV? What is the difference between RNAV and conventional navigation?……stands for Regional Navigation.……cutting-edge technology application……use GPS to provide navigation functions.…… uses satellite- based signal. ……doesn't require a land-based station.on the contrary,…………would improve the capacity of airspace……expedite air flow39. What is the difference between emergency fuel and minimum fuel?…… means its fuel is not so adequate to make much maneuvering,but it can land normally.While ……implies no more delay can be accepted.Its endurance time is below 30min.……need priority or immediate landing,otherwise it will have the danger to crash due to fuel shortage.Therefore, …… is more urgent than …….40. Why is the fuel quantity of the flight which declares minimum fuel checked after landing?Because minimum fuel is a urgent situation.Once the pilot declares minimum fuel,all control units along its airway will pay much attention on it.And other aircraft will give way to it.Therefore, …… to verify whether their claim is true,just in case the crew falsely declare minimum fuel or do this for their own benefit.41. What may lead to endurance problem?……many factors can contribute to …………miscalculation of fuel ……when dispatchers …………hold for a long time due to flow control……fuel leakage42. Could you tell me something about TRM?……is short for team resource management…… the supervisor should utilize all the resource,including controllers, equipment and environment,to ensure the flight safety and improve efficiency.43. What should the supervisor do to commence TRM?……hub of TRM…… manage his team members ………… is responsible for all his management decision.After receiving the instruction from the senior leaders,the supervisor has to carry out the instruction without complaintand explain the reasons of the measurement to his team-members.…… assign the appropriate controllers to do the job with a suitable co-ordinator,bearing in the mind the personal conflict in the pairing.……maintain a good team spirit…… provide counseling to team members in times of personal difficulties.44. Do you think TRM is necessary? Why?of course……recent investigations reveal:……reduce the risk of human error……improve the efficiency of work……team-work spiritwith the development of ATC,……more and more important……leaders shall do their utmost ……45. If your controllers are arguing, as a supervisor, what should you do ?I will stop the argument,try separating their working position to avoid further trouble.Then, I will try to understand what happened, and let them focus on the job.After work, I will have a briefing,try to find a way to stop this problem from happening again.46. Do you know what is aircraft breakdown?of course…………means that there is a system failureelectrical system, mechanical system, hydraulic system ……for pilot, ……challenge……for controller, ……great pressure……47. As a controller, what should you do when you experience aircraft breakdown?……answer depends on the reason which resulted in ……for example, if the hydraulic system failed and the landing gear could not extend…………notify relevant units including…………low pass……visual check……instruct the other A/C to hold …………do our utmost to meet pilots' requirement……48.Do you know the checklist? What is the use of checklist?Of course, I have a good knowledge of checklist.When I was a trainee controller, I had learnt about it.The use of checklist has been wrote into our operation manualThe checklist in our unit has two kinds.The one is used in the shifting of duty,the other one is used in handling abnormal situation,such as radio failure, depressurization and so on.The message in the checklist contains the most important steps that we shall take or check. It is an effective method to avoid ' error, omission, oversight' in our daily work , especially in the shifting of duty.49. When should low- pass be carried out?it is widely known to us …… emergency methodespecially landing gear（undercarriage）……not extended……hydraulic problem or electrical system malfunction……visual check …… utilize gravity to extend……useful method to sort out ……50. What shall controllers do when low-pass is in progress?when ……controller shall exert lots of procedures to safeguard……firstly, ……close observation ……tell flight crew about accurate information……secondly,……inform A/P authority and related departments of detailed information……thirdly, ……order other A/C which plan to land to hold ……or divert to ……captain has the final say about decision regarding flight safety, ……51. Do you know which assistance controllers can provide during belly landing? during belly landing , controller's assistance will be crucial to the emergency A/CMost importantly, ……gather some significant information,……number of people, the damage position of A/C, whether fire spread over……then, order the other approach A/C to divert to ……give way to the emergency A/C……lastly, do our utmost to meet pilots' requirements,……foamed carpet……relay detailed and accurate information to ……as a controller , keeping composed and cool-headed is important ……52. If one flight enters a controlled airspace without your clearance, what should you do to solve the problem?First, I will verify this situation with the pilot, confirm his intention.If he tries to detour bad weather or encounters an emergency without timely report,I will give him convenience as I could.If he just misunderstands the instruction,I will vector him to the right route as soon as possible.53. What consequences would there be if you didn’t realize the mistakes you made in a clearance?After the clearance is delivered,the pilot will read back the safety-critical information in the clearance.If I can detect the mistake during hearback, I can still correct the mistake.However, if the mistake goes undetected, the pilot may engage in a wrong maneuver,resulting in traffic conflicts or even mid-air collision.54. As a controller, how can you ensure the clearances you issue to the flight crew are proper and correct?Most important of all, get focused when speaking and avoid slip of the tongue.Second, have the instructions in mind before you say.Besides, enhance the proficiency of radio telephony.Also, check your instruction by listening to the read back carefully.In a word, this requires us to form a good working habit.55. What is the separation minima for radar control or procedure control in your control area?In Approach unit, our horizontal radar separation minimum is 10km,which is larger than 6km regulated by CAAC.Also, it should meet the wake turbulence separation standard.The horizontal separation minimum for procedure control is 10min.And the vertical separation minimum in both control methods is 300m.But in our control area, we call it “dynamic300m”, and we usually use 600m for safety redundancy.56. When you discover the risk of air miss between two aircraft, what should you do immediately to avoid near-miss?If the situation is not so urgent,I will ask one of the aircraft to change its altitude before the condition gets worse.But if the two aircraft have been too close to each other,I will instruct both of them to turn right immediately, assuming they are in opposite directions.At the same time, ask them to climb or descend according to their present altitude.57. What personality should an air traffic controller have when dealing with abnormal or emergency situations?In my opinion,the most important personality for dealing with emergency situations is the ability to stay calm.A controller should never panick no matter what happens.Otherwise, he is likely to make the wrong judgement and the wrong decision.58. Have you ever had trouble in communicating with foreign pilots when dealing with abnormal situations? If yes, how did you overcome the trouble to ensure flight safety?Yes. When abnormal situation occurs,pilots are likely to use plain language to describe the situation on board.This makes it difficult to understand especially when they speak fast.In order to ensure good communication,we could ask pilots to use standard phrases and expressions,and try to speak a little bit slowly.In addition, we should get to know some common abnormal situationsand improve our comprehensive English skills,so that we can communicate better with pilots.59. After a long delay on the ground because of flow control, pilots are likely to be anxious, how do you deal with their complaints and quarrels on your frequency?On the one hand,the controller should show understanding about the pilots’ situationand patiently explain the causes for flow control.On the other hand, the controller should not be too soft.Otherwise, the pilots would get the upper hand,and the situation might get out of control.60. What information should an air traffic controller relay to other aircraft flight crew before fuel dumping begins?Before fuel dumping begins,the controller should advise the flight crews of other aircraft about the trackand altitude of the fuel dumping aircraftand the estimated time for commencing and completing fuel dumping.61. How would fuel dumping affect other aircraft near the fuel dumping area?If other aircraft are too close to the fuel dumping area,the fuselage is likely to becontaminated by the fuel.The more serious consequence is the fuel might be ingested by enginesand causes engine fire even losing both engines.Besides, if the fuel adheres to some measuring instruments outside of the fuselage,it may influence the accuracy of those instruments.62. Have you ever received any bomb threat training in a simulator?In simulator training, there was an exercise about bomb threat.An aircraft had lined up and was ready for takeoffwhen the controller received an anonymous phone call about a bomb threat.The controller had to handle the situation according to the procedures for bomb threat.63. In your opinion, what are some important pieces of information you should gather when a bomb threat occurs?The controller should gather information aboutthe pilot’s intention,the number of people on boardand whether there are any hazardous goods on board.If possible, the controller should learn about the type, location and description of the bomb.64. If the flight with the bomb threat is going to divert to your airport, how would you handle it?。
OPI复习材料
AETS
2.1.1单项选择
长对话信息点多，必须速记，考试可以多要白纸
AETS
开发自己的速记符号 注重关键点，一个词表达整句 意思 重点在听和理解，再记
速记参考
2.1听力部分
故事复述 共1篇故事（120-160字），放两遍录音，然后复述
AETS
故事与ATC息息相关，很可能以 陆空通话基础改编 逻辑性强，涉及飞行的会简化 生僻难懂的单词少 注重整体，用英标或美标录音 按点给分
AETS
PIL: Departure, NW 808, 2100 meters climbing, eastbound. CTL: NW 808 turn right immediately due fast moving unknown traffic at 12’o’clock. CTL: NW 808, disregard, the unreported traffic has changed the course.
