2020届高三英语一轮复习教案： Unit 4 Earthquakes(新人教版必修1)

Ⅰ.联想记忆(根据提示写出相应的词汇以及相关短语)
1．right_away立刻；马上→at once 立刻；马上
2．burst vi.爆裂→burst_into tears＝burst_out crying 突然哭起来
3．as_if 仿佛；好像→as though 好像→even_if/even though尽管
4．ruin n．废墟；vt.毁灭→in_ruins成为废墟
5．injure vt.损害→the_injured 受伤的人
6．bury vt.埋葬；掩埋→be buried_in 埋头于
7．shelter n．掩蔽；避身处→shelter...from...保护某人不受……
8．damage n. & vt.损失→do damage_to对……损伤→do good_to对……有好处→do harm to 伤害……
9．judge vt.断定→judging_by/from...根据……判断
Ⅱ.构词记忆(根据提示写出相应的词汇及其派生词)
1．nation n．民族；国家→national adj.国家的；民族的
2．dirt n．污垢→dirty adj.脏的
3．extreme adj.极度的→extremely adv.极端地
4．frighten vt.使惊吓→frightening adj.令人恐惧的→frightened adj.受惊的
5．express vt.表达；n.快车；速递→expression n．表达；表情
Ⅲ.语境填词(根据提示用适当的单词或短语填空)
1．The earthquake(地震) left the whole area in_ruins(严重受损)．Most buildings were destroyed(毁坏) and great damage(损害) was done to the mental health of the victims.
2．In the disaster(灾难), a_great_number_of_miners(许多矿工) were buried(掩埋) underground.It took the rescue(救援) workers much time to dig them out(掘出)．Luckily, most of them were still quite well and only some got injured(受伤的)．
3．The oil pipe burst(破裂), which frightened(使惊吓) the people and caused losses of millions of dollars.
4．He burst_out_of(冲出) the house right_away(立刻) after he received a call as_if(好像) something urgent had happened.
5．The prediction that many disasters(灾难) will happen and that the earth will be at_an_end(终结) soon shocked(震惊) all the people.
Ⅳ.语境记忆(背诵语段，记忆单元词汇)
The whole nation was shocked by the earthquake.It was really an extremely frightening disaster.Almost everything was destroyed and people suffered a lot.They needed shelters and electricity.They expressed their sincere thanks to the Party for immediate rescue.
Ⅴ.课文原句背诵
1．Everywhere_they_looked nearly everything was destroyed.人们无论朝哪里看，那里的一切几乎都被毁了。

2．Your speech was heard by a group of five judges，all_of_whom agreed that it was the best one this year.
有5个评委听了你的演讲，他们都觉得你的演讲是今年最好的。

3．It_seemed_as_if the world was at an end!
仿佛到了世界末日！
Ⅰ.单项填空
1．I wish to thank Professor Smith, without________help I would never have got this far. (2012·天津，7)
A．who B．whose C．whom D．which
答案 B
解析句意为：我想要感谢史密斯教授，没有他的帮助我就不会走得这么远。

whose是关系代词，引导定语从句，表示“……的”。

考生容易误选C项，因为只看到了without whom语意上相当于without Professor Smith，而忽略了题干中的help。

若选C项的话，可去掉题干中的help。

(考查单元语法)
2．Maria has written two novels，both of ________ have been made into television series. (2012·山东，23)
A．them B．that
C．which D．what
答案 C
解析句意为：玛丽娅已写了两部小说，它们都已被拍成了电视剧。

