经贸英语阅读教程Text 13(3)

price margin 销货毛利 另外，price 还可以作动词，表示“定价”： We have priced our new product at $5. 我们把 新产品的几个定为5元。 You priced it too high. 你们定价太高。
Emerging economies represent the world’s largest potential markets, the source of both much of the world’s natural and human resources and of major sustainability challenges, and increasingly the home of leading global brands and innovation. Emerging economies are those regions of the world that are experiencing rapid informationalization under conditions of limited or partial industrialization. The leading emerging economies are China, India and Brazil.
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2. opportunity cost 机会成本
Opportunity cost is the cost of any activity measured in terms of the value of the next best alternative forgone (that is not chosen). It is the sacrifice related to the second best choice available to someone, or group, who has picked among several mutually exclusive choices. The opportunity cost is also the "cost" (as a lost benefit) of the forgone products after making a choice. Opportunity cost is a key concept in economics, and has been described as expressing "the basic relationship between scarcity and choice". The notion of opportunity cost plays a crucial part in ensuring that scarce resources are used efficiently. Thus, opportunity costs are not restricted to monetary or financial costs: the real cost of output forgone, lost time, pleasure or any other benefit that provides utility should also be considered opportunity costs.
机会成本又称为择一成本、替代性成本。 是指在面临多方案只能选其一时，被舍弃的选 项中的最高价者是本次决策的机会成本。机会 成本对商业公司来说，可以是利用一定的时间 或资源生产一种商品时，而失去的利用这些资 源生产其他最佳替代品的机会就是机会成本。 机会成本通常包括两个部分：一是使用他 人资源的机会成本，即付给资源拥有者的货币 代价，被称为显性成本；二是因为使用自有资 源而放弃其他可能性中得到的最大回报的那个 代价，也被称为隐性成本。
3. rock-bottom prices 最低价
price 价格，表示价格的词汇主要有： average price 平均价 bargain price 廉价 spot ( forward ) price 现货（期货）价 opening ( closed ) price 开盘（收盘）价 ceiling ( floor ) price 最高（最低）价 current ( ruling ) price 现行价格 competitive price 具有竞争力的价格 price curve 价格曲线 price gap 价格缺口 price index 价格指数
Text 13 Keeping It to Themselves： Gulf States Not Only Pump oil; They Burn It, too
I. Related Words and Expressions think-tank economic structure subsidy rock-bottom price expertise opportunity cost II. Notes to the Text 1. emerging economies 新兴经济体