2.1.1单项选择（例）
（问题会单个出现在屏幕上） Question 6: What made the undercarriage extension impossible? A. low pass B. hydraulic problem C. wheels problem D. jar problem Question 7: Why did the pilot want to touch and go? A. to check the landing gear B. to strike the aircraft C. to jar the landing gear down D. to have emergency landing Question 8: What was the pilot’ s first intention? A. emergency landing B. make a low pass C. make touch and go D. make left turning
ICAO英语复习OPI应答练习：飞行中的恶劣天气1
ICAO英语复习OPI应答练习：飞行中的恶劣天气1飞行中的恶劣天气1.Suppose the weather radar detects the wind-shear 20miles ahead of you, what will you do?a.First I will tell/notify/advice ATC the situation, and request avoid the adverse weather. Then I’ll control the aircraft smoothly. Lastly, I have to through the wind-shear.b.Firstly, I’ll communicate with ATC tell about the wind-shear and its position. I’ll request turn left or turn right 30 degrees to avoid this bad weather. At the same time, keeping monitor the radar screen.c.I think if we are ready for take off, and I’ll cancel taking off or abort taking off. If the wind-shear is founding when we are approaching in final, we’ll go around or execute miss-approach. Definitely, we need to notify ATC the information of this wind-shear, and our intentions.2.In case of your radar failure, suddenly you hear wind-shear warning, what will you do?I’ll increase the engine power to the maximum and control the1aircraft smoothly.I think for this situation, we can’t change any configuration of the aircraft. We should strictly follow the flight director.(Report the wind-shear position to ATC.)3.How do you and your crewmembers make the aircraft clear of the wind-shear?We should try my best to keep the right/suitable vertical speed. Crewmember should make cooperation to deal with thewind-shear. First, we should set the throttle to maximum, Second, we pull up to plus 15 degrees of attack angel. (We make nose up to 15 degrees.)Finally, we should keep the suitable vertical speed.4.If your aircraft is clear of the wind-shear, do you report this to the controllers? Can you give me an example?Yes I do. Wuhan tower, CA 101 has just encountered the wind-shear2on short final 200 meters and got 20 knots lost.5.Besides bad weather, what other factors influence flight safety? There are many other factors will influence our flight safety.For example: mechanical, personnel, birds strike, human stress, foreign object invading, health of the crewmember and so on.6.What effects can bad weather bring you?Due to the bad weather, our aircraft is possibly encountered icing and and turbulence. Our passengers onboard probably were hurt, and the pilots may be getting very nervous, fuselage may be destroyed. And the instrument will become failure.1.What is the weather like today?It’s cloudy, overcast, raining, sunny shine, light fog, storm, thunder storm, typhoon, snow, drizzle humidity etc.2.What kind of weather do you prefer for flight?Of course it’s sunny shine. Because that the air flow is more stable.3We’ll rarely to encounter the turbulence and other complicated bad situation.3.What is CB?CB is cumulonimbus means it’s a very dangerous cloud. Where there are lightning, sever turbulence, heavy rain and icing. All of this will be the fatal threaten to the aircraft.4.What are the three stages of CB?Develop, accumulate/ mature, disperse（驱散）5.Have you ever flown into CB? Why is it dangerous?We never have this experience. Bec ause it’s the fatal threaten to the aircraft. It’s not tolerate for the pilot to make this mistake. (We can’t make this mistake).6.When you approach this kind of weather during the cruise, how would you do?We must report ATC for requesting to avoid this dangerous cloud.4And keep monitoring radar carefully.7.Does your company have any special operation procedure or requirement for the airports where the wind shear is common? Two captains are required to operate. If we meet wind-shear during approach we must go around immediately. And this subject is necessary/essential in our simulator training courses. (We have to take this simulator course).8. Have you ever had to divert due to weather?Yes, I have encountered this situation many times. For example, September of last year, we flew from WLMQ to GZ, when we were approaching Baiyun airport, we found this airport was covered by heavy thunder storm. The ATC told us the weather is very bad/ deteriorating, the runway was closed. So we had to divert to Guilin Airport and stayed there 2 hours.9.Can you take off if the anti-ice or de-ice system isinoperative before departure?51 No I can’t, if the de-ice system is unserviceable before departure. According to flight manual, this situation will be unsuitable for flight. We have to taxi to the maintenance area then call the engineers to inspect system.10.Why is the low level wind shear dangerous?2. Low level wind-shear is more strong and fast than others. We haven’t enough altitude to deal with this situation. (The margin for wind shear recovery is limited).11. What is the procedure for wind shear recovery?Firstly, pushing throttle to maximum power.Secondly, following the flight director, which include maintaining the wings horizontally/keeps the wings level and nosing up about 15 degrees.In the end, don’t change configuration of the aircraft.12. How does the wake turbulence affect the flight safety?6After the heavy or large aircraft has just taken off, the small aircraft follow the previous aircraft to take off. The heavy aircraft will produce blast/ wind shear to make the small aircraft lose the altitude and speed and produce bank angel. It probably, the aircraft will be out of control.13.What should you do before takeoff if it is snowing?a. First ensure our aircraft doesn’t covered by snow of ice. And anti-ice liquid is in available/ right time period. Otherwise the de-ice procedure must be required. We need to ask the maintenance to operate after turning on the anti-ice switch.b. We should make sure of no ice cover with the aircraft. If there is it, we need require the ground staff to make de-iceprocedure, and we should have check expire time before take off. （De-icing, check the brake action）14.Have you ever landed in a heavy rain?No I never have this experience, according to the operation manual of CSA, It’s forbidden to land in a heavy rain.715.Is there any special procedure for landing in a rain or a snow? Yes, we have some special procedure on this situation: First, it’s only can be operate by Captain,Second, we advice to choice the moderate auto brake in the approach preparation.Third, Using the maximum reverse in time.16.You know volcanic ash? Do you know the procedure of flying through volcanic ash?Yes I know volcanic ash.I have not encountered this situation in real flight. But I have practice this procedure in simulator. On this situation we have to backtrack immediately to escape/detour this dangerous area. We’ll turn off the air condition system to prevent the ash enter into the cockpit and cabin. In my experience, the volcanic ash is easy to cause engine failure, so we also have to carry out some engine failure procedure according to present situation.8。
中国民航管制员ICAO英语考试OPI完整版16套
中国民航管制员ICAO英语考试OPI完整版16套OPI 11. How long have you been working as an air traffic controller?你作为一名管制员工作多长时间了？I have working as an air traffic controller about fourteen years,I am a Tower controller with this unit.2. Are you proud of yourself as a controller? Why?你作为一名管制员感到自豪吗？为什么？Yes, I am proud. Because I think our work is an honorable work, we make sure the safety of the people`s life and the property.3.Could you give a general introduction of the area/or airspace under your control?你能对你指挥下的区域或空间做一个简单的介绍吗？I`m a tower controller, in my control area,there are three corridors, one is from BeiJing, two is from ShangHai, three is from Haerbin.Let’s talk about missed approach4. Have you ever controlled a flight which made a missed approach?你曾经指挥过做复飞的飞机吗？Yes,I have controlled，a flight not land on the runway andmade a missed approach due the runway occupied by unknown vehicle.5. What reasons do you think may cause a missed approach? 你认为什么原因能导致一起复飞？For example:poor visibility,too close to preceding aircraft,strong cross wind,runway occupied by unknown vehicle or aircraft,landing gear problem.6. What help do you think the pilots may need when executing missed approach?当执行复飞时，你觉得飞行员都需要什么帮助？Control the aircraft climb to the safety altitude and the other aircraft on the runway not departure,control the aircraft again approach or other situation according to pilot decision.7. Do you think the standard procedures for missed approach can provide convenience both for the pilots and controllers?你觉得标准的复飞程序能提供给飞行员和管制员什么便利？Yes,the standard procedures for missed approach can make the pilots and controllers know what situation should missed approach and convenience controllers and pilots operation. 8. How could a missed approach influence ATC work?复飞如何影响空管工作？Missed aproach can make the ATC work more business than normal situation and influence other aircraft landing and departure.9.Do you think it is necessary to make a missed approach forflight safety under certain situations?你认为在某个已确定位置复飞对飞行安全是必要的吗？Yes,I think it is necessary.Because if low the certain situation make a missed approach may cause this aircraft dangerous.The following questions are about airmiss10. Have you ever experienced airmiss in your work? If yes, please share the story with me; if no, have you heard any of that?