被动语态(资料)

肯定句：主语+be+过去分词+（by…）.

否定句：主语+be not+过去分词+（by…）.

一般疑问句：Be+主语+过去分词+（by…）.

特殊疑问句：疑问词+be+主语+过去分词+（by…）.

被动语态的时态是由be动词的时态决定的，be动词是什么时态，全局就是什么时态，be动词后面的过去分词不变。

被动语态的始终时态（以动词give为例），其被动语态的时态构成如下：

例句：

一般现在时：①History is made by the people.

②He is often asked to do this work.

一般过去时：These new cars were made in Tianjin in 2006.

一般将来时：Many believe that one day the earth will be destroyed if people do not learn to live in peace.

现在进行时：A new railway is being built.

过去进行时：The roads were being widened.

现在完成时：He has been sent to work in Shanghai.

过去完成时：A new hotel had been built when I got there.

◆动词的五种形式：大部分动词都有以下五种变化形式（以use为例）

原形：use；现在时：use，uses；过去时：used；过去分词：used；现在分词：using

◆被动语态的否定句：be动词后加not

Eg：This song is not liked by young people.

◆被动语态的疑问句：把be动词放在句首，就构成了被动语态的一般疑问句；而“疑问词+一般疑问句就构成了被动语态的特殊疑问句。

It was made of bamboo.---------What was is made of?

被动语态的几种类型：

一、由及物动词构成的被动语态：

1.有一个宾语的句子（SVO）的被动语态

主动句：主+谓+宾

被动句：主+be+过去分词+by+宾语（原主动句的宾格形式）

eg：①He wrote this poem yesterday.

--------This poem was written by him yesterday.

②Thousands of tourists will visit Kunming this year.

---------Kunming will be visited by thousands of tourists this year.

2.有两个宾语的句子（SVOO）的被动语态

主动句：主+谓+间接宾语+直接宾语

被动句：主（原间接宾语）+be + 过去分词+原（直接宾语）+by+ 原主语的宾格

主（原直接宾语）+be+ 过去分词+原（间接宾语）+by+原主语的宾格

注意：用直接宾语做被动语态的主语时，保留在过去分词后面的保留宾语之前可加一个适当的介词，如to，for，of等，以加强间接宾语的语气（这种被动形式较常用，必须牢记）。

eg：①He showed the guard his pass.

-----The guard was shown the pass(by him).

-----The pass was shown (to) the guard (by him). 如果加了to，则强调给卫兵看，而不是给别人看。

常用双宾语的动词：allow, answer, ask, award, buy, do, give, make, offer, pass, pay, promise, show, sell, send, sew, sing, tell, teach, write.

这类句型在被动语态上区分为下列三种：

1)可有两种被动语态的动词：award 奖励、颁奖，buy买，give给，leave离开，lend借给，offer提供，

pay支付，teach教授，教学，tell告诉，show展示、指示、引导

eg：He lent me a bike.

----A bike was lent to me (by him).

----I was lent a bike (by him).

2)通常用直接宾语做被动语态主语的动词有：bring拿来、带来，do做、制作，make制作、使成为，

pass通过、传递，sell出售、卖，send送、寄，sing唱歌，sew缝制，write书写、写信给

eg：He wrote her a letter.

----A letter was written (to) her by him.

----She was written a letter. (不合习惯)

3.含有宾语补足语的句子的被动语态

主动句：主+谓+宾+宾语补足语

被动句：主+be+过去分词+宾语补足语+by+原主语的宾格形式

有宾语补足语的主动语态改为被动语态时，补足语放在过去分词之后，其位置虽然保持不变，但语法功能变了——此时的补足语不再是宾语补足语，而变成了主语补足语。

eg：We call her beauty.

---She is called beauty (by us)

注意：所有带不定式宾语补足语的动词，在变为被动语态时，不定式前都要加to，特别是感官动词（fell，hear，listen to，look at，observe，see，watch）和使役动词（have，make）。在主语语态的句子中，宾语补足语前省略to；在变为被动语态时，主语补语前一律加to；但含有let的句子在变为被动语态时，to可以省略。

eg: ①He saw a thief steal something from the room.

-----A thief was seen to steal something from the room.

②The great news made her feel happy.

-----She was made to feel happy by the great news.

③I heard her sing in her room a few minutes ago.

-----She was heard to sing in her room a few minutes ago (by him).

④They let Mary go.

-----Mary was let go.