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Journal，year，vol.（issue）：pagesTitle：Author and Afficiation:Keyword, Abstract, Introduction, text, Conclusions总结常用句型和常用短语。

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1Journal，year，vol.（issue）：pagesChemical Engineering Science 63 (2008) 5821 – 5830Title：Predicting discharge dynamics from a rectangular hopper using the discrete element method (DEM)Author and Afficiation: Anand , Anshu，Curtis, Jennifer，S.Wassgren, Carl R.Keyword：Simulation Hopper discharge rate FrictionAbstract：Accurate prediction of the discharge rate from hoppers is important in many industrial processes involving the handling of granular materials. The present work investigates the parameters affecting the discharge rate using the discrete element method (DEM). The effects of particle properties (particle size and size distribution) and hopper geometry (hopper width, outlet width, angle and fill height) are studied and compared to previously published experimental correlations. The results indicate that DEM simulations are fully capable of reproducing trends in the discharge rate that are well-known experimentally. For example, particle size and hopper width are shown to have a minimal influence on the discharge rate. In addition, for rectangular hoppers, the discharge rate is shown to vary with the outlet width raised to the32power as given by the modified Beverloo correlation. The DEM simulations are also used to explore a wider range of parameters that have not been or are not easily explored experimentally. For example, the effects of hopper friction, particle friction, coefficient of restitution are investigated, and particle friction is shown to have a significant influence on the hopper discharge behavior.2Journal，year，vol.（issue）：pagesMethods and Models in Automation and Robotics (MMAR), 2012 17th International Conference on，27-30 Aug. 2012Title：Dynamic Modelling Of A New Configuration Of Two Wheeled Robotic Machine On An Inclined SurfaceAuthor and Afficiation:S. Agouri, O. Tokhi, A. Almeshal and O. SayidmarieDepartment of Automatic Control and Systems Engineering, University of Sheffield Sheffield, United Kingdom Abstract,Abstract—This paper focuses on a novel type of two wheeled robotic system. The system poses a challenging control problem in terms of combining upright balance, stability and maneuverability. The system is designed with the ability to move on irregular terrains such as frictional and inclined surfaces. The work investigates the dynamic modeling and control of the two-wheeled robotic machine moving on an inclined surface. This paper presents the dynamic modeling of theproposed system using the Lagrange approach. The model is built in Matlab Simulink environment and its controllability tested with a Proportional-integral-derivative (PID) control me3Journal，year，vol.（issue）：pagesMechanism and Machine Theory 46 (2011) 1171–1192Title：The axes response and resonance identification for a machine toolAuthor and Afficiation:he British University in Dubai, P.O. Box 345015, Dubai, United Arab EmiratesbUniversity of Bradford, Bradford, BD7 1DP, UKKeyword, Cyclic Cutting Dynamic ResonanceAbstract,The X–Y axes, distributed–lumped model, for a machine tool system are derived. Model validations using measured results are presented. Adaptation of the model accommodating thereby the Z axis transmission is provided. The combined X–Y–Z axes response, for a cylindrical cutting operation, enabling an assessment of machining integrity, is detailed. Resonance conditions and the identification of adverse cutting frequencies are investigated. Dynamic amplification and the time domain performance of the system is determined.4Journal，year，vol.（issue）：pagesCIRP Annals - Manufacturing Technology 61 (2012) 375–378Title：Mechanism of surface modification using machine hammer peening technologyAuthor and Afficiation:Institute for Production Engineering and Laser Technology, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, AustriabInstitute of Materials Science and Technology, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria Keyword, Residual stress Roughness Machine hammer peeningAbstract,The process of machine hammer peening is based on an actuator, which moves an axially guided hardmetal ball with an oscillating movement to a work piece surface. This actuator could be attached to any kind of machine tool, even to a robot. Because of the well-directed impacts on the surface it is possible to structure and modify the material and its surface in various ways. The main positive effects of machine hammer peening are the induction of compressive residual stresses, the hardness increase of the upper surface layer and a reduction of surface roughness up to mirror-like surfaces.5Journal，year，vol.