你曾经在你工作中见过空中危险接近吗？如果见过，请和我分享这个故事，如果没有，说一说你所听到的？No.I am not experience,but I have heared.The air force aircraft near the same altitude passenger aircraft low the minimum safey separation and cause the passenger aircraft change level and heading to avoid.11. What reasons may cause an airmiss?什么原因导致空中危险接近？Controller instruction mistake,pilot operation mistake,unknown traffic approach the aircraft,instrument problem cause emergency descend and other reasons.12. What are some of the separation limits in your control unit?在你的管制单位里，间隔限制都有什么？Radar control : the same level 40 kilometers ,same direction cross 15 kilometers,opposite direction cross 40 kilometres. Procedure control is 10 minutes.13. If the separation limits between two aircraft is going to be exceeded, what will you do?如果两架飞机小于间隔，你将怎么做？I should change heading, change altitude, make orbit or other method to again established the minimum safe separation.14. What do you think are some of the consequences of an airmiss?你认为危险接近的后果有哪些？An airmiss may cause this two aircrafts separation low the minimum safety separation and cause aircraft TCAS alert or collision with other aircraft on air and it may increase controllers working pressure.15. Can you suggest some good ways to avoid or prevent airmiss effectively?你能建议一些好办法去避免或阻止危险接近的发生吗？Controllers instruction must be carefully,correct and observe other flights and unknown traffic fly direction by radar. Pilot should repeat and operation correct.OPI 21. Which ATC unit do you work in? 你在那个空管部门工作？I am a Tower controller, I`m work at ShenYang Tower.2. What’ your position now and what’s the main responsibility of your position?现在你在什么岗位？你的岗位最重要的职责是什么？I am a instructor and I help the new controller progress.3.Have you ever received some training related to air traffic control recently? Could you say something about that?最近你们经常受到和空管有关系的一些培训是什么？你能谈谈吗？Yes, I have. I have received the radar simulation training. Let’s talk about abnormal situations4. What kind of abnormal situations have you ever experienced in the past?过去，什么类型的不正常情况是你经历过的？Radar failure,communication failure,TCAS and instrument failure,engine failure,bird strike cause windshield problem,pressurization failure and decompression.5. According to your understanding, what are the main principles when dealing with abnormal situations?就你的理解，当不正常情况发生时，什么是最主要的准则？I think we must keep calm when talk with pilot through the transmitter,make sure unstand the nature of emergency andpilot intention,maintain safety separation,give pilot sufficient time and maximunm support to work on their problem.6. What personality should an air traffic controller have when dealing with abnormal or emergency situations?当不正常情况或紧急情况发生时，作为一名空管员应具备什么样的品质？An air traffic controller should talk with pilot keep calm,support message and information to pilot and have a cool head when dealing with emergency situation.7. Do you have standard procedures for abnormal or emergency situations in your control unit? Could you please give an example? 在你的管制部门，有标准程序应对不正常或紧急事件吗？你能给举个例子吗？Yes,we have.When radar failure we should advise aircraft radar failure and resume procedure control,establish procedure separation;report to radar maintance man and leader;advise other control units radar failure and make the aircraft wait in their area according to radar failure procedure.8.Have you ever had trouble in communicating with foreign pilots when dealing with abnormal situations? If yes, how did you overcome the trouble to ensure flight safety?当不正常情况发生时，你感觉和国外机组通话有难度吗？如果是，你怎样战胜困难来确保飞行安全？Yes,I think have , we do not fully understand foreign pilots means when they encounter emergency situation because they speak so fast and not use standard communication sometimes.We should use standard communication and frequently study English,listening foreign radio and watching foreign film improve my English ability.9.Assume the flight crew report that one passenger onboard had a heart attack, how do you handle the situation when you are on duty?当你值班的时候，机组报告一位乘客的心脏病发作了，你应该如何处理？I should according to pilot intention control this flight priority landing or alternative to the nearest airport ,coordinate airforce make this flight direct to landing airport to save time,control other flight avoid and call ambulance wait at landing airport.Now, let’s change to the topic related to flow control10. What reasons may cause flow control?什么原因能导致流控？Bad weather for landing airport,airforce traffic,expect somany flights into the area in the future time.11. Do you think it is necessary to impose flow control?你认为利用流控的原因是什么？Yes,I think it is necessary.The flow control can reduce the controllers pressure,reduce the route congestion and more safety than no flow control.12. What consequences does flow control bring to controllers, airline companies, pilots and passengers respectively?流控给空管，航空公司，机组和旅客带来的后果分别是什么？Flow control can reduce the controllers pressure;increase airline companies cost when waiting for long time at the airport;increase pilots fly time even over the company rule time;increase passengers waiting time even not catch up with the next flight.13. Who is responsible for making a decision to control traffic flow?谁负责做出一个决定来控制交通流量?The control unit director responsible for decision to control traffic floe according to the traffic flow expecting system and report leader whether approved issue the control traffic flow.14. What factors should be taken into consideration when making a decision to control traffic flow?当做了一个管制流控决定时，什么因素将被考虑？The control traffic flow time not so long and the distance not so large otherwise cause many flights delay much time;the important flights are not restriction.15. After a long delay on the ground because of flow control, pilots are likely to be anxious, how do you deal with their complaints and quarrels on your frequency?由于流控在地面被延误很长时间后，机长很焦急，你如何在你的波道里化解他们的抱怨和争吵？I should keep my head and not quarrel with pilots on my frequency, I should tell pilots the flow control reason,flow control information , waiting sequence and estimated departure time.OPI 31. Do you often communicate with foreign pilots in English? If yes, do you have any problems in radiotelephony communication?你经常与外国飞行员用英语通讯吗？如果是的，你在用无线电通讯中有什么问题吗？Yes, I often use English in my work. If they speak so fast and I am not full understand what they say.2. Do you think it is necessary to speak English in radiotelephony communication with Chinese pilots? Why?你认为与中国飞行员在无线电通讯中讲英语是必须的吗？为什么？No, I don`t think it is necessary. Because it may cause misunderstand.3.Do you think speaking English may cause more communication misunderstanding? Why?你认为讲英语可能引起更多的通讯误会吗？Yes, I think so. Because English is not our mother tongue.Now, let’s talk something about runway incursions.4. The runway is a critical area for flight safety; do you know anything about runway incursions?对于飞行安全，跑道是一个关键区域，你知道任何关于跑道入侵的事情吗？The aircraft and vehicle enter the runway are not clearance by controllers;the aircraft or vehicle cross the wait position of runway;the aircraft or vehicle cross yhe landing or departure aircraft.5. What could cause a runway incursion? 什么能够引起跑道入侵？The pilot and driver are not listen the controllers instruction;radio communication;forget the aircraft,vehicle or person on the runway;working condition.6. What consequences may a runway incursion bring? 跑道入侵可能带来什么样的后果？Runway incursion may cause the aircraft collision with other departure or landing aircraft and vehicle on the runway;may cause the runway confusion and increase the controller working and pressure.7. When the runway is unlawfully occupied, what should a tower controller do?当跑道被非法占用的时候，作为一名塔台管制员应该做些什么？The tower controller should order the unlaw aircraft or vehicle immediately vacate the runway and control the landing aircraft wait until the runway is normal.8. In order to prevent a runway incursion from happening, what special rules or regulations should you follow?为了防止跑道入侵的发生，你必须遵循什么特殊的规则和管理？I should watching the aircraft or vehicle moving situation on runway all time;I should use the standard taxi way to avoid pilot or driver bring confusion;I should use the standard radio communication.9.Have you ever heard of or encountered a runway incursion? Please tell the story. And what did you learn from theincident?你曾经听过或遇到过跑道入侵吗？请告诉我这个故事，从这次事故中你能学到什么？Yes,I have heared.An aircraft enter the runway not follow the controllers instruction and cause the departure aircraft immediately emergency brake and turn avoid this aircraft.From this incident I learn that I should watching the aircraft or vehicle moving situation on runway all time.The following questions are about fuel dumping10. Have you ever controlled an aircraft dumping fuel?你曾经指挥过飞机放油吗？Yes,I have.An aircraft fly into my area report the NO2 engine failure and request return to Beijing airport but first must dumping the redundant fuel due to landing weight.11. Under what conditions does an aircraft need to dump fuel?在什么条件下，飞机需要放油？The aircraft departure a short of time and the pilot decdide to return to land due to abnormal situation.But the aircraft need dumping redundant fuel due to landinig weight.12. Could you please describe the fuel dumping procedures in your airspace?请你描述在你的空域中飞机放油的过程？