全新版大学英语快速阅读第二册课文

Unit 1How to StudyThere is a lot of misunderstanding about studying. Most students have not been taught the principles behind really effective working. Imagine a graph showing the amount a person learns against the number of hours he works in a day. If he doesn't do any work, he learns nothing (point 0). If he does an hour 's work he learns a certain amount (point 1). If he does two hours' work he learns about twice as much (point 2). If he does more work he'll learn still more (point 3). However, if he tries to do twenty-three and a half hours' work in one day, he'll be so tired that he'll hardly remember anything: what he learns will be very little (point 4). If he did less work he 'd learn more (point 5).Now whatever the exact shape of the graph 's curve, made by joining these points, it must have a high point. Point "X" is the very maximum anyone can learn in the day. And this represents the optimum, the best, amount of work to do. It is the best possible compromise between adequate time at the books and fatigue. Fatigue is an absolutely real thing; one can't escape it or ignore it. If you try to ignore it and press yourself to work past the optimum, you will only get on this downward slope and achieve less than the best—and then become very tired and lose your power of concentration.The skill in being a student consists of getting one 's daily study as near the optimum point as possible. I cannot tell you what the optimum is. It differs with the type of work, it differs from person to person, and even in the same person it varies from week to week. You must try to find your own. Every day you study, bear this principle of the optimum in mind. When you feel yourself getting fatigued, if you find yourself reading the same paragraph over and over again and not taking it in, that's a pretty good sign you 've reached your highest point for the day and should stop. Most ordinary students find their optimum at about five hours a day. Yours may be a little more or a little less—but if you get in five hours' good work a day, you will be doing well.Now, what are you doing with yourself when you aren't working? Before examinations some students do nothing at all except sit in a chair and worry. Here is another misunderstanding. People often think that the mind works like the body; it does not. If one wanted to save one 's physical energy in order to cut the maximum amount of firewood, one would lie flat on a bed and rest when one wasn't chopping. But the mind cannot rest. Even in sleep you dream, even if you forget your dreams. The mind is always turning. It gets its relaxation only by variety. That is what makes the mind rest.When you 've finished your optimum number of hours you must stop. You must not then sit around in the chair thinking about the work—that only tires without any learning. You must get out and do something. It doesn't matter what—anything so long as you are actively doing something else but work.有一个关于学习有许多误解。

大多数学生都没有真正有效的背后教工作的原则。

想象一下，一个图表显示的数额一人对他的小时数在一天工作学习。

如果他没有做任何工作，他学习什么（点0）。

如果他没有一小时的工作，他学到一定数额（第1点）。

如果他做了两小时的工作，他知道了两倍多（2点）。

如果他做更多的工作，他将学习更多的（3点）。

不过，如果他试图做23个半小时的工作，有一天，他会因为太累了，他会很难记住任何东西：他学习将是非常小（4点）。

如果他这样做较少的工作，他倒是学到更多（5点）。

现在，无论在图形的曲线精确形状，由这些点连接了，它必须有一个高点。

点“X”是任何人都可以学习很最高的一天。

这代表了最佳，最好的，要做大量的工作。

这是最好的可能的妥协之间有充分的时间在书籍和疲劳。

疲劳是绝对真实的东西，一个无法逃避它或忽略它。

如果你试图忽略它，然后按自己过去工作的最佳，也只获得这个走下坡路，实现比最好的，然后变得非常疲倦，失去你的集中力不足。

在当学生的技能获得一个'S作为由尽可能接近最佳点的日常学习。

我不能告诉你什么是最佳的。

它与不同类型的工作，它不同于他人的人，即使在同一人有异，从一周到一周。

你必须努力去发现你自己的。

每天你学习，牢记这个优化的原则。

当你觉得自己越来越疲惫，如果你发现自己阅读同一段一遍又一遍，不肯接受它，这是一个非常好的迹象你'维生素E达到了当天的最高点，应该停止。

最普通的学生发现在大约5个小时，每天的优化。

你可能会多一点还是少一点，但如果你在5个小时的工作，取得良好的一天，你会做得很好。

现在，什么是你自己做时，你不工作吗？一些学生考试前什么也不做，除了坐在椅子上和担心。

这里是另一个误解。

人们往往认为，思想就如同身体的工程，它不是。

如果有人想挽救一个人的身体能量，以减少对木柴的最高限额，一会平躺在床上休息时，一不砍。

但头脑不能休息。

即使在睡觉你的梦想，即使你忘了你的梦想。

心是永远转动。

它以品种，仅得到了缓和。

这就是使身心得到休息。

当你已经做完你的时间的最佳数目你必须停止。

你不能再坐在椅子上的思考的工作，没有任何学习的唯一轮胎。

你一定要出来做一点事。

这并不重要，任何事情只要你干点别的什么，但积极的工作。

Learning to Keep You Cool During TestsHave you ever felt so anxious during an examination that you couldn't even put down the answers you knew? If so, you were suffering from what is known as test anxiety.According to psychologist Ralph Trimble, test anxiety is a very real problem for many people. When you 're worried over your performance on an exam, your heart beats faster and your pulse speeds up. These reactions start others: You may sweat more than normal or suffer from a stomachache or headache. Your field of vision narrows and becomes tunnel-like. Before you know it, you 're having difficulty focusing."What I hear students say over and over again," says Dr. Trimble, who is working at the Psychological and Counseling Center at the University of Illinois, "is, 'My mind went blank.'"For a number of years, Dr. Trimble helped many students learn how to perform better during exams and to bring up their grades. Some of these students were interested in sharing what they learned and, with Trimble 's help, began holding workshops on overcoming test anxiety. For many students, just being in a workshop with other sufferers made them feel better. They realized that they were not the only ones who had done poorly on tests because of tension.The workshops were so successful that they are still given.In the workshops, students are taught that anxiety is normal. You just have to prevent it from getting the best of you. The first step is to learn to relax. If before or during an examination you start to panic, stretch as hard as you can, tensing the muscles in your arms and legs; then suddenly relax all of them.This will help relieve tension. But keep in mind that you don't want to be too relaxed. Being completely relaxed is no better than being too tense. "If you are so calm you don't care how you do on an examination, you won't do well," Trimble says. "There is an optimum level of concern when you perform at your best. Some stress helps. There are people who can't take even slight stress. They have to learn that in a challenging situation, being anxiously excited is good and will help them to do better. But if they call it anxiety and say, 'It's going to hit me again,' that will make them nervous and worried."As a student you must also realize that if you leave too much studying until a day or two before the examination, you can't do the impossible and learn it all. Instead, concentrate on what you can do and try to think what questions are likely to be asked and what you can do in the time left for studying.When you sit down to study, set a moderate pace and vary it by reading, writing notes, and going over any papers you have already written for the course, as well as the textbooks and notes you took in class. Review what you know. Take breaks and go to sleep early enough to get a good night 's rest before the exam. You should also eat a moderate breakfast or lunch, avoiding drinks like coffee and stay away from fellow students who get tense. Panic spreads easily.Get to the exam room a few minutes early so that you will have a chance to familiarize yourself with the surroundings and get out your supplies. When the examination is handed out, read the directions twice and underline the significant instructions, making sure you understand them. Ask the teacher to explain if you don't. First answer the easiest questions, then go back to the more difficult.On essay questions, instead of starting right away, take a few minutes to organize your thoughts, make a brief outline, and then start off with a summary sentence. Keep working steadily, and even when time starts to run out, don't speed up.你们可曾想过在一个考试，你甚至不能放下手中的答案你知道这样紧张？如果是这样，你的痛苦，什么是已知的考试焦虑。