概念合成理论
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The principle of unpacking ensures that the blend can still prompt the reconstruction of the entire network (Fauconnier and Turner 2002: 332 )
例: Murdoch knocks out Iacocca. ( Fauconnier and Turner 2002: 126-7 ) Knocks out: 在拳击中，表示把对方击倒，在规定时间内不能起来） Unpack to two different spaces
1
The blending process is constrained and optimized by a set of governing principles, among them the topology, the interaction and the unpacking principles, etc. ( F. Ungerer & H. J. Schmid, 2008: 267)
Fauconnier and Turner (2002: 325-34) have proposed nine governing or optimality principles, which determine the degree of compression and unification achieved by a given blend. They have been condensed here into a set of five for the purpose of simplification.
1. Topology（拓扑结构原则） 2. Integration（整合原则） Governing principles
3. Unpacking （解包原则） 4. Relevance （关联原则）
5. Web (网络原则）
(1). Topology principle
例：我在5岁的时候，去过北京。 （王勤玲.《概念隐喻理论与概念整合 理论的对比研究》.2005 )
This condensation of a speculative rumour into the single word Ballacktisch (Ballacktic) is exactly what the headlines of popular news-paper are aiming at.
Input space one: daughter(抽象框架） 例： Amy is the daughter of Simon. (《概念整合理论的认 知力》苏晓军，2001）
Input space two: Amy and Simon are included
(3). Unpacking principle
(2) ad-hoc blends
They are for instance used in the headlines of popular newspapers to attract attention and entertain the readership. ( F. Ungerer & H. J. Schmid, 2008: 269)
Input space 1: boxing
Input space 2: business
(4). Relevance principle
The principle of relevance ：an element in the blend should have relevance, including relevance for establishing links to other spaces and for running the blend. Conversely, an other-space relation between the inputs that is important for the purpose of the network should have a corresponding compression. (Fauconnier and Turner 2002: 333) The example: a shot-in-the-arm blend, this means that relevance is responsible for projecting the new director into the role of doctor.
2. Input space two: the Real Marid , another famous soccer team, it had acquired the nickname galacticos ( the galactic ones )
Ballacktisch ( Ballacktic )
2
Ideally, the governing principles are the powerful mechanism in the process of establishing conceptions in natural language, they ensures the open-endedness and the human scale of the emergent structure in cross-space mapping. ( F. Ungerer & H. J. Schmid, 2008: 267)
Relevance is the major motivating force behind blends in their actual contexts. ( F. Ungerer & H. J. Schmid, 2008 )
(5). Web principle
The principle of web: manipulating the blend as a unit must ຫໍສະໝຸດ Baiduaintain the web of appropriate connections to the input space easily and without additional surveillance of composition. (Fauconnier and Turner 2002: 331)
These blends are the result of telescoping two words into a new one suggests that they have all undergone a process of conceptual projection and composition of material from input spaces into a blended space. ( F. Ungerer & H. J. Schmid, 2008: 268)
例：Digging your own grave. （Gilles Fauconnier & Mark Turner, 1998: 51)
1. 死亡---失败 2. 墓穴---不明智的行为
Input space: grave--disaster or failure( blended space )
It requires the blend to take over and preserve important aspects of the conceptual structure of the input spaces. ( Fauconnier & Turner,1998)
“我”
“我”说话的 言语空间 5岁时的事件 空间
(1) Topology (2) Integration
1. Governing principles
(3) Unpacking (4) Relevance
outline
2. Conceptual blending and morphological blends
(5) Web (1) conventional: word-formation (2) ad-hoc blends
例：in the case of Ballacktisch ( Ballacktic ), a front headline of the German popular paper Bildzeitung ( 6 June 2005 ). ---( Markus Riedel, Rostock, 2008 ) 1. Input space one: Ballack was a well-known German soccer player of the Bayern Munich team
2. Conceptual blending and morphological blends
(1). Conventional word-formation
① brunch: the input spaces “breakfast” and “lunch”
Lehrer 1996: 379
② motel: the input space “motorist” and “hotel” ③ sportianity: with regard to “ sports” and “ christianity”
(2). Integration principle
Integration principle: the establishment of an emergent structure that has as far as possible the qualities of a conceptual gestalt or holistic conceptualization and easy handling as a unit, qualities that facilitate entrenchment and memorability. ( F. Ungerer & H. J. Schmid, 2008)
Ballack + galacticos
( F. Ungerer & H. J. Schmid, 2008: 270), this message is supported by the spatial compression which results in the unification of Ballack’s and Real’s location. The effect is an emergent structure that Ballack is going to Madrid to join the Real team.