In my airspace we should control the aircraft dumping fuel in the fuel dumping area,advise pilot route,alitiude and weatherinformation about the fuel dumping area and control other aircraft avoid this aircraft.13. What information should an air traffic controller relay to other aircraft flight crews before fuel dumping begins?在放油开始之前，一名管制员应该提供什么信息给其他的飞行机组？Before fuel dumping begings we should advise other aircraft the fuel duming aircraft ＇s altitude ,fuel dumping area and estimate dumping fuel begin and over time.14. How would fuel dumping affect other aircraft near the fuel dumping area?飞机放油是怎么样影响放油区的其他飞行器的？The fuel dumping would affect other pilots sight and influence flight safe and other aircraft near the fuel dumping area should change heading and altitude to avoid this aircraft.15. What help can controllers provide to a flight crew when they need to dump fuel?管制员能提供给机组什么帮助，当他们需要放油的时候？The controllers should provide to the pilot fly heading to the fuel dumping area ,altitude and weather information about the fuel dumping area .OPI 41. How long have you been working as an air trafficcontroller?作为一名空中交通管制员，你已经工作多久了？I have working as an air traffic controller about fourteen years,I am a Tower controller with this unit.2. What is your working position? 你的工作岗位是什么？I am a instructor and I help the new controller progress.3.Do you enjoy your job at present? Why?目前你喜欢你的工作吗？为什么？Yes, I enjoy my job, Because I like aircraft from my childhood. Now, let’s talk something about bomb threats.4. Have you ever controlled an aircraft experiencing a bomb threat? If not, do you know a story about this?你曾经指挥过一架飞机经历炸弹威胁吗？如果没有，你知道关于这方面的故事？No, I have not controlled. But I heared the bomb threat say they have received an anonymous call saying there is a bomb on board and requiring your aircraft to procedure to HongKong airport.5. Have you ever received any bomb threat training in a simulator?你在模拟机上曾经接受过一些关于炸弹威胁的训练吗？Yes,I have received the bomb threat training in a simulator.6. In your opinion, what are some important pieces of information you should gather when a bomb threat occurs?在你的意识里，当炸弹威胁发生时，你最应该收集的重要信息是什么？I should know how many people on board,explosion information, pilot＇s intention and control other aircraft avoid,provide the nearest airport information to the pilot.7. If you receive an anonymous call saying there is a hand bomb on board, what procedures should you follow to handle the situation?如果你收到一个匿名电话说，有炸弹在飞机上，你应该用什么程序来掌控这一事件？I should according to the bomb threat procedure deal with this situation .I should advise the pilot bomb on board,know the pilot intention,control other aircraft avoid , adivse police,ambulance and fire engine.8. If the flight with the bomb threat is going to divert to your airport, how would you handle it?如果有炸弹威胁的飞机将要备降到你的机场，你应怎么样应对？I should control other flights aovid this aircraft and advise the police, ambulance, fire engine and control this flight stay farfrom other aircraft after landing.9.When bomb threat occurs, what help can you give the flight crew to assist them through the emergency?当炸弹威胁发生时，有哪些帮助是你能给机组提供的，协助他们渡过危险？I should satisfy the flight crew＇s request do my best and according to the pilot intention avoid other aircraft avoid and priovde the nearest airport to the pilot.The following questions are about fire on board.10. Which one do you think is more dangerous, a bomb threat or a fire on board? Why?你认为炸弹威胁和机身起火那个更危险？为什么？I think fire on board is dangerous. Because if the fire not under control,it may cause passengers are burned or suffocate due to dense smoke spread all over the cabin even cause aircraft explode on air.11. What may cause a fire on board? 能导致机身起火的原因都有什么？I think passenger smoke in the toilet,the electrical wire fire and engine fire may cause a fire on board.12. If a pilot reports passengers were injured, how would itaffect your control operation?如果飞行员报告乘客受伤了，它能影响到你的管制指挥吗？Yes,it affect my control operation.I should control this flight priority landing and call ambulance,I should control other flight give way to this flight.13. Are there any standard procedures for controllers to follow for fire on board? If yes, please explain.管制员对于机身起火有什么标准程序吗？如果有，请解释。
ICAO英语复习OPI应答练习：Part III2面试 特请
Part IIIPROBE（空速管）Have you ever encountered any abnormal or even emergent situations?你遇到过非正常或者紧急情况吗？Yes, once I flew Cessna-172. After I took off and joined the route, the left tank fuel indicator failed. For safety concern, I decided to fly back to the departing airport because the plane was quite close to it. 是的，我飞172的时候，当我起飞后加入航路。
左油箱指示失效了，处于安全考虑我决定返回起飞机场，因为我离机场很近。
1Non-routine situations非常规情况Bad weather恶劣天气At your homebase在你的基地At your destination在你的目的地Typhoon台风Tropical storm热带风暴Flood水灾Earthquake地震Heavy rain暴雨2Heavy snow暴雪De-icing除冰De-frost除霜On schedule例行的/按计划的Flow control流控Traffic congestion交通拥挤Military operations空军活动Military Activities空军活动Special flight特殊飞行3Charter flight包机飞行Air traffic control reason空管原因Mechanical problem机械原因Non-routine非常规的Unusual events不寻常的事件Have you ever encountered/experienced bad weather flight?你飞的时候遇到过恶劣天气吗？4Yes, I have encountered bad weather flight many times. and it began heavy rain、Poor visibility, strong crosswind、and so on. we need to prepare well before our flight, if the weather is not good for flight。
ICAO考试OPI问题整理及答案
1.could you tell me something about ATIS(Automatic terminal information service)1).ATIS(Automatic terminal information service)2). function :common and popular in international airports to reduce the working load of ATC controller, to enhance control frequency utility3). the information included in ATIS are: meteorological information(SURFACE wind, temperature, dew point, RVR，visibility，ONH, ), active RWY,4). 12865 DEPARTURE 1276 arrival, for Beijing international airport5). the code of ATIS shall be updated alphabetically every one hour, the departure and arrival codes should not be using the same letter.2.in case of communication failure, what should you do1)the controller should make sure whether the transmitter or the receiver is troubled.2)Blind transmitting 盲发, in case of the unknown situation.3)Try to send a message to the troubled aircraft via other pilots.4)Clear the present level the aircraft is using, and arrange an emergency avoidance紧急避让5)Set the squawk A76006)When the situation happens on the ground, ask a tow car to tug the aircraft to the safe place3.could you tell me about the holding pattern1)Holding pattern is a pre-published aircraft mavenour used for rush-hour, delays, runway incursion or separation on route, to let the aircraft waiting in the air for further instructions.]2)Parallel entrance/ off-set entrance/direct(straight-in ) entrance3)Hold at VYK at 5100meters,(hold on to 210 radial ofCH VOR between 25MILES and 30 miles east of xxx at 5000FT,Inbound track 360 degrees, Left-hand pattern, outbound time 1 minute4.in case of air-crash, what should you do1）The controller should remain calm and report the accident to the supervisor.2）Provide emergency services including first aid, fire services, ambulances, and so on3）Contact pertinent department, arrange emergency avoidance for other aircrafts.4）To cooperate with the accident research team5.what the air-traffic controller do in the low-visibility condition1) .the reason of the low-visibility is heavy fog2) Mostly happen in the northern part of china, in winter3) As the controller, firstly ask for the pilot’s intention; secondly, ask the pilot to report the position; thirdly notify the pertinent unit sectors. 4〕ask the metrological department to send weather updates to keep informed of the weather condition 5) Arrange the follow-me car service for low-visibility operations6.could you tell us something about the difference between the instrument approach and visual approach1) instrument App is more precise and accurate than visual app, and can provide smaller separation for aircrafts, thus increase the safety and efficiency for operation2) pilot’s responsibility for safety---visaul, controller’s responsibility for safety—instrument3) visual app has a higher standard for weather condition than instrument app4〕目视进近间隔可以小于仪表进近间隔，但是必须要大于尾流间隔，目视进近对机长的要求更高。
空管英语标准答案opi 8
