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文化领域的反歧视运动：黑色Black首字母需要大写

导读

由美国非洲裔男子乔治·弗洛伊德之死所引发的反种族主义抗议活动在全美“开花”。抗议浪潮愈演愈烈，并开始向文化圈蔓延。

双语阅读

On June 19, AP became the latest media organization to change its policy to capitalize “Black”when the word is used in “a racial, ethnic or cultural context.”

6月19日，美联社成为最新一家改变政策的媒体机构，当“黑”一词用于“种族、民族或文化背景”时，需要将其大写。

“Use of the capitalized Black recognizes that language has evolved,” says AP’s enhanced entry on race-related coverage, “along with the common understanding that especially in the United States, the term reflects a shared identity and culture rather than a skin color alone.” Other large outlets that recently adopted this change include the USA Today Network, NBC News and the Los Angeles Times.

"使用大写的Black表明语言在发展，"美联社在种族相关报道的加强版块中说，"还有一个共识，那就是特别是在美国，这个词反映了一种共同的身份和文化，而不仅仅是一种肤色。" 最近沿用这一变化的其他大型媒体还包括《今日美国网》、美国全国广播新闻网和《洛杉矶时报》。

News organizations use a stylebook — whether AP or custom guidelines — to maintain consistency on capitalization, spelling and other issues. In most newsrooms, a committee of journalists

is charged with keeping the style guide up to date. This requires research of the linguistics and history surrounding proposed changes as well as careful assessment of public taste and sensibilities.

新闻机构使用格式手册——无论是美联社还是自定义准则——来在大写、拼写和其他问题上保持一致性。在大多数新闻编辑室，记者委员会负责不断更新格式指南。这需要对与提议的变化相关的语言学和历史进行研究，并仔细评估公众的品味和情感。

Media practices reflected denigrating customs, such as that of white people, even children, calling black adults by their first names to deny them the respect conferred by the titles Mr. or Mrs. (The use of Aunt or Uncle for black elders — think Aunt Jemima and Uncle Ben — was also an effort to avoid saying Mr. or Mrs.) Some media organizations used titles only for white people in news coverage as late as the 1950s.

媒体的做法反映了诋毁性的习俗，比如白人，甚至是儿童，对黑人成年人直呼其名，以剥夺他们享有“先生”或“夫人”头衔所赋予的受尊重的权利(称呼老年黑人姑姑或叔叔——比如杰米玛姑姑和本叔叔——也是为了避免说先生或夫人。)直到20世纪50年代，一些媒体机构都还在新闻报道中只对白人使用先生/太太的尊称。

1.denigrate

• (formal) to criticize sb / sth unfairly; to say sb / sth does not have any value or is not important •诋毁；诽谤；贬低

这里denigrating是修饰custom，所以是简单的xx反映xx

2.confer

~ sth (on / upon sb) to give sb an award, a university degree or a particular honour or right

•授予(奖项、学位、荣誉或权利)

Sensibilities also vary among audiences. Black-focused publications such as Ebony magazine, the Afro-American Newspapers and others have long rendered“Black” with a capital “B.” But there is not uniformity among black Americans about black vs. Black. Some argue that if black is capitalized as a racial identifier, then brown must also be capitalized. The same treatment would extend to white, which, problematically, is a style often used by white supremacist groups.

读者的感受也各不相同。以黑人为主题的出版物，如《乌木》

杂志、非裔美国人报纸等，长期以来一直在“Black”一词中使用大写字母“B”。但是美国黑人对于小写黑和大写黑的看法并不一致。一

些人认为，如果“black”作为一个种族标识大写，那么“brown”也必

须大写。同样的处理方式也会延伸到“白”，但问题是，这是白人至上主义团体经常使用的一种方式。

本文节选自：Washington Post（华盛顿邮报）

作者：Shirley Carswell

原文标题：Why news organizations’ move to capitalize ‘Black’ is a win

词汇积累

1.outlet

•英/ˈaʊtlet/ 美/ˈaʊtlet/