例: Murdoch knocks out Iacocca. ( Fauconnier and Turner 2002: 126-7 ) Knocks out: 在拳击中，表示把对方击倒，在规定时间内不能起来） Unpack to two different spaces
1
The blending process is constrained and optimized by a set of governing principles, among them the topology, the interaction and the unpacking principles, etc. ( F. Ungerer & H. J. Schmid, 2008: 267)
Fauconnier and Turner (2002: 325-34) have proposed nine governing or optimality principles, which determine the degree of compression and unification achieved by a given blend. They have been condensed here into a set of five for the purpose of simplification.
1. Topology（拓扑结构原则） 2. Integration（整合原则） Governing principles
3. Unpacking （解包原则） 4. Relevance （关联原则）
5. Web (网络原则）
(1). Topology principle
例：我在5岁的时候，去过北京。 （王勤玲.《概念隐喻理论与概念整合 理论的对比研究》.2005 )
This condensation of a speculative rumour into the single word Ballacktisch (Ballacktic) is exactly what the headlines of popular news-paper are aiming at.
Input space one: daughter(抽象框架） 例： Amy is the daughter of Simon. (《概念整合理论的认 知力》苏晓军，2001）
Input space two: Amy and Simon are included
(3). Unpacking principle
(2) ad-hoc blends
They are for instance used in the headlines of popular newspapers to attract attention and entertain the readership. ( F. Ungerer & H. J. Schmid, 2008: 269)
Input space 1: boxing
Input space 2: business
(4). Relevance principle
The principle of relevance ：an element in the blend should have relevance, including relevance for establishing links to other spaces and for running the blend. Conversely, an other-space relation between the inputs that is important for the purpose of the network should have a corresponding compression. (Fauconnier and Turner 2002: 333) The example: a shot-in-the-arm blend, this means that relevance is responsible for projecting the new director into the role of doctor.
2. Input space two: the Real Marid , another famous soccer team, it had acquired the nickname galacticos ( the galactic ones )
Ballacktisch ( Ballacktic )
2
Ideally, the governing principles are the powerful mechanism in the process of establishing conceptions in natural language, they ensures the open-endedness and the human scale of the emergent structure in cross-space mapping. ( F. Ungerer & H. J. Schmid, 2008: 267)
Relevance is the major motivating force behind blends in their actual contexts. ( F. Ungerer & H. J. Schmid, 2008 )
(5). Web principle
The principle of web: manipulating the blend as a unit must ຫໍສະໝຸດ Baiduaintain the web of appropriate connections to the input space easily and without additional surveillance of composition. (Fauconnier and Turner 2002: 331)
These blends are the result of telescoping two words into a new one suggests that they have all undergone a process of conceptual projection and composition of material from input spaces into a blended space. ( F. Ungerer & H. J. Schmid, 2008: 268)
例：Digging your own grave. （Gilles Fauconnier & Mark Turner, 1998: 51)
1. 死亡---失败 2. 墓穴---不明智的行为
Input space: grave--disaster or failure( blended space )
It requires the blend to take over and preserve important aspects of the conceptual structure of the input spaces. ( Fauconnier & Turner,1998)
“我”
“我”说话的 言语空间 5岁时的事件 空间
(1) Topology (2) Integration
1. Governing principles
(3) Unpacking (4) Relevance
outline
2. Conceptual blending and morphological blends
(5) Web (1) conventional: word-formation (2) ad-hoc blends
例：in the case of Ballacktisch ( Ballacktic ), a front headline of the German popular paper Bildzeitung ( 6 June 2005 ). ---( Markus Riedel, Rostock, 2008 ) 1. Input space one: Ballack was a well-known German soccer player of the Bayern Munich team
2. Conceptual blending and morphological blends
(1). Conventional word-formation
① brunch: the input spaces “breakfast” and “lunch”
Lehrer 1996: 379
② motel: the input space “motorist” and “hotel” ③ sportianity: with regard to “ sports” and “ christianity”
(2). Integration principle
Integration principle: the establishment of an emergent structure that has as far as possible the qualities of a conceptual gestalt or holistic conceptualization and easy handling as a unit, qualities that facilitate entrenchment and memorability. ( F. Ungerer & H. J. Schmid, 2008)
Ballack + galacticos
( F. Ungerer & H. J. Schmid, 2008: 270), this message is supported by the spatial compression which results in the unification of Ballack’s and Real’s location. The effect is an emergent structure that Ballack is going to Madrid to join the Real team.