分析题干结构可以看出：Maria has written two novels是一个完整的含“主谓宾”的句子。

如果后半句也是个完整的句子的话，那么题干中的两个分句中间缺少连接词and，故A项不正确。

由此不难看出空格处应用关系代词which引导非限制性定语从句，which代替先行词two novels。

that作关系代词不能放于介词之后；what不能引导定语从句。

分清句子结构是解答本题的关键。

(考查单元语法)
3．Jack wasn’t saying anything，but the teacher smiled at him________he had done
something very clever. (2011·湖南，33)
A．as if B．in case
C．while D．though
答案 A
解析句意为：杰克什么也没说，但是老师朝着他笑，就好像他做了非常明智的事情一样。

as if好像；in case以防万一；while当……时候；而，却；though尽管。

由句意可知应选A项。

(教材原句：It seemed as if the world was at an end！)
4．The ability________an idea is as important as the idea itself. (2011·湖南，21) A．expressing B．expressed
C．to express D．to be expressed
答案 C
解析句意为：表达观点的能力和观点本身同等重要。

ability后通常跟动词不定式(短语)作后置定语，故排除A、B两项；此处the ability与express是逻辑上的主谓关系，表示主动意义，故排除D项。

(教材原句：I would like to express my thanks to...who...)
5．After getting lost in a storm, a member of the navy team________four days later.(2011·上海，31)
A．rescued B．was rescued
C．has rescued D．had been rescued
答案 B
解析考查时态。

句意为：迷失在暴风雨四天后，一名海军成员被救起。

由句中的时间状语
four days later可知句子要用一般过去时，又a member of the navy team与rescue之间是被动关系，要用一般过去时的被动语态形式，故选B。

(教材原句：Some of the rescue workers and doctors were trapped under the ruins.)
Ⅱ.完形、阅读——英译汉
1．The restaurant called me right away and I thought to myself, this is going to be easy. (2012·湖南·完形)
餐馆立刻给我打了电话，我心想这应该不难。

2．As soon as you hear it, you know the meeting is at an end. (2012·广东·阅读A)
一听到这个你就知道会议结束了。

3．When she opened her eyes and saw her dog standing beside her, the girl said，“you rescued me, Laddy.”(2012·陕西·完形)
当睁开眼睛看到自己的爱犬站在一旁，女孩说“Laddy,_是你救了我。

”
4．Without knowledge, we may be completely destroyed by the danger. (2011·江西·阅读D) 没有知识，我们就可能被危险毁掉。

Ⅲ.书面表达——汉译英
1．我不知道是小说中的什么东西使他突然泪如泉涌。

(burst into tears)(2012·湖北·书面表达) I don’t know what in the novel made him burst into tears.
2．然而，有些课文有太多的难以理解的生词短语，因此我建议把这些文章换成简单点的。

(express) (2012·辽宁·书面表达) However, some of the texts have too many new words and expressions which are hard for us.Therefore, I’d like to suggest changing them into easier ones.
历年高考热点：as if/though，express，right away，at an end，rescue，destroy，burst into tears，expression等的用法。

2014考点预测：judge，ruin，injure，trap，burst，bury，a number of等的用法。

1
双语释义n．裁判员；法官；vt.判定；判断；判决(form an opinion about sth. or decide a result of sth.)
学情诊断
(1)完成句子
①We can’t judge_a_person_by_his looks.
我们不能以貌取人。

②Judging_from_his_accent,_he is from Canada.
从他的口音上判断，他是加拿大人。

(2)________ from ________ he said，he must be an honest man.
A．Judged；that B．Judging；what
C．Judged；what D．Judging；that
答案 B
归纳拓展
judge sb./sth.to be＋n./adj.判断，认为……是……
judge that-clause判断；认为……
judge...by/from...根据……判断……
judging by/from...从……来判断
易错提示
judging from/by表示“从……来看，根据……来判断”，用在句首时，为一个独立成分，不受句子主语和时态影响，用现在分词作状语而不采用过去分词的形式。

2ruin v．毁坏；破坏；使破产；毁灭；n.毁坏；破产；废墟
学情诊断
(1)完成句子
①Years of fighting has left the area in_ruins.
经年的战事已经使得这个地区满目疮痍。

