分词做状语和独立主格结构
不定式和分词作状语,独立成分,独立主格结构和with复合结构(24张)
Reflection: 不定式主要是用作什么状语? 作其它状语时,句子结构有什么特征?
三、. 分词作状语 1.分词作状语的形式
形式 (not) doing
(not) having done (not) being done
(not) having been done v.-ed (done)
意义 与句子主语为逻辑上的主动关系,且与谓语动词同时/ 基本同时发生 与句子主语为逻辑上的主动关系,先于谓语动词发生 与句子主语为逻辑上的被动关系,且与谓语动词同时/ 基本同时发生 与句子主语为逻辑上的被动关系,且先于谓语动词发生 与句子主语为逻辑上的被动关系,表完成
不定式或分词作状语时,它的逻辑主语应和句子主语保持一致,若不一致, 则需要带有自己的逻辑主语,称之为独立主格结构。 独立主格结构:名词/代词+分词/不定式(名词,形容词,副词,介词短语) ; with复合结构:with/without+名词/代词+分词/不定式(名词,形容词,副词,
介词短语)。
特点: ①逻辑主语独立存在,与句子的主语不同。 ②逻辑主语与后面的分词或不定式是逻辑上的主动或被动关系。 ③独立主格结构一般由逗号与句子分开。
4) The holiday
finished (finish),we began our new term.
5) As a result, the virus had been found in the majority of provinces ,
with thousands of people i_n_f_ec_t_e_d___(infect).
2.分词作状语的句法功能
eg.
As she didn't see anybody at home, she decided to leave them a note.
分词做状语 独立主格 悬垂分词
(1) 相当于原因状语从句 a. Being ill , she didn’t go to school today . = As she is ill , … b. Having seen the film , he didn’t go to the cinema with them . =Because he had seen the film , … (2) 相当于时间状语从句 Turning around (=When she returned around ), she saw an ambulance driving up . (3)表示行为方式,伴随状况或补充说明等。 The students went away , running and laughing.
2.现在分词何时用完成形式?
当分词的动作是由主语发出,而且发生在谓语动 作之前,则用分词的完成形式。 Having finished the class , she went home . =After she finished the class…..
3.现在分词何时用进行被动式?
当分词的动作由主语承受,而且分次的动作与谓语动词 同时发生时 Being criticized by the employer , the new employee hung his head.
分词作状语时,在少数情况下, 其逻辑主 语与句子的主语不一致, 分词用来修饰全 句
Judging from his accent , he seemed to be from Hunan province. = If we judge…
Generally speaking ,every spy has a contact . Considering his age , he was helped by the young fellow.
分词做状语和独立主格结构
第八页,共37页。
过去(guòqù)完成时
? 1.定义(dì在ng过y去ì)某:一时间或动作(dòngzuò)之前已经 生或完成了的动作,即“过去的过去”。
? 2. 结构:had done 被动:had been done
I had finished reading the novel by nine o‘clock last nigh。t
___________(catch) on the spot, the thief had to admit his crime.
第六页,共37页。
Ved 作状语(zhuàngyǔ)
? 1.过去分词作状语(zhuàng时yǔ间),、(s表h条í示件jiā、n)原因、 让步、伴随情况 等。
? 过去分词的 逻辑主语 是主句的主语
第二十六页,共37页。
Practice
1.The cave ________ very dark, he lit
some candles ________ light.
A. was; given
B. was; to give
C. being; given D. being; to give
第二十七页,共37页。
3. 结构(jiégòu) 名词(/主mí格ng代c词í)(+d现ài在cí分) 词 /过去分词 /不定式 /形容词 /副词/介词短语
There being +名词/代词 It being + 名词/代词
第二十一页,共37页。
? The girl _______(stare) at him (= As the girl stared at him), he didn‘t know what to say.