2. Could you tell some advantages or disadvantages of your job?你能告诉我一些有利或有害的关于你的工作？To talk about the advantage, I think it makes me proud because I keep the safety of the flight and people on board.To talk about the disadvantage, I think it is tiring because I often have to take pressure and stay up.3.How do you keep your ATC knowledge up-to-date?你怎样保持你的管制知识是最新的？I keep it up-to-date by learning from control units from other countries and reading relevant books.Now let’s talk about marginal weathe r.4. Can you explain marginal weather to us?你能给我们解释下边缘天气吗？The marginal weather is the weather condition maintaining the lowest standard for landing .5. What hazards may marginal weather bring to flight safety?边缘天气给飞行安全带来什么危险？The marginal weather leads to the lowest landing condition so the flight may not successfully land.6. Do you know a pilot who has risked to flying in under marginal weather?你知道飞行员在边缘天气下飞行是冒险吗？Yes, of course. As is known, marginal weather leads to dangers for the flight, so the pilot should not take this risk to insist on flying.7. Can you refuse the pilot’s request of operating an aircraft in marginal weather? Why?你能拒绝机组在危险天气下驾驶航空器飞行吗？为什么？Well, as a controller, I could give advises, but it’s the captain on board who makes decision, and he is fully responsible for his decision.8. Can you give some suggestions to the pilots landing in marginal weather?你能给在危险天气里落地的机组一些建议吗？I should provide to pilots the weather condition of landing airport and that of alternative airport ,and weather trends according to other pilots’ report.9.For operations in marginal weather, are there any different requirements forTerminal controllers and Area controllers?对于危险天气里的操作，机场管制员和区域管制员有什么不同要求？In marginal weather, the terminal controllers decide whether to land or to continue approach, return or alternative. The area controllers instruct flights to avoid the marginal weather and advise to pilots according to the terminal controllers’suggestion. The following questions are about minimum safe altitude.10. Can you tell me your understanding about minimum safe altitudes?你能告诉我，你理解的最低安全高度？The minimum safe altitudes is the minimum vertical separation between aircraft and obstacle and the aircraft must maintain above it11. What might happen if the minimum safe altitude is exceeded?如果最低安全高度被突破能发生什么？If the minimum safe altitude is exceeded , aircraft maybe dangerous even collide with the obstacle.12. Do you have any means of ensuring that aircraft do not exceed the minimum safety altitude?你有什么建议关于确认飞行员没有超过最低安全高度？Yes ,I do. Obviously, I must be clear with the minimum safe altitude of the route. Furthermore, during controlling, I must supervise the flight and advise it if minimum safe altitude is exceeded.13. What will you do if the aircraft under your control flies below the minimum safety altitude?如果机组在你的管制区里低于最低安全高度，你将如何做？If the aircraft fly below the minimum safe altitude, I must advise the pilot to check the current altitude and climb up to safe level, or to resume visual flight if necessary. 14. Below the minimum altitude and under radar control, can you assign a visual approach in marginal weather to avoid terrain warning? Why?No, I cannot. Because it’s the pilot who controls the flight during visual approach, and my advise may affect his decision.15. For pilots insisting on visual approach in marginal weather, what precautions can ATC make to ensure flight safety?如果机组坚持要在危险天气里做目视进近，管制员有什么预防措施去确保飞行安全？The controller should advise to pilot the highest obstacle at approach area , use radar to watch the heading, advise pilot to pay attention obstacle and runway, tell the pilot weather trends in time.。
ICAO英语复习OPI应答练习：OPI完整版
Sample questions for speakinginterview1、Where are you based at the moment?I am based at Changchun.2、Are you a captain or a first officer?I am a captain. I am flying A320 now.3、Can you tell me about where you live?I live in Changchun. Changchun is in Northeast China. She is a middle-size city.（the area is not very large. The population is not very croweded.）She is famous for automobile manufacture. Changchun is a cultural city with more than 20 colleges. The city develops very fast (you can easily find lots of new buildings1evrywhere.)There are many places of interestes here,such as jingyue lake,songhua river,every year a lot of visitors from home and abroad come here to enjoy its beautiful scene.The people live there are very warm-hearted. during winter time we can go skiing. .It is very cold now. But the people live there are very warm-hearted. If you have a chance to visit Changchun , I will be your guide！and you are free. 4、Can you tell me your hobbies or interests? Yes.In my spare time,I like sports,such as running ,play football /table tennis and so on. Swimming is my favourite. I feel relax when I swim. Swimming is good for my health. You know, health is so important for pilot.5、How long have you been a pilot?2I have been flying for 14 years .6、Which airline are you from and how long haveyou worked there?I am from China southern airlines jilin branch and Ihave beenworking here for 13 years.7、How many hours have you flown?Let me think, enn,I have flown about 10,000 hours.8、Why did you choose to be a pilot?Before I became a pilot, in my mind it is very mysterious and yearning. I like the feeling of flying in the sky. In china, many people want to be a pilot, and I am lucky.或者maybe. I just met the good chance atthat moment.39、When was your first flight?My first flight was in 1993.10、Where did you do you training?My recurrent training is in xiang-yi flight trainingcentre in zhuhai, guangdong provice.11、Do you like your job?Yes, I like my job.12、What are the advantages of your job?I think to be a pilot is a very enviable and challenging 富有挑战的job. The salary 工资is high,and we are respected by other people. I like the feeling of control the aircraft and walking in the clouds. Also, I can travel around and meet a lot of people of different culture.if Iwant to travel by air, it is free for me.413、What are the disadvantages?I don’t have much time to be with my family.Too much pressure, I have the responsibility to ensure the safety of more than 100 persons and myself.I have to fight with different difficulties such as bad weather, mechnical troubles etc.14、How long have you been a pilot?I have been a pilot for 14 years.15、When did you become a captain?I became a captain in 2003.16、Which company do you work for?I work for China Southern Airlines Jilin Branch.517、What aircraft do you fly now?I fly A320 family now.18、Can you tell me about the A320?A320 is a short to medium range aircraft. It has two powerful turbo fan engines mounted under the wings. It is single aisle and the maximum seating capacity is 158.A320 is fly-by-wire and special for it’s side stick,easy to control. It has advanced flight management system and greatly reduce the work load of pilot.There is a table in front of you ,so you can do something on it,such as drinking a cup of coffee,writing something as you like.19、What other aircraft have you flown?6Yes,I have flown Yun-5,(a single propelleraircraft)MD82. It is a conventional aircraft. The flight management and navigation systems are out of date, but the maneuver capability of MD82 is excellent. 20、What are your main routes?Our company is operating about fifty routes now, including domestic routes, such as changchun to beijing, shanghai, guangzhou, hongkong and others, also international routes such as changchun to tokyo, seoul, nagoya, and so on. concerning the “main routes”, I think we fly those eastern and southern domestic citys more oftenly.21、Are some routes more difficult than others? Yes, turely. For example, routes of fly to kunming anddalian maybe more difficult than others, we have to7think more to deal with the hight alttitute airfield and heavy season-wind.22、What are the duties of a pilot of a passenger plane?Safety first of course. I adhere to the principle of safty is first.And then, to make the flight more schedule and more comfortable.23、How do pilots cooperate with ATC controllers in maintaining flight safety?We should use standard words to communicate with ATC and express our intention clearly. Both of us should understand each other and respect each other.24、Have you had any abnormal situations? Yes, I have. I remembered, in May, 2006, about nine8o’clock in the evening ,the aircraft was A320,I flew from Changchun to Beijing, everything was normal during the preflight inspection .And so was the taxiing and takeoff .When we passed 6000 meters,we discovered that the right engine oil quantity was lower than normal.And shortly after,the quantity was gradually decreasing.We considered it to be a leakage of oil!If the oil quantity became empty, the engine and the aircraft would be risk,After informed the ATC of our intentions,We began our descent and prepared the approach back to Changchun.Meanwhile,we kept the right engine on idle power to minimize oil loss. During approach, I carefully controlled the aircraft and landed safely at changchun airport.9Afterwards,the engineers checked the engine and confirmed that it had leaked a lot of oil.25、When did you start learning English?In my middle school when I was 18 years old. At that time, we learned English only for test and couldn’t use it for communication.26、Have you ever taken an English test in the past? Yes, I took(passed) the radio telephony communication and professional aviation English test in 2000.27、Do you like English?Well, I don’t think I like it, but I have to study since it is part of my job.28、Would you like to keep learning English?10I would like to keep learning English.Because I can fly my plane more safely29、Where would you like to travel to for holidays?I would like to go to some natural sight-seeing. I like to be with the nature as I can feel relax from it.30、What will you do when you leave Guanghan?I will go back home and be with my family.31、Is there anything else you would like to say? Only thanks, I would like to say thank to our teachers and my family, they gave me lots of support during this period of learning english, and also thank you, I think it’s happy time we exchanged so many thoughts.32、What other places have you trained at?11Yes. I have been trained in Zhuhai .The pilots have to have simulator training for one week long each time twice a year.33、Which aircraft do you prefer to fly?A320, It is easy to control and reduce the workload of pilots.34、What do you do when you stay overnight, away from home?I Stay at hotel, read some books as I like, walk around for a wile.35.what do you think of CRM?CRM is very important for flight safety. CRM is the abbreviation for crew resource management. Including12communication,teamwork,situation-awareness,error-mangement,and