高三英语一轮复习精品学案：Unit 4 Earthquakes(1)

Unit 4 Earthquakes
Ⅰ.单词语境记忆
1．ruin the crop毁坏庄稼
2．destroy the whole city 摧毁整个城市
3．rescue him from the fire 从大火中救出他
4．bury oneself in books 埋头读书
5．judge a book by its cover 凭封面判断一本书
6．be trapped in ruins 被困在废墟中
7．bring great sufferings to sb 给……带来了巨大痛苦
8．cause great damage to many old buildings
对许多旧建筑造成了巨大的破坏
Ⅱ.词性转换与派生记忆
1．burst v i.爆裂；爆发→n.突然破裂；爆发
2．nation n．民族；国家；国民→national adj.民族的；国家的；国民的→nationality n．国籍
3．shock v t.& v i.(使)震惊；震动n．休克；打击；震惊→shocking adj.令人震惊的→shocked adj.感到震惊的
4．injure v t.损害；伤害→injury n．伤害；损害→injured adj.受伤的5．express v t.表示；表达n．快车；速递→expression n．表达；表情6．congratulation n．祝贺；(复数)贺词→congratulate v t.祝贺
7．sincerely ad v.真诚地；真挚地→sincere adj.真诚的；真挚的
Ⅲ.单词趣味串记
1．On hearing the result of the match，she burst out crying while there was a burst
of laughter in the next room.听到比赛的结果，她突然哭了起来，而隔壁房间里传来一阵笑声。

2．The storm ruined the crops，and the whole village was almost in ruins after the hurricane.
暴风雨毁坏了庄稼，整个村子在飓风过后几乎变成了废墟。

3．After seeing the frightening film，the frightened boy was too frightened to walk home alone in the dark.
看了那部可怕的电影后，那个吓坏了的男孩吓得不敢独自一人在黑暗中独自走回家。

4．As soon as the cat is trapped，completely cover the trap and remove the trap from the area.
一旦那只猫被困住，完全地把圈套盖住而且把圈套从区域移开。

『联想记忆』
1．盘点合成名词(n.＋n.)
①earthquake地震
②bookmark 书签
③basketball 篮球
④website 网站
⑤homework 家庭作业
2．“自然灾害”相关单词一览
①disaster n. 灾难；不幸
②earthquake n. 地震
③drought n. 旱灾；干旱
④eruption n. (火山)喷发
⑤hurricane n. 飓风
3．表示“程度”的副词集锦
①extremely 极度地
②entirely 完全地
③completely 完全地；彻底地
④perfectly 完美地
4．聚焦－ing/－ed 结尾的形容词
①⎩⎨⎧shocking 令人震惊的shocked 震惊的
②⎩
⎨⎧frightening 令人惊恐的frightened 害怕的 ③⎩⎨⎧terrifying 令人恐惧的terrified 害怕的
④⎩⎨⎧disappointing 令人失望的disappointed 失望的
⑤⎩⎨⎧surprising 令人吃惊的surprised 吃惊的
⑥⎩⎨⎧amazing 令人惊讶的amazed 吃惊的
『短语背诵』
1．right away 立刻；马上
2．think little/nothing of 以为……没什么了不起
3．at an end 结束；终结
4．in ruins 严重受损；破败不堪
5．dig out 掘出；发现
6．a (great) number of 许多；大量的
7．be proud of 以……而自豪
8．judging from 从……判断
9．be trapped in 陷入
10．be buried in 埋头于
『词块积累』
1．as usual 和往常一样
2．rescue workers 救援工人
3．come out of the cracks 从裂缝中出来
4．look for places to hide 寻找藏身之处
5．fall down 掉落下来
6．to the north of the city 在该城市的北方
7．a letter of invitation 一封邀请信
8．give a speech 发表演讲
9．express one’s thanks to 向……表达谢意
1．It seemed as if the world was at an end！好像世界末日到了！2．Thousands of families were killed and many children were left without parents. 成千上万个家庭遇难，许多孩子变成了孤儿。

3．Everywhere they looked nearly everything was destroyed.他们无论朝哪里看，那里的一切几乎都被毁了。

4．All hope was not lost.不是所有的希望都破灭了。

5．The man was sleeping downstairs when the earthquake happened.那个人正在楼下睡觉，突然发生了地震。

Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．He opened the newspaper and had a look through the headlines(大字标题)．2．Jack left the job after ten years because he was beginning to feel trapped(使陷入困境)．
3．The public was shocked(震惊) by an incident in which a man lifted a baby girl and threw her to the ground.
4．San Francisco lay in ruins(废墟) even though rescuers managed to dig out a great number of survivors.
5．This is one of the worst natural disasters(灾难) ever to hit the area.
6．After rescuing(营救)the passengers in the bus，they left.
7．With so many miners buried(掩埋) under the mine，none of the rescue workers
would stop to have a rest.
8．His house was completely destroyed(破坏) in the earthquake.
9．You should make an outline(大纲) before trying to write a composition. 10．The first thing he did was (to) find shelter(掩蔽处) from the freezing wind and snow.
Ⅱ.词性变化练习
1．It is useless(use) discussing the matter with him.He won’t change his mind. 2．Her family was extremely(extreme) poor and all she had was one pair of shoes. 3．Her astonished expression(express)suggested that she hadn’t expected that result. 4．Don’t forget to praise them sincerely(sincere) when someone does something good.
5．He went through a lot of sufferings(suffer) before new China was founded. 6．Rescuers said the injured were taken to a hospital nearby，but fortunately the injury was not serious，not life threatening.(injure)
7．The headmaster wrote a letter to congratulate her on her good performance and the exciting congratulations encouraged her greatly.(congratulate)
8．He was shocked at the shocking news，for I could see his shocked look on his face.(shock)
Ⅲ.选词填空
a number of，judging from，dig out，think little of，at an end，be trapped in，be buried in，in ruins
1．My holiday is at__an__end and I must go back to work tomorrow.
2．I was__trapped__in the heavy rain on the way to school yesterday.
3．When I came in，he was__buried__in playing computer games in his study. 4．The guy is always making phone calls to her，but she thinks__little__of him. 5．The strong earthquake left the city in__ruins merely in several seconds. 6．Having consulted a__number__of books about the subject in the library，he went into the room，ready to give the audience a wonderful speech.
7．Judging__from his happy look on the face，he must have passed the exam this time.
8．As the farmer ploughed the field ，he dug__out a pot of jewelry. Ⅳ.补全句子 1．A young couple in a boat were eating ，talking and laughing loudly.It__seemed/looked__as__if they were the only people in the world. 一对年轻夫妇坐在船上吃着东西，说着话，大笑着。

看起来好像他们是这世界上仅有的人。

2．She ran away and left__her__boyfriend__in__the__rain alone.
她跑开了，留下她的男友一个人在雨中。

3．Everywhere__he__went ，he received a warm welcome.
无论他走到哪里，都受到热烈欢迎。

4．Not__all__body__language__means/All__body__language__doesn’t __mean the same thing in different countries ，such as nodding.
并非所有的肢体语言在不同的国家里都有相同的意思，例如点头。

5．Jack was__doing__some__shopping__in__the__supermarket__when the earthquake happened.
杰克正在超市中购物，突然发生了地震。

核心要点突破
1．burst (burst ，burst ) vi .爆裂；爆发 n ．突然破裂；爆发
(1)burst in/into 闯入；突然破门而入
(2) ⎭
⎪⎬⎪⎫burst out crying/laughing burst into tears/laughter 突然哭起来/笑起来 单句语法填空
①He burst into the room without knocking at the door ，which made me very angry.
②She burst out crying(cry) for a while ，and burst into laughter(laugh) for another moment ，which left us at a loss.
[佳句背诵] Hearing this ，the whole class burst into laughter and my deskmate’s
face turned red.(湖北高考书面表达)
听到这，全班哄堂大笑，我同桌的脸变红了。

[名师指津] 短语burst in 中的in 是副词，后面不接宾语；而burst into 后接宾语。

2．ruin n ．[U ]毁灭；毁坏；崩溃；[常用复数]废墟；遗迹 vt .(使)毁坏；成为废墟
(1)lie/be in ruins 成为废墟
be reduced to ruins 沦为废墟
(2)ruin oneself 毁掉自己；自取灭亡
ruin one ’s health/fame/future 毁坏某人的健康/声誉/前途
单句语法填空/一句多译
①With time going on ，the castle which once was very beautiful is now completely in ruins.
②他犯了个错误，这让他失去了出国的机会。

→He made a mistake ，which__ruined__his__chance__of__going__abroad ．(定语从句)
→He made a mistake ，ruining__his__chance__of__going__abroad ．(分词作状语)
[佳句背诵] If you’re addicted to computer games ，you’ll ruin yourself .
玩电脑游戏成瘾，你会毁了自己。