②Heavy smoking ruined_his_health.
过度吸烟损害了他的健康。

(2)His broken leg means the________of all his hopes of becoming a famous athlete.
A．miss B．ruin
C．loss D．death
答案 B
解析句意为：他的腿断了意味着他想成为一名著名的运动员的所有希望破灭了。

ruin破灭，毁灭，符合题意。

归纳拓展
in ruins毁坏了的；成为废墟的
fall/come into ruin逐渐破碎
bring...to ruin使……失败；使……毁坏
ruin oneself自取灭亡
易混辨析destroy，damage，ruin
destroy指彻底毁坏以致于不能或很难修复，也可指希望的破灭，计划被打乱等。

damage指价值、用途的降低或外表的损坏等，不一定完全破坏，损坏了还可以修复。

作名词时，多用于自然灾害中的损害。

ruin强调毁灭的彻底性，即人、物损坏到不复存在或面目全非的地步。

作名词时，可用来表示抽象概念“毁灭；瓦解”。

ruins意为“废墟”，可用于借喻中，泛指一般的“弄坏了”。

活学活用
用destroy，damage，ruin的适当形式填空
(1)He knocked over a bottle of ink and ruined my painting.
(2)A torrent of rain came down and damaged the crops.
(3)His house was completely destroyed，so the farmer decided to build a new one.
(4)The house has fallen into ruins.
3
双语释义v．(尤指在事故中)伤害，使受伤(harm in an accident)；损害(damage)
学情诊断
(1)用injure的适当形式填空
①There were two people injured in the car accident.
②The injured were taken to the hospital.
③He was taken to the hospital with head injuries.
④The boy fell down from the bike and injured his knee.
(2)In that big earthquake all their houses were________，so they had to build new ones.
A．hurt B．harmed
C．injured D．destroyed
答案 D
解析hurt是一般的用语，可指对生物(living things)肉体伤害，指非故意的伤害；injure与hurt 同义，但较正式；harm指身体或精神上的损害均可，意为“伤害，损害，有害于”，harm指仅引起不便或不适的伤害；destroy所表示的破坏，是指对房屋或车辆等的损坏。

根据句意，D 项为正确答案。

归纳拓展
injure one’s health/pride/feelings损害健康/伤害自尊/伤害感情
injured adj.受伤的,the injured受伤者
injury n.伤口；伤害
do sb.an injury＝do an injury to sb.伤害某人
易混辨析injure，hurt，harm，wound
injure意为“伤害，损害”，一般指由于意外或事故而造成伤害，也表示损害名誉、伤害感情等。

hurt意为“疼痛，受伤”，既可以指肉体上的伤害，也可以指精神上的伤害，常有强烈的疼痛感。

harm意为“伤害”，用于肉体或精神上的伤害，有时也指引起不安或不便。

wound意为“受伤，伤口”，通常指武器的伤害，如刀、枪等的伤害，尤其是指战场上的伤害。

活学活用
用injure，hurt，harm，wound的适当形式填空
(1)It hurt me to think that he would lie to me.
(2)Two women have been badly injured in the accident.
(3)Luckily no one got wounded in the battle.
(4)He hurt his back playing squash.
(5)Don’t harm your eyes by reading in poor light.
4
双语释义n．(捕捉动物的)陷阱，罗网，夹，捕捉器；圈套；诡计(a designed trick)；(难以逃脱的)困境，牢笼；v.使落入险境；使陷入困境(keep...in a dangerous place)；卡住；夹住；收集；吸收；把……逼进；迫使进入(force sb. into)
学情诊断
(1)写出划线部分的汉语意思
①The hunter set_traps_to catch foxes.设陷阱
②I knew perfectly well it was a_trap.一个陷阱
③The police trapped_him_into_telling_the_truth.设圈套使他讲出实情
④Many women are_trapped_in loveless marriages.陷入
(2)Everyone could find it was only a ________ set by the enemy，but the official insisted on
advancing to the front.
A．deed B．trap
C．way D．plan
答案 B
归纳拓展
set traps设陷阱,be trapped被夹住；陷入
trap sb. into doing sth.设计圈套让某人做某事
fall into/avoid the trap of doing sth.掉进/避免掉进陷阱
5
双语释义v．爆裂(to break apart)；胀开(to break open)；冲；突然出现(appear suddenly)；n.突发；爆破
学情诊断
(1)用适当的介、副词填空
①He felt he would burst with anger and shame.
②He burst into the room without knocking.
③The roads were bursting with cars.
④Everyone burst into song as we got closer home.
⑤I burst in on the meeting thinking that the room was empty.
⑥He is always bursting with energy.
(2)一句多译
看到儿子在车祸中死了，她放声大哭起来。