分词作状语和独立主格结构
分词作状语和独立主格结构
例如:
1. Walking in the park, she enjoyed the beautiful scenery.(分词作时间状语)
(她走在公园里,欣赏着美丽的风景。
)
2. Being tired, he took a nap.(分词作原因状语)
(他因为累了,所以打了个盹。
)
3. Seeing the dog, the child ran away.(分词作伴随状语)
(看到那只狗,孩子吓得逃跑了。
)
独立主格结构是指句子中的名词短语(通常由名词和非谓语动词或形容词组成)在句子中作为独立的、不与主语或谓语动作有等级关系的成分存在。
例如:
1. The weather being fine, we decided to go hiking.(独立主格结构)
(天气好,我们决定去远足。
)
2. His homework finished, John went out to play.(独立主格结构)
(他的作业完成了,约翰出去玩了。
)
3. The sun having set, we lit a campfire.(独立主格结构)
(太阳已经落山,我们点燃了篝火。
英语独立主格结构的用法
学法新探独立主格结构,紧凑简练,是由名词或代词作为逻辑主语,分词、不定式、形容词、副词及介词短语等作为逻辑谓语构成,可以表示时间、原因、条件、方式、伴随、目的等情况,主要用作状语,修饰整个句子,与主句之间不用任何连接词,而是多用逗号隔开。
它是高中英语中至关重要的语法知识之一,也是高考英语的一大考查热点。
一、独立主格结构的构成形式(1)名词/代词+分词。
名词或代词加分词可以构成独立主格结构,其中的现在分词表示主动或正在进行的动作,名词或代词表示动作的执行者,它与现在分词构成逻辑上的主谓关系;而过去分词则表示被动或已完成的动作,名词或代词表示动作的承受者,它与过去分词构成逻辑上的动宾关系或系表结构。
如:①Many eyes watching him,he felt a bit nervous.(许多双眼睛看着他,他感到有点紧张。
)②The experimentfinished,the students jumped up happily.(实验完成了,学生们开心地跳了起来。
)(2)名词/代词+动词不定式。
名词或代词加动词不定式可以构成独立主格结构,其中不定式表示逻辑主语将要发出的动作,如果动作与逻辑主语存在主谓关系,则用主动形式;若为动宾关系,则用被动形式。
如:①Many trees,flowers,and grass to be planted,ournewly-built school will look even more beautiful.(被动形式,种上许多的树、花和草后,我们新建的学校看上去将更美。
)②The last guest to arrive,our party wasstarted.(主动形式,最后一位客人一到,我们的晚会就开始。
)(3)名词/代词+形容词/副词。
名词或代词加形容词或副词可以构成独立主格结构,其中形容词主要表示逻辑主语的性质和特征;副词则表示逻辑主语所处的状态。
独立主格结构
独立主格结构1. 独立主格结构:句子的状语部分本身若是具有不同于主句主语的逻辑主语的非从句表达形式,就是独立主格结构(Nominative Absolute Construction)。
其构成是:逻辑主语+分词,或加形容词、名词、副词、介词短语。
逻辑主语(即意思上的主语)可以是名词、代词,甚至是一个句子。
这种结构常用作状语,来表示方式、条件、原因、伴随等状语内容。
With往往也是这种结构的引导词。
Weather permitting, we’ll play basketball tomorrow.如果天气允许,我们明天打篮球。
(条件)This done, they packed their tools and went home.(时间或原因)事情办完了,他们装起工具回家了。
He sat there silently, his head bending.他坐在那里低着头,一言不发。
He walked into the room, his face covered with blood.他走进屋子,脸上全是血。
He fell asleep with the lamp burning (turning on).他点着灯睡着了。
The teacher entered the classroom, with a bag (being) in his hand.老师走进教室,手里拿着一个书包。
With you standing there, I can’t work. 你站在那里,我没法工作。
He slept well with the door open. 门开着,他睡得很好。
(伴随)He stood there with his hat in hand. 他站在那里,手里拿着帽子。
(伴随)With him gone, I felt very lost. 他走了,我感到很失落。
2. 独立主格结构与分词作状语独立主格结构主要是运用分词来实现的,在主句中起状语作用,分词在句中也起状语作用,这就造成了独立主格结构与分词作状语的混淆。
英语独立主格结构
独立主格结构在句中作状语 名词/ 代词 + doing / done/being done/having done/ having been done/ to do / to be done / adj / adv/ to do / 介词短语 The test finished , we began our holiday. Weather permitting, we are going to visit you tomorrow. He came out of the library, a large book under his arm .
