短语动词与动词短语
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关于短语动词
英语中哪些短语在定语从句中不能拆分
(1)一些常用的固定搭配,如take care of,make use of,catch up with等。
(2)在(1)的基础上来分析和理解为什么某些短语不可拆分
一个短语能否拆分关键在于拆分后是否还能保持其基本意义,如:
look for(寻找) look after (照顾) look forward to (期望)这三个含有look的短语,如果把这些短语拆分,就只剩"look"看的意思,而失去了短语所要表达的含义,因此,这一类短语不能拆分。
再如: live in(居住在……),sit on(坐在……上)等短语拆分后仍能保持其基本意义,这一类短语即可以拆分。
总而言之,记一些常用的搭配是很有必要的,因为某些短语动词就是约定俗成的固定搭配,不熟悉是很难猜出其含义的,如:put in for(申请)等。
短语动词是以实义动词加上介词或副词等构成的多词动词。它们所表示的意义通常不是动词和介词/副词各自词义的简单相加。
在使用时,我们要将短语动词作为一个整体看待。
短语动词可分为及物和不及物两种类型。
对短语动词的考查主要是考查其意义,所以识记和领会短语动词的意义是学习短语动词的关键。
短语动词主要分为以下几种:
一、“动词+介词”构成的短语动词
这类短语动词相当于及物动词,后面须跟宾语。常见的这类短语动词有:
account for(解释) add to(增添) ask for(请求) break into(闯入) call on(拜访) come from(出生于;来自) consist of(由……组成) deal with(对付,应付) depend
on( 依靠) fill in(填写) get over(克服) go over (检查,复习) hear from(收到……的来信) hear of/about(听说) laugh at(嘲笑) lead to(导致) listen to(听) look after(照料) look for(寻找) look into(调查) look on(认为) look through(仔细看) send for(派人去请) wait on(侍候)
请看几个例句:
He could not account for his absence from school.
I called on her this morning.
Everyone laughed at the woman’s mistake.
She is looking after her sick mother.
二、“动词+副词”构成的短语动词。这类短语动词分为两类:及物动词+副词和不及物
动词+副词。
1.及物动词+副词,它相当于一个及物动词。
副词的位置由所接的宾语决定。如果宾语是名词,副词既可以在宾语之前,也可在宾语之后;如果宾语是代词,代词只能放在动词与副词之间。
常见的这类短语动词有:
bring up(抚养) call off(取消) carry out(执行) find out(查明) give away(暴露) give off(发出) give up(放弃) hand in(上交) hand out(分发) hand over(移交) look up(查找) make out(认出) pick up(拣起) point out(指出) put away(把…收起来) put off(推迟) put on(穿上;上演) ring up(给…打电话) see off(给…送行) send out(发出) set up(建立) take off(脱掉) take over(接过) think over(考虑) turn down(拒绝) turn
off(关掉) turn on(接通) wipe out(消灭) work out(做出)
请看几个例句:
You must hand in your exercises this afternoon.
She gave up many of her holiday s to help US in our work.
I’11 give you five minutes to work out this probl em.
2. 不及物动词+副词,它相当于一个不及物动词,后面不能跟宾语。
常见的这类短语动词有:
break down(出故障;坏掉) break out(爆发) break in(打断) come back(回来;想起来) come on(快来;进展) come out(出版;出来) come to(苏醒) die away(渐渐消失) die out(灭绝) drop out(退出) get away(逃走) get down(下来;下车) get in(进入) get through(通过;打通电话) get together(相聚) get up(起床) give in(让步) go
by(过去;经过) go on(继续) go out(熄灭) go up(提高) hold on(别挂电话) look
out(小心) ring off(挂断电话) set off/out(出发) stand up(起立) stay up(熬夜)
turn up(出席) work out(想出;制订出;结果良好)
请看几个例句:
The war broke out in 1937.
These animals have already died out.
After just a few minutes she suddenly came to·
三、“动词+副词+介词”构成的短语动词。这类短语动词相当于一个及物动词,后面须跟宾语。常见的这类短语动词有:
break away from(脱离) catch up with(赶上) come down with(患病) come up to(达到) do away with(抛弃) get along with(与…相处) get out of(摆脱) get through
with(完成) go on with(继续) look down upon(瞧不起) look forward to(盼望) look
up to(尊敬) make up of(由…组成) make up for(补偿) put up with(忍受)
请看几个例句:
I couldn’t put up with the noise any longer.
The children are looking forward to the holiday.
How are they getting along with their work?