生物化学Biochemistry双语课件PPT06维生素VitaminandCoenzyme

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Avitaminosis 维生素缺乏症: being lack of vitamin, obstacle of metabolism different vitamin, different physiology function, different symptom
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Existed with the lipid in foods. Absorbed in the intestines with the lipid Stored in the body, especially in the liver
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Vitamin A
•A fat soluble vitamin, •Derived from β-carotene 胡萝卜素
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•The alcohol form of vitamin A, retinol视黄醇, is the storage form in the body
• The aldehyde form, retinal视黄醛, has a role in vision. •The acid form, retinoic acid视黄酸, functions in embryonic development. •Vitamin A acts to some extent in the body as an antioxidant抗 氧化剂, protecting against oxidative damage
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Lipid-Soluble Vitamins
The four lipid-soluble vitamins - A,D,E, and K 类异戊二烯分子(异戊二烯构建分子生物合成) Although one of these, Vitamin D, is ultimately derived from cholesterol,
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Vitamin D
抗佝偻病维生素
derived from cholesterol
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•D3 (most abundant form), cholcalciferol胆钙化醇, in amimal D2,麦角钙化醇, in plant • Vitamin D is not technically a vitamin（not required in the diet. It arises from uv-photolysis of 7-dehydrocholesterol 7脱氢胆甾醇） • Vitamin D regulates calcium and phosphorus metabolism, 有利于新 骨的生成与钙化。
Fat-soluble: vitamins A, D, E, and K Water-soluble: B complex vitamins，lipoic acid and vitamin C.
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Vitamin functions:
•Coenzymes in catalyzed reactions (derivates of vitamin Bs) •Some vitamins are considered as hormones (vitamins A & D) •Antioxidants (vitamins C & E)
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眼球视网膜两类感觉细胞 圆锥细胞: sensitive to bright light and colour 杆细胞: sensitive to weak light, 暗视觉
视紫红质
暗合成
光分解
视蛋白
11-顺视黄醛
全反型视黄醛
同分异构酶
Lack of Vit A, 暗处不能辨别物体, 夜盲症
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Vitamin K1 (Phylloquinone) in plants
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Vitamin K2 (Menaquinone) in animals
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Water-soluble vitamins
thiamin (B1 ) 硫胺素 riboflavin (B2 ) 核黄素 niacin, niacinamide (PP, B3) 烟酰(胺) B-complex pantothenic acid (B5) vitamins pyridoxin, pyridoxal (B6) biotin (B7) cyanocobalamin/hydroxycobalamin (B12) folic acid/folate (B9, Vitamin M ) lipoic acid/lipoate硫辛酸 ascorbic acid (C )
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vitamin K
in plants as vitamin K1 2-甲基-1,4-萘醌的衍生物
in animals as vitamin K2
一般不易缺乏
凝血维生素： 具有促进凝血的功能
促进肝脏合成凝血酶原(凝血因子II), 调节另外三种凝血因子VII,
IX, X的合成
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unsatured fatty acids in membrane lipids • Deficiency of vitamin E also leads to other symptoms,
vitamin E probably plays other roles as yet undiscovered.
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Vitamin E
• A fat soluble vitamin ,
•also called α-tocopherol生育酚,与动物生育有关
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•An antioxidant protect against oxidative damage in cellular membranes. preventing the attack of peroxides 过氧化物, 过氧化氢 on
Chapter 6 Vitamin and Coenzyme
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Vitamins are organic molecules that are essential to the biological processes of higher organisms, but cannot be synthesized by these organisms.