so on.Good CRM can make the crew work more efficiently.CRM teaches us how to communicate with each other, how to solve problems and how to act duties of cre w members. For example, when the captain control the aircraft, theco-pilot should monitor the situati on of it all the time, he should not be an onlooke r.36.if you have a FO/CAPT that don’t like, how do you handle the situation?Yes, everybody is different, but in flight, we have the SOP’s, and we have the responsibility to do all things right, as a captain, I know a good environment in13cockpit will benefit flight safety. Well, in briefing, I would say it’s so lucky to fly with you and I hope that we can take care for each other within this happy day.37.what are the most important things in dealling with an unusual event?Firstly, I should quickly calm down, and make a c orrect decision.Then I would ask the crew member to play their own duties. At the same time, I would control the aircraft according to standard operational procedur es.At last, the crew member should report to ATC a nd request ATC’s instruction and help.1438.have you ever had to divert to another airport? Why?Yes, I have diverted several times, mainly because of bad weather condition, such as thunderstorm, l ow visibility, heavy rain, and strong cross wind. 39.when you are flying and you encounter wind shear, how do you notify the tower?Yes,I have experienced the wind shear, the first reaction is to control the aircraft, push the throttle to T/G position,follow the FD(Flight Director) and keep its altitude. Then, we should report to the tower the situation of wind shear, including wind shear’s type(head windshear or tail wind shear) and in which path(during takeoff or landing),how far from touchdown, In order to warn other planes after us.1540.How can ATC help?ATC can gave us a lot of help,Maybe The controllers could advice us divert to another airport and provide us with the another airport’s weather.41.what technology changes have you seen in aircraft in the last ten years?The aircrafts are bigger, and more advanced, the voyage is more longer, computers were widely used in aircraft, and then “less paper cockpit” took place, so the plane stepped on a new stage, flying became more easily.We could say that the past ten year was a golden time for aviation industry.42.did you do any training at CAFUC?16Yes,I did some training at CAFUC, but just some basic flight training when I studied for a commercial pilot licence.43.what did you think of the facilities here at that time?Well, In the past, this school was small and the facilities were not well-equipped. There were only two majors, pilot and ATC. There were a few students, all boy students,no girls.44.do you think facilities have improved here? How? Yes, I see many new equipments are installed here, facilities here were very morden, and there are new planes, new simulators, new multi-functional classrooms,excellent teachers, I’m so proud that haven to be a student of CAFUC.17附加：1.What will the aviation industry in China be 10 years from now?As we know, with the development of the society, the economy of China is developing by leaps and bounds, the aviation industry in China will keep go rising ,the potential market is big. It will be more prosperous. 2.Where do you think you will be in 10 years from now?I think ten years later I am still not very old, and I will continue working for the Southern Airline until I retired. I hope the Southern Airline will be better and better.3. Have you ever met bird-strike situation?18Yes. I have experienced three times at yantai airp ort. But they didn’t effect the safety of the flight.4.Have you ever been to this town before?Yes, I graduated from this university.5. Tell something about yourself.My name is Yangbaiyun, and now I am 35 years old. I was born in Changchun in 1972. I am worki ng in china southern airlines as a pilot. I have bee n working there for 13 years.I have a happy family, my wife, my son and I. M y wife is an assistant in the same company with m e. My son is5 years old,he is in elementary school (kindergarten) now.19My family is very humonious.As a pilot,I can not spent a lot of my family member,I am sorry for fo r that,but my family is very glad to assist in my oc cupation.6.Do you think preflight walk around inspection is important?why?Yes,It is important,Because it includes landing ge ar system,hydraulic system,control system,navigatio n system,All these systems are crucial for the safet y,company put more importance on the safety so preflight walk around inspection is necessary.7.Mako is our oral English teacher his oral English i s excellent He is humorous,he often play jokes wit20h us,he enjoy using the body language,and we all like his class.Ms zheng is a dignified and patient lady.whenever we meet problems,she will solove it at once,she g ave us a lot of help.Ms moria and Mr Geoff.They are our listening tea chers,they teach us how to improve our listening l evel in a shot time,they are kind and prudene in t eaching.8.What do you thing of RVSM?RVSM is the abbreviation for reduce vertical sepra tion minimum.RVSM reduces the delaying of aviati on on the ground and holding in the air, increases the airtraffic flow,the available space becomes mo re.it can greatly save fuel,reduce the cost of comp21any,and it can be better to protect the environmen t.22。
空管英语标准答案OPI 11
OPI 113.Please talk about the work shift in your unit?请谈一谈你单位如何换班？We are divided into four groups, we have to work 2 days in every 4 days. But it is not whole 2 days. We are on duty for the whole first day, and the next day we are at work from the morning to next morning. When we are on duty, we change positions every 2 hours.Now let’s talk about ATC clearance.4. Could you please tell me something about the ATC clearance limit?请你告诉我一些关于放行限制的事情？There are two kinds of limitation. One is whether the clearance satisfy the flow control; the other one is whether the weather condition suit the clearance standard. 5. When should ATC controllers issue a clearance to a flight?什么时候管制员能准许一架航班的放行？When pilot requests all kinds of clearance.6. Generally, what information should be included in ATC clearance? Please give an example.通常，放行许可都包含什么信息？请举个例子ATC clearance contains flight plan route, departure procedure, QNH, initial climb level and squawk number. For example: CSN6101 cleared to Beijing via flight plan route, follow DHN01D, initial climb and maintain 900meters, QNH1011 squawk 6101.7. If one flight enters a controlled airspace without your clearance, what should you do to solve the problem?如果一个航班在管制空域中没有接到你的放行，你将如何处理这个问题？I do not approve this flight continue flying and control this aircraft to hold at present position and inquire reason of entering my airspace without clearance and report it to leader immediately.8. What consequences would there be if you didn’t realize the mistakes you ma de ina clearance?如果你没有意识到你发的放行许可里的错误，会有什么后果？It may cause the flight climb to the wrong level, wrong heading and procedure and conflict with other flight.9. As a controller, how can you ensure the clearances you issue to the flight crew are proper and correct?作为管制员，你如何确保发给机组的许可是完整和正确的？Firstly, I should think it over; secondly,I should issue the clearance clearly and correctly; thirdly, I should pay attention to pilot’s repeat.。
空管英语标准答案opi 4
How long have you been working as an air traffic controller?作为一名空中交通管制员，你已经工作多久了？I have been ....2. What is your working position?你的工作岗位是什么？I am a ......3.Do you enjoy your job at present? Why?目前你喜欢你的工作吗？为什么？Yep, definitely! Actually, I am proud of my job as well because all the flights in an airport are under my control.Now, let’s talk something about bomb threats.4. Have you ever controlled an aircraft experiencing a bomb threat? If not, do you know a story about this?你曾经指挥过一架飞机经历炸弹威胁吗？如果没有，你知道关于这方面的故事？No, I haven’t. But I have once heard a story about it. Couple of years ago, anonymous call said there was a bomb on board, so the controller immediately contacted the flight and instructed it to the particular area before it takeoff. Ironically, it was a lie and wasted a long time.5. Have you ever received any bomb threat training in a simulator?你在模拟机上曾经接受过一些关于炸弹威胁的训练吗？Yes, I have. And I think I learned a lot in the training.6. In your opinion, what are some important pieces of information you should gather when a bomb threat occurs?在你的意识里，当炸弹威胁发生时，你最应该收集的重要信息是什么？Well, I should make clear the number of people on board, including the flight crew and passengers. What’s more, I should try to get the information of the bomb and the pilot’s intention.7. If you receive an anonymous call saying there is a hand bomb on board, what procedures should you follow to handle the situation?如果你收到一个匿名电话说，有炸弹在飞机上，你应该用什么程序来掌控这一事件？Firstly, I must make clear the situation and pilot’s intention; then I should instruct other flights to avoid; And while I keep touch with the pilot, I should report the emergency to supervisors and related units, such as fire crew and ambulance.8. If the flight with the bomb threat is going to divert to your airport, how would you handle it?如果有炸弹威胁的飞机将要备降到你的机场，你应怎么样应对？I should control other flights aovid this aircraft and advise the police, ambulance, fire engine and control this flight stay far from other aircraft after landing.9.When bomb threat occurs, what help can you give the flight crew to assist themthrough the emergency?当炸弹威胁发生时，有哪些帮助是你能给机组提供的，协助他们渡过危险？As is widely accepted, the controller must be anxious when bomb threat happens. However, the pilot on board feel worse, so I should try to make them calm and follow their requests for priority. Only in this way, the flight can be safe as much as it can. The following questions are about fire on board.10. Which one do you think is more dangerous, a bomb threat or a fire on board? Why?你认为炸弹威胁和机身起火那个更危险？为什么？I think the fire on board is more dangerous. On one hand, we have some time to handle with bomb threat but we don’t if there is fire on board. On the other hand, the flight and people on board would suffer from fire immediately.11. What may cause a fire on board?能导致机身起火的原因都有什么？Well, the reasons could be manifold. For example, engine fire, wire fire and illegal smoking on board. So, safety check before takeoff is essential and smoking must be strictly forbidden.12. If a pilot reports passengers were injured, how would it affect your control operation?如果飞行员报告乘客受伤了，它能影响到你的管制指挥吗？Yes, of course, because any injury requires priority landing. Thus, other flights need to give way, and my work load will be increased.13. Are there any standard procedures for controllers to follow for fire on board? If yes, please explain.管制员对于机身起火有什么标准程序吗？如果有，请解释。
