动词不定式的用法导学案

动词不定式的用法导学案

Ⅰ. 时态语态：

主动形式被动形式

一般式to do to be done

完成式to have done to have been done

进行式to be doing /

完成进行式to have been doing /

否定形式not to do not to be done

疑问词＋不定

wh－to do wh－to be done

式

复合结构sb.to do/for sb.to do /

Ⅱ、不定式的时态意义

不定式的时态是以句中谓语动词的时间为依据的

（1）一般式表示的动作或状态__________________________________________。

They made plans to live in Paris. 他们计划住在巴黎。（to live 发生在made plans之后）

（2）进行式表示其动作正在进行，____________________________________。

He pretended to be listening to me carefully. 他假装认真地听我讲。

（3）不定式的完成时表达下列意义：

A. 不定式的完成式所表示的动作或状态_________________________________________。

I am sorry to have kept you waiting. 对不起，让你久等了。

（to have kept发生在____________ 所表示的时间之前）

She is said to have just completed a novel. 据说她刚完成一部小说。

（to have just completed a novel发生在______________ 所表示的时间之前）

B.用在intended, expected, meant, hoped, promised, planned, wished, thought, desired, was, were等词

后，不定式的完成式表示未曾实现的愿望、期待、想法、打算或计划等。to have + 过去分词表示动作，to have been表示状态。

I meant to have done the work before Sunday. ____________________________（没完成）

I was to have been a doctor. _____________________________________（没当成）

I intended to have come to see you. __________________________________(但没来)

C.用在seem, appear, thing, consider, believe等后，表示一个动作先于另一个动作发生。

I seem to have seen her somewhere before.以前我好像在那见过她。（see在seem之前发生）

He was believed to have been a reporter.都认为他从前干过记者。

（4）不定式的完成进行式表示动作在_________________________。

He was happy to have been staying with his uncle.

He looked too young to have been publishing books for six years.

Ⅲ不定式的语法功能：

动词不定式是一种非谓语动词，不能充当谓语,但仍具有动词的特性，可以有时态、语态的变化，也可以在句中可充当______ _____ _____ _______ ______ _______等Examples:

It is good to help others.

It is my ambition to make sure that the disabled people have access to all public buildings. My ambition is to work in the computer industry when I grow up.

to sit around feeling sorry for myself.

I don’t have time

I am the only student in my class to have a pet snake.

A big company has decided to buy it from me.

I have had to work hard to live a normal life.

Some days I am too tired to get out of bed.

We must call on local government to give financial assistance to disabled people.

1.作主语

动词不定式作主语既可位于句首，也可以用_____做形式主语。例如：

To learn a skill is very important for everyone in society.

翻译：________________________________________

It is necessary for young students to learn a foreign language.

翻译：________________________________________

注意：

“It is + 形容词＋X ＋代词（名词）＋不定式”句型——用of 还是用for

（1）如果句中的形容词表示人物特征或品质，常同of搭配eg：brave, careful, careless, considerate, cruel, rude, generous, right，wrong, kind，nice，good，polite，clever，wise，foolish, silly等。这是一个带有感情色彩的不定式结构，表示褒义时，具有“对……不胜感激”的意思；表示贬义时，含有“真是太……，真是……透了”的意思。

It is kind of you to help me.你帮助我真是太好了。

It was foolish of us to do so.我们这样做真是太傻了。

（2）表示事物性质的形容词eg: easy, difficult, hard, important, impossible, possible, safe, dangerous, necessary常同for 搭配

It’s difficult for me to work out the problem.我要算出这道题目太难了。

It’s very important for students to learn English well.对于学生们来说，学好英语是很重

要

2.作表语

动词不定式作表语常用于以下结构：My wish/ job/ aim/ goal is…及The next step/ 等。例如：

measure is …

Your job is to type the papers in the office.

翻译：________________________________________

The next measure is to stop the river from being polluted.

To see is to believe.

【翻译】_____________________

3.作宾语

常见的只能使用动词不定式作宾语的动词有：arrange，agree, afford, choose, decide, demand, expect, fail, hope, intend, manage, offer, plan, pretend, promise, refuse, wish

等。

eg：

They decided __________________ between these two cities.

他们决定在两座城市之间建一条高速路。

I expect_____________ tomorrow.我期待明天见到你。

注意：

句型，其1) believe, think, consider, feel, make等动词可用于“动词+ it +adj. / n+ to do sth.”

中使用it作形式宾语，而将真正的宾语动词不定式置于句末。eg：

I think it necessary for us to have a good rest after the long work.

翻译：________________________________________

2）有些动词既可以用动词不定式做宾语，也可以用动名词做宾语，二者意义没太大