The factory produces half a million pairs of shoes every year, 80% _____ are sold abroad. The factory produceБайду номын сангаас half a million pairs of shoes every year , 80% ___ sold abroad. A.of which B. which of C. of them D. of that
The book written in simple English , it will be more popular.
The boy leading the way, we had no trouble getting out of the forest. We fell asleep, all the lights on.
分词作状语 分词作状语时, 分词的逻辑主语必须 与句子的主语保持一致,即, 分词作 状语必须和句中主语含有逻辑上的主 动和被动关系。 分词作状语时,可以表时间, 原因, 结果, 条件, 让步, 行为方式, 伴 随状况。
分词和独立主格在句首作状语
分词及独立主格在句首作状语Dec 10, 2018分词在句首作状语,可用“从句还原法”,还原出状语从句。
如果还原出的从句是主动的,就选doing作状语; 如果还原出的从句是被动的,就选done 作状语。
注意:分词作状语的前提条件是,逗号前后的逻辑主语相同。
分词前常可保留的连词有when, while, once, if 等。
一.分词在句首作状语的结构:(Conj) Done / Doing…, sb…例如:1. Once formed, a bad habit is hard to kick.= Once it is formed, a bad habit is hard to kick.2. Hearing the good news, he jumped with joy.= When he heard the good news, he jumped with joy.二.独立主格在句首作状语的结构:Sth done / doing…, sb…1.The meeting being over, we all went home.= After the meeting was over, we all went home.2.My homework done, I went out to play football.= After my homework was done, I went out to play football.说明:其实,这两种独立主格作状语,可以看作分词作状语的特例。
特点是,分词的前边,保留自己的逻辑主语。
也就是,逗号前后的逻辑主语不一致。
而一般情况下,分词作状语,不保留自己的逻辑主语。
也就是,逗号前后的逻辑主语一致。
独立主格结构与过去分词作状语的区别
独立主格结构与过去分词作状语的区别独立主格结构与过去分词作状语,虽然看似相似,但实际上有着明显的区别。
对于英语学习者来说,理解这两种结构的差异以及如何正确运用它们在写作中至关重要。
本文将以深度和广度的方式,全面探讨独立主格结构与过去分词作状语的区别,并帮助读者更好地理解这两种语法结构。
一、独立主格结构独立主格结构是英语中一个常见且独特的句法结构,由名词或代词形式的独立主格和相应的谓词构成。
通常,独立主格结构在句子中用来表示动作的同时发生的两个事件,或者表示主动和被动两个事件之间的关系。
这种结构的运用可以使句子更加简练、流畅,并且能够提供更多的信息。
以下是几个例子,展示了独立主格结构的使用方式:1. 他赢得了比赛,身体状态良好。
2. 雨停了,天气变得晴朗起来。
3. 我坐在桌子旁边,喝着咖啡。
从这些例子可以看出,独立主格结构的谓词部分常常是一个动词的过去分词形式。
这与过去分词作状语的形式有点类似,但它们之间有着不同的用法和含义。
二、过去分词作状语过去分词作状语是一种常见的状语结构,用来修饰动作的方式、原因、时间或条件。
过去分词作状语通常位于句子开头或句子的中间,用来修饰整个句子或其中的某个成分。
它可以提供额外的信息,丰富句子的意义和表达。
以下是几个例子,展示了过去分词作状语的使用方式:1. 穿过森林,他找到了一家小屋。
2. 因为下雨了,他没有出去玩。
3. 在经历了一番波折之后,他最终成功了。
从这些例子可以看出,过去分词作状语的谓词部分也是一个动词的过去分词形式。
然而,过去分词作状语强调的是修饰整个句子或其中一个成分的状语关系,而不是像独立主格结构那样突出两个同时发生的事件或主动和被动事件之间的关系。
三、区别与用法尽管独立主格结构和过去分词作状语的形式相似,但它们之间存在着明显的区别。
了解这些区别可以帮助我们更加准确地运用这两种结构,并提高写作的表达能力。
独立主格结构强调的是两个同时发生的事件或主动和被动两个事件之间的关系。
分词作状语和独立主格结构