3．bury vt .掩埋；埋葬；使专心；使沉浸；隐藏
(1) ⎭⎪⎬⎪⎫be buried in bury oneself in 埋头于；专心于
(2)bury one ’s face in one ’s hands 双手掩面
单句语法填空
①Because he buried himself(he)in the film ，he didn’t know it was snowing outside.
②Buried(bury) in his study ，he wasn’t aware that all the others had left.
③Burying(bury) himself in his study ，he wasn’t aware that all the others had left.
[佳句背诵] Though buried in books these days ，I have still joined several student clubs in order to improve myself.(2017·天津高考书面表达)
虽然这些天我忙于学习，但我还是加入了几家学生俱乐部以提高自己。

4．judge n ．裁判员；法官 vt .断定；判断；判决
(1)judge...from/by...从……来判断……
as far as I can judge 据我判断；我认为
(2)judging by/from 从……上看；根据……判断
单句语法填空
Judging(judge) from the above story ，we can draw the conclusion that we don’t judge a book by/from its cover.
[佳句背诵] As far as I can judge ，the film market may witness a slowdown in the near future.(2017·江苏高考书面表达)
我认为，电影市场在不久的将来会低迷。

[名师指津] judging from/by 表示“从……来看；根据……来判断”，用在句首时为一个独立成分，不受句子主语和时态的影响。

5．at an end 结束；终结
(1)at the end of 在……尽头；在……末端
by the end of 到……结束时；到……时候为止(常与完成时态连用)
in the end 最后；终于
(2)
⎭
⎪⎬⎪⎫put/bring...to an end put an end to... 使……结束 come to an end 完成；结束
单句语法填空
①Go straight and you’ll find the hospital at the end of the road.
②The meeting came to an end and he set down many key points.
[佳句背诵] The less the teacher does ，the more the students do and the more they
will learn.In the end they will become active learners rather than passive ones.(广东高考读写任务)
老师做得越少，学生做得越多，他们学得越多。

最终，他们将成为积极的学习者而不是被动的学习者。

6．a (great ) number of 许多；大量的
(1)
⎭⎪⎬⎪⎫a great/large number of a great/good many quite a few ＋可数名词复数＋复数谓语 (2)the number of ＋可数名词复数＋单数谓语
(3) ⎭
⎪⎬⎪⎫a great deal of a great/large amount of ＋不可数名词 (4) ⎭
⎪⎬⎪⎫a lot of/lots of a great/large quantity of/ quantities of
masses of
plenty of ＋可数名词复数或不可数名词 单句语法填空
①A great deal of money was__donated(donate) to a university by an ordinary worker ，which aroused public attention.
②With more and more forests cut down ，large quantities of soil are__being__washed(wash) away.
[佳句背诵] I’ve heard that our school library is planning to buy a number of new books.So I am writing to recommend some books.(浙江高考书面表达)
我听说我们学校的图书馆正计划购置一批新书，所以我写信推荐一些书。

[名师指津] “large quantities/amounts of ＋n .”作主语时谓语动词用复数，而“a large quantity/amount of ＋n .”作主语时谓语动词用单数。

7．as if 引导状语从句或表语从句
It seemed as if the world was at an end ！(教材原句)
好像世界末日到了！
as if(＝as though)“似乎，好像”，在句中引导表语从句或方式状语从句。

(1)如果所引导的从句表示的情况是真实的或是极有可能发生的情况时，句子要用陈述语气。

(2)当说话人所陈述的是不真实的或极少可能发生或存在的情况时，从句用虚拟语气。

(3)如果as if引导的从句中的主语和主句的主语相同，且含有be动词，可省略从句主语和be动词，这样as if 后就只剩下名词、不定式、形容词(短语)、介词短语或分词。

①Paul looked out of the back window and saw the wolf standing over Mac’s bicycle as if it were a kill.(2017·浙江高考写作)
保罗从后窗往外看，看见那只狼站在麦克的自行车旁边，就好像它是被杀死的动物一样。

(虚拟语气)
②Hurry up！It looks as if the train is__going__to__move．(陈述语气)
快点！看起来火车要开了。

③Tom raised his right hand as if to__say(say) something.
汤姆举起右手好像要说什么。

8．部分否定
All hope was not lost.(教材原句)
不是所有的希望都破灭了。

该句是表示部分否定的句型。

all...not...＝not all...，意为“并非所有的……都……”。

①All students don’t obey the school rules，so as a teacher，I should be strict with them.
→Not__all students obey the school rules，so as a teacher，I should be strict with them.
并非所有的学生都遵守学校规章制度，因此作为一名老师，我应严格要求他们。

(1)英语中的all，both，every，everybody，everything，completely，always，whole，entirely 等具有总括意义的代词、形容词和副词与否定词not连用，无论not位置如何，均构成部分否定，表示“并非都”的意思。

