有关对地震后心理危机干预策略与方法的研究浅析 中英文对照

有关对地震后心理危机干预策略与方法的研究浅析

中英文对照

The study on the psychological crisis intervention strategies and methods after the earthquake in Chinese and English.

文主要对心理危机干预的内涵和发展历史、地震后灾民心理问题的主要表现、心理危机干预的策略与基本方法进行了初步探讨，为今后灾后心理紧急救助提供可行的方法支持。

This paper focuses on the psychological crisis intervention of the connotation and development history, after the earthquake victims of psychological problems, the main manifestations of psychological crisis intervention strategies and basic methods are discussed in the paper, for the future of post-disaster psychological aid provides a feasible method to support.

【关键词】地震心理危机干预策略方法

[ keyword ] earthquake psychological crisis intervention strategies

一、心理危机干预的内涵与发展概况

Overview of the connotation, psychological crisis intervention and development

1.心理危机干预内涵

1 psychological crisis intervention connotation

心理危机干预也被称为危机干预（crisis intervention），它是对处于危机之中、心理出现问题的个人及其家庭采取明确有效的心理干预措施，使其恢复信心，最终战胜危机的手段和过程。事实上心理危机干预是一种短程心理辅导（疏导）与心理治疗。心理危机干预适用于自然灾害、反恐行动、人质救援、暴力犯罪、战争等突发事件对人心理产生的强烈心理损害中，它可以起到缓解受害者心理压力、提供社会支持、重塑信心、帮助他们尽快适应环境的重要作用，它与物质支持同等重要，它彰显了政府和援助者以人为本的先进理念，这是社会进步的具体体现。

Psychological crisis intervention is also known as the crisis intervention ( crisis intervention ), it is in crisis, psychological personal and family problems to take clear the effective psychological intervention measures, make its restore confidence, means and process finally overcome the crisis. In fact, psychological crisis intervention is a short-range psychological counseling and psychotherapy ( counseling ). Psychological crisis intervention for strong psychological damage to natural disasters, terrorism, hostage rescue, violent crime, war and other emergencies of psychology, it can rise to alleviate psychological pressure, the victims provide important role of social support, confidence, as soon as possible to help them adapt to the environment, it is equally important with the material support, it reflects the advanced idea of government and donors to people-oriented, it is a concrete manifestation of social progress.

2.心理危机干预发展概况

Development of 2 psychological crisis intervention

心理危机干预实践最早出现在美国，当时二战刚刚结束，大批身心倍受摧残的军人需要心理专业人员的辅导，1946年，美国政府派遣200名实习心理医生，在老兵管理机构为退伍老兵提供情感治疗服务，他们卓有成效的工作得到了军方承认：1947年，参与心理危机干预的心理医生获得了长期的现役地位，并被作为一种制度在军队中确立下来。1978年，美军朴茨茅斯海军医院精神科组建了一个由临床心理学家、精神科专家、牧师、护士和卫生

员组成的特殊精神疾病快速干预小组，对一些重大的危机事件，如训练事故、自杀、自然灾害、爆炸等紧急突发事件进行处置，从此快速危机干预小组就成为军方危机应对机制的重要组成部分，在美军执行各种任务中发挥着重要的、不可替代的作用。

Psychological crisis intervention practice first appeared in the United States, at the time just after the war, a large number of physical and mental destroyed military psychological need professional guidance, in 1946, the United States government sent 200 student psychological doctor, provide emotional therapy services for veterans in the veterans administration agencies, they very fruitful work obtained the military admitted: 1947, participation psychology crisis intervention in psychological doctor to obtain long-term active status, and was established as a formal system in the army. In 1978, Department of psychiatry, U. S. naval hospital Portsmouth set up a special mental illness by clinical psychologists, psychiatrists, nurses and health minister, members of the rapid intervention team, a number of major crisis events, such as training accidents, Dutch act, natural disaster, explosion and other emergency incidents disposal, from the rapid intervention team it has become an important part of the military crisis response mechanism, plays an important, irreplaceable role in carrying out various missions in the u.s..

美国的心理危机干预机制对全世界的危机处置观念产生了重要影响。我国于上世纪90年代末开始关注心理危机干预，由于党和政府大力倡导以人为本、构建和谐社会的执政理念，心理危机干预成为各种灾后重建的重要内容，党和政府的大力支持为心理危机干预发展提供了自上而下的思想指导，为汶川大地震的心理危机干预提供了政策指导，我国心理危机干预面临着难得的发展机遇。

The important influence of psychological crisis intervention mechanism of the United States of America on the world's crisis management concept. Our country began to pay attention to the psychological crisis intervention in the 90's of the last century, since the ruling idea of the party and the government vigorously promote people-oriented, building a harmonious society, has become an important part of all kinds of post-disaster reconstruction of psychological crisis intervention, the party and the government's strong support provides top-down guidance for psychological crisis intervention, provides policy guidance as the psychological crisis intervention in Wenchuan earthquake, China's psychological crisis intervention is facing rare opportunities for development.

二、地震灾后心理问题的主要表现

The main findings of two, post-disaster psychological problems

震后心理危机干预必须清楚灾民灾后出现的一般心理问题。

Psychological crisis intervention must be clear after the general psychological problems after the disaster victims.

1.灾后一般心理问题

1 post-disaster psychological problems

从心理学角度看，面对突如其来的自然灾害，人们在心理上会产生各种应激反应：情绪波动大，紧张、恐惧、易冲动、自责、伤心、焦躁不安；出现睡眠障碍，如做噩梦或入睡困难；出现惊恐反应，对外界刺激（与地震相关的信息）的反应过于敏感，出现肌肉紧张、发抖、盗汗、恶心、尿急尿频、心慌胸闷等生理心理反应，属一般心理问题，这些不良反应可以随着时间流逝而自行恢复正常，如对对其加以心理危机干预，可以加快心理康复速度，提高心理康复质量。

From a psychological point of view, face come unexpectedly natural disasters, people will have a variety of stress response in Psychology: mood swings, tension, fear, easy impulse, remorse,