分词作状语和独立主格结构现在分词作状语:- Walking home, he saw a dog on the street.(现在分词作时间状语)- With the problem solved, she could relax.(现在分词作原因状语)- Smiling happily, the child thanked her teacher.(现在分词作方式状语)过去分词作状语:- Exhausted from the long journey, they went straight to bed.(过去分词作原因状语)- Surprised by the news, she dropped her phone.(过去分词作结果状语)- Broken down, the car couldn't start.(过去分词作条件状语)- Pleased with the results, she celebrated with her friends.(过去分词作方式状语)独立主格结构是由名词或代词与分词构成的结构,说明一个动作或状态跟随、伴随另一个动作或状态发生。
独立主格结构可以表示时间、原因、条件、方式等。
- His breakfast finished, Jack left the house.(时间独立主格结构)- The rain stopped, the players continued the game.(条件独立主格结构)- The cake eaten, the children happily played in the garden.(原因独立主格结构)- The teacher angry, the students were silent.(方式独立主格结构)需要注意的是,独立主格结构通常放在句子的开头或结尾,用逗号与主句分隔开来。
现在分词作状语独立主格结构讲义-高三英语二轮复习
高考英语语法应用讲解一、现在分词作状语在写作中的应用(一)现在分词做时间状语现在分词表示的动作和谓语动作同时发生或紧接着发生,就用一般式:Ving例句1:Hearing the good news, they all jumped with joy.听到这个好消息,他们都高兴得跳起来。
可以用时间状语从句替换:When they heard the good news, they all jumped with joy.例句2:Standing on the stage, a sense of tension welled up in my heart.站在舞台上,紧张感油然而生。
可以用时间状语从句替换:When I stood on the stage, a sense of tension welled up in my heart.仿写练习:看着这些照片,往日记忆涌上心头。
1.用现在分词作时间状语:_______________________________2.可以改为时间状语从句:_______________________________【答案】1.Seeing these photos, memories of those old days flooded into his mind2.When I saw these photos, memories of those old days flooded into his mind.在强调现在分词动作先于谓语动作时,用完成式:having doneeg:Having eaten her lunch, the girl rushed out.那女孩吃完了午饭就跑出去了.(先吃eat 后跑出rush out)Having thought about the present situation for a while, Roy decided to apologize to Jane .思考现状一会儿后,Roy 决定向Jane道歉。
分词作状语与独立主格结构(精华主讲)
Written in a hurry, this article was not so good. 因为写得匆忙,这篇文章不是很好。
Reading carefully, he found something he hadn’t known before. 他仔细读书时,发现了一些从前不知道的东西。
4. 方式或伴随状语 Surrounded by his students, the professor sat there cheerfully.
那位教授在学生的簇拥下,兴高采烈地坐在那儿。 He stood there silently, moved to tears.
他静静地站在那里,被感动得热泪盈眶。 The old man went into the room, supported by his wife. 那位老人在妻子的搀扶下,走进了房间。
注意:现在分词和过去分词的特别之处
6.独立成份(插入语) Given good weather, our ship will reach Shanghai on Monday evening.
假如天气好,我们的船将于星期一晚上到达上海。 I’d come and see you in New York, given the chance.
