高三英语学法指导与语法难点五(学习注意事项与非谓语动词易错点)

高三英语学法指导与语法难点(五)

一、英语词汇学习中的几个注意事项

语言最小最基础的单位是词汇。词汇掌握得扎实准确，又会灵活运用，使用语言的能力就强。高考要考察的词汇与课本所学的词汇并非完全一致。高考词汇表共约2000个单词和500个左右词组。备战高考应把主要精力放在高考词汇表上，记一些课外单词对高考意义不大。以下是学习单词的一些建议：

1.学习单词，不但要记住拼写，还要注意基本用法。比如说hope一词，就要知道常见用法是hope to do，hope + that clause，lose hope，I hope so等等，还要知道不能用于hope sb to do sth这一结构，以及不说

I don't hope so，但常说I hope not。

2.词不离句，句不离文。不要孤立地学习单词，要结合句子和文章理解，记忆，复习单词。所以，不断地听说读写英语其实是学习单词的最好的办法。

3.按单词用法分类记忆。如其后只跟doing 的动词：enjoy, mind, practice, finish, consider, give up 等。又如不及物动词：lie, die, fall, talk, arrive, stand, sleep, look, cheer, hurry, sit.

4.把名词分成若干类记忆。如：

动物：ant, bird, cat, donkey ,frog, panda.

职业：teacher, worker, student, ballplayer, athlete。

食品：burger, rice, chicken, fish, soup, potato.

交通工具：car, bus, taxi, plane, ship, bicycle。

建筑物：building, statue, hotel, stadium, hall。

地名：Australia, Britain, China, Denmark, Egypt, France。

5.按词类记忆如，介词：in, on, above, under, after, at, upon, through, by, across.

连词：since, when, while, before, though, if, as, where, because, even if.

6.按拼写记忆

如以o结尾的词：potato, tomato, piano, zoo, hero, zero, kilo, volcano, bamboo.

又如含ght的词：thought, taught, light, bright, tight, right, caught, sought, night, fight.

7.按前后缀记忆

如以ion结尾的词：examination, imagination, conclusion, passion, discussion,

如以th为开头的词：thank, thin, think, threat, the, then, than, throat, thought,

又如以less结尾的词：wordless, nevertheless, hopeless, voiceless, harmless, needless, powerless, careless

8. 以动词为核心记词组。如take out, take in, take on, take part in 等。

9．以副词为核心记忆词组。如break out, come out , find out , look out等。

二、语法知识易错点

1. 情态动词表推测反意疑问句。

还原成原来的时态，再反问。如：

It must have rained last night, didn't it?

He must have waited for you for a long time, hasn't he?

He must be waiting for you outside, isn't he?

2. 反意疑问句。

1) Let us…, will you?

2) Let's…, shall we?

3) 祈使句的反意疑问句用will you。

1) 宾语从句反意疑问句原则上反主句，但是如果主语是I，则反从句。如：

He said you were a good student, didn't he?

I think you are right, aren't you?

2) 带有否定前后缀的句子还是肯定句；带有否定副词的句子在句中是否定句。如：He dislikes you, doesn't he?

He never likes you, does he?

误：You feed the bird, don't you?

正：You feed the bird, will you?

3. 现在分词。

1) doing表主动，表进行；

The boiling water hurts me badly.

2) being done表被动，表进行；

The question being discussed now was raised by me.

3) having done表主动，表完成；

Having washed his feet, he went to bed.

4) having been done表被动，表完成。

Having been washed, his feet are clean now.

误：The building built will be our library. It's very noisy now.

正：The building being built will be our library. It's very noisy now.

4. 动词不定式。

1) to do 表目的，表将来；

He seems to know this.

2) to be doing表进行

He pretended to be listening attentively.

3) to be done表目的，表被动；

The room is to be cleaned tomorrow.

4) to have done 表过去，表完成；

I'm sorry to have given you so much trouble.

5) to have been done表完成，表被动；

The boy is said to have been sent to the hospital.

6) to have been doing 表示某一动作从过去延续到现在还要延续到将来

She is said to have been working on this problem for many hours.

误：The question discussed tomorrow is raised by me.

正：The question to be discussed tomorrow is raised by me.

5. 动词不定式几点注意。

1) teach, know, learn后接how + to do

I don't know how to do it.

2) 有do无to

I can do nothing but sleep.

There is nothing I can do but sleep.

3) why not do