第1讲 各司其职的8大句子成分

第1讲各司其职的8大句子成分

句子由各个组成部分构成，这些组成部分叫句子成分。句子成分可分为主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补语和同位语等。

一、主语——句子的主体

主语用于说明谓语所表示的动作或状态的执行者，除倒装句外，一般位于句子的开头。主语通常由名词(短语)、代词、数词、动词不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)或从句等充当，用单横线“—”标出。

典例展示学以致用

1.(2021·浙江1月)Aiming to promote our friendship further，we also plan to organize a friendly basketball match.(代词作主语)

2.(2021·浙江6月)The exhibition opens from 3∶00 to 5∶00 every afternoon this month.(名词作主语)

3.(2021·全国乙)Second，it is wise to take a short break after learning for 30 minutes.(不定式短语作主语)

4.(2021·新高考全国Ⅰ)It’s my sincere hope that the newspaper will be more popular among us students.(从句作主语)

5.(2021·全国乙)Staring at the screen is harmful to our eyes.(动名词短语作主语) 用单横线“—”标出下列句子的主语。

1.(2020·全国Ⅰ)She is a warm-hearted and dedicated teacher，who has won general praise.

2.(2020·全国Ⅰ)As for me，my English teacher is the person I respect most.

3.To bring a small gift is a good idea.＝It is a good idea to bring a small gift.

4.To start with，what I intend to stress is that we are about to start our next lesson in Classroom 8 of the Teaching Building at 10 a．m.next Friday.

5.Forming a good habit in our daily life is of great benefit to us.

二、谓语——主语的行为

谓语用来描述主语的行为动作、所处的状态或特征，用双横线“”标出。实义动词可以单独作谓语，有时态、人称和数的变化；系动词不能单独作谓语，系表结构才可以作谓语；助动词和情态动词也不能单独作谓语，后接实义动词方可作谓语。

用双横线“”标出下列句子

的谓语。

1.You should limit the time that

you spend playing computer

games and pay more attention to

other things.

2.I’m delighted to know that

you are going back to your

homeland during this summer

holiday.

3.I have tried this way three

times.

4.I know you worry about it very

much.

三、宾语——动作的对象

宾语是动作的承受者，一般位于及物动词或介词的后面。可以用作宾语的有：名词(短语)、代词、数词、名词化的形容词、不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)和从句等，用“”标出。

四、表语——主语的特征

表语和前面的系动词一起构成复合谓语，用来说明主语的特征、类别、状态和身份等。可以用来作表语的词有：名词(短语)、代词、数词、形容词(短语)、副词、介词短语、不定式(短语)、分词(短语)和从句等，用“”标出。

五、定语——名词的修饰语

定语是用来描述名词的品质与特征的修饰语，它常和名词构成名词短语。单个的单词作定语常放在被修饰词之前，而短语和从句往往放在被修饰词之后。可以用作定语的有：形容词、名词、代词、数词、副词、介词短语、不定式、动名词、分词和从句等，一般用“()”标出。

六、状语——动词、形容词、副词和句子的修饰语

状语是用于修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子的一种成分。可以用作状语的有：副词、名词、形容词、介词短语、不定式、分词和从句等，用“[]”标出。

七、补足语——宾语或主语的补充说明

补足语是用来补充说明宾语或主语的性质、状态等的一种句子成分。补足语有主语补足语和宾语补足语。可以用作补足语的有：名词(短语)、形容词(短语)、副词、介词短语、不定式(短语)、分词(短语)和从句等，用“<>”标出。

八、同位语——同等重要的修饰语

对句子中的名词或代词做进一步解释、说明，与前面的成分在语法上处于同等地位的句子成分叫作同位语。可以用作同位语的有：名词(短语)、代词、数词和从句等，用“{}”标出。

综合演练

根据所给信息补全短文，并注意句子成分

(2021·新高考全国Ⅰ)

Youth and Me

1．Believe it or not(信不信由你)，the first time I happened to read the newspaper Youth a couple of months ago，I felt an urge to finish reading it in one breath.From then on,2.I became one of its keen readers(我成为它的一个忠实的读者)，never missing a single issue of it.While many columns 3.leave a deep impression on me(给我留下了深刻的印象)，the column that stands out most is none other than the one where you regularly put articles about foreign cultures and 4.the most efficient ways of learning English(最有效的学习英语的方法)．I feel privileged to have been introduced to your newspaper,5.which definitely contributes a lot to my progress in English study(这一定会促进我英语学习的进步)．It’s my sincere hope that the newspaper will be more popular among us students.