(2)英语中的no，none，never，nobody，nothing，neither，no one，nowhere，no more，no longer，no way 等表否定意义的词(组)与肯定式谓语一起使用构成“全部否定”。

②I agree with most of what you said，but I don’t__agree__with__everything．
我同意你说的大部分内容，但我并非同意你讲的一切。

③Nothing in the world is difficult if one sets his mind to it.
[谚]世上无难事，只怕有心人。

考纲词汇专练
Ⅰ.多义词专练——根据语境选出shock的含义
A．n.令人震惊的事B．n.休克C．v t.使触电D．v t.使震惊
1．Anyone touching that wire could get badly shocked. C
2．It shocked me to see how my neighbours treated their children. D
3．Several of those who survived the accident have been taken to hospital in a state of shock. B
4．It was such a shock when they announced the winner was Cart. A
Ⅱ.微阅读——写出黑体词汇在语境中的词性和词义
A terrible earthquake struck this district last week, shocking the world.It caused extreme ①damage to river dams, coal mines and railway ②tracks.Numerous houses were ③destroyed, many streets became cracked and a few gas pipes burst.The local government responded quickly to this ④disaster.People trapped under the ruins were rescued and the injured were sincerely cared for.⑤Shelter, food and fresh water were offered to the survivors.This event attracted worldwide attention, thus reducing the
loss to a minimum.
①n.损失；损害②n.轨道
③v t.破坏；毁坏④n.灾难；灾祸
⑤n.掩蔽处；避身处
Ⅲ.微完形——根据语境选出正确选项
Here is good news for you.Our friend，Williams, came up with an invention after __1__ himself in his research for years.This invention was a __2__ to the world and it was highly thought of by most famous scientists.__3__ from recent surveys, his invention would greatly benefit disabled people.Many people wrote him letters conveying __4__ on his success.He also received a number of invitations to international conferences.His family and friends were very proud of him.
1．A.cracking B．bursting
C．burying D．trapping
2．A.track B．shock
C．shelter D．outline
3．A.Judging B．Suffering
C．Expressing D．Congratulating
4．A.disasters B．headlines
C．events D．congratulations
『答案』 1.C 2.B 3.A 4.D
Ⅰ.在空白处填入1个适当的单词或所给单词的正确形式——热考常考
1．On arriving there，we expressed our congratulations(congratulate) to him on his success.
2．Judging(judge) from what he said just now，he must be an honest man. 3．Seeing the frightening(frighten) scene，the boy began to cry.
4．His house was__destroyed(destroy) in the earthquake last year and he had to build a new one.
5．The mother，along with her two children，was__rescued(rescue) from the sinking boat by a passing ship.
6．Trapped(trap) in the ruins，the girl still wore a smile，waiting to be rescued. 7．Some people，on losing a job or a special relationship，may feel as if it were(be) the end of the world.
8．I sent a big bunch of flowers to the nurse as an expression(express) of thanks for her taking good care of my grandpa in the nursing home.
9．The meeting didn’t come to an end until midnight.
10．Too much drinking will do damage to your health；you should take the doctor’s advice.
Ⅱ.用所给词的正确形式填空——不规则变化
1．A water pipe burst(burst) and the entire apartment was flooded.
2．When the ancient china teacup was__dug(dig) out，people found it was well preserved.
3．The sound of planes could be__heard(hear) outside the city of Tangshan even when no planes were in the sky.
4．In fifteen terrible seconds a large city lay(lie) in ruins.
5．Soon after the quakes，the army sent(send) 150，000 soldiers to Tangshan to help the rescue workers.
Ⅲ.改正下列句子中的唯一错误——易错易混
1．Before you write an article for a newspaper，it is necessary to write a outline first.第二个a→an
2．Do you think possible for so many people to sit in such a small room? think后加it 3．To our relief，up to now the injured in the crash has been carried to the nearby hospital.has→have
4．George is organized，easy－going，hard－working and intelligent.In a word，I can’t think too high of him.high→highly
5．Judged from the letter，they are having a wonderful time.Judged→Judging 6．The little girl was so frightening that she burst out crying.frightening→frightened
7．In the earthquake，about two millions people lost their homes and thousands of houses fell into lions→million
8．The earthquake did damage for the area where many houses fell down and many people were trapped in ruins.for→to
Ⅳ.根据语境选出加黑词的正确含义——熟词生义
A．deliver B．act unreasonably C．behave well
1．Having enough fat and salt in your meals will reduce the urge to snack(吃点心) between meals and will improve the taste of your food.However，be careful not to go to extremes.B
2．As soon as I receive payment I will express the book to you.A。