空管英语标准答案opi
1. Which ATC unit do you work in你在那个空管部门工作I work in Tower Control unit belonging to Xi'an Xian Yang international airport.2. What’ your position now and what’s the main responsibility of your position现在你在什么岗位你的岗位最重要的职责是什么I am an instructor and I take charge of all the flights’ leaving and arriving.3.Have you ever received some training related to air trafficcontrol recently Could you say something about that4.最近你们经常受到和空管有关系的一些培训是什么你能谈谈吗Yes, I have. I received the radar simulation training during my try-on period. That was the first time I got into some practical emergent situations. And, I do think I learned a lot in that training.Let’s talk about abnormal situations4. What kind of abnormal situations have you ever experienced in the past过去,什么类型的不正常情况是你经历过的Well, almost everyone described in the text book: Radar failure, communication failure, TCAS and instrument failure, engine failure,windshield problem caused by bird strike , pressurization failure and decompression.5. According to your understanding, what are the main principles when dealing with abnormal situations就你的理解,当不正常情况发生时,什么是最主要的准则I think we must keep calm when talk with pilot through the transmitter, make sure the nature of emergency and pilot intention, maintain safety separation, and give pilot sufficient time and maximum support to work on their problem.6. What personality should an air traffic controller have when dealing with abnormal or emergency situations当不正常情况或紧急情况发生时,作为一名空管员应具备什么样的品质An air traffic controller must be clear minded and calm, for thecontroller is the very person who instruct the aircraft out of emergency.7. Do you have standard procedures for abnormal or emergency situations in your control unit Could you please give an example 在你的管制部门,有标准程序应对不正常或紧急事件吗你能给举个例子吗Yes, we have. When radar failure occurs, we advise aircraft radar failure and resume procedure control; Then, we establish procedure separation, report to radar maintenance man and leader; advise other control units radar failure and make the aircraft wait in their area according to radar failure procedure.8.Have you ever had trouble in communicating with foreign pilotswhen dealing with abnormal situations If yes, how did you overcome the trouble to ensure flight safety9.当不正常情况发生时,你感觉和国外机组通话有难度吗如果是,你怎样战胜困难来确保飞行安全Yes, I have. Sometimes it’s hard to understand the pilots because of their fast talking speed and unusual expression. Last time I met this situation, we repeated our sentences very slowly for many timesuntil we could understand each other. To solve it, we must practice our spoken English and listening. Furthermore, both the pilots and we must use standard communication to avoid any possible misunderstanding.9.Assume the flight crew report that one passenger onboard had aheart attack, how do you handle the situation when you are on duty当你值班的时候,机组报告一位乘客的心脏病发作了,你应该如何处理I should instruct priority landing or landing to alternative according to the pilot’s intention; Then, coordinate airforce make this flight direct to landing airport to save time, control other flight avoid and call ambulance wait at landing airport.Now, let’s change to the topic related to flow control10. What reasons may cause flow control什么原因能导致流控Well the reasons could manifold, for example: Bad weather , airforce traffic, and human factors.11. Do you think it is necessary to impose flow control你认为利用流控的原因是什么Yes, I do. It reduces the contr ollers’ working pressure and the route congestion to maintain safety.12. What consequences does flow control bring to controllers, airline companies, pilots and passengers respectively流控给空管,航空公司,机组和旅客带来的后果分别是什么Flow control can reduce the controllers pressure; but it increases airline companies cost, increase pilots’ pressure by extending flying time, and annoy passengers by increasing waiting time.13. Who is responsible for making a decision to control traffic flow 谁负责做出一个决定来控制交通流量It’s the control unit who make it. They do it according to the nature of the airport.14. What factors should be taken into consideration when making a decision to control traffic flow当做了一个管制流控决定时,什么因素将被考虑It should not last too long otherwise there could be unexpectedsituations. On the other hand, important fights should be given priority.15. After a long delay on the ground because of flow control, pilots are likely to be anxious, how do you deal with their complaints and quarrels on your frequency由于流控在地面被延误很长时间后,机长很焦急,你如何在你的波道里化解他们的抱怨和争吵I should remain calm and patient. More importantly, I should make the pilots clearly informed with reason of flow control and the latest estimated departure time.。
2018年管制人员英语能力测试OPI新话题归纳
2018年管制人员英语能力测试OPI新话题归纳人为因素Q1. Can you tell me what is human factor?A: Human factor means during operation, human being will play an important part in safety and efficiency.Q2. Can you give me some examples of human error?A: Sure, human error includes wrong ATC instructions, pilot mistake, communication misunderstanding, wrong data or missing information.Q3. How to reduce the risk of human error?A: First, we should follow standard operation procedures(SOP) and regulations. Then, we must confirm before making any move. Also, we should rely on teamwork, use strips and maintain monitoring.Q4. As a controller, how do you deal with fatigue?A: First, we must have enough rest before taking a shift. Then, we have teamwork to share workload, also, my co-worker will monitor my instructions, correct me if there is mistake. If necessary, we can request a shift change to maintain the safety of operation.空域优化和RVSMQ1. Can you describe the airspace under your control?A: No problem. I’m an approach cont roller, my airspace is from the ground to 6000m, except the airport area.I’m a tower controller, my airspace is from the ground to 1500m upwind, plus 20km of final.Q2. How to optimize the airspace under your control? Can you give some suggestions?A: I think we can do 3 things to optimize the airspace. First, we should separate arrival and departure flights to avoid conflict. Then, we can use better procedures, like RNAV. Also, we can apply more direct flight to reduce delay in the air.Q3. What is RVSM?A: RVSM stands for Reduced Vertical Separation Minimum/Management. It means for all a/c within 8900m and 12500m, the vertical separation is reduced from 600m to 300m.Q4. Can you tell me what to do if a non-RVSM aircraft enters RVSM airspace?A: Sure. First, ATC should instruct the a/c to vacate RVSM airspace immediately, then, we should confirm the reason and maintain necessary separation. Also, we can provide radar vector for the a/c to detour RVSM airspace. If necessary, we should inform related ATC units.相似航班号Q1. What should you do if there are similar callsigns in your airspace?A: First, we should monitor pilot readback to avoid misunderstanding. Then, we should always use strip and check callsign before issuing any instruction. Also, we can add one letter in the callsign to mark the differences.RNAV 区域导航Q1. What is RNAV? What is the difference between RNAV and conventional navigation?A: RNAV stands for Regional Navigation. It uses GPS to provide navigation functions. The only difference is RNAV uses satellite-based signal. It doesn’t require a land-based station.地面安保问题Q1. If pilot reported passenger fighting on the a/c, and the a/c is on the ground, what should ATC do?A: First, we should confirm the situation on board, like injury, number of fighting people, the reason of fighting.Then, we can provide ground security service or inform the airport police.If it caused delay, we should inform related ATC units, change or cancel expected departure time if necessary.危险货物Q1. Can you name some dangerous goods that can’t be taken on board?A: OK, we can’t take liquid, poisonous, radioactive or explosive things on board. Also, we can’t take matches, lighter, weapons with us.续航问题Endurance Problem （今年新改了标准，按FAA定义说）Q1. What is Emergency fuel? What is Low (Minimum) fuel?什么是紧急油量，什么是最低油量？A: Emergency fuel means the A/C can only fly direct to the landing runway and there is no more endurance or reserved fuel. Usually, it’s a MAYDAY situation. ATC should provide immediate landing and top priority.Low (Minimum) fuel means the A/C can follow flight planned route to landing runway, but it can’t accept any more holding or delay. Usually, it only has the endurance for 30min’s standard holding at 450m before fuel starvation. IT’S NOT AN EMERGENCY.ATC should avoid providing any more holding instruction. We should provide priority landing or radar vector.Q2. What may lead to endurance problem?什么原因会导致续航问题？A: There are many reasons may lead to endurance problem, such as bad weather, fuel leakage, engine problem, wrong fuel data and too much holding.有很多原因可能导致续航问题，比如恶劣天气、燃油泄漏、引擎故障、燃油数据错误和过久等待。
