高一定语从句讲解

高一定语从句讲解

嘉定二中高一英语组

第一讲

1、功能：相当于形容词，修饰名词或代词，在句中作定语

一：先行词：被定语从句所修饰的词

二：关系代词：用来连接定语从句，并在从句中代表先行词的代词。

先行词是物：which that

先行词是人：who whom that

在从句中充当的成分：主语、宾语

（1）先找关系词，看先行词指的是什么。

（2）看关系词在从句中所充当的成分。

e.g. 把下列每对句子合并成含有定语从句的主从复合句

1. They had a radio. It could send out messages.

They had a radio which/ that could send out message. (主语)

2. The girl is my best friend. She spoke just now.

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3. He always buys some books. He never read them.

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注意点：

1.）定语从句一般直接跟在先行词的后面：

e.g. 4. The man who lives next door sells vegetables.

The man sells vegetables who lives next door. ( × )

5. The car which my uncle just bought was destroyed in the earthquake.

The car was destroyed in the earthquake which my uncle just bought. ( × )

2．）关系代词在从句中作宾语时可以省略：

e.g. 6. The young man ( whom ) you saw was our manager.

7. There is something ( that ) we must keep in mind.

找出句中的从句并圈出先行词说出关系代词在从句中的成分

1. The man who told me the news refused to give me the name.

2. The airline has a booklet which will tell you most of the important things about a trip to Europe.

3. He found a dollar bill that he had forgotten in a suit .

4. He is the man whom we all respect.

5. There is somebody who wants to see you.

6. The house I would like to buy is not for sale.

7. The bicycle my uncle gave me was very expensive.

第二讲

whose 的用法：

关系代词与其后的名词构成所有格，即“的”时，它既可以修饰指人的先行词，也可以修饰指物的先行词。

e.g. 1. The girl is my daughter. Her work got the first prize.

The girl whose work got the first prize is my daughter.

2. The book is not mine. The cover of it is red.

The book whose cover is red is not mine ( The book the cover of which is red is not mine)

3. Do you know anyone? His family is in Xi’an.

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4. I live in the room. The windows of it face south.

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5. The chair has been repaired. The leg of it was broken.

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限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句

1、限制性定语从句：从句与主句关系密切，去掉从句，主句意义不完整，甚至不合逻辑。

e.g. I was the only person in our office who was invited.（去掉定语从句，意思就不完整）

2、非限制性定语从句：从句对先行词关系不密切，去掉定从句，意思仍然完整。形式上用逗号

隔开，不能that用引导。

e.g. Tom’s father, who is over sixty, still works hard day and night.

（who引导非限制性定语从句，整个句子可分成两句来翻译）

that与which的区别

1）用that而不用which的情况

①先行词为不定代词all, anything, nothing, …；②先行词有最高级修饰，有序数词修饰；

③先行词有only, very, any等词修饰；④先行词既有人又有物时。

e.g. There is nothing that can prevent him from doing it. 没有什么能阻止他不干那件事。

The first place that they visited in Guilin was Elephant Trunk Hill. 在桂林他们所参观的第一个地方是象鼻山。

______________________________________ 这部电影是我看过的最好的一部。

_______________________________________ 史密斯先生是他认识的唯一的外国人。

2）用which而不用that的情况：①引导非限制性定语从句；

②指代前面整个主句的意思；

③介词+ 关系代词。

e.g. H e had failed in the maths exam, which made his father very angry.

This is the room in which my father lived last year.

找出句中的从句并圈出先行词说出关系代词在从句中的成分

1.What is the address of the factory whose advertisement we noticed the other day.

2.I saw some trees whose leaves were black with disease.

3.It was a meeting whose importance I didn’t realize at the time.

4.The Great Wall was the first place that went to visit while they were in China.

5.Miss Smith, who you met at our house, is going to marry Mr. Harry.

6.He failed in the exam, which made his classmates surprised.

第三讲

关系代词在从句中作介词宾语时，介词常可以提前，但介词提前时，关系代词只能用which 或whom e.g. 1. The man is a famous runner. You talked to him just now.

The man to whom you talk just now is a famous runner.