英国文学之诗歌
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(or the alternation of stressed and unstressed syllables in the line).
1.The polysyllabic words: judge the accented syllable and unaccented syllables. e.g. photograph / photographer / photographic 2.The monosyllabic words: depend on the part of speech of the word and the context. e.g. As we walked down the street, we met two of our friends
1. Rhyme
2. Versification 3. Major Types of Poetry
Rhyme 押韵
What Is Rhyme?
The Functions of Rhyme
Rhyme Patterns
What Is Rhyme
Rhyme:
lines of verse are said to have rhyme when the ends of their final words have identical sounds, i.e., the vowel of the last accented syllable and any sound that may follow it. e.g. quivers / rivers light / might fleet / sheet
The Functions of Rhyme
For
the aesthetic principle of the symmetry and unity of
emphasis
“returning”
For
structure
For
Rhyme Patterns (Part I)
Feminine
& masculine:
LanguagLeabharlann Baidu of Poetry
1. Diction
2. Imagery
3. Figurative Language and Rhetorical Devices
Diction: Denotation & Connotation
Denotation:
refers to the dictionary it is the emotional
• Trochaic foot: one stressed syllable followed by a unstressed syllable. e.g. There they | are, my |fifty| men and| women Naming | me the| fifty| poems| finished!
sensory organs, the mental pictures and the language that presents them.
Major
types of images:
2. Auditory image
1. Visual image
3. Tactile image 4. Taste and smell image
Absolute
poetry is the concrete and artistic expression of the human mind in emotional and rhythmical language. By poetry we mean the art of employing words in such a manner as to produce an illusion of the imagination, the art of doing by means of words what the painter does by means of colors. Poetry is language that tells us, through a more or less emotional reaction, something that cannot be said.
meaning/definition of a word.
Connotation:
associations a word gathered through its
history or in a given setting.
Imagery
It
is the effect created by stimulation of the
1.couplets 5.Ottava rima
2.triplets
3.quatrains
6.Spenserian stanza
7. sonnet
4.Chaucerian stanza 8. Free verse 9. Blank verse
Sonnet
Italian sonnet: abba, abba, cde, cde The first eight lines is called “octave”, which usually poses a problem / depicts a situation/ offers an observation. The last six lines is called “sestet”, which provides a solution and brings the matter to a conclusion.
Anapest & Dactyl
Anapestic foot: two unstressed syllables followed by one stressed syllable. e.g. As the veil of the shrine Of the temple of old Dactylic foot: one stressed syllable followed by two unstressed syllables.
e.g. The fair breeze blew, the white foam flew, The furrow followed free;
Assonance: when the writer varies the surrounding consonant sounds, but repeats vowel sounds, the device is known as assonance.
Meters
The Frost| performs| its se|cret mi|nistry,
Unhelped| by a|ny wind.| The ow|let’s cry Came loud|--and hark,| again!| Loud as| before.
Feet
• Foot: each usually contains one stressed syllable and its associated unstressed syllables. • Major types of feet: 1.iambic foot 3.anapestic
e.g. Touch her not scornfully;
Think of her mournfully.
Scansion
Scansion:
to mark stressed and unstressed syllables and then divide the line into feet. The number of feet will normally coincide with the number of stresses terms used for line lengths: 4. tetrameter 5.pentameter 6. hexameter 1.monometer 2.dimeter 3.trimeter
When the accented vowel is in the final syllable of the line, the rhymes are said to be masculine.
e.g. wed / bred / head When one or two unaccented syllables follow the accented syllable in the rhyming words, the rhyme is feminine.
Meter:
the ideal pattern of the alternation of stressed and unstressed syllables. e.g. Coleridge “Frost at Midnight”
_ _ \ \ \ \ _ _ \ _ \ _ \ _ \ \ _ _ _ \ \ \ \ _ _ _ \ \ _ \
2.trochaic
4.dactylic
Iambi & Trochee
Iambic foot: one unstressed syllable followed by a stressed syllable. e.g. My heart | is like | a sing|ing bird
Whose nest | is in| a wa|tered shoot.
e.g. education / conversation/ station
Alliteration & Assonance
Alliteration: the repetition of a sound in the initial position of various words, or of a consonant sound within the words.
What Is Poetry?
Poetry has been produced by every civilization in history. It is an expression of the unchanging and universal essence of human experience. We may define it as “the interpretive dramatization of experience in metrical language”. Poetry is the imaginative expression of strong feeling, usually rhythmical. The spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings recollected in tranquility.
Figurative Language & Rhetorical Device
Metaphor
Metonymy Repetition Irony Paradox
Simile
Personification Hyperbole Pun
(oxymoron)
The Forms of Poetry
e.g. Cold eyelids that hide like a jewel Hard eyes that grow soft for an hour;
Rhythm
Meter
Stanza
form
Rhythm 韵律，节奏 Rhythm: the regular recurrence of accent or stress
The
Stanza Forms
Stanza: groups of a definite number of lines, bound
together by a rhyme scheme that reappears in each
successive group.