空管英语标准答案opi 3
1. Do you often communicate with foreign pilots in English? If yes, do you have any problems in radiotelephony communication?你经常与外国飞行员用英语通讯吗？如果是的，你在用无线电通讯中有什么问题吗？Yes, I do. But, you know, sometimes it’s difficult to understand the pilots because of their fast talking and unusual expression.2. Do you think it is necessary to speak English in radiotelephony communication with Chinese pilots? Why?你认为与中国飞行员在无线电通讯中讲英语是必须的吗？为什么？No, I don`t. . Because it can cause misunderstanding.3.Do you think speaking English may cause more communicationmisunderstanding? Why?你认为讲英语可能引起更多的通讯误会吗？Yes, I do, because most of Chinese pilots and controllers are not good at it.Now, let’s talk something about runway incursions.4. The runway is a critical area for flight safety; do you know anything about runway incursions?对于飞行安全，跑道是一个关键区域，你知道任何关于跑道入侵的事情吗？As the theory(理论) goes, it means anyuncleared aircraft and vehicle’s entering to active runway, crossing the wait position of runway, anddisturbing the landing or departure aircraft.5. What could cause a runway incursion?什么能够引起跑道入侵？Well, the reasons could be manifold, but the most common one is the communication failure between pilots, vehicle drivers and controllers.6. What consequences may a runway incursion bring?跑道入侵可能带来什么样的后果？Runway incursion may cause the aircraft collision with other departure or landing aircraft and vehicle on the runway, and increase the controller work load and pressure.7. When the runway is illegally occupied, what should a tower controller do?当跑道被非法占用的时候，作为一名塔台管制员应该做些什么？The tower controller should order the unlawful aircraft or vehicle immediately to vacate the runway and control the landing aircraft wait until the runway is clear.8. In order to prevent a runway incursion from happening, what special rules or regulations should you follow?为了防止跑道入侵的发生，你必须遵循什么特殊的规则和管理？I should supervise every move of flights and vehicles, instruct them to use the standard taxiway and use standard communication.9.Have you ever heard of or encountered a runway incursion? Please tell the story.And what did you learn from the incident?你曾经听过或遇到过跑道入侵吗？请告诉我这个故事，从这次事故中你能学到什么？Yes, I have. An aircraft entered the runway without the controller’s clearance and caused the go-around of landing aircraft. Fortunately, the landing aircraft successfully landed on the second approach. From this incident I learn that I should supervise every move the flights and vehicles carefully.The following questions are about fuel dumping10. Have you ever controlled an aircraft dumping fuel?你曾经指挥过飞机放油吗？Yes, I have. An aircraft flew into my area, reported the right engine failure and requestedto return to Beijing airport , but , firstly, it must dump the redundant fuel to reduce weight. Finally, it landed safely.11. Under what conditions does an aircraft need to dump fuel?在什么条件下，飞机需要放油？Normally, if the aircraft with emergency requests to land but is overweight, it must dump fuel before landing.12. Could you please describe the fuel dumping procedures in your airspace?请你描述在你的空域中飞机放油的过程？In my airspace we should control the aircraft dumping fuel in the fuel dumping area, advise pilot route, alitiude and weather information about the fuel dumping area and control other aircraft avoid this aircraft.13. What information should an air traffic controller relay to other aircraft flight crews before fuel dumping begins?在放油开始之前，一名管制员应该提供什么信息给其他的飞行机组？Before fuel dumping begin we should advise other aircraft the fuel dumping aircraft ＇s altitude ,fuel dumping area and estimate the duration of fuel dumping. 14. How would fuel dumping affect other aircraft near the fuel dumping area?飞机放油是怎么样影响放油区的其他飞行器的？The fuel dumping would affect other pilots sight and influence flight safe and other aircraft near the fuel dumping area should change heading and altitude to avoid this aircraft.15. What help can controllers provide to a flight crew when they need to dump fuel? 管制员能提供给机组什么帮助，当他们需要放油的时候？The controllers should provide to the pilot fly heading to the fuel dumping area, altitude and weather information about the fuel dumping area .。
民航管制基础英语知识考试试题
民航管制基础英语知识考试试题
以下是一份民航管制基础英语知识考试试题，供您参考：
一、选择题（请从下列四个选项中选出一个最佳答案）
1. 当飞机准备降落时，飞行员会向地面塔台发出什么信号？
A. 请求许可
B. 开始降落
C. 继续上升
D. 改变航向
2. 在航空交通管制中，哪个指令用于指示飞机向右转？
A. 右
B. 左转
C. 右转
D. 保持方向
3. 当飞机需要爬升高度时，飞行员会执行什么操作？
A. 加速
B. 减速
C. 拉杆
D. 推杆
4. 在空中交通管制中，哪个指令用于指示飞机上升到特定高度？
A. 爬升到
B. 下降到
C. 保持高度
D. 无高度变化
5. 当一架飞机从雷达屏幕上消失时，空管员会立即执行什么操作？
A. 发出警报
B. 联系飞行员
C. 通知其他飞机
D. 重新扫描雷达
二、填空题（请在空白处填写正确的答案）
6. 在航空交通管制中，用于指示飞机向左转的指令是__________。
7. 当飞机需要下降高度时，飞行员会执行__________操作。
8. 在空中交通管制中，用于指示飞机下降到特定高度的指令是__________。
9. 当空管员想要通知飞行员飞机已经偏离预定航道时，会发出__________指令。
10. 当空管员发现有潜在的飞行冲突时，他们会发出__________指令来提醒飞行员采取适当的避让措施。
空中交通管制员空中交通管制英语术语考核试卷
(B) Issuing takeoff and landing clearances
(C) Providing air traffic information
(D) Monitoring weather conditions
(B) Issuing landing clearances
(C) Managing traffic in the terminal area
(D) Providing radar vectors
( )
6. What are the main functions of an Aerodrome Control Tower (ACT)?
(A) Class A
(B) Class B
(C) Class C
(D) Class X
( )
15. What is the English term for "雷达管制"?
(A) Radar Control
(B) Visual Control
(C) Ground Control
(D) Radio Control
(A) Class A
(B) Class E
(C) Class F
(D) Class G
( )
3. An aircraft's call sign typically includes:
(A) The registration number
(B) The type of aircraft
(C) The airline's abbreviation
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OPI 9
1. Why did you choose to be an air traffic controller?为什么你选择成为一名管制员？
Because I am interested in it and it is of good prospect.
2. What was your first impression of your work?在你工作中，什么是第一印象？When I first knew my work , I considered it respectful and interesting.
Now let’s talk about bird activities.
4. Could you say something about the bird activities at your airport?
你能谈谈关于你的机场的鸟群活动吗？
In spring and summer many kinds of bird fly around the airport such as crow, sparrow and swallow,and they influence fly safety so we have to use dispersing van todrive them away.
5. How do bird activities influence flight safety?
鸟群活动是怎样影响飞行安全的？
On one hand, they may be sucked into the engine; on the other hand, they may hit the windscreen during takeoff and landing, which is quite harmful for the flight.
6. If you receive a report that there is a flock of birds in the vicinity of your airport, what will you do?
如果你接到有一大群鸟在你机场附近，你将怎么做？
I would report it to ground service and apply for dispersing van. What’s more, I would advise the pilot to notice the flock of birds.
7. What are some possible consequences to an aircraft if it ingests birds into the engine?
如果飞机发动机吸进了飞鸟，有什么可能的后果？
it may cause engine flame or engine overheat even explosion on air. So it should by no means be ignored.
8.Have you ever experienced any coordination between ATC units concerning bird
strike?
你曾经在管制单位之间协调过涉及鸟击的事情吗？
Yes, I have. An aircraft was attacked by bird during takeoff rolling. But the pilot reported it after takeoff. Fortunately, everything was fine.
The following questions are about VIP flights.
9. In China, what flights can be categorized as VIP flights?
在中国，什么飞行被视为VIP飞行？
In China, very important passenger on board such as mayor, president is called VIP flight and the important flight plan such as first aid flight and rescue flight are also called VIP flight.
10. What are some priorities that VIP flights have over normal flights?
VIP航班比正常航班有什么优先权？
They are not restricted by flow control and they enjoy advanced ground service.
11. If normal flights encounter emergency, should VIP flights give way to the flight with the emergency? Why?
如果正常飞行遭遇到险情，VIP飞行将给遇险航班让路，为什么？
Yes, they should. VIP flights enjoy priority in normal situation. However, in emergency flight safety is more important than VIP priority.
12. Can you introduce the standard procedures used to control VIP flights in your daily work?
你能介绍下在你日常工作中指挥VIP飞行的标准程序吗？
In my daily work we should report the VIP flights departure time to leader and airforce and maintain the double separation between VIP flights and normal flight. 13. If your control unit receives a VIP flight plan from the dispatch office, how will you deal with it?
如果你的管制单位从签派接到VIP飞行计划，你如何处理它？
If I receive a VIP flight plan I should report to control unit leaders and airforce the VIP flight plan and mark VIP flight in the flight plan.
14. Do you know the radar separation between VIP flights and normal flights?
你知道VIP飞行和普通飞行的雷达间隔吗？
Yes, I do. We should maintain double radar separation standard and maintain double level between VIP flight and normal flight.
15. Is it more difficult to ensure the security of VIP flights than normal flights? Why?
确认VIP飞行安全与普通航班飞行安全是不同的？为什么？
No, there is no difference. Every flight is important though we pay more attention to VIP flights.。