3. 条件状语(相当于条件状语从句)如: Seen in this aspect, the matter isn’t as serious as people generally suppose. 如果从这个角度看,问题并不 像人们一般预料的那样`严重。 Grown in rich soil, these seeds can grow fast. 如果种在 肥沃的土壤里,这些种子能长得很快。 Given better attention, the accident could have been avoided. 要是多加注意,那次事故就能避免了。 Watered more, these cabbages could have grown better. 如果多浇点水,这些大白菜还可以长的得更好。 Compared with you, we still have a long way to go. 和 你相比,我们还有很大的差距。
分词做状语和独立主格结构
独立主格结构的应用
描述伴随情况
独立主格结构可以用来描述伴随情况,使句子更加生动,如 “The sun shining, we decided to have a picnic.”(阳光明
媚,我们决定去野餐。)
表达条件关系
独立主格结构可以用来表达条件关系,如“If time permits, we will go for a walk.”(如果时间允许,我们会去散步。)
“He left, followed by his dog”(伴随状语从句)
02
独立主格结构
独立主格结构的定义
独立主格结构是一种语法结构,其中主语和谓语之间没有连接词,而是通过非谓语动词(如分词、不 定式等)来表达。
独立主格结构通常用于描述一个独立的事件或状态,与主句之间存在逻辑上的联系。
独立主格结构的分类
表达时间关系
分词做状语可以用来表达时间关系,如“Having finished his homework, he went to bed.”(完成作业后,他上床睡 觉了。)
描述结果
分词做状语可以用来描述结果,如“She was so angry that she left without saying goodbye.”(她 非常生气,以至于没有告别就离开了。)
主动语态分词做状语
分词在句子中做状语,表示时间、原因 、条件等,与主句之间存在逻辑上的联 系。
VS
被动语态分词做状语
分词在句子中做状语,表示时间、原因、 条件等,与主句之间存在逻辑上的联系。
独立主格结构的例子
主动语态分词做状语
Walking in the park, he saw a beautiful flower. (在公园里散步时,他看到了一朵美 丽的花。)
分词作状语与独立主格结构(精华主讲)概论
区别三个概念: 分词作状语、垂悬结构、独立主格结构
主要内容 一、分词作状语、 二、垂悬(分词)结构 三、独立主格结构 四、With作复合结构
一、分词做状语
▪ 分词(包括过去分词和现在分词)做状语可修饰 整个句子,表示动作发生的时间,原因,条件, 结果,让步或伴随情况。其逻辑主语必须是句子 的主语,分词做状语一般相当于相应的状语从句 或并列句,在句子中有广泛用途。如:
3. 条件状语(相当于条件状语从句)如: Seen in this aspect, the matter isn’t as serious as people generally suppose. 如果从这个角度看,问题并不 像人们一般预料的那样`严重。 Grown in rich soil, these seeds can grow fast. 如果种在 肥沃的土壤里,这些种子能长得很快。 Given better attention, the accident could have been avoided. 要是多加注意,那次事故就能避免了。 Watered more, these cabbages could have grown better. 如果多浇点水,这些大白菜还可以长的得更好。 Compared with you, we still have a long way to go. 和 你相比,我们还有很大的差距。
过去分词作状语的基本用法
▪ 过去分词作状语主要是说明谓语动作发生的背景或条件;表 示原因、时间、条件、让步、方式或伴随情况等。过去分词 可置于主句前,也可置于主句后,用逗号与主句隔开。
▪ 1. 原因状语 Choked by the heavy smoke, he could hardly breathe. 他被浓烟呛了,几乎不能呼吸了。 Caught in a heavy rain, he was all wet. 因为淋了一场大 雨,所以他全身湿透了。 Frightened by the noise in the night, the girl didn’t dare to sleep in her room. 受到夜晚响声的惊吓,那姑娘不敢睡 在她的房间。
分词做状语和独立主格结构
分词做状语和独立主格结构分词做状语:分词可以作为状语来修饰动词、形容词、副词等,来表示时间、原因、方式、条件、让步等等。