①Seeing_her_son_killed_in_the_car_crash，she_burst_out_crying.
②Seeing_her_son_killed_in_the_car_crash，she_burst_into_tears.
③Seeing_her_son_killed_in_the_car_crash，she_suddenly_started_to_cry.
归纳拓展
burst out crying laughing，singing/burst into tears laughter，song突然哭笑、唱起来
burst in/into闯入；突然破门而入
be bursting with充满；爆满
burst in on突然闯进而打断，扰乱
6
双语释义v．埋葬，埋藏；覆盖(cover)；掩藏(hide)
学情诊断
(1)句型转换
①After the divorce，she buried herself in her work.
→After the divorce，she was buried in her work.
②Since she left，he has given all his attention to his work.
→Since she left，he has buried himself in his work.
(2)________in the newspaper，I didn’t notice what was happening.
A．Having buried B．Burying
C．Buried D．To be buried
答案 C
解析句意为：专心看报，我没注意到发生了什么。

buried in the newspaper为过去分词短语作状语。

归纳拓展
bury...in...把……埋到……里,be buried alive被活埋
bury one’s face in one’s hands双手掩面
bury oneself in.../be buried in...埋头于，专心于
be buried in thought在沉思中
思考你知道表示“专心于，致力于”的短语还有哪些？
be_devoted_to，be_addicted_to，be_absorbed_in，be_lost_in等。

7
学情诊断
(1)用be的适当形式填空
①The number of homeless people is increasing recently.
②There are a number of plants in the garden.
③Quantities of money are needed to equip the school.
(2)________ number of visitors were shocked by ________ number of the butterflies around the huge trees.
A．A；a B．A；the
C．The；a D．The；the
答案 B
解析第一个空应为“许多游客”，所以为A number of；第二个空应为“蝴蝶的数量”，所以为the number of。

因此选B项。

归纳拓展
表示“许多，大量”的其他表达方式：
＋复数名词＋复数谓语
a great/good many of＋(the，my等)修饰语＋
复数名词＋复数谓语
＋
＋可数或不可数名词＋复数谓语
1
学情诊断
(1)句型转换
①Every student doesn’t like the movie.
→Not every student likes the movie.
②Not both of my parents agree with my idea.
→Both of my parents don’t agree with my idea.
(2)I understand most of what they said but not________word.
A．any B．each
C．every D．one
答案 C
解析考查every和not 连用的部分否定的用法。

归纳拓展
(1)all/every＋名词/both (of)＋名词/every打头的复合不定代词，如：everyone, everything等，
和not 连用时表示部分否定。

(2)如果表示全部否定用：none＋名词/none of the＋名词/no＋名词/neither＋名词/neither of＋the名词。

2
学情诊断
(1)Hearing the news, the girl was too_excited_to_say_a_word.
听到这个消息后，这个女孩太兴奋了以致于说不出话来。

(2)He is too willing to help others.(翻译句子)
他非常乐于助人。

(3)Allen had to call a taxi because the box was________to carry all the way home.
A．too heavy
B．much heavy
C．very heavy
D．so heavy
答案 A
解析考查too...to...结构，表示“太……而以致于不能……”。

