如何把主动语态转换为被动语态

如何把主动语态转换为被动语态

语态是动词的一种形式，用来说明主语和谓语动词之间的关系。其中主动语态表示主语执行动作，被动语态表示主语承受动作。那么，怎样把主动语态转换为被动语态呢？

1. 先确定主动句的主、谓、宾，找出其谓语动词；

2. 把主动句中谓语动词后面的宾语变为被动句的主语，若宾语是人称代词时，应把宾格变为主格；

3. 把主动句中的谓语动词变为“助动词be + 及物动词的过去分词”结构，但时态不能改变；

4. 把主动句中谓语动词前面的主语变为被动句中介词by的宾语(没必要说出动作的执行者时可略去“by + 宾语”)，若主语是人称代词时，应把主格变为宾格。

友情提示：

1. 如果主动语态中含有动词短语变为被动语态时，不可丢掉短语末尾的介词或副词。如：

You can look up this word in the dictionary. →This word can be looked up in the dictionary.

2. 使役动词make, have及感官动词see, hear, watch, feel等后接省略to的不定式作宾语补足语的主动语态变为被动语态时，动词不定式的符号to还要加上去。如：

The boss made them work for 16 hours a day. →They were made to work for 16 hours a day (by the boss).

We saw them work in that workshop. →They were seen to work (by us) in that workshop.

3. 如果主动语态的句子中含有双宾语变为被动语态时，有两种方法：

①将指人的间接宾语作被动语态的主语时，要将人称代词宾格变为人称代词主格，指物的直接宾语保留不变；②将指物的直接宾语变为被动语态的主语时，间接宾语保留不变，但要在其前加介词for或to。如：

My mother gave me a dictionary as a birthday present. →I was given a dictionary as a birthday present by my mother.

或A dictionary was given to me as a birthday present by my mother.

4. 如果主动语态句中含有复合宾语变为被动语态时，常把主动语态中的宾语变为被动语态中的主语，而把宾语补足语变为主语补足语。如：

We must keep our classroom clean and tidy. →Our classroom must be kept clean and tidy (by us).