专题六,句子成分,五种基本句型

专题六、句子成分和五种简单句型

一、句子成分分类

1．主语:主语是谓语讲述的对象，表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”。一般由名词、代词、不定

代词或相当于名词的单词或短语来充当，也有从句充当的现象。大多数主语都在句首。如：

We didn’t have enough time to think about problems by ourselves.

She enjoys reading books and listening to music.

Every coin has two sides（任何事物都有两面性）

Three are enough.

To spit in public is not polite.

Seeing English films is a good way to learn English well.

What we need is food.

▲在个别句型中，主语在整个句子后面，这时前面用it作形式主语。如：

It took two workers about three months to build the house.

I t’s our duty to protect the environment.

It’s very exciting not to have extra classes on holidays.

It is important for us to obey traffic rules.

On the other hand, there are some disadvantages to go online

2．谓语:谓语时用来说明主语“做什么”、“是什么”或“怎么样”，谓语必须是动词，谓语

和主语在“人称”和“数”两方面必须一致。如：

She gets on/along well with（与……相处的很好）her friends.

She enjoys reading books and listening to music.

we can also take some exercise together to keep fit/ keep healthy/ be in good health(为了身体的健康).

Huaguo Mountain is a famous tourist attraction in Lianyungang.

Our after—school activities are very colorful, such as playing balls, singing, dancing, drawing and so on（等等）.

Great changes have taken place since 60 years ago.

But a few years ago,a lot of bad behaviors happened quite often during the travel. My money has run out.

3.表语:表语说明主语“是什么”或“怎么样”，由名词、形容词、介词、副词、不定式及相

当于名词的词或短语来充当，它的位置在系动词后面。

⑴、系动词的分类：

第一类：表示特征或状态的，有be，look/seem/appear，feel，smell，taste，sound，

You don’t look very well. The skirt feels soft.

The music sounds beautiful. The roses smell sweet. Mrs. Li was a strict but kind teacher.

第二类：表示从一种状态到另一种状态的变化，有become，get，grow，turn，fall，go，come等。

He became a world-famous scientist.

It is getting warmer and warmer.

If you study hard, your dream will come true.

As soon as she got home, she fell asleep.

第三类：表示保持状态的，有keep，remain，stay。

Please remain seated and the plane is taking off.

⑵The news was surprising. My mom is friendly, wise and patient.

His job is teaching English.（动名词）

In his opinion（他认为）, the best ways are reading English newspapers and talking with friends.（动名词）

The only way is to give the child more help.（不定式）

The best way to learn English is to use it.

This is why he was late.（从句）

4．宾语:宾语是动作、行为的对象，由名词、代词、不定式、或相当于名词的词或短语或从句来充当，它和谓语动词一起说明主语是什么，通常放在谓语动词，介词的后面。有时，会有双宾语。如：

名词作宾语He never forgives others for their mistakes.

代词做宾语He often helps me.

不定式作宾语He likes to sleep in the open air.

动名词作宾语The Americans enjoyed living in China.

Thanks for inviting me to your dinner.

What about going out for a walk?

I am looking forward to meeting you.

I am used to living in the city.

从句做宾语I believe that they can finish the work in time.

I don’t know if there is going to be rain tomorrow.

Can you tell me when he will come ?

5．定语：定语用来修饰名词或代词。形容词、代词、数词、名词、介词短语、不定式或相当于形容词的词或短语等都可以充当定语。如：

形容词作定语The black bike is mine.

代词作定语What’s your name?

名词作定语They made some paper flowers.

介词短语作定语The boys in the room are in Class Three, Grade One.

不定式作短语I have lots to eat and drink.

Water Park is a good place to have fun.

Plan your time carefully and make sure you have some time to do what you like every day.

You had better find ways to learn English well.

Whenever you have a chance to speak English, you should take it.