1.时间:- Having finished his homework, he went to bed.- After eating dinner, they went for a walk.- While studying for the exam, she listened to music.2.原因:- Being tired, she decided to take a break.- Seeing the dark clouds, we decided to stay indoors.- Not knowing the answer, he asked for help.3.方式:- The teacher explained the concept clearly, making it easy for everyone to understand.- He won the race by running faster than the others.4.条件:- If invited, I will attend the party.- Unless you apologize, I won't forgive you.5.让步:- Despite being tired, he continued working.- Although feeling sick, she still came to the meeting.- In spite of the rain, they went hiking.分词做独立主格结构:在句子中,独立主格结构是由名词、代词或分词构成的结构,它通常用逗号与主句分开。
独立主格结构对主句作补充说明和解释。
1.用名词构成的独立主格结构:- The sun shining brightly, we decided to go for a picnic.- The concert being cancelled, we had to make alternative plans.- Her parents out of town, she had to take care of her younger siblings.2.用代词构成的独立主格结构:- He leading the team, they were sure to win the game.- You working hard, success is within reach.- She being the oldest, she was always responsible for her younger siblings.3.用分词构成的独立主格结构:- Seeing the opportunity, she decided to seize it.- Knowing the answer, he confidently raised his hand.。
独立主格结构与过去分词作状语的区别
独立主格结构与过去分词作状语的区别在中文语法中,有一些结构和用法可能会让人感到困惑,尤其是在写作中。
其中,独立主格结构和过去分词作状语就是两个易混淆的地方。
本文将深入探讨这两种结构的区别,并且帮助读者更好地理解和运用它们。
1. 独立主格结构独立主格结构是指一个句子中的独立成分,通常由名词或代词与动词的-ing形式构成,用来表示时间、原因、条件、伴随等关系。
其作用是对整个句子进行修饰和补充说明,增加句子的信息量和表达的灵活性。
举个例子:- 雨停了,天晴了,我们整个人都变得轻松起来。
在这个句子中,“天晴了”是主要句子,“雨停了”是独立主格结构,表示时间上的先后关系,并且强调了天气转好后人们的心情也随之改变。
2. 过去分词作状语过去分词作状语是指动词的过去分词形式用来修饰主句或从句,表示时间、原因、条件、方式、结果等。
过去分词作状语通常与所修饰的动词有逻辑上的动宾关系,能够对动作进行修饰和说明。
举个例子:- 他饿了,所以走进了一家餐厅。
在这个句子中,“饿了”是过去分词作状语,表示原因,修饰并解释了他走进餐厅的动作。
过去分词作状语丰富了句子的表达方式,使语言更加生动。
3. 区别与联系独立主格结构和过去分词作状语在形式上有些相似,都是由名词或代词加动词-ing形式构成,而且在句子中都起到修饰和补充的作用。
但它们的使用场景和功能有所不同。
独立主格结构更加独立完整,在句子中可以独立成段,表达一种自成体系的含义。
过去分词作状语则更加依赖于所修饰的动词,是动作的一部分,起到对动作的说明和补充的作用。
4. 个人观点在实际写作中,独立主格结构和过去分词作状语的正确使用可以丰富句子的表达,增加句子的层次感和表现力。
对于作者来说,理解它们的区别和联系,能够帮助我们更好地灵活运用这两种结构,写出具有深度和广度的文章。
对于读者来说,掌握这些语法知识也能够帮助我们更好地理解文章的含义,提升阅读理解能力。
总结回顾通过本文的讨论,我们对独立主格结构和过去分词作状语有了更深入的理解。
分词作状语与独立主格结构
分词作状语与独立主格结构一、分词作状语1.动名词作状语动名词作状语常用于表示动作的方式、原因、结果等。
- 动作原因:He was late for work because of oversleeping.(他睡过头了,所以上班迟到了。
)- 动作结果:The car stopped running, causing a traffic jam.(汽车停了下来,导致了交通堵塞。
)2.现在分词作状语现在分词作状语常用于表示动作的时间、条件、原因、伴随等。
- 动作时间:Walking in the park, he met his old friend.(他在公园散步时遇到了他的老朋友。
