动名词的用法(完美版).doc
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高中英语语法之动名词
一、含义
动名词兼有动词和名词特征的非谓语动词形式。基本形式为v-ing,动名词具有名词的性质,因此在句中可以做主语、表语、宾语、定语等。
动名词有时态和语态的变化。
动名词的时态和语态的基本形式:(以 write为例)
时态一般时完成时语态
主动语态writing having written
被动语态being written having been written 注意:动名词的否定形式是:not writing
二、动名词的基本用法
1.用作主语--- 常表抽象,或者泛指习惯性的动作。
Smoking is bad for your health.
Playing with fire is dangerous.
Swimming is her favorite sport. 游泳是她最喜欢的体育运动。
Learning is important to modern life. 学习对现代生活很重要。
注意:
① 不定式也可以做主语。不定式与动名词作主语的区别:
不定式作主语时经常表示具体的、一次性动作,而动名词作主语时经常表示抽
.......
象动作或习惯性动作。
Getting up early is a good habit.
To get up early this morning made me sleepy.
② 动名词作主语,有时用it 作形式主语,把动名词置于句末。
It is no use/ good doing...( 做。。。没有用);
It is fun doing... ( 做。。。很有趣);
It is a waste of time doing... ( 做。。。是浪费时间) 等句型中。
例如:It ’ s no use crying over spilt milk.( 覆水难收)
It is fun playing with children.和孩子们一起玩真好。
It is a waste of time persuading such a person to join us.
说服这样一个人加入我们当中来是浪费时间。
2.作宾语
①作某些及物动词的宾语
常见的动词有:advise ,avoid ,delay ,escape ,excuse ,enjoy ,consider,finish,deny,fancy ,keep ,mind(在乎) postpone ,pardon ,practise,suggest,imagine 等。
need, want, require后接动名词,表示被动意义。
如: Would you mind opening the door请你把门打开好吗
Fancy meeting you here.真想不到在这里遇见你。
② 作介词的宾语
He left without saying good-bye to us. 他没有和我们道别就离开了。
On arriving at the airport , I saw my mother standing in the crowd , waving to me.
一到机场,我就看见我母亲站在人群中,向我招手。
③ 作某些词组的宾语
常见的词组有:
give up , go on ,put off ,can't help , can't stand , be worth , be devoted to ,be accustomed to , be used to , object to ;insist on, look forward to , be sure of ,be keen on,be fond of ,be good at ,be tired of ,be interested in ,be afraid of, cannot help 情不自禁be tired of 厌烦做某事insist on 坚持depend on/upon 指望,依赖set about 着手做get down to 着手做 feel like 想要lead to 导致等。pay attention to
例: I'm looking forward to having the summer holiday in Kun-ming.
我盼望去昆明度暑假。
He gave up smoking several months ago.几个月前,他戒烟了。
④ 某些词组后接动名词作宾语时,可省略词组中的介词。常见的词组如下:
He spends hours (in ) reading newspapers everyday. 他每天花数小时阅读报纸。
We mustn't waste time ( in ) arguing. 我们不能浪费时间争论。
The young doctor lacks experience ( in ) doing such kind of operation.
那年轻的医生在动这种手术上缺乏经验。
We must stop/prevent the teens (from) smoking.
我们必须阻止这些十多岁的孩子吸烟。
We had a hard time(in)finding jobs.我们一度找工作找得很苦。
They earn a living(by)doing housework for other families.
他们为别的家庭做家务来谋生计。
trouble (in)
They have (no)speaking English.
difficulty
他们讲英语(没)有困难。
注意:
⑤ 不定式也可以做宾语
I want to study English.
I hope to have a chance to go abroad.
⑥ 有些动词后即可加动名词也可加不定式,区别不大
★在 begin , start,continue后接动名词和不定式都可以,一般情况下意义相同。playing basketball last year.
如: They started去年他们开始打篮球。
to play basketball last year.
但如果碰到以下情况,begin 和 start后须用动词不定式:
( a)主语是物:
The milk began to boil.牛奶开始煮沸了。