（issue）：pagesCIRP Annals - Manufacturing Technology 59 (2010) 409–412Title：Stiffness of 5-axis machines with serial, parallel, and hybrid kinematics: Evaluation and comparisonAuthor and Afficiation:Y. Shneor, V.T. PortmanBen-Gurion University of the Negev, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Beer-Sheva, Israel Keyword, Stiffness Machine tools Parallel kinematicsAbstract,Introduction of parallel kinematics mechanisms in structures of modern machine tools results in resumed development and investigation of stiffness performance indexes. In this paper, a new stiffness-related engineering index –minimum collinear stiffness value (CSV) –is applied for stiffness evaluation of machine tools with different kinematics types. The evaluation embraces both local stiffness values in a given configuration and global stiffness features over all workspace.A dimensionless form is entered as the ratio of the CSV to the stiffness value of a single actuator. Stiffness features of 5-axis machines with serial, parallel, and tripod-based hybrid kinematics are simulated using the developed approach.6Journal，year，vol.（issue）：pagesTectonophysics，2013 ECTO-125810; No of Pages 16Title：FEM analysis of deformation localization mechanisms in a 3-D fractured medium under rotating compressive stress orientationsAuthor and Afficiation:Geertje Strijkera, Fred Beekmanb, Giovanni Bertottia,c, Stefan M. LuthiDepartment of Geotechnology, Delft University of Technology,The Nether landsb Department of Earth Sciences, Utrecht University,The Nether landsc Department of Tectonics/Structural Geology, VU University Amsterdam, The NetherlandKeyword, Finite element method；Fracture；Re-activation；Shear zone；Mechanical interaction Abstract,Stress distributions and deformation patterns in a medium with a pre-existing fracture set are analyzed as a function of the remote compressive stress orientation using finite element models with increasingly complex fracture configurations. Slip along the fractures causes deformation localization at the tips as wing cracks or shear zones. The deformation intensity is proportional to the amount of slip, attaining a peak value for a = 45° (α: angle between the fracture strike and σH) and slip is linearly proportional with fracture length. Mechanical interaction between fractures in a fracture zone, quantified as change in slip compared to an isolated fracture, decreases with increasing fracture separation. Fracture under lap elongates the fracture length and therefore increases the amount of slip, while fracture overlap exhibits the opposite effect. Fracture slip decreases with an increasing amount of directly adjacent fractures. Mechanical interaction becomes negligible for fracture configurations with spacing-to-length and spacing-to-overlapratios exceeding 0.5 and that in this case fractures are decoupled.Independent of the pre-existing fracture configuration, the development of a secondary systematic fracture set driven by a remote stress rotation is dominated byσH; development of wing cracks or shear zones is restricted to the fracture tips. Blocks with tapered geometries are present in models with a variable fracture strike, where the maximum principal stress , applying the geological convention that compressive stresses are positive) trajectories consistently deviate from σH; the presence of two systematic σ1trajectory orientations suggests that two types of secondary features could develop in one re-activation phase.7Journal，year，vol.（issue）：pagesCOMPUTER METHODS IN APPLIED MECHANICS AND ENGINEERING出版年: 2010 期: 5-8 特刊: SI 页: 229-263卷: 199Title：Isogeometric analysis using T-splinesAuthor and Afficiation:Keyword:T-splines; NURBS; Isogeometric analysis; Fluid dynamics; Structural analysis; PB-splinesAbstract:We explore T-splines, a generalization of NURBS enabling local refinement, as a basis for isogeometric analysis. We review T-splines as a surface design methodology and then develop it for engineering analysis applications. We test T-splines on some elementary two-dimensional and three-dimensional fluid and structural analysis problems and attain good results in all cases. We summarize the current status of T-splines, their limitations, and future possibilities.8Journal，year，vol.