言语行为
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(3)Definition:Felicity conditions are appropriate conditions for a speech act to be recognized as intended.
Development of Felicity Conditions
Austin:言语行为
Felicity 3. Propositional content conditions（命题内容条件）
conditions 4. Sincerity conditions（真诚条件）
5. Essential conditions（基本条件）
1.General conditions(前提条件):preconditions on performing a speech act.
* Sam(指称)，smoke（陈述）
*相同的命题，不同的语力（illocuationary force），语力分别是陈述、提问和祝愿。
Shortcomings of Austin's Classificition ofSpeech Act
1)混淆了施为动词和施事行为；
(2)三部分划分法存在重叠；
(3)划分缺乏统一的标准;
e.g.a promise:1.the event will not happen by itself.
2.a beneficial effect.
a warning:1. the event will occur.
2.not a beneficial effect.
预备条件：言词与世界间的适切方向
基本条件:说话人保证命题真实性
真诚条件:说话者相信所陈述命题为真
预备条件:说话者尽量使言语与世界一致
命题条源自文库:无
承诺行为
（promise）
说话者对将来某行动做出承诺
说话者打算采取行动
说话者尽量使世界与言词一致在将来采取行动
发声行为（发出声音）
说话行为发音行为（声音必须是某语音的音）
表意行为（音必须有义）
施事行为
取效行为
Searle：发音行为
发话行为
说话行为发声行为
指称
命题行为
施事行为陈述
取效行为
e.g.1.Sam smokes habitually.
2.Does Sam smoke habitually?
3.Would that Sam smoke habitually.
（1）背景：
奥斯汀和塞尔：
言语行为没有真假值，只有适切或不适切的问题。言语行为必须要满足一定的约定性条件和规则。
（2）In order to fulfill a performative act, four (or three) conditions must be satisfied, Austin calls these conditions as felicity conditions.
a warning:the speaker genuinely thinks it has bad effects.
真诚条件：表达说话者的心理状态
5.Essential conditions(基本条件)：in performing a speech act,a requirement that the utterance commits the speaker to the act performed.
e.g.shared language,no nonsense,no play-acting...
前提条件：背景、语言知识。。。
2.Propositional content conditions(命题内容条件)：
in order to count as a particular type of speech act,an utterance must contain certain features.
e.g.a promise: change one's state from non-obligation into obligation.
a warning:change one's state from non-informing into informing.
基本条件：话语的目的
断言行为
（state）
e.g. a promise must be about a future event.
an apologize is a past event.
命题内容条件:命题内容
3.Preparatory conditions(预备条件)：a set of presumptions which are necessary for a successful and non-defective performance of an utterance.
4.Sincerity conditions(真诚条件)：requirements on the genuine intentions of a speaker in order for an utterence to count as a particular speech act.
e.g.a promise:the speaker genuinely wants to carry it out in the future.
(4)许多动词都不满足归类的定义。
Searle's Classificition ofIllocutionary Act
Criteria( or fecility conditions) for classicifiction:
1. General conditions（前提条件）
2. Preparatory conditions（预备条件）
Development of Felicity Conditions
Austin:言语行为
Felicity 3. Propositional content conditions（命题内容条件）
conditions 4. Sincerity conditions（真诚条件）
5. Essential conditions（基本条件）
1.General conditions(前提条件):preconditions on performing a speech act.
* Sam(指称)，smoke（陈述）
*相同的命题，不同的语力（illocuationary force），语力分别是陈述、提问和祝愿。
Shortcomings of Austin's Classificition ofSpeech Act
1)混淆了施为动词和施事行为；
(2)三部分划分法存在重叠；
(3)划分缺乏统一的标准;
e.g.a promise:1.the event will not happen by itself.
2.a beneficial effect.
a warning:1. the event will occur.
2.not a beneficial effect.
预备条件：言词与世界间的适切方向
基本条件:说话人保证命题真实性
真诚条件:说话者相信所陈述命题为真
预备条件:说话者尽量使言语与世界一致
命题条源自文库:无
承诺行为
（promise）
说话者对将来某行动做出承诺
说话者打算采取行动
说话者尽量使世界与言词一致在将来采取行动
发声行为（发出声音）
说话行为发音行为（声音必须是某语音的音）
表意行为（音必须有义）
施事行为
取效行为
Searle：发音行为
发话行为
说话行为发声行为
指称
命题行为
施事行为陈述
取效行为
e.g.1.Sam smokes habitually.
2.Does Sam smoke habitually?
3.Would that Sam smoke habitually.
（1）背景：
奥斯汀和塞尔：
言语行为没有真假值，只有适切或不适切的问题。言语行为必须要满足一定的约定性条件和规则。
（2）In order to fulfill a performative act, four (or three) conditions must be satisfied, Austin calls these conditions as felicity conditions.
a warning:the speaker genuinely thinks it has bad effects.
真诚条件：表达说话者的心理状态
5.Essential conditions(基本条件)：in performing a speech act,a requirement that the utterance commits the speaker to the act performed.
e.g.shared language,no nonsense,no play-acting...
前提条件：背景、语言知识。。。
2.Propositional content conditions(命题内容条件)：
in order to count as a particular type of speech act,an utterance must contain certain features.
e.g.a promise: change one's state from non-obligation into obligation.
a warning:change one's state from non-informing into informing.
基本条件：话语的目的
断言行为
（state）
e.g. a promise must be about a future event.
an apologize is a past event.
命题内容条件:命题内容
3.Preparatory conditions(预备条件)：a set of presumptions which are necessary for a successful and non-defective performance of an utterance.
4.Sincerity conditions(真诚条件)：requirements on the genuine intentions of a speaker in order for an utterence to count as a particular speech act.
e.g.a promise:the speaker genuinely wants to carry it out in the future.
(4)许多动词都不满足归类的定义。
Searle's Classificition ofIllocutionary Act
Criteria( or fecility conditions) for classicifiction:
1. General conditions（前提条件）
2. Preparatory conditions（预备条件）