)- 动作条件:Unless given permission, you cannot enter the building.(除非得到许可,否则你不能进入建筑物。
)- 动作原因:His face turned pale, feeling sick.(他感觉不适,脸色变得苍白。
)- 动作伴随:She burst into tears, seeing the sad news.(她看到这个悲伤的消息时,忍不住哭了起来。
)二、独立主格结构独立主格结构是指句子中的现在分词或过去分词作为非限制性状语,与主语关系疏远,独立于主句的结构。
独立主格结构一般用于表示时间、原因、条件、伴随等含义。
1.现在分词作独立主格结构现在分词作独立主格结构时,其逻辑主语通常与主句的主语不同,表示主句动作发生的时间、条件、原因、伴随等。
- 动作时间:The sun having set, we decided to go home.(太阳已经下山,我们决定回家。
)- 动作条件:The weather being fine, we went for a walk.(天气好的时候,我们去散步了。
)- 动作原因:Her husband having lost his job, she had to support the family.(她丈夫失业了,她不得不养家糊口。
浅析分词作状语与独立主格的区别
浅析分词作状语与独立主格的区别分词作状语是近些年来高考常考的一个语法项目,同时也是学生较难理解和掌握的语法结构之一,很多学生容易混淆分词作状语与独立主格作状语,现将两者的区别简析如下:一、分词作状语分词和分词短语作状语时,可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、方式和伴随情况。
在表示时间、原因、条件和让步时,通常可转换为相应的状语从句;表示方式和伴随情况时,可以转换为一个并列的谓语成分。
例如:1. Seeing the teacher entering the room, the students stood up.(=When the students saw the teacher entering the room, they stood up.)学生们看见老师走进房间,都站了起来。
(时间)2. Heated, ice will be changed into water.(=When /If it is heated, ice will be changed into water. ) 当冰被加热时,它就会变成水。
(条件、时间)3. B eing excited, I couldn’t go to sleep.(=As I was excited, I couldn’t go to sleep.)我兴奋得睡不着觉。
(原因)4. Working very hard, he didn’t feel a bit tired.(=Though he worked very hard, he didn’t feel a bit tired.)尽管拼命地工作,但他丝毫不感到疲劳。
(让步)5. The children went away laughing.(=The children went away. They laughed as they went.)孩子们笑着走开了。
(行为方式)6. I stood there, listening to the broadcast.(=I stood there and listened to the broadcast.)我站在那儿听广播。
独立主格结构
2.with + 复合宾语结构
这种结构也可以看成是一种独立主 格结构。这种结构有较鲜明的特色。 在这种结构中,wit结构中的逻辑谓语。 这个结构很像一个用来说明附带情 况或细节的,可以起状语作用的句 子。翻译时,with原有的含意往往 不翻译出来。
3.独立主格结构的作用
(1)条件 Given health, this can be done.
With more people helping them they probably will be able to accomplish the task ahead of time.
(2)时间 The sun having risen, they continue to work in the field. He died with his daughter yet a schoolgirl.
(7)with + 名词 / 代词 + 不定 式
They are highly mechanized farms, with machinery to do most of the work.
This was a severe test, with innumerable difficulties to be overcome. With five minutes to go before the last train left, we arrived here.
(4)名词 / 代词 + 不定式及其 短语 The money to be paid by the driver, the police went away.
Here are the first two volumes, the third one to come out next month.