（issue）：pagesPrecision Engineering 35 (2011) 574–590Title：Modelling and simulation of structure surface generation using computer controlled ultra-precision polishingAuthor and Afficiation:C.F. Cheung , L.B. Kong, L.T. Ho, S. ToState Key Laboratory in Ultra-precision Machining Technology, Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University,Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong KongKeyword: Mechanical polishing Precision; engineering Surface; generation Structured; surfaces InfluenceAbstract:The applications of structured surfaces have been more widespread. However, research on the fabrication of these surfaces is still far from complete. The paper presents a theoretical and experimental investigation of the generation of structured surfaces by using Computer Controlled Ultra-precision Polishing (CCUP). A surface topography simulation model and hence a model-based simulation system for the modelling and simulation of the generation of structuresurfaces by using CCUP have been established and verified through a series of simulation and practical polishing experiments. The results of experiments demonstrate the capability of the model-based simulation system in predicting the form error and the pattern of the 3D-texture generated by using CCUP.9Journal，year，vol.（issue）：pagesProcedia CIRP 2 ( 2012 ) 4–9Title：Knowledge structuring and simulation modeling for product developmentAuthor and Afficiation:J.M. Jauregui-Becker, W.W. Witsa University of Twente, Drienerlolaan 5, 7522 NB EnschedeKeyword: Simulation; engineering modeling; knowledge structuresAbstract:This paper proposes a new approach based on knowledge structures for building simulation models. The target are products to be redesigned integrating new technologies. The main idea of the approach is to limit the development of an analysis model to that of the new technology and merge it into the existing prototype using the connection parameters determined at the hand of the knowledge models. This approach was implemented for the design of a next-generation system iron. The approach enabled easy collection of data and automatic model verification, demonstrating its capability to reduce complexity in product development.10Journal，year，vol.（issue）：pagesScientia Iranica B (2011) 18 (4), 950–965Title：Control of car-like (wheeled) multi robots for following and hunting a moving target Author and Afficiation:H. Sayyaadi , H. Kouhi, H. SalariehSchool of Mechanical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, P.O. Box 11155-9567, IranKeyword:Multi robot;Multi agents;Following and huntingtarget;Car-like;Nonholonomic;Kalman filterAbstract:The main purpose of this paper is to design a decentralized controller for some car-like(wheeled) multi robots to follow and hunt a moving target. Considering geometric dimensions, mass and moment of inertia, robots are very similar to actual cars in which the outputs of the controller are steering and driving wheel torques. All robots are equipped with range and bearing sensors along with antenna, to communicate radio wave signals. A Kalman filter is implemented to estimate relative position, state variables of the target and state variables of other robots. The controller is designed to carry out the group maneuver of the system, based on the system dynamics analysis ofinertial agents, as well as minimizing the norm of the error between desired and actual acceleration. A simulation study considering the group maneuver of four robots has been carried out, and the achieved results in positions, velocities and other relevant state variables of agents are depicted in the paper. The control torques of the steering system and driving wheels are derived and depicted appropriately. These results guarantee the performance of the addressed controller coupled with the Kalman filter, despite the existence of nonholonomics in dynamics, inertial behaviors, etc.11Journal，year，vol.（issue）：pagesRobotics and Autonomous Systems 59 (2011) 101–112Title：Experiences and results from designing and developing a 6 DoF underwater parallel robot Author and Afficiation:Roque Saltaren Pazmiño , Cecilia E. Garcia Cenaa Centr e for Automation and Robotics, UPM-CSIC, Jose G. Abascal 2, 28006 Madrid, Spainb Centre for Automation and Robotics, UPM-CSIC, Ronda de Valencia, 3, 28012 Madrid, Spainc Universidad del Zulia, Maracaibo, VenezuelaKeywords: Parallel robot; Modelling Control ; of parallel robotAbstract:REMO I Robot is a novel application of a parallel structure as an underwater robot of 6 DoF. Compared toother underwater robots, navigation of REMO I Robot is performed by the capability of its parallel structure to modify its geometric structure (thruster and front ring) and to displace by itself. This kinematic property of the parallel platform allows vectorial formation of thrusting forces to take place. Remo I Robot has just one single thruster in its rear ring, therefore the vectorial navigation gives maneuverability, flexibility ,and holonomic capabilities for its navigation and positioning. The latter is important for intervention and manipulation tasks. That is why it gives a solid alternative when compared to traditional submarine robots such as shown in the simulation results and experiments performed using a real prototype. In conclusion, this paper proposes a conceptual frame for the development of underwater parallel robots. Moreover, it also points out the experience acquired from the development of the underwater Remo I Robot.