转译法

Every morning she would go to the lake area for a walk.
每天早上，她都要到湖区去散步。
The operation of a computer needs some knowledge of English.
操作电脑需要一些英文知识。
She jumped up for joy at the news of her husband’s return.
听到丈夫要回来这个好消息，她高兴地跳了起来。
Admission to the university is by examination and selection. Girls are admitted on equal terms with boys.
转译法
由于英语和汉语在句子结构和表达习 惯上的不同，机械地把英语的某一词 类译成汉语的同一词类，把英语的某 一成分，译成汉语的同一成分，显然 是不行的（反之亦然），有时需要转 换一下。这种做法，翻译界把它称为 “转换译法”或简称“转译法”。转 译法大量体现在词类转译和成分转译 上。
词类转换译法 Conversion of Words
They were considered insincere. 他们被认为是伪君子。 ③ 由名词派生的形容词可转译成名词。
The Wilde family were religious. 王尔德全家都是虔诚的教徒。
五、形容词转译成动词
①英语中形容词，尤其是表示感觉和感情的形容 词，往往具有动词的意义。因此在英译汉时表示 感觉和感情的形容词，在系动词后作表语时，往 往 可 以 译 成 动 词 。 如 ： confident, certain, careful, cautious, angry, sure, ignorant, afraid, doubtful, aware, concerned, glad, delighted, sorry, ashamed, thankful, anxious 等。
她苍白的脸色清楚地表明了她那时的情绪。
His words and deeds testify to his honesty. 他的言行证明他是诚实的。
② 有些名词加不定冠词作表语时，往往可以转译成 形容词。
The match was a success. 比赛很成功。
As he is a perfect stranger in the city, I hope you will give him the necessary help.
Speakers called for the liberation of the oppressed of the world.
发言人号召解放世界上的被压迫者。
Rockets have found application for the exploration of the universe.
Most U.S. spy satellites are designed to burn up in the earth's atmosphere after completing their missions.
美国绝大多数间谍卫星，按其设计，是在完成使 命后，在大气层中焚毁。
②英语中的某些感觉动词，如look,sound,taste, smell, feel等，在译成汉语时，常转化为名词。
随着北京变得越来越拥挤，污染问题日益严重， 人们更加意识到需要采取行动来解决这些问题。
With the improvement of the living standard, now people attach great importance to health.
随着生活水平的提高，人们现在很重视健康。
I have the honor to inform you that your request is granted.
我荣幸地通知您，您的请求已得到批准。
四、形容词转译成名词
① 有些形容词加上定冠词表示某一类人，汉译时常译成 名词。
They did their best to help the poor. 他们尽最大努力帮助穷人。
Such materials are characterized by good insulation and high resistance to wear.
这些材料的特点是：绝缘性好，耐磨性强。
To them, he personified the absolute power. 在他们看来，他就是绝对权威的化身。
我怕教不了你游泳。我想我的小弟弟比我教得好。
She is such a trouble-maker that no one likes to be in the same team with her.
她总是制造麻烦，所以没有人愿意和她一组。
③由动词派生的名词可转译成动词（政论文体中 较常出现）
They did their best to help the sick and the wounded. 他们尽了最大的努力帮助病号和伤员。 ② 根据情况还有些形容词可以译成名词。如：
Stevenson was eloquent and elegant——but soft. 史蒂文森有口才、有风度，但很软弱。
Before China’s entry into WTO, there were fears that China would have to make too much concession.
在中国加入世贸组织之前，人们担心中国要 做出过多的让步。
三、名词转译成副词 英语中“介词+名词”结构和具有副词含义的名
词译成汉语时需要转换成副词。
The new mayor earned some appreciation by courtesy of coming to visit the city poor.
新市长有礼貌地前来访问城市贫民，获得了他们 的一些好感。
He looked at me in amazement. 他惊讶地望着我。
这篇发言清楚明白、心平气和地说明了总统希望开 始中美对话的原因。
② 英语动词译成汉语名词时，修饰该动词的副词 往往转译成形容词。
He routinely radioed another agent on the ground.
他跟另一个地勤人员进行了例行的无线电联络。
The President had prepared meticulously for his journey.
Doctors are not sure they can save his life. 医生们不敢肯定他们救得了他的命。
The fact that she was able to send a message was a hint. But I had to be cautious.
她能够给我带个信儿这件事就是个暗示。但是我 必须小心谨慎。
一、名词可转译为形容词 ① 英语中许多形容词都有抽象名词的形式，而
绝大多数汉语形容词却没有名词形式，所以英语 中的这类抽象名词常常可以译成汉语中的形容词。
The pallor of her face indicated clearly how she was feeling at the moment.
进大学要考试，择优录取。女生入学条件与男生 一样。
②带er或or的名词，如teacher, thinker等，有时在句中 并不指其身份和职业，而是含有较强的动作意味。在汉 语中没有恰当的对应名词时，往往可以转译为动词。
The old man was the forgiver of the young man’s past wrong doings.
火箭已经被用来探索宇宙。
The mastery of a foreign language is difficult and requires painstaking effort.
要学好一门外语是不容易的，非下苦功夫不可。
④作为习语主体的名词往往可以转译成动词
They took a final look at Iron Mike, still intact in the darkness.
The sight and sound of our jet planes filled me with special longing.
看到我们的喷气式飞机，听见隆隆的机声，令我 特别神往。
He turned talkative at the mention of tea. 一提到茶，他的话就多起来。
他对这城市完全陌生，所以我希望你能给他必要 的帮助。
Independent thinking is an absolute necessity in study.
独立思考对学习是绝对必需的。
二、 名词可转译成动词 ① 含有动作意味的名词 （在记叙、描写文体中
出现较多） 往往可以转译成动词。
总统为这次出访作了十分周密的准备。 ③ 因表达的需要，以解决英汉两种语言表达方式
不同的矛盾。英语形容词转译成汉语的副词。
He spent an anxious day in the lockup. 他在拘留所焦急地熬过了一天。
With slight repairs, the machine could be in motion.
偶尔下一点毛毛雨，断断续续的闪电使得我们不时 忧虑地朝那儿望去。
It was a clearesident's reasons for willing to begin a Chinese-American dialogue.
②由动词派生出来的形容词，可以转译成 动词。
Sugar is soluble in water. 糖溶于水中。
③英语原文中某些充当定语的形容词译成 汉语后也可以转换为动词。
The old man lay all night on his sleepless bed.
老人躺在床上，彻夜未眠。
老人宽恕了年轻人过去所干的坏事。
The pupil is a good writer. 这个小学生文章写得不错。
I am afraid I can't teach you swimming. I think my little brother is a better teacher than I.
六、形容词转译成副词
① 英语名词译成汉语动词时，修饰该名词的形容词 往往转译成汉语副词。
Occasionally a drizzle came down, and the intermittent flashes of lightening made us turn apprehensive glances toward there.
他们最后看了铁拳麦克一眼——依旧安然无恙地 耸立在黑暗中。
As Beijing becomes increasingly congested and polluted, there has a growing realization that action is needed to tackle these problems.
只要稍加修理，这台机器便可运转。
七、动词转译成名词
① 由名词派生出来的动词，可转译成汉语名词。 如characterize, symbolize, design, behave等， 这些动词在英语中用得很普遍，但是翻译成汉语 时却很难找到与之对等的词因此，译成汉语时， 常常转译为名词。