语法第四讲代词

语法第四讲代词

代词分类

代词可分为人称代词（I , them, you等），

形容词性物主代词（my, your 等），

名词性物主代词（mine, hers等），

不定代词（anything, some等），

指示代词（this , that ,these, those等）

疑问代词（who, whatever, 等），

反身代词（myself, itself等），

相互代词（each other, one another）

关系代词（as, who, which等）等。

代词的一致

2.1由or, either...or, neither...nor, not only...but（also）接的词，如果数和性是一致的，就用其相应的代词；如果性和数不一致，代词与其临近的名词保持一致。

Neither he nor she wants to visit her uncle.

Not only my mother but also I care a lot about my father.

2.2each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, somebody等修饰主语或作主语时，相应的代词用单数。

Everybody talked at the top of his voice.

Everything is ready for the picnic, isn't it?

2.3[注]1。由any, every, no,some与body, one, thing构成的合成代词做主语时，代词一般用单数，依上下文定，用he,she或

it,his,her或its。

I shall be glad to help every one of the girls in her studies.

2.4代词所代替的对象为and，or 或nor连接的并列结构时：

2.4.1根据并列结构得意义决定单复数。

The editor and publisher of this magazine has been very strict with himself as well as his workers.

2.4.2由and连接的两个名词，若由each或every修饰，用单数代词；若两个名词分别为阳性和阴性，则使用he 或his

Every boy and girl got what he longed for.

Each man and woman has his own right.

2.4.3由or或nor连接的两个名词，其相应的代词与邻近的名词在性和数上保持一致。

Did John or Rose finish her homework?

Neither Peter nor his brother got what he wanted.

Neither Peter nor his sisters are willing to tell their

parents about the incident.

2.4.4表示国家、船只等事物的名词一般被看作阴性，用she 或her代替。

Our mother -----China

The ship struck on an iceberg, which tore a huge hole in her side

代词的排列顺序和功能

3.1.人称代词

3.1.4如果几个人称代词并列，应注意其排列次序。

3.1.

4.1第二人称+第一人称。例如：

Y ou and I ; you and us

3.1.

4.2第三人称+第一人称。例如：

My friends and I ; Henry and me

3.1.

4.3第二人称+第三人称。例如：

Y ou or they; you or them

3.1.

4.4第二人称+第三人称+第一人称。例如：

Y ou, him and me; you , Jim and I

3.1.

4.5第一人称+不定代词。例如：

We and ten others went on the trip.

I and anyone else will enjoy the music.

3.1.

4.6第一人称+带有后置定语的并列成分。例如：

I and the old man living next door.

We and the students of the college

2.1.4.7第一人称+第二或第三人称（在承担责任、承认错误、检讨工作时）。例如：

I and she are to blame.

We and the children spoiled the plan.

2.1.4.8父母、妻子、丈夫+第一人称+子女。例如：

My husband and I and our twin sons, Tom and Scott, will be going.

My mother and I and Tom once sat there in the park.

2.1.5用主格还是宾格

2.1.5.1在系动词后，在such as, the same thing as, other than, rather than, between, think of… being后，一般用主格或宾格皆可，口语中更多用宾格。例如：

It is she(或her).

It seems to be he(或him).

They thought of the law-breaker being he(或him).

He broke the window rather than she(her).

Nobody, other than he (him)went that way.

Between you and me(I), he is a liar.

2.1.5.2在think…to be…; imagine…to be; suppose…to be; look upon…as等后，多用宾格。例如：

They imagined the new manager to be me..

People supposed the best player to be her.

She looked upon me as him.

He thought the painters to be them.