常用句型和常用短语1. The present work investigates the parameters affecting the discharge rate using the discrete element method (DEM)2. The results indicate that…………………..3. The DEM simulations are also used to explore a wider range of parameters that have not been or are not easily explored experimentally4. This paper focuses on a novel type of two wheeled robotic system.5. The system poses a challenging control problem in terms of combining upright balance, stability and maneuverability.6. Model validations using measured results are presented7. Resonance conditions and the identification of adverse cutting frequencies are investigated.8. Dynamic amplification and the time domain performance of the system is determined.9. The main positive effects of machine hammer peening are the induction of compressive residual stresses, the hardness increase of the upper surface layer and a reduction of surface roughness up to mirror-like surfaces.10. The second term on the right side of Eq.(a) canbe expanded with the help of the ... as,Introduction,11. This work focuses on simulating granular flow in a quasi-3D,12. One of the major industrial problems in using hoppers is obtaining reproducible and consistent particle discharge flow rates. 料斗13. One of the first studies of granular flows in a hopper was based on a continuum model by Janssen (1895).14. His analysis showed that………..15. It is essential for this study to develop an accurate mathematical model describing the system’s features.16. The mode of operation of the vehicle is demonstrated in terms of upright balance and stabilization.17. To accurately incorporate these changes the system's spatial dispersion must beincluded in the modelling process.18. Of importance in this assessment isText:19. Fig. 2 shows a typical discharge profile obtained from the base-line DEM simulation.20. Many experimental investigations have shown that hopper width has no effect on the discharge rate21. The system schematic diagram is presented in Fig 1,22. In order to keep the whole system controlled, two PID controllers are developed as shown in Figure 3;23. The objective of the control scheme is to maintain the upright balance position of the intermediate body while the vehicle wheels are moving linearly on an inclined surface.24. From the diagram shown in Fig. 1 it is evident that the lead-screw is subjected to combined to rsional and longitudinal, torque and force, respectively.25.The need for improved surface integrity and enhanced functional performance of manufacturedcomponents has acted as a driving force in the development of new production method sand high performance manufacturing technologies26. Thus the above mentioned technologies can be classified as directly operating processes (Fig.2).27. In contrast, indirect processes are based on the creation and induction of shock waves to modify the material properties as presented in28. In order to derive a comprehensive understanding of various experiment shave been29. As an example Fig. 8 shows the influence of the feedingConclusions30. In terms of practical applications, the results indicate that hopper discharge rate can be increased by decreasing particle friction as well as increasing outlet width.31. In addition, it is shown that in order to maintain a uniform discharge rate, the fill height should not fall below one half of the outlet width32. Finally, the simulations confirm that particle sizehopper width, coefficient of restitution, and particle–wall friction33. The simulation results obtained were satisfactory and encouraging.34. Further development of the control strategy is expected to lead to more satisfactory results in future work.35.The modelling procedures outlined in this contribution illustrate how a distributed–lumped parameter model, for a machine tool system, can be derived.36. The integration of the lumped and distributed system models enabled the assembly of a high fidelity, analytical description37. This paper presents the results of experimental tests and model based description of machine hammer peening technology38. Further steps in research will be performed in the fields of process modelling using FEM or smoothed particle simulation.39. In this paper, a new stiffness-related engineering index – minimum collinear stiffness value (CSV) – is applied for stiffness evaluation of machine tools with different kinematics types.40. Clearly, stiffness presents one of the keyparameters used for comparison of machine tools with different kinematic types41. The authors are grateful to the Paul Ivanier Robotics Research and Production Management Center for partial support of this work.。