Ebola Virus埃博拉病毒

Where does the name “Ebola” come from?
The virus is named after the Ebola River in what is now the Democratic Republic of the Congo . That’s where the virus was first discovered in 1976.
What does the virus do to the human body?
• The virus is systemic. That means it can move to and affect every part of the body causing direct damage to organs as well as internal bleeding. This causes shock which drops a person’s blood pressure and causes multisystem organ failure.
– Examples:
• • • • Zaire ebolavirus埃博拉-扎伊尔型(EBO-Zaire) Sudan ebolavirus埃博拉-苏丹型(EBO-Sudan) Reston ebolavirus埃博拉-莱斯顿型(EBO-R) Ivory Coast ebolavirus 埃博拉-科特迪瓦型(EBO-CI)。
• Family: Filoviridae（丝状病毒科）
– Ebola and Marburg（马尔堡病）are only 2 (known) members
• Species: Multiple different species. Commonly named after region of outbreak
Ebola Virus
病毒的自然宿主：大蝙蝠科果蝠
The origin of the virus is unknown but fruit bats are considered the likely host of the Ebola virus, based on available evidence
What is Ebola Virus
Ebola virus disease (formerly known as Ebola haemorrhagic fever埃博拉出血热) is a severe, often fatal illness, with a case fatality rate of up to 90%. It is one of the world’s most virulent diseases. The infection is transmitted by direct contact with the blood, body fluids and tissues of infected animals or people. Severely ill patients require intensive supportive care. During an outbreak, those at higher risk of infection are health workers, family members and others in close contact with sick people and deceased（已故的） patients.
According to the latest official WHO figures, 4922 people have died and 13,703 have been infected with the Ebola virus, although experts believe the real totals are much higher.
SYMPTOMS
Symptoms can start within two
days of contact with an infected
person or body
TIREDNESS FEVER HEADACHE
NAUSEA
SYMPTOMS
Become more and more weak
DEATH IS COMMON
Often wash your hands
DO NOT touch or eat "bush meat” or bats
If you have these symptoms please sent for a doctor early！
Why is there no vaccine or drug for Ebola?
There are several promising drugs and vaccines in development but since Ebola is less common—and research about it is not well funded—there is no drug or vaccine that has been approved for use in humans. One experimental serum（血清）was used by the two American patients but there’s not enough for widespread use yet. Many of the other drugs and vaccines have not yet been tested in humans.
Most people will die , but some people can also recover – GETTING HELP EARLY
INCREASES THE CHANCE OF RECOVERY
Therapy and Treatment
To date，there is no effective vaccine or treatment currently available for Ebola The best therapy (probably, the only way) available is to keep an individual as comfortable as possible through hydration （水合作用） plus electrolytes.
PREVEห้องสมุดไป่ตู้TION
You can catch Ebola from someone who is sick or dead , so keep away from them.
Do not touch an infected person or their body fluids
Dead bodies carry the virus. Bury carefully. Keep away.
If there’s no vaccine or cure what are doctors doing to treat Ebola patients?
For now all doctors can do is treat the symptoms and provide supportive care like monitoring heart rate blood pressure and breathing while making sure the patients’ fluids are replenished. Sometimes patients are given antibiotics （抗生素）to treat other possible infections. The hope is to sustain the patient through the infection so their immune system（免疫系统） can eventually clear the virus. This is harder to achieve in rural health systems in West Africa that are tasked with treating thousands of patients with insufficient （不充足的） resources.
Ebola Virus
The ongoing Ebola outbreak in West Africa is the largest and most complicated that the world has ever seen. Since it was identified in the forested regions of south eastern Guinea in March 2014, it has spread to Liberia, Sierra Leone, and Nigeria, and has now been declared a “public health emergency of international concern” by the World Health Organization.
Virus character & Influence
Character特性： The Ebola virus has certain heat resistance, but under the condition of 60 degrees Celsius 60 minutes will be killed The incubation period 潜伏期 ： 2 to 21 days ,Latent period without infectivity Susceptibility 易感性 ： Widespread population susceptibility, unrelated to their age and gender Influence 威力 ： It is the one of the virus of highest fatality rate in the world ,as high as 90% The World Health Organization will be listed as one of the most severe virus harmful to human, its biological security level is "the fourth virus"
Transmission
There is no conclusive evidence for how wild animals contract an EBOV infection. Modes of Human Infection
Common Modes of Contact
Contact with contaminated blood, organs, semen or other bodily secretions（排泄物）. Handling of ill or dead animals. Evidence suggesting respiratory transmission in non-human primates. No evidence that this is possible in humans. Family burial ceremonies Re-using EBOV contaminated needles or syringes in hospitals Health care workers aiding in an outbreak Eating contaminated meat from wild