分词作状语用法知识点详解和辨析_分词作状语用法知识点
分词作状语用法知识点详解和辨析_分词作状语用法知识点分词做状语,在我们的英语表达里有何用法与见解呢?下面是小编为大家整理的关于分词作状语用法知识点详解和辨析_分词作状语用法知识点,希望对您有所帮助。
欢迎大家阅读参考学习!目录英语分词的形式非谓语动词主动形式被动形式意义现在分词一般式doing being done与句中谓语动作几乎同时发生完成式having donehaving been done先于句中谓语动作发生,强调时间先后过去分词done-----------------与句中主语为逻辑上的被动,表完成英语分词的意义在英语中,分词包括现在分词与过去分词两种形式,即“-ing”与“-ed”。
一般情况下,从时态和语态两种角度来讲,现在分词表示主动、进行;而过去分词表示被动与完成。
对于分词的含义,我们从以下两组词语为例进行分析:1)the sinking ship 正在下沉的船 & falling leaves 正在飘落的树叶2)the sunken ship 已经沉底的船 & fallen leaves 落在地上的树叶 \ the boiled water 凉白开水1)从语态角度来看,现在分词表示主动含义,它与所修饰的名词构成主谓关系。
the sinking ship 可以改写为the ship that is\ was sinking, 这里的ship相当于sink的逻辑主语。
其次,从时态角度看,现在分词一般表示进行的动作,相当于一个进行时态;此外,它还可以表示一般的动作,相当于一个一般的时态。
综上,现在分词的意义有两种:主动进行的动作和主动一般的动作。
2)从语态角度来看,过去分词可以表示被动含义也可以表示主动含义,即动词不同则含义不同。
及物动词的过去分词只有被动含义,如the boiled water=the water that was boiled \ the water that has been boiled. 而不及物动词没有被动只有主动,如the sunken ship= the ship that has sunken.但是不及物动词的过去分词出现频率较低,常见的过去分词多为及物动词的过去分词,表达被动含义。
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Ved 作状语
• 1.过去分词作状语,表示时间、条件、原因、 让步、伴随情况等。
• 过去分词的逻辑主语是主句的主语
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______(see) from space, the earth looks blue.
When it is… _______(keep )in refrigerator, these
A. invited
B. inviting
C. being invited D. having invited
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7. _____ in 1636, Harvard is one of the
Having finished the office work, she …
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Practice
• 1. _______ from heart trouble for years, Professor White has to take some medicine with him wherever he goes.
Grammar Revision
分词做状语 和
独立主格结构
1
分词做状语
V-ing 作状语, 可表时间、原因、方式、结果、条件、 让步、伴随或陪衬等含义, 相当于一个对应的状语从句所表达的 意思.
2
1. _______(walk)in the street, I came across an old friend. When…. 2. ______(be) ill, he didn’t go to school. Because… 3. ______(use) your head, you will find a way. If…
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6. If ___ the same treatment again, he’s sure to get well. A. giving B. give C. given D. being given
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7. Unless ___ to speak, you should
remain silent at the conference.
• 2. 结构:had done 被动:had been done
I had finished reading the novel by nine o‘clock last night。
I thought I had seen him before.
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与分词作状语交叉
After she had finished the office work, she came to the sitting room and relaxed.
A. Suffered
B. Suffering
C. Having suffered D. Being suffered
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• 2. He sent me an e-mail, ________ to get further information.
A. hoped
B. hoping
C. to ng her address, we had to get in touch with her.
__________(finish) the class, she went home. ___________(catch) on the spot, the thief had to admit his crime.
D. hope
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• 3. While building a tunnel through the mountain, _______.
• A. an underground lake was discovered B. there was an underground lake discovered C. a lake was discovered underground D. the workers discovered an underground lake
vegetables will remain fresh. If they are… Deeply ________(move) by the story, the
children began to cry.
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过去完成时
• 1.定义:在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发 生或完成了的动作,即“过去的过去”。
After she had met him for many times,…
1.v-ing形式作状语时,若它所表示的动作发 生在主句谓语动作之前,需用having done, 被动形式 having been done
2. v-ing形式作状语时,其逻辑主语必须和主 句主语保持一致;3. 否定式直接在分词前加
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4. Suddenly, a tall man driving a golden carriage ________ the girl and took her away, ________ into the woods.
A. seizing; disappeared B. B. seized; disappeared C. seizing; disappearing D. seized; disappearing
3
• We were sitting by the window, _______(talk) about what happened yesterday.(伴随)
His parents died, _________(leave) him an orphan.
4
• Having met him for many times, she decided to help him out.
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5. _______ in the queue for half an hour, Tom suddenly realized that he had left his wallet at home.
A. To wait
B. Have waited
C. Having waited D. To have waited