高考英语中译英指导

高考中译英解题方法和技巧

作者：杨浦区教师进修学院李倩来源：上海中学生报 2008-06-05

一、判断句型，构建框架

句型好比是句子的骨架，选用合适的句型是做好中译英的第一步，也是至关重要的一步。英语中句子通常分为简单句、并列句和复合句，其中有一些较为固定的常用句型更是高考经常考查的内容，熟悉并学会运用这些句型将有助于同学们很快建立句子结构，完成翻译。下面就是一些需要掌握的常见句型：

There is no need for sb. to do sth. ...

It is no good doing sth. ...

It is no use doing sth. ...

It’s a waste of time doing sth. ...

It is necessary/important for sb. to do sth. ...

It suddenly occurred to sb. that ...

It seems/appears/ happens that ...

The more ... , the more ...

The reason why ... was that ...

What matters is not ... but ...

祈使句+and/or ...

In spite of the fact that ... , ...

There is no doubt that ...

It won’t be long before ...（从句谓语用一般现在时）

I’d appreciate it very much if you could ...

It’s said/believed/reported/estimated that ...

Where there is ... , there is ...

As an old saying goes, ...

Word came that ...

Chances are that ...

It remains to be seen whether ...

（It is） no wonder that ...

It is taken for granted that ...

It is known to all that ...

It takes sb. some time to do sth. ...

... so ... that ...

Be sure to do ...

It is certain that ...

A is to

B what

C is to D.

It makes no difference whether ...

It all depends on sb./sth. whether ...

... makes it a rule to do sth. ...

Make sure that ...（从句谓语用一般现在时）

二、把握关键词，熟悉短语搭配

历年高考中译英题的考核点中，短语搭配占了很大的比重，其中动词短语尤为重要。正确使用关键词，用好短语搭配，往往会使难题迎刃而解。下面是近几年高考出现的短语考点：

1.我们将作进一步的讨论，然后再作出最终结论。（before）（2001年高考）

We will have a further discussion before we draw a final conclusion.

2.当时，那位出租车司机别无选择，只能求助于顾客。（choice）（2002年高考）

At that time, the taxi driver had no choice but to turn to the tourist （for help）.

3.这条铁路横贯平原，把那个偏远山城与海港连接了起来。（remote）（2003年高考）

The railway crosses the plain and connects the remote mountain city with the sea port.

4.你该就刚才的所作所为向在场的人道歉。（apologize）（2004年高考）

You should apologize to the people present for what you have just done.

5.多吃蔬菜和水果有益健康。（good）（2005年高考）

Eating more vegetables and fruits does good to one’s health.

6.我忘了提醒他面试的时间。（remind）（2007年高考）

I forgot to remind him of the time for the interview.

三、了解汉英差异，避免误入陷阱

1.连词

中文中，“因为……所以……”“虽然……但是……”“除非……否则……”等常用来表示因果、转折等关系。但是在英语中，不能同时使用并列连词和状语从句的连词。例如：

除非采取紧急措施，否则我们的计划将流产。

Unless we take urgent measures, or our plan will be spoiled.（?菖）

Unless we take urgent measures, our plan will be spoiled.（?菁）

他尽管双目失明，却没有放弃作家梦。

Although he was blind in both eyes, but he didn’t give up his dream of being a writer.（?菖）

Although he was blind in both eyes, （yet） he didn’t give up his dream of being a writer.（?菁）

2.语态

在中英不同的语言文化中，主动和被动的表达存在着一定的差异。有时中文看似主动，译成英语却应用被动形式；有时中文是被动的意思，在英语中却用主动形式。

以下情形中常用英语的主动形式表示中文的被动意思：

（1）某些连系动词（如look, sound, smell, feel, taste, prove等）要用英语主动形式表中文被动意义。例如：

他告诉我的事情被证实是真的。

What he told me proved to be true.

（2）当read, wash, sell, clean, cook, cut, wear, carry等用作不及物动词且表示主语的某种属性时，通常要用英语主动形式表示中文被动意义。例如：这本书被卖得很快。

The book sells quickly.

（3）当open, close, shut, lock, move等用作不及物动词且表示主语的某种属性时，通常用英语主动形式表示中文被动意义。例如：

这门关不上。

The door won’t shut.

（4）某些“be+形容词+to do”结构中的不定式通常要英语用主动形式表示中文被动意义。例如：

这篇学术论文很难被翻译过来。

The academic article is difficult to translate.