归纳拓展
1too...to...太……以致于不能……
2这一结构中如果跟在too之后的是下列形容词：pleased，ready，willing，eager，anxious...，那么too翻译为“非常”。

写作句组满分作文之佳句背诵
a．Never too late to learn.
b．I’m too glad to help you.
c．It’s never too careful for you to cross the road.
3
学情诊断
用定语从句的引导词完成句子
(1)A plane is a machine that/which can fly.
(2)The noodles that/which I had were delicious.
(3)Mr.Read is the professor to_whom you should write.
(4)This is the boy whose composition the teacher talked of.
(5)The boss in_whose company my father worked is a very kind person.
Ⅰ.根据英文释义写出下列单词
1．injure：to harm yourself or sb. else physically，especially in an accident
2．shock：to make someone feel very surprised
3．trap：to keep sb. in a dangerous place or bad situation that they want to get out of but cannot 4．shelter：a structure built to give protection，especially from the weather or from attack 5．extreme：very great in degree
Ⅱ.语境填词
1．Karen burst out laughing.
2．The earthquake destroyed the school.
3．She was sitting with her head buried in a newspaper.
4．My new shoes got ruined in the mud.
5．They were trapped in the burning building.
Ⅲ.词义猜测或句意理解题——用本单元词汇或句式替换划线部分
1．People paid_no_attention_to the strange things that happened.thought_little_of
2．In 15 seconds, a large city was_completely_y_in_ruins
3．Workers built shelters for survivors because_their_homes had been destroyed.whose_homes 4．Your speech was heard by 5 judges，and_all_of_them thought it very good.all_of_whom 5．We have built a museum to memorize those who died for our country.honor
Ⅳ.微写作(4)
写作素材
1．突然，地球好像到了末日。

2．几秒钟之内城市被毁。

3．管道裂开了，大量建筑物变为废墟。

4．人们有的受伤，有的被埋。

5．电也停了。

提示：黑体部分用本单元词汇表达。

连句成篇(将以上句子连成一篇50词左右的英语短文)
Suddenly, it seemed as if the earth was at an end.The city was destroyed in seconds.Pipes burst, a great number of buildings lay in ruins, people were injured or buried and electricity went out.
Ⅴ.微语法(4)——物主代词、反身代词和人称代词
(课外拓展——一个单元突破一个语法点)
1．Surprisingly，Susan’s beautiful hair reached below her knees and made________almost an overcoat for her. (2011·安徽，22) A．them B．her
C．itself D．herself
答案 C
解析句意为：令人惊讶的是，苏珊美丽的长发一直垂到她的膝盖之下，使它看起来像是她的一件大衣。

them他/她/它们；her她；itself它自己；herself她自己。

因为主语是Susan’s beautiful hair，所以made后的反身代词是指“头发本身”，故选itself。

2．If our parents do everything for us children，we won’t learn to depend on ________. (2010·上海，27)
A．themselves B．them
C．us D．ourselves
答案 D
解析本题考查反身代词。

主语为we，因此应为ourselves。

depend on oneself自力更生。

根据句意，选D。

3．I’m afraid I have to go out now.If ________ phones，tell________ I’ll be back later. A．anyone；them B．someone；it
C．everyone；them D．anyone；it
答案 A
解析句意为：我现在得出去一会。

如果有人打电话来，就说我要过一会儿才回来。

“有人”为泛指，可用anyone或someone表示；不定代词someone，anyone，no one，everyone等在后文用they或them指代。

4．Being parents is not always easy，and being the parent of a child with special needs often carries with ________ extra stress.
A．it B．them
C．one D．him
答案 A
解析考查代词的用法。

此处it指代being the parent。

5．It is not rare in ________ that people in ________ fifties are going to university for further education.
A．90s；the B．the 90s；/
C．90s；their D．the 90s；their
答案 D
解析“in the ＋年代”意为“在……年代”；“in one’s＋数词的复数”意为“在某人多少岁的时候”，用排除法知选D项。