Major kinds of stanza forms:
1.The polysyllabic words: judge the accented syllable and unaccented syllables. e.g. photograph / photographer / photographic 2.The monosyllabic words: depend on the part of speech of the word and the context. e.g. As we walked down the street, we met two of our friends
1. Rhyme
2. Versification 3. Major Types of Poetry
Rhyme 押韵
What Is Rhyme?
The Functions of Rhyme
Rhyme Patterns
What Is Rhyme
Rhyme:
lines of verse are said to have rhyme when the ends of their final words have identical sounds, i.e., the vowel of the last accented syllable and any sound that may follow it. e.g. quivers / rivers light / might fleet / sheet
The Functions of Rhyme
For
the aesthetic principle of the symmetry and unity of
emphasis
“returning”
For
structure
For
Rhyme Patterns (Part I)
Feminine
& masculine:
LanguagLeabharlann Baidu of Poetry
1. Diction
2. Imagery
3. Figurative Language and Rhetorical Devices
Diction: Denotation & Connotation
Denotation:
refers to the dictionary it is the emotional
• Trochaic foot: one stressed syllable followed by a unstressed syllable. e.g. There they | are, my |fifty| men and| women Naming | me the| fifty| poems| finished!
sensory organs, the mental pictures and the language that presents them.
Major
types of images:
2. Auditory image
1. Visual image
3. Tactile image 4. Taste and smell image
Absolute
poetry is the concrete and artistic expression of the human mind in emotional and rhythmical language. By poetry we mean the art of employing words in such a manner as to produce an illusion of the imagination, the art of doing by means of words what the painter does by means of colors. Poetry is language that tells us, through a more or less emotional reaction, something that cannot be said.
meaning/definition of a word.
Connotation:
associations a word gathered through its
history or in a given setting.
Imagery
It
is the effect created by stimulation of the
1.couplets 5.Ottava rima
2.triplets
3.quatrains
6.Spenserian stanza
7. sonnet
4.Chaucerian stanza 8. Free verse 9. Blank verse
Sonnet
Italian sonnet: abba, abba, cde, cde The first eight lines is called “octave”, which usually poses a problem / depicts a situation/ offers an observation. The last six lines is called “sestet”, which provides a solution and brings the matter to a conclusion.
Anapest & Dactyl
Anapestic foot: two unstressed syllables followed by one stressed syllable. e.g. As the veil of the shrine Of the temple of old Dactylic foot: one stressed syllable followed by two unstressed syllables.
e.g. The fair breeze blew, the white foam flew, The furrow followed free;
Assonance: when the writer varies the surrounding consonant sounds, but repeats vowel sounds, the device is known as assonance.
Meters
The Frost| performs| its se|cret mi|nistry,
Unhelped| by a|ny wind.| The ow|let’s cry Came loud|--and hark,| again!| Loud as| before.
Feet
• Foot: each usually contains one stressed syllable and its associated unstressed syllables. • Major types of feet: 1.iambic foot 3.anapestic
e.g. Touch her not scornfully;
Think of her mournfully.
Scansion
Scansion:
to mark stressed and unstressed syllables and then divide the line into feet. The number of feet will normally coincide with the number of stresses terms used for line lengths: 4. tetrameter 5.pentameter 6. hexameter 1.monometer 2.dimeter 3.trimeter
When the accented vowel is in the final syllable of the line, the rhymes are said to be masculine.
e.g. wed / bred / head When one or two unaccented syllables follow the accented syllable in the rhyming words, the rhyme is feminine.
Meter:
the ideal pattern of the alternation of stressed and unstressed syllables. e.g. Coleridge “Frost at Midnight”
_ _ \ \ \ \ _ _ \ _ \ _ \ _ \ \ _ _ _ \ \ \ \ _ _ _ \ \ _ \
2.trochaic
4.dactylic
Iambi & Trochee
Iambic foot: one unstressed syllable followed by a stressed syllable. e.g. My heart | is like | a sing|ing bird
Whose nest | is in| a wa|tered shoot.
e.g. education / conversation/ station
Alliteration & Assonance
Alliteration: the repetition of a sound in the initial position of various words, or of a consonant sound within the words.
What Is Poetry?
Poetry has been produced by every civilization in history. It is an expression of the unchanging and universal essence of human experience. We may define it as “the interpretive dramatization of experience in metrical language”. Poetry is the imaginative expression of strong feeling, usually rhythmical. The spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings recollected in tranquility.
Figurative Language & Rhetorical Device
Metaphor
Metonymy Repetition Irony Paradox
Simile
Personification Hyperbole Pun
(oxymoron)
The Forms of Poetry
e.g. Cold eyelids that hide like a jewel Hard eyes that grow soft for an hour;
Rhythm
Meter
Stanza
form
Rhythm 韵律，节奏 Rhythm: the regular recurrence of accent or stress
The
Stanza Forms
Stanza: groups of a definite number of lines, bound
together by a rhyme scheme that reappears in each
successive group.
Major kinds of stanza forms: