大学有机化学双语教学辅助材料 —单词对照
有机化学专业英语
烷基Alkyl [??lkil]芳基aryl [??ril]甲基methyl [?meθil]亚甲基methylene[?meθili:n]乙基ethyl [?eθil,?eθ?l]丙基propyl [?pr?upil]异丙基isopropyl [?ais?u?pr?upil]丁基butyl [?bju:til]戊基pentyl [?pentil]己基hexyl [?heksil]庚基heptyl [?heptil]辛基octyl [??kt?l]壬基nonyl [?n?nil]奎基decyl ['des?l]?[di:'s i l]?叔丁基tert-butyl异丁基iso-butyl环戊基cyclopentyl[]环己基cyclohexyl []甲氧基methoxyl ['met?ks?l]?乙氧基ethoxyl [e?θ?ksil]丁氧基butoxyl酰基acyl[??sil]甲酰基formyl [?f?:mil]乙酰基acetyl [??sitil]乙烯基vinyl [?va?n?l]或ethenyl丁烯基butenyl [?bjut?nil]己烯基hexenyl庚烯基heptenyl [?hept??nil]烯丙基allyl [??lil]乙炔基ethinyl [e?θainil] 或alkynyl 硝基nitro [?naitr?u]亚硝基nitroso [nai?tr?us?u]氨基amino [??mi:n??, ??m??n??]二氨基diamino亚氨基imino [?imin?u,i?mi:n?u]重氮基diazo [dai??z?u]苯基phenyl [?fen?l,?fi:n?l,?fi:nil]苄基benzyl [?benzil] 或phenmethyl [?fin?meθil]苯乙基phenethyl [fen?eθ?l]乙氧苯基ethoxyphenyl苯胺基anilino [??nili:n]羰基carbonyl [?kɑ:b?nil]羧基carboxyl [kɑ:?b?ksil]联苯基biphenyl [bai?fenl]甲酰基formyl [?f?:mil]苯酰，苯甲酰benzoyl ['benz???l]脒基guanyl [il]羟基hydroxyl [hai?dr?ksil]烷氧基alkoxy [?l?k?ksi]或alkoxyl group芳基aryl group二芳基diaryl group [dai??ril]吡啶基pyridyl[?piridil]三苯甲基trityl['tra?tl]二苯甲基benzhydryl [bena?d'ra?l]氨基甲酰基carbamoyl[kɑ:'b?m??l]三甲基硅基trimethylsilyl炔丙基propargyl [pr??'pɑ:d??l]丙酮基（乙酰甲基）acetonyl['?s?t?n?l]正n，normal异iso邻位ortho- [??:θ?u]间位meta- ['m?t?]对位para- [?pɑ:r?]伯Primary ['praim?ri]仲Secondary ['sek?nd?ri]叔Tertiary ['t?:??ri] tert-季碳quaternary [kw??t?:n?ri] carbon一，单mono-二di-，双bis ，bi（化学中只有碳酸氢根才用bi，如bicarbonate [bai?kɑ:b?nit]）三tri-，tris四tetra- 四quadric-五penta- 五quinque- 六hexa-七hepta- 七septi八octa-九nona-十deca- ['d?k?]十一undeca ，hendeca-十二dodeca-十三trideca-十四tetradeca十五pentadeca-十六hexadeca-十七heptadeca-顺式，cis-同，共syn反式trans有机化合物类名Aliphatic?compound?脂肪族化合物[] Hydrocarbon?碳氢化合物[?ha?dr??kɑ:b?n] Alkane?烷[]Wax?蜡[]Paraffin?wax?石蜡arene芳烃[]Alkene?烯[]Alkyne?炔[??lkain]Acetylide?炔化物[] Active?hydrogen?compounds?活泼氢化合物acid [??sid]Carbon?acid?碳氢酸Super?acid?超酸Diene?双烯[?daii:n]Triene?三烯[?traii:n]Allene?丙二烯[??li:n]Propylene丙烯[] cumulene?累积多烯[] Enyne?烯炔[e?ni:n]Diyne?二炔Alkyl?halide?卤代烷[??lkil ?h?laid]Alcohol?醇[]Homoallylic?alcohol?高烯丙醇Ether?醚[?i:θ?]Ester?酯[?est?]Ketone?酮Aldehyde?醛[??ldihaid]Epoxide?环氧化物[e?p?ksaid]Sulfone?砜[?s?lf?un]Sulfoxide?亚砜Sulfonic?acid?磺酸Carboxylic?acid?羧酸Cellosolve?溶纤剂Crown?ether?冠醚Nitro?compound?硝基化合物Amine?胺[] Quaternaryammonium?compound?季铵化合物[] [] Amine?oxide?氧化胺Diazoalkane?重氮烷[da?,?z??'?lke?n] Mercaptan?硫醇[] Aldehyde?hydrate?醛水合物Ketone?hydrate?酮水合物Hemiacetal?半缩醛[?hemi??sit?l]Acetal?缩醛acetal [化]乙缩醛,?乙缩醛二乙醇[??sit?l] Ketal?缩酮[?ki:t?l]thiazole噻唑[?θai??z?ul]Dithiane?二噻烷[dai?θai?n]Aminal?缩醛胺;动物imine?亚胺[]Aldimine?醛亚胺Oxime?肟[]nitroso compound?亚硝基化合物aldoxime?醛肟，乙醛肟[?l?d?ksi:m] Hydrazone?腙[?haidr??z?un]Azine?嗪[??zi:n]Semicarbazone?缩氯基脲Cyanohydrin?羟腈,氰醇[?sai?n?u?haidrin] Pinacol?频哪醇Enol?烯醇[?i:n?l]Enol?ether?烯醇醚Enol?ester?烯醇酯[?i:n?l][?est?]Enamine?烯胺[i?n?min]Ynamine?炔胺Mannich?base?曼尼希碱orthoester?原酸酯Acyl?halide?酰卤[??sil]Acyl?fluoride?酰氟[] Acyl?chloride?酰氯Acyl?bromide?酰溴Acyl?iodide?酰碘[?ai?daid]Carbobenzoxy?chloride?苄氧甲酰氯Acyl?tosylate?酰基对甲苯磺酸酐Ketene?乙烯酮[?ki:ti:n]Peracid?过酸Perester?过酸酯Acyl?peroxide?酰基过氧化物Nitrile?腈[?naitrail] acetonitrile 乙腈[??sit?u?naitril] 或methyl cyanid e [?sa???na?d]Nitrile?oxide?氧化腈Isonitrile?异腈，异氰化物Amide?酰胺[??maid]Imide?二酰亚胺[?imaid]N-bromo?compound?N-溴化物Hydrazide?酰肼[]Azide 叠氮化物[??zaid,?eizid]Acyl?azide?酰基叠氮[??sil] [??zaid,?eizid]Amidine?脒[??mi?di:n]Keto?ester?酮酸酯Acyl?cyanide?酰腈[??sil] [?sa???na?d]Carbon?suboxide?二氧化三碳Glycidic?acid?环氧丙酸Carbammic?acid?氨基甲酸Carbamate?氨基甲酸酯[?kɑ:b?meit]Urea?脲，尿素[]Cyanamide?氨腈[sai??n?maid]Carbodiimide?碳二亚胺[,kɑ:b?dai'imaid]Allophanate?脲基甲酸酯Thioester?硫代酸酯[?θai?u?est?]Thiol?acid?硫羰酸[?θai?u]Lactone?内酯[?l?kt?un]Lactol?内半缩醛[?l?kt?l]Macrolide?大环内酯[?m?kr?laid] Amino?acid?氨基酸Zwitterion两性离子[?tsvit?rai?n] Inner?salt?内盐Betaine?甜菜碱[?bi:t?i:n]Lactam?内酰胺[?l?kt?m] Hydantoin?或glycolylurea 乙内酰脲[hai?d?nt?win]Hydration水合，水合作用[ha?'dre??n] Peptide?肽[?pep?ta?d]Glycol?乙二醇[] Aldol?羟醛[??ld?ul]Acyloin?偶姻，酮醇[??sil?uin] acyloin condensation 酮醇缩合Carbohydrate?碳水化合物Aldose?醛糖[??ld?us]Ketose?酮糖[?ki:t?us]Furanose?呋喃糖[?fju?r??n?us] Pyranose?吡喃糖[?pai?r?n?us] Glycoside?糖苷[?ɡlaik??said] Glucoside?葡[萄]糖苷Aglycon?苷元[??ɡlaik?n] Saccharide?糖类[?s?k?raid] Oligosaccharide?寡糖[??liɡ?u?s?k?raid] Polysaccharide?多糖[p?li?s?k?raid]Alditol?糖醇[??ldit?l]Osazone?脎[??us??z?un]Alicyclic?compound?脂环化合物[?li?siklik] Cycloalkane?环烷Cycloalkene?环烯Spirane? 螺烷[?spai?rein]Cage?compound?笼型化合物Propellane?螺桨烷Rotazane?轮烷Catenane?索烃[?k?tnein]Fused?ring?稠环[fju:zd ri?]化学专业英语词汇常用前后缀-acetal?醛缩醇?acetal-?乙酰?acid?酸?-al?醛?alcohol?醇?-aldehyde?醛?alkali-?碱?allyl?丙烯基?'?alkoxy-?烷氧基Methoxy甲氧基的?-amide?酰胺?[]amino-?氨基的[??mi:n??, ??m??n??]-amidine?脒?[??mi?di:n]-amine?胺?-ane?烷?anhydride?酐?[?n?haidraid]anilino-?苯胺基[??nili:n]aquo-?含水aqueous水的，水成的?[?eikwi?s] -ase?酶?-ate?含氧酸的盐、酯?-atriyne?三炔?azo-?偶氮?[??z?u]azoxy-氧化偶氮-N=N(O)-hydrazo-氢化偶氮-NH-NH-benzene?苯?[?ben?zi:n, ben?zi:n]bi-?在盐类前表示酸式盐bis-?双?-borane?硼烷?[?b?urein]bromo-?溴?butyl?丁基?.-carbinol?甲醇?carbonyl?羰基?-caboxylic?acid?羧酸?centi-?10-2?chloro-?氯代?cis-?顺式?condensed?缩合的、冷凝的?cyclo-?环? deca-?十deci?10-1?di二?-dine?啶?dodeca-?十二?-ene?烯?epi-?表epoxy-?环氧?[]-ester?酯-ether?醚?ethoxy-?乙氧基? [] ethyl?乙基?fluoro-或fluor-?氟代?-form?仿?-glycol?二醇?hemi-?半?hendeca-?十一?hepta-?七?heptadeca-?十七?hexa-?六?hexadeca-?十六?-hydrin?醇?hydro-?氢或水?hydroxyl?羟基?hypo-?低级的，次?-ic?酸的，高价金属?-ide?无氧酸的盐，酰替?胺，酐-il?偶酰?-imine?亚胺?/iodine?碘[]iodo-?碘代?iso-?异，等，同?-ite?亚酸盐?keto-?酮?ketone?酮?-lactone?内酯?mega-?106?meta-?间，偏?methoxy-?甲氧基?methyl?甲基micro-?10-6?milli-?10-3mono-?(?mon-)?一，单?nano-?10-9?nitro-?硝基?nitroso-?亚硝基?nona-?九?nonadeca-?十九? octa-?八?octadeca-?十八?-oic?酸的?-ol?醇9?a$?f!?Q,?H:?[5?n&?G -one?酮?ortho-?邻，正，原?-ous?亚酸的，低价金属?oxa-?氧杂?-oxide?氧化合物?-oxime?肟?[] oxo-?酮?[]oxy-?氧化?[]-oyl?酰?para-?对位，仲?penta-?五?pentadeca-?十五?per-?高，过?petro-?石油?phenol?苯酚?[?fi:n?l] phenyl?苯基?[]pico-?10-12?poly-?聚，多?quadri-?四?quinque-?五?semi-?半?septi-?七?sesqui?一个半?sulfa-?磺胺?[] sym-?对称?syn-?顺式，同，共?ter-?三?-tetra-?四?tetradeca-?十四?tetrakis-?四个?thio-?硫代[] trans-?反式，超，跨?tri-?三?trans-?反式，超，跨?tri-?三?trideca-?十三?tris-?三个?undeca-?十一?.Alkylation?烷基化C-?alkylation?C-烷基化O-?alkylation?O-烷基化N-alkylation?N-烷基化Silylation?硅烷[基]化Exhaustive?methylation?彻底甲基化Seco?alkylation?断裂烷基化Demethylation?脱甲基化Ethylation?乙基化Arylation?芳基化Acylation?酰化Formylation?甲酰化Carbalkoxylation?烷氧羰基化Carboamidation?氨羰基化Carboxylation?羧基化Amination?氨基化Bisamination?双氨基化Cine?substitution?移位取代Transamination?氨基交换Hydroxylation?羟基化acyloxyation?酰氧基化Decarboxylative?nitration?脱羧卤化Allylic?halogenation?烯丙型卤化Dehalogenation?脱卤Nitration?硝化Decarboxylative?nitration?脱羧硝化Nitrosation?亚硝化Sulfonation?磺化Chlorosulfonation?氯磺酰化Desulfonation?脱磺酸基Sulfenylation?亚磺酰化Sulfonylation?磺酰化Chlorosulfenation?氯亚磺酰化Chlorocarbonylation?氯羰基化Diazotization?重氮化[dai??z?tai?zei??n] Diazo?transfer?重氮基转移Coupling?reaction?偶联反应uni-?单，一?unsym-?不对称的，偏位?-yl?基?-ylene?撑(二价基，价在不同原子上)?-yne?炔Diazonium?coupling?重氮偶联[?dai??z?uni?m]Cross-coupling?reaction?交叉偶联反应1,4-addition?1，4-加成C-C Pi-bond C-C π键Conjugate?addition?共轭加成[?k?nd???ge?t] Dimerization?二聚Trimefization?三聚Additive?dimerization?加成二聚Sulfurize 使硫化[] sulfurization?硫化Selenylation?硒化Hydroboration?硼氢化[?haidr?u?b?:?rei??n] Oxyamination?羟氨基化Insertion?插入carbonylation?羧基化Hydroformylation?加氢甲酰基化Hydroacylation?加氢酰化Oxo?process?羰基合成Decarbonylation?脱羰[di:?kɑ:b?n??lei??n] Hydrocarboxylation?氢羧基化Homologization?同系化Cyanoethylation?氰乙基化Decyanoethylation?脱氰乙基Ring?closure?环合，闭环Diene?synthesis?双烯合成Dienophile?亲双烯体Endo?addition?内型加成Exo?addition?外型加成Diels-Alder?reaction?第尔斯-尔德反应Retro?Diels-Alder?reaction?逆第尔斯-阿尔德反应Ene?synthesis?单烯合成Anionic?cycloaddition?负离子环加成Dipolar?addition?偶极加成Dehydrohalogenation?脱卤化氢Deamination?脱氨基Pyrolytic?elimination?热解消除Elimination-addition?消除-加成Decarboxylation?脱羧Decarboxamidation?脱酰胺Decyanation?脱氰基Alkylolysis,alkyl?cleavage?烷基裂解Acylolysis,acyl?cleavage?酰基裂解Flash?pyrolysis?闪热裂Fragmentation?碎裂Chiletropic?reaction?螯键反应Chelation?螯环化Esterification?酯化Transesterification?酯交换Saponification?皂化Alcoholysis?醇解Ethanolysis?乙醇解Cyanomethylation?氰甲基化Aminomethylation?氨甲基化Hydroxymethylation?羟甲基化Hydroxyalkylation?羟烷基化Cholromethylation?氯甲基化Haloalkylation?卤烷基化Transacetalation?缩醛交换Enolization?烯醇化Haloform?reaction?卤仿反应Condensation?缩合Aldol?condensation?羟醛缩合Cross?aldol?condensation?交叉羟醛缩合Retrograde?aldol?condensation?逆羟醛缩合Acyloin?condensation?偶姻缩合Cyclization?环化Annulation,annelation?增环反应Spiroannulation?螺增环Autoxidation?自氧化Allylic?hydroperoxylation?烯丙型氢过氧化Epoxidation?环氧化Oxonolysis?臭氧解Electrochemical?oxidation?电化学氧化Oxidative?decarboxylation?氧化脱羧Aromatization?芳构化Catalytic?hydrogenation?催化氢化Heterogeneous?hydrogenation?多相氢化Homogeneous?hydrogenation?均相氢化Catalytic?dehydrogenation?催化脱氢Transfer?hydrogenation?转移氢化Hydrogenolysis?氢解Dissolving?metal?reduction?溶解金属还原Single?electron?transfer?单电子转移Bimolecular?reduction?双分子还原Electrochemical?reduction?电化学还原Reductive?alkylation?还原烷基化Reductive?acylation?还原酰化Reductive?dimerization?还原二聚Deoxygenation?脱氧Desulfurization?脱硫Deselenization?脱硒Mitallation?金属化Lithiation?锂化Hydrometallation?氢金属化Mercuration?汞化Oxymercuration?羟汞化Aminomercuration?氨汞化Abstraction?夺取[反应]Internal?abstraction?内夺取[反应] Rearrangement?重排Prototropic?rearrangement?质了转移重排Double?bond?migration?双键移位Allylic?migration?烯丙型重排Allylic?migration?烯丙型迁移Ring?contraction?环缩小[反应]Ring?expansion,ring?enlargement?扩环[反应] -ketol?rearrangement?-酮醇重排Pinacol?rearrangement?频哪醇重排Retropinacol?rearrangement?逆频哪醇重排Semipinacol?rearrangement?半频哪醇重排Benzilic?rearrangement?二苯乙醇酸重排Acyl?rearrangement?酰基重排Migratory?aptitude?迁移倾向Transannular?insertion?跨环插入Transannular?rearrangement?跨环重排Migration?迁移Prototropy?质子转移Cationotropic?rearrangement?正离子转移重排Anionotropy?负离子转移Anionotropic?rearrangement?负离子转移重Sigmatropic?rearrangement?-迁移重排Homosigmatropic?rearrangement?同迁移重排Electrophilic?rearrangement?亲电重排Photosensitization?光敏化Forbidden?transition?禁阻跃迁photooxidation?光氧化Photoisomerization?光异构化Photochemical?rearrangement?光化学重排Angular?methyl?group?角甲基Alkylidene?group?亚烷基[?l?kil??di:n] Methylene 亚甲基[?meθili:n]Allyl?group?烯丙基Allylic?烯丙型[的] [??l??lik]Phenyl?group?苯基[?fen?l,?fi:n?l,?fi:nil] Aryl?group?芳基Benzyl?group?苄基Benzylic?苄型[的]Activating?group?活化基团Chromophore?生色团[?kr?um?f?:] Auxochrome?助色团[??:ks?kr?um]Magnetically?anisotropic?group?磁各向异性基团[??nais?u?tr?pik]Smally?ring?小环Common?ring?普通环Medium?ring?中环[?mi:dj?m]Large?ring?大环Bridged-ring?system?桥环体系Spiro?compound?螺环化合物Helical?molecule?螺旋型分子Octahedral?compound?八面体化合物Conjugation?共轭[] Conjugated-system?共轭体系Acyl?cation?酰[基]正离子Benzylic?cation?苄[基]正离子[?k?tai?n]Arenium?ion?芳[基]正离子或aryl cationKetyl?radical?羰自由基Radical?ion?自由基离子[?ai?n]Radical?cation?自由基正离子Radical?anion?自由基负离子[??nai?n]Isomerism?异构[现象]Acid?form?酸式Fluxional?structure?循变结构Stereochemistry?立体化学Optical?activity?光学活性，旋光性Dextro?isomer?右旋异构体[] Laevo?isomer?左旋异构体[] Tetrahedral?configuration?四面体构型Stereoisomerism?立体异构[现象]Asymmetric?atom?不对称原子Asymmetric?carbon?不对称碳Pseudoasymmetric?carbon?假不对称碳Phantom?atom?虚拟原子[] Homotopic?等位[的]Heterotopic?异位[的]Enantiotopic?对映[异构体]的Diastereotopic?非对映异构体[的] [?dai?sti?ri??t?pik]Configuration?构型[k?n?fiɡju?rei??n]Absolute?configuration?绝对构型Chirality?手性Chiral?手性[的] [英] [?t?ir?l][美] [?ka?r?l] Chiral?center?手性中心Chiral?molecule?手性分子Achiral?非手性[的] [ei'kair?l]Fischer?projection?费歇尔投影式Neoman?projection?纽曼投影式D-L?system?of?nomenclature?D-L命名体系R-S?syytem?of?nomenclature?R-S命名体系Cahn-Ingold-Prelon?sequence?顺序规则Symmetry?factor?对称因素Plane?of?symmetry?对称面Mirror?symmetry?镜面对称Enantiomer?对映[异构]体[]Diastereomer?非对映[异构]体[]Epimer?差向异构体[] Anomer?端基[差向]异构体Erythro?configuration?赤型构型Erythro?isomer?赤型异构体Threo?configuration?苏型构型Threo?isomer?苏型异构体Trigonal?carbon?三角型碳Cis-trans?isomerism?顺反异构E?isomer?E异构体Z?isomer?Z异构体Endo?isomer?内型异构体Exo?isomer?外型异构体Prochirality?前手性Pro-R?group?前R基团Pro-S?proup?前S基团Re?face?Re面Si?face?Si面Racemic?mixture?外消旋混合物[]Racemic?compound?外消旋化合物Racemic?solid?solution?外消旋固体溶液Meso?compound?内消旋化合物Quasi?recemate?准外消旋体[?kwɑ:zi(:),?kweisai]Conformation?构象Conformational?构象的Torsion?angle?扭转角Rotamer?旋转异构体Anti?conformation?反式构象Bisecting?conformation?等分构象Anti?periplanar?conformation?反叠构象Synperiplanar?conformation?顺叠构象Synclinal?conformation?反错构象Synclinal?conformation?顺错构象Eclipsed?conformation?重叠构象Gauche?conformation,?skew?con-formation?邻位交叉构象Staggered?conformation?对位交叉构象Steric?effect?空间效应[?sti?rik,?sterik]Steric?hindrance?位阻Atropismer?阻转异构体Puckered?ring?折叠环Conformational?inversion?构象反转Chair?conformation?椅型构象Boat?conformation?船型构象Twist?conformation?扭型构象Skew?boat?conformation?扭船型构象Half-chair?conformation?半椅型构象Pseudorotation?假旋转Envelope?conformation?信封[型]构象Axial?bond?直[立]键[??ksi:?l] Equatorial?bond?平[伏]键[?i:kw??t?:ri:?l, -?t??r-, ?ekw?-] Cisoid?conformation?顺向构象Transoid?conformation?反向构象Retention?of?configuration?构型保持Regioselectivity?区域选择性Regiospecificity?区域专一性Stereocelectivity?立体选择性Stereospecificty?立体专一性Conformer?构象异构体Conformational?effect?构象效应Cram’s?rube?克拉姆规则Prelog’rule?普雷洛格规则Stereochemical?orientation?立体[化学]取向Conformational?transmission?构象传递Homolog?同系物Ipso?position?本位Ortho?position?邻位Meta?position?间位Para?position?对位Amphi?position?远位Peri?position?近位Trigonal?hybridization?三角杂化Molecular?orbiral?method?分子轨道法Valence?bond?method?价键法Delocalezed?bond?离域键Cross?conjugation?交叉共轭Vinylog?插烯物Mesomeric?effect?中介效应Resonance?共振[?rez?n?ns] Resonance?effect?共振效应Hyperconjugation?超共轭Isovalent?hyperconjugation?等价超共轭No-bond?resonance?无键共振Aromaticity?芳香性Aromatic?sexter?芳香六隅Huckel’rule?休克尔规则Paramagnetic?ring?current?顺磁环电流Diamagnetic?ring?cruuent?抗磁环电流Homoaromaticity?同芳香性Antiaromaticity?反芳香性Alternant?hydrocarbon?交替烃Non-alternant?hydrocarbon?非交替烷Pericyclic?reaction?周环反应Electrocyclic?rearrangement?电环[化]重排Conrotatory?顺旋Disroatatory?对旋Cycloaddition?环加成Symmetry?forbidden-reaction?对称禁阻反应Synfacial?reaction?同面反应Antarafacial?reaction?异面反应Mobius?system?默比乌斯体系Leois?structure?路易斯结构Coordinate-covalent?bond?配位共价键Banana?bond?香蕉键Pauling?electronegativity?scale?鲍林电负性标度Polarizability?可极化性Inductive?effect?诱导效应Field?effect?场效应Electrical?effect?电场效应tautomerism?互变异构Tautomerization?互变异构化Keto-enol?tautomerism?酮-烯醇互变异构Phenol-keto?tautomerism?酚-酮互变异构Imine-enamine?atutomerism?亚胺-烯胺互变异构Ring-chain?tautomerism?环-链互变异构Valence?tautomerism?价互变异构Ambident?两可[的]Solvent?effect?溶剂效应Acid-base?catalyxed?reaction?酸性溶剂Basic?solvent?碱性溶剂Dielectric?constant?介电常数Solvated?electron?溶剂化电子Acid-base?catalyzed?reaction?酸碱催化反应Conjugate?base?共轭酸Conjugate?base?共轭碱Therm?odynamic?acidity?热力学酸度Kinetic?acidity?动力学酸度Electron?donof-acceptor?complex,EDAcomplex?电子给[体]受体络合物Host?主体Guest?客体Primary?isotope?effect?一级同位素效应Secondary?isotope?effect?二级同位数效应Inverse?isotope?effect?逆同位素效应Kinetic?control?动力学控制Thermodynamic?control?热力学控制Substrate?底物Intermediate?中间体Reactive?intermediate?活泼中间体Microscopic?reversibility?微观可逆性Hammond?postulate?哈蒙德假说Linear?free?energy?线性自由能Non-bonded?interaction?非键相互作用Torsional?effect?扭转效应Pitzer?strain?皮策张力Restricted?rotation?阻碍旋转Eclipsing?effect?重叠效应Eclipsing?strain?重叠张力Small-angle?strain?小角张力Large?angle?strain?大角张力Transannular?interaction?跨环相互作用Transannular?strain?跨环张力I?strain?内张力F?strain?前张力B?strain?后张力Anomeric?effect?端基异构效应Walden?inversion?瓦尔登反转Racemization?外消旋化Isoinversion?等反转Isoracemization?等消旋Homochiral?纯手性[的]Mechanism?机理Unimolecular?nucleophilic?单分子亲核取代Bimolecular?nucleophilic?sub-stitution?双分子亲核取代Bimolecular?nucleophilic?substi-tution(with?allylic?rea rrange-ment)?双分子亲核取代（含烯丙型重排）Internal?nucleophilic?substiru-tion?分子内亲核取代Aromatic?nucleophilic?substitu-tion?芳香亲核取代Unimolecular?electrophilic?sub-stitution?单分子亲电取代Bimolecular?electrophilic?substi-tution?双分子亲电取代Nucleophile-assisted?unimolecu-lar?electrophilic?substi tution?亲核体协助单分子亲电取代Unimolecular?elimination?单分子消除Bimolecular?elimination?双分子消除Unimolecular?elimination?through?the?conjugate?base?单分子共轭碱消除Bimolecular?elimination?through?the?conjugate?base?双分子共轭碱消除Bimolecular?elimination?with?for-mation?of?a?carbony l?group?双分子羰基形成消除Unimolecular?acid-catalyzed?acyl-oxygen?cleavage?单分子酸催化酰氧断裂Bimolecular?base-catalyzed?acyl-oxygen?cleavage?双分子碱催化酰氧断裂Unimolecular?acid-catalyzed?alkyl-oxygen?cleavage?单分子酸催化烷氧断裂Bimllecular?base-catalyzed?alkyl-oxygen?cleavage?双分子碱催化烷氧断裂π-allyl?complex?mechanism?π烯丙型络合机理Borderline?mechanism?边理机理Homolysis?均裂Heterolysis?异裂Heterolytic?michanism?异裂机理Counrer[gegen]ion?反荷离子Ion?pair?离子对Carbocation?碳正离子[?kɑ:b??kei??n]Nonclassical?carbocation?非经典碳正离子Carbanion?碳负离子[?kɑ:b?nai?n]Masked?carbanion?掩蔽碳负离子Carbenoid?卡宾体Carbene?卡宾[]Nitrene?氮宾[a]Carbine?碳炔[] Electrophilic?addition?亲电加成Electrophile?亲电体Diaxial?addition?双直键加成Markovnikov’s?rube?马尔科夫尼科规则Anti-Markovnikov?addition?反马氏加成Michael?addition?迈克尔加成Substitution?取代Electrophilic?substitution?亲电取代Addition-elimination?mechanism?加成消除机理[?mek?niz?m]Electrophilic?aromatic?substitu-tion?亲电芳香取代Electron?transfer?电子转移Electron-donating?group?给电子基团Electron-Withdrawing?group?吸电子基团Deactivating?group?钝化基团Orinentation?取向Ortho-para?directing?group?邻对位定位基Meta?directing?group?间位定位基Ortho?effect?邻位效应Partial?rate?factor?分速度系数Nucleophilic?reaction?亲核反应Internal?return?内返Nucleophilicity?亲核体Nucleophilicity?亲核性α-effect?α-效应Backside?attack?背面进攻Inversion?反转Umbrella?effect?伞效应Push-pull?effect?推拉效应Leaving?group?离去基团Electrofuge?离电体Nucleofuge?离核体Phase-transfer?catalysis?相转移催化Neighboring?group?participation?邻基基参与Neighboring?proup?assistance,anchimeric?assistance?邻助作用Neighboring?group?effect?邻基效应Apofacial?reaction?反面反应Briddgehead?displacement?桥头取代Aryl?action?芳正离子Benzyne?苯炔Zaitsev?rule?札依采夫规则Anti-Zaitsev?orientation?反札依采夫定向Hofmann’s?rule?霍夫曼规则Bredt?rule?布雷特规则Initiation?引发Anionic?cleavage?负离子裂解Partial?bond?fixation?键[的]部分固定化exothermic发热的，放出热量的[?eks?u?θ?:mik]各种反应类型Halogenations reaction卤化反应Hydrogenation reaction氢化反应Alkylation reaction烷基化（烃化）反应Hydrocarbylation 烃基化反应Oxidation and reduction reaction氧化还原反Reductive amination还原胺化反应Cross-coupling reaction交叉耦合反应Cycloaddition reaction环加成反应Rearrangement reaction重排反应Acylation reaction酰化反应Acetylization reaction乙酰化反应Amide reaction酰胺反应Sulfonylation磺酰化反应Nitration reaction硝化反应Esterification酯化反应Anhydride reaction酸酐反应Oximation reaction肟化反应Coupled（或coupling）reaction偶联反应1,3-dipolar cycloaddition 1,3-偶极环加成Pericyclic reaction周环反应Hydrolysis reaction 水解反应Ester hydrolysis 酯水解反应Hydrolytic-polymeric reaction水解聚合反应Dehydrogenation reaction脱氢反应Dehydrohalogenation reaction 脱卤化氢反应Dehydration reaction脱水反应Decarboxylation reaction脱羧反应Addition reaction加成反应Substitution reaction取代反应Cracking reaction 裂化反应Elimination reaction消除反应And metal response reaction与活泼金属反应Phase transfer catalytic reaction相转移催化反应Acid-base catalyzed reaction酸碱催化反应Polymerization reaction聚合反应Polycondensation reaction缩聚反应Condensation reaction 缩合反应Silver mirror reaction银镜反应Nucleophilic reaction亲核反应Electrophilic reaction亲电反应Nucleophilic cycloaddition reaction亲核环加成反应Nucleophilic substitution亲核取代反应Electrophilic substitution亲电取代反应Unimolecular electrophilic substitution单分子亲电取代反应Bimolecular electrophilic substitution双分子亲电取代反应Unimolecular elimination reaction单分子消除反应Bimolecular elimination reaction双分子消除反应Unimolecular nucleophilic substitution单分子亲核取代Bimolecular nucleophilic substitution双分子亲核取代反应Internal nucleophilic substitution分子内亲核取代Aromatic nucleophilic substitution reaction芳香亲核取代反应活化剂的中英文名称Bis(2-ethylhexyl)?sebacate?（癸二酸二仲辛酯；癸二酸二2-乙基己酯）Zinc?stearate?（硬脂酸锌）Suberic?acid?（辛二酸）Adipic?acid,?（己二酸）?Hexanedioic?acid,?（己二酸）Sebacic?acid,?dibutyl?ester?（癸二酸二丁酯）Abietic?acid?（松香酸）Lactic?acid?（乳酸）Poly(ethylene?glycol)?（聚乙二醇）Glycerol?stearate?（硬脂酸甘油酯）Imidazoline?（咪唑啉，间二氮杂环戊烯）?-Pinene?（β-蒎烯，β-松油二环烯）Adipic?acid?（脂肪酸）Butyl?acetate?（乙酸丁酯）Ethylene?glycol?butyl?ether?（乙二醇丁醚）Sebacic?acid,?（癸二酸）Decanedioic?acid,?（癸二酸）Ethylene?glycol?ethyl?ether?（乙二醇乙醚）2-Butenedioic?acid?(E)-,?（2-丁烯二酸）Succinic?acid,?（琥珀酸，丁二酸）Ethylene?glycol?methyl?ether?（乙二醇甲醚）Acetyl?acetate?（乙酸乙酰脂）1H-Benzotriazole?（1-H-笨并三唑）?-Pinene?（α-蒎烯,α-松香二环烯）Salicylic?acid?(水杨酸)Iso-Propanol?(异丙醇)Benzoic?acid?(苯甲酸)Ethanol?(乙醇)Lysine?(赖氨酸)Glutamic?acid?(谷氨酸,2-氨基戊二酸)Glyceroyl,?（甘油酰）N,N,N',N'-Tetrakis-(2-hydroxypropyl)-ethylene-diamine ?（N，N，N，N-四（2-羟基丙基）乙烯二氨）Isoleucine,?（异亮氨酸）Decamethylenedicarboxylic?acid,?disalicyloylhydrazide?（Tris(2,3-dibromopropyl)isocyanurate（3（2，3-2溴丙基）异氰尿酸盐）3-(N-Salicyloyl)amino-1,2,4-triazole?（3-（N-水杨酰）氨-1，2，4-三唑）Isocyanuric?acid?（异氰尿酸）Salicylamide?（水杨酰胺）Polyethylene?glycol?（聚乙二醇）Diethylene?glycol?diethyl?ether?（二甘醇二乙醚，（一缩）二乙二醇二乙醚）Butyl?carbitol?（丁基卡必醇）Ethyl?carbitol?（乙基卡必醇）Methyl?carbitol?（甲基卡必醇）Ethylene?glycol?monobutyl?ether?（乙二醇单丁醚）Glutaric?acid?（?戊二酸，谷酸）Succinic?acid?（琥珀酸，丁二酸）Citric?acid?（柠檬酸）Salicylic?acid?（水杨酸）Lactic?acid?（2-羟基丙酸，乳酸）Glycerin?monostearate?（甘油一硬脂酸）Pentaerythritol?（季戊四醇）tetrakis[ -(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-phenyl)propionat e]?四[β-（3，5-二叔丁基-4-羟基-苯基）丙酸酯Dioctyl?sebacate?（癸二酸二辛酯）N-Methyl?pyrrolidone,?（N-甲基吡咯烷酮）Diethylene?glycol?ethyl?ether?（二甘醇乙醚）Propylene?glycol?（丙二醇?）Octanedioic?acid?（辛二酸?）Oleamide?（油酸酰胺）[olamine?乙醇胺]2-Mercapto?benzothiazole?（2-巯基-苯并噻唑）Nonanedioic?acid,?（壬二酸）cis-9-Octadecenoic?acid,?（顺式-9-十八炭烯酸，油酸）Sebacic?acid,?uses?（癸二酸）12-Hydroxy?stearic?acid?（十二羟基硬脂酸）Phthalic?acid?（苯二甲酸?）1,1,3-Tris(2-methyl-4-hydroxy-5-tert-butylphenyl)butan e（1，1，3-三（2-甲基-4-羟基-5-叔丁基苯基）丁烷）1,3,5-Trimethyl-2,4,6-tris(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybe nzyl)benzene（1，3，5-三甲基-2，4，6-三（3，5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基）苯）1-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone,?（1-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮）Carbonic?acid,?（碳酸）Phthalic?acid,?（苯二甲酸）Malic?acid?（苹果酸,羟基丁二酸）2,3-Dibromo-2-butene-1,4-diol?（2，3-二溴-2-丙烯-1，4-二醇）Cetylpyridinium?bromide?（溴代十六烷基吡啶）Pentanedioic?acid?（戊二酸）?pentanediol?(戊二醇)?pentanoic?acid?(?戊酸)?pentanol?(戊醇)Butanedioic?acid,?（丁二酸）1,2-Dibromoethylbenzene?（1，2-二溴乙基苯）Salicylic?acid,?（水杨酸）Stearic?acid?（硬脂酸）Pentanedioic?acid?（戊二酸）Maleic?acid,?（马来酸，失水苹果酸）Phthalic?acid,?（苯二甲酸）Tartaric?acid,?（酒石酸）Acetic?acid,?（乙酸）Polyoxyethylene?octylphenol?ether?（聚氧乙烯辛基酚醚，聚氧化亚乙基辛基分醚）Ethanedioic?acid,?（乙二酸）Polyethylene?glycol?（聚乙二醇）Diethylene?glycol?butyl?ether?（二甘醇丁醚）Diethylene?glycol?monoethyl?ether?（二甘醇单乙醚）Ethylene?glycol?monobutyl?ether?（乙二醇单丁醚）Pentaerythritol,?（季戊四醇）Diglycol,?（二甘醇，一缩二乙二醇）Hexylene?glycol?（己二醇）Ethylene?glycol,?（乙二醇）Glycerol,?（甘油,丙三醇）Cyclobutanediamine?（环丁烷二胺）Dibromobutenediol?（二溴丁二醇）Cyclohexanediamine?（环己烷二胺）Succinamide?（琥珀酰胺，丁二酸胺）Ethylenediamine,?（乙二胺）Triethanolamine,?（三乙醇胺）5-Aminoisophthalic?acid?（5-氨基间苯二甲酸）p-tert-Butylbenzoic?acid?（对叔丁基苯甲酸）Propionic?acid,?（丙酸）Benzoic?acid,?（安息香酸,?苯(甲)酸）Salicylamide?（水杨酰胺）Aniline,?（苯胺）Palmitic?acid,?（棕榈酸,?十六酸,?软脂酸）Glutamic?acid,?（谷氨酸）?Glutaric?acid?(谷酸，戊二酸)Glycine,?（甘氨酸，氨基乙酸）Malic?acid?（苹果酸,羟基丁二酸）Adipic?acid,?（己二酸）Diethanolamine?（二乙醇胺）Triethylamine,?（三乙胺）Malic?acid?（苹果酸）Oxalic?acid,?（草酸）Oleic?acid,?（油酸）Glutaric?acid?(谷氨酸)Sorbic?acid?（山梨酸）?sorbic?alcohol?(山梨醇)=sorbit?Reactant 反应物nProduct 产物nCatalyst 催化剂catalytic agent，catalyzerDegree Celsius摄氏度Sodium Borohydride硼氢化钠Lithium Aluminum Hydride (LAH)氢化铝锂Lithiumtrit-Butoxyaluminohydride?LiAlH(O t-C4H9)3叔丁氧基氢化铝锂Diisobutylaluminum HydrideAlH[CH2CH(CH3)2]2二异丙基氢化铝Diborane B2H6硼烷Reactive Metals 活泼金属如?Na, or Li, or K?，Mg or Al or Zn or FePotassium carbonate碳酸钾Sodium carbonate 碳酸钠Sodium bicarbonate 碳酸氢钠[]Sodium chloride氯化钠Sodium acetate 乙酸钠Sodium cyanide[?sa???na?d]氰化钠Sodium methoxide或Sodium methylate甲醇钠，甲氧基钠Sodium ethoxide[?s??di:?m i:?θ?ksaid]或Sodium ethylate[?s??di:?m ?eθileit]乙醇钠Sodium sulfate 硫酸钠Magnesium sulfate [m?g?ni:zi:?m ]硫酸镁Acetic acid乙酸Formic acid甲酸Ammonium format甲酸铵Formamide[f?:?m?mid]或formyl amide 甲酰胺formaldehyde甲醛[f?:?m?ld??ha?d]Methyl iodide碘甲烷Potassium iodide碘化钾[] Potassium chloride氯化钾Potassium cyanide[?sa???na?d]氰化钾Dimethyl sulfate硫酸二甲酯Palladium –carbon 钯碳Pd/C [p??leidi?m]Palladium chloride氯化钯Palladium diacetate醋酸钯Chloroacetone 氯丙酮Tetrabutyl ammonium bromide四丁基溴化铵Tetrabutyl ammonium fluoride四丁基氟化铵容器类：量杯measuring cup烧杯beaker 不锈钢杯stainless-steel beaker量筒measuring flask/measuring cylinder 量筒graduated flask/measuring cylinder坩埚crucible 坩埚钳crucible clamp 坩埚crucible pot, melting pot试管test tube 试管架test tube holder漏斗funnel 分液漏斗separatory funnel烧瓶flask 锥形瓶conical flask塞子stopper洗瓶plastic wash bottle滴定管burette玻璃活塞stopcock冷凝器condenser试剂瓶reagent bottles玻棒glass rod 搅拌棒stirring rod蒸馏烧瓶distilling flask碘量瓶iodine flask表面皿watch glass蒸发皿evaporating dish容量瓶volumetric flask/measuring flask移液管(one-mark) pipette刻度移液管graduated pipettes称量瓶weighing bottle吸液管pipette滤管filter天平balance/scale分析天平analytical balance台秤platform balance游码crossbeams and sliding weights酒精灯alcohol burner酒精喷灯blast alcohol burner搅拌装置stirring device洗耳球rubber suction bulb研磨钵mortar 研磨棒pestle 玛瑙研钵agate mortar 瓷器porcelain白细口瓶flint glass solution bottle with stopper滴瓶dropping bottle 小滴管dropper蒸馏装置distilling apparatus蒸发器evaporator试验用器材：升降台lab jack铁架台iron support万能夹extension clamp蝴蝶夹double-buret clamp双顶丝clamp regular holder止水夹flatjaw pinchcock圆形漏斗架cast-iron ring移液管架pipet rack试管架tube rack沸石boiling stone橡胶管rubber tubing 药匙lab spoon镊子forceps坩埚钳crucible tong剪刀scissor打孔器stopper borer石棉网asbestos-free wire gauze电炉丝wire coil for heater脱脂棉absorbent cottonphph试纸universal ph indicator paper滤纸filter paper称量纸weighing paper擦镜纸wiper for lens秒表stopwatch量杯glass graduates with scale白滴定管（酸）flint glass burette with glass stopcock棕色滴定管（酸）brown glass burette with glass stopcock白滴定管（碱）flint glass burette for alkali棕色滴定管（碱）brown glass burette for alkali比重瓶specific gravity bottle水银温度计mercury-filled thermometerph计ph meter折光仪refractometer真空泵vacuum pump冷、热浴bath离心机centrifuge。
有机化学专业英语
烷基Alkyl [ˈælkil]芳基aryl [ˈæril]甲基methyl [ˈmeθil]亚甲基methylene[ˈmeθili:n]乙基ethyl [ˈeθil,ˈeθəl]丙基propyl [ˈprəupil]异丙基isopropyl [ˌaisəuˈprəupil]丁基butyl [ˈbju:til]戊基pentyl [ˈpentil]己基hexyl [ˈheksil]庚基heptyl [ˈheptil]辛基octyl [ˈɔktəl]壬基nonyl [ˈnɔnil]奎基decyl ['desəl][di:'s i l]叔丁基tert-butyl异丁基iso-butyl环戊基cyclopentyl []环己基cyclohexyl []甲氧基methoxyl ['metɒksɪl]乙氧基ethoxyl [eˈθɔksil]丁氧基butoxyl酰基acyl[ˈæsil]甲酰基formyl [ˈfɔ:mil]乙酰基acetyl [ˈæsitil]乙烯基vinyl [ˈvaɪnəl]或ethenyl丁烯基butenyl [ˈbjutənil]己烯基hexenyl庚烯基heptenyl [ˈheptəˌnil]烯丙基allyl [ˈælil]乙炔基ethinyl [eˈθainil] 或alkynyl硝基nitro [ˈnaitrəu]亚硝基nitroso [naiˈtrəusəu]氨基amino [əˈmi:nəʊ, ˈæməˌnəʊ]二氨基diamino亚氨基imino [ˈiminəu,iˈmi:nəu]重氮基diazo [daiˈæzəu]苯基phenyl [ˈfenəl,ˈfi:nəl,ˈfi:nil]苄基benzyl [ˈbenzil]或phenmethyl [ˌfinˈmeθil]苯乙基phenethyl [fenˈeθəl]乙氧苯基ethoxyphenyl苯胺基anilino [ˈænili:n]1羰基carbonyl [ˈkɑ:bənil]羧基carboxyl [kɑ:ˈbɔksil]联苯基biphenyl [baiˈfenl]甲酰基formyl [ˈfɔ:mil]苯酰，苯甲酰benzoyl ['benzəʊɪl]脒基guanyl [il]羟基hydroxyl [haiˈdrɔksil]烷氧基alkoxy [ælˈkɔksi]或alkoxyl group 芳基aryl group二芳基diaryl group [daiˈæril]吡啶基pyridyl[ˈpiridil]三苯甲基trityl['traɪtl]二苯甲基benzhydryl [benaɪd'raɪl]氨基甲酰基carbamoyl[kɑ:'bæməɪl]三甲基硅基trimethylsilyl炔丙基propargyl [prəʊ'pɑ:dʒɪl]丙酮基（乙酰甲基）acetonyl['æsɪtənɪl]正n，normal异iso邻位ortho-[ˈɔ:θəu]间位meta-['mɛtə]对位para-[ˈpɑ:rə]伯Primary ['praimәri]仲Secondary ['sekәndәri]叔Tertiary ['tә:ʃәri] tert-季碳quaternary [kwəˈtə:nəri] carbon一，单mono-二di-，双bis ，bi（化学中只有碳酸氢根才用bi，如bicarbonate [baiˈkɑ:bənit]）三tri-，tris四tetra-四quadric-五penta-五quinque-六hexa-七hepta-七septi八octa-九nona-十deca-['dɛkə]十一undeca ，hendeca-十二dodeca-十三trideca-十四tetradeca十五pentadeca-十六hexadeca-2十七heptadeca-顺式，cis-同，共syn反式trans有机化合物类名Aliphatic compound 脂肪族化合物[]Hydrocarbon 碳氢化合物[ˌhaɪdrəˈk ɑ:bən] Alkane 烷[]Wax 蜡[]Paraffin wax 石蜡arene 芳烃[]Alkene 烯[]Alkyne 炔[ˈælkain]Acetylide 炔化物[] Active hydrogen compounds 活泼氢化合物acid [ˈæsid]Carbon acid 碳氢酸Super acid 超酸Diene 双烯[ˈdaii:n]Triene 三烯[ˈtraii:n]Allene 丙二烯[ˈæli:n]Propylene丙烯[] cumulene 累积多烯[] Enyne 烯炔[eˈni:n]Diyne 二炔Alkyl halide 卤代烷[ˈælkil ˈhælaid]Alcohol 醇[]Homoallylic alcohol 高烯丙醇Ether 醚[ˈi:θə]Ester 酯[ˈestə]Ketone 酮Aldehyde 醛[ˈældihaid]Epoxide 环氧化物[eˈpɔksaid]Sulfone 砜[ˈsʌlf əun]Sulfoxide 亚砜Sulfonic acid 磺酸Carboxylic acid 羧酸Cellosolve 溶纤剂Crown ether 冠醚Nitro compound 硝基化合物Amine 胺[] Quaternaryammonium compound 季铵化合物[] []Amine oxide 氧化胺Diazoalkane 重氮烷[daɪ,æzəʊ'ælkeɪn] Mercaptan 硫醇[] Aldehyde hydrate 醛水合物Ketone hydrate 酮水合物Hemiacetal 半缩醛[ˌhemiˈæsitæl]3Acetal 缩醛acetal [化]乙缩醛, 乙缩醛二乙醇[ˈæsitæl] Ketal 缩酮[ˈki:tæl]thiazole噻唑[ˈθaiəˌzəul]Dithiane 二噻烷[daiˈθaiən]Aminal 缩醛胺;动物imine 亚胺[]Aldimine 醛亚胺Oxime 肟[]nitroso compound 亚硝基化合物aldoxime 醛肟，乙醛肟[ælˈdɔksi:m] Hydrazone 腙[ˈhaidrəˌzəun]Azine 嗪[ˈæzi:n]Semicarbazone 缩氯基脲Cyanohydrin 羟腈,氰醇[ˌsaiənəuˈhaidrin] Pinacol 频哪醇Enol 烯醇[ˈi:nɔl]Enol ether 烯醇醚Enol ester 烯醇酯[ˈi:nɔl][ˈestə] Enamine 烯胺[iˈnæmin]Ynamine 炔胺Mannich base 曼尼希碱orthoester 原酸酯Acyl halide 酰卤[ˈæsil]Acyl fluoride 酰氟[]Acyl chloride 酰氯Acyl bromide 酰溴Acyl iodide 酰碘[ˈaiədaid]Carbobenzoxy chloride 苄氧甲酰氯Acyl tosylate 酰基对甲苯磺酸酐Ketene 乙烯酮[ˈki:ti:n]Peracid 过酸Perester 过酸酯Acyl peroxide 酰基过氧化物Nitrile 腈[ˈnaitrail]acetonitrile 乙腈[ˌæsitəuˈnaitril]或methyl cyanide [ˈsaɪəˌnaɪd]Nitrile oxide 氧化腈Isonitrile 异腈，异氰化物Amide 酰胺[ˈæmaid]Imide 二酰亚胺[ˈimaid]N-bromo compound N-溴化物Hydrazide 酰肼[]Azide 叠氮化物[ˈæzaid,ˈeizid]Acyl azide 酰基叠氮[ˈæsil][ˈæzaid,ˈeizid] Amidine 脒[ˈæmiˌdi:n]Keto ester 酮酸酯Acyl cyanide 酰腈[ˈæsil][ˈsaɪəˌnaɪd] Carbon suboxide 二氧化三碳Glycidic acid 环氧丙酸Carbammic acid 氨基甲酸Carbamate 氨基甲酸酯[ˈkɑ:bəmeit]Urea 脲，尿素[] Cyanamide 氨腈[saiˈænəmaid] Carbodiimide 碳二亚胺[,kɑ:bədai'imaid] Allophanate 脲基甲酸酯Thioester 硫代酸酯[ˌθaiəuˈestə]Thiol acid 硫羰酸[ˈθaiəu]Lactone 内酯[ˈlæktəun]Lactol 内半缩醛[ˈlæktəl]4Macrolide 大环内酯[ˈmækrəlaid] Amino acid 氨基酸Zwitterion两性离子[ˈtsvitəraiən]Inner salt 内盐Betaine 甜菜碱[ˈbi:təi:n]Lactam 内酰胺[ˈlæktæm]Hydantoin 或glycolylurea 乙内酰脲[haiˈdæntəwin]Hydration水合，水合作用[haɪ'dreʃən] Peptide 肽[ˈpepˌtaɪd]Glycol 乙二醇[]Aldol 羟醛[ˈældəul]Acyloin 偶姻，酮醇[əˈsiləuin]acyloin condensation 酮醇缩合Carbohydrate 碳水化合物Aldose 醛糖[ˈældəus]Ketose 酮糖[ˈki:təus]Furanose 呋喃糖[ˈfjuərəˌnəus] Pyranose 吡喃糖[ˈpaiərənəus] Glycoside 糖苷[ˈɡlaikəˌsaid]Glucoside 葡[萄]糖苷Aglycon 苷元[əˈɡlaikɔn]Saccharide 糖类[ˈsækəraid] Oligosaccharide 寡糖[ˌɔliɡəuˈsækəraid] Polysaccharide 多糖[pɔliˈsækəraid] Alditol 糖醇[ˈælditɔl]Osazone 脎[ˈəusəˌzəun]Alicyclic compound 脂环化合物[æliˈsiklik] Cycloalkane 环烷Cycloalkene 环烯Spirane 螺烷[ˈspaiərein]Cage compound 笼型化合物Propellane 螺桨烷Rotazane 轮烷Catenane 索烃[ˈkætnein]Fused ring 稠环[fju:zd riŋ]化学专业英语词汇常用前后缀-acetal 醛缩醇acetal- 乙酰acid 酸-al 醛alcohol 醇-aldehyde 醛alkali- 碱allyl 丙烯基 'alkoxy- 烷氧基Methoxy甲氧基的-amide 酰胺 []amino- 氨基的[əˈmi:nəʊ, ˈæməˌnəʊ]-amidine 脒[ˈæmiˌdi:n]-amine 胺-ane 烷anhydride 酐[ænˈhaidraid]anilino- 苯胺基[ˈænili:n]aquo- 含水aqueous水的，水成的[ˈeikwiəs] -ase 酶-ate 含氧酸的盐、酯-atriyne 三炔azo- 偶氮[ˈæzəu]azoxy-氧化偶氮-N=N(O)-hydrazo-氢化偶氮-NH-NH-5benzene 苯[ˈbenˌzi:n, benˈzi:n] bi- 在盐类前表示酸式盐bis- 双-borane 硼烷[ˈbəurein]bromo- 溴butyl 丁基 .-carbinol 甲醇carbonyl 羰基-caboxylic acid 羧酸centi- 10-2chloro- 氯代cis- 顺式condensed 缩合的、冷凝的cyclo- 环deca- 十deci 10-1di二-dine 啶dodeca- 十二-ene 烯epi- 表epoxy- 环氧 []-ester 酯-ether 醚ethoxy- 乙氧基[] ethyl 乙基fluoro-或fluor- 氟代-form 仿-glycol 二醇hemi- 半hendeca- 十一hepta- 七heptadeca- 十七hexa- 六hexadeca- 十六-hydrin 醇hydro- 氢或水hydroxyl 羟基hypo- 低级的，次-ic 酸的，高价金属-ide 无氧酸的盐，酰替胺，酐-il 偶酰-imine 亚胺 /iodine 碘[]iodo- 碘代iso- 异，等，同-ite 亚酸盐keto- 酮ketone 酮-lactone 内酯mega- 106meta- 间，偏methoxy- 甲氧基methyl 甲基micro- 10-6milli- 10-3mono- ( mon-) 一，单nano- 10-9nitro- 硝基nitroso- 亚硝基nona- 九nonadeca- 十九octa- 八octadeca- 十八6-oic 酸的-ol 醇9 a$ f! Q, H: [5 n& G-one 酮ortho- 邻，正，原-ous 亚酸的，低价金属oxa- 氧杂-oxide 氧化合物-oxime 肟 []oxo- 酮 []oxy- 氧化 []-oyl 酰para- 对位，仲penta- 五pentadeca- 十五per- 高，过petro- 石油phenol 苯酚[ˈfi:nəl]phenyl 苯基 []pico- 10-12poly- 聚，多quadri- 四quinque- 五semi- 半septi- 七sesqui 一个半sulfa- 磺胺 []sym- 对称syn- 顺式，同，共ter- 三 -tetra- 四tetradeca- 十四tetrakis- 四个thio- 硫代[]trans- 反式，超，跨tri- 三trans- 反式，超，跨tri- 三trideca- 十三tris- 三个undeca- 十一 .Alkylation 烷基化C- alkylation C-烷基化O- alkylation O-烷基化N-alkylation N-烷基化Silylation 硅烷[基]化Exhaustive methylation 彻底甲基化Seco alkylation 断裂烷基化Demethylation 脱甲基化Ethylation 乙基化Arylation 芳基化Acylation 酰化Formylation 甲酰化Carbalkoxylation 烷氧羰基化Carboamidation 氨羰基化Carboxylation 羧基化Amination 氨基化Bisamination 双氨基化Cine substitution 移位取代Transamination 氨基交换Hydroxylation 羟基化acyloxyation 酰氧基化7Decarboxylative nitration 脱羧卤化Allylic halogenation 烯丙型卤化Dehalogenation 脱卤Nitration 硝化Decarboxylative nitration 脱羧硝化Nitrosation 亚硝化Sulfonation 磺化Chlorosulfonation 氯磺酰化Desulfonation 脱磺酸基Sulfenylation 亚磺酰化Sulfonylation 磺酰化Chlorosulfenation 氯亚磺酰化Chlorocarbonylation 氯羰基化Diazotization 重氮化[daiˌæzətaiˈzeiʃən] Diazo transfer 重氮基转移Coupling reaction 偶联反应uni- 单，一unsym- 不对称的，偏位-yl 基-ylene 撑(二价基，价在不同原子上)-yne 炔Diazonium coupling 重氮偶联[ˌdaiəˈzəuniəm]Cross-coupling reaction 交叉偶联反应1,4-addition 1，4-加成C-C Pi-bond C-C π键Conjugate addition 共轭加成[ˈkɔndʒəˌgeɪt] Dimerization 二聚Trimefization 三聚Additive dimerization 加成二聚Sulfurize 使硫化[]sulfurization 硫化Selenylation 硒化Hydroboration 硼氢化[ˈhaidrəuˌbɔ:ˈreiʃən] Oxyamination 羟氨基化Insertion 插入carbonylation 羧基化Hydroformylation 加氢甲酰基化Hydroacylation 加氢酰化Oxo process 羰基合成Decarbonylation 脱羰[di:ˌkɑ:bənəˈleiʃən] Hydrocarboxylation 氢羧基化Homologization 同系化Cyanoethylation 氰乙基化Decyanoethylation 脱氰乙基Ring closure 环合，闭环Diene synthesis 双烯合成Dienophile 亲双烯体Endo addition 内型加成Exo addition 外型加成Diels-Alder reaction 第尔斯-尔德反应Retro Diels-Alder reaction 逆第尔斯-阿尔德反应Ene synthesis 单烯合成Anionic cycloaddition 负离子环加成Dipolar addition 偶极加成Dehydrohalogenation 脱卤化氢Deamination 脱氨基Pyrolytic elimination 热解消除Elimination-addition 消除-加成Decarboxylation 脱羧Decarboxamidation 脱酰胺8Decyanation 脱氰基Alkylolysis,alkyl cleavage 烷基裂解Acylolysis,acyl cleavage 酰基裂解Flash pyrolysis 闪热裂Fragmentation 碎裂Chiletropic reaction 螯键反应Chelation 螯环化Esterification 酯化Transesterification 酯交换Saponification 皂化Alcoholysis 醇解Ethanolysis 乙醇解Cyanomethylation 氰甲基化Aminomethylation 氨甲基化Hydroxymethylation 羟甲基化Hydroxyalkylation 羟烷基化Cholromethylation 氯甲基化Haloalkylation 卤烷基化Transacetalation 缩醛交换Enolization 烯醇化Haloform reaction 卤仿反应Condensation 缩合Aldol condensation 羟醛缩合Cross aldol condensation 交叉羟醛缩合Retrograde aldol condensation 逆羟醛缩合Acyloin condensation 偶姻缩合Cyclization 环化Annulation,annelation 增环反应Spiroannulation 螺增环Autoxidation 自氧化Allylic hydroperoxylation 烯丙型氢过氧化Epoxidation 环氧化Oxonolysis 臭氧解Electrochemical oxidation 电化学氧化Oxidative decarboxylation 氧化脱羧Aromatization 芳构化Catalytic hydrogenation 催化氢化Heterogeneous hydrogenation 多相氢化Homogeneous hydrogenation 均相氢化Catalytic dehydrogenation 催化脱氢Transfer hydrogenation 转移氢化Hydrogenolysis 氢解Dissolving metal reduction 溶解金属还原Single electron transfer 单电子转移Bimolecular reduction 双分子还原Electrochemical reduction 电化学还原Reductive alkylation 还原烷基化Reductive acylation 还原酰化Reductive dimerization 还原二聚Deoxygenation 脱氧Desulfurization 脱硫Deselenization 脱硒Mitallation 金属化Lithiation 锂化Hydrometallation 氢金属化Mercuration 汞化Oxymercuration 羟汞化Aminomercuration 氨汞化Abstraction 夺取[反应]Internal abstraction 内夺取[反应] Rearrangement 重排Prototropic rearrangement 质了转移重排Double bond migration 双键移位Allylic migration 烯丙型重排Allylic migration 烯丙型迁移Ring contraction 环缩小[反应]Ring expansion,ring enlargement 扩环[反应] -ketol rearrangement -酮醇重排Pinacol rearrangement 频哪醇重排Retropinacol rearrangement 逆频哪醇重排Semipinacol rearrangement 半频哪醇重排Benzilic rearrangement 二苯乙醇酸重排Acyl rearrangement 酰基重排Migratory aptitude 迁移倾向Transannular insertion 跨环插入Transannular rearrangement 跨环重排Migration 迁移Prototropy 质子转移Cationotropic rearrangement 正离子转移重排Anionotropy 负离子转移Anionotropic rearrangement 负离子转移重Sigmatropic rearrangement -迁移重排Homosigmatropic rearrangement 同迁移重排Electrophilic rearrangement 亲电重排Photosensitization 光敏化Forbidden transition 禁阻跃迁photooxidation 光氧化Photoisomerization 光异构化Photochemical rearrangement 光化学重排Angular methyl group 角甲基Alkylidene group 亚烷基[ælˈkiləˌdi:n]Methylene 亚甲基[ˈmeθili:n]Allyl group 烯丙基Allylic 烯丙型[的] [ˈæləˌlik]Phenyl group 苯基[ˈfenəl,ˈfi:nəl,ˈfi:nil]Aryl group 芳基Benzyl group 苄基Benzylic 苄型[的]Activating group 活化基团Chromophore 生色团[ˈkrəuməfɔ:] Auxochrome 助色团[ˈɔ:ksəkrəum] Magnetically anisotropic group 磁各向异性基团[əˌnaisəuˈtrɔpik]Smally ring 小环Common ring 普通环Medium ring 中环[ˈmi:djəm]Large ring 大环Bridged-ring system 桥环体系Spiro compound 螺环化合物Helical molecule 螺旋型分子Octahedral compound 八面体化合物Conjugation 共轭[]Conjugated-system 共轭体系Acyl cation 酰[基]正离子Benzylic cation 苄[基]正离子[ˈkætaiən] Arenium ion 芳[基]正离子或aryl cation Ketyl radical 羰自由基Radical ion 自由基离子[ˈaiən]Radical cation 自由基正离子Radical anion 自由基负离子[ˈænaiən] Isomerism 异构[现象]Acid form 酸式Fluxional structure 循变结构Stereochemistry 立体化学Optical activity 光学活性，旋光性Dextro isomer 右旋异构体[]Laevo isomer 左旋异构体[] Tetrahedral configuration 四面体构型Stereoisomerism 立体异构[现象] Asymmetric atom 不对称原子Asymmetric carbon 不对称碳Pseudoasymmetric carbon 假不对称碳10Phantom atom 虚拟原子[]Homotopic 等位[的]Heterotopic 异位[的]Enantiotopic 对映[异构体]的Diastereotopic 非对映异构体[的] [ˌdaiəstiəri əˈtɔpik]Configuration 构型[kənˌfiɡjuˈreiʃən] Absolute configuration 绝对构型Chirality 手性Chiral 手性[的] [英] [ˈtʃirəl][美] [ˈkaɪrəl] Chiral center 手性中心Chiral molecule 手性分子Achiral 非手性[的] [ei'kairəl]Fischer projection 费歇尔投影式Neoman projection 纽曼投影式D-L system of nomenclature D-L命名体系R-S syytem of nomenclature R-S命名体系Cahn-Ingold-Prelon sequence 顺序规则Symmetry factor 对称因素Plane of symmetry 对称面Mirror symmetry 镜面对称Enantiomer 对映[异构]体[]Diastereomer 非对映[异构]体[]Epimer 差向异构体[] Anomer 端基[差向]异构体Erythro configuration 赤型构型Erythro isomer 赤型异构体Threo configuration 苏型构型Threo isomer 苏型异构体Trigonal carbon 三角型碳Cis-trans isomerism 顺反异构E isomer E异构体Z isomer Z异构体Endo isomer 内型异构体Exo isomer 外型异构体Prochirality 前手性Pro-R group 前R基团Pro-S proup 前S基团Re face Re 面Si face Si 面Racemic mixture 外消旋混合物[]Racemic compound 外消旋化合物Racemic solid solution 外消旋固体溶液Meso compound 内消旋化合物Quasi recemate 准外消旋体[ˈkwɑ:zi(:),ˈkweis ai]Conformation 构象Conformational 构象的Torsion angle 扭转角Rotamer 旋转异构体Anti conformation 反式构象Bisecting conformation 等分构象Anti periplanar conformation 反叠构象Synperiplanar conformation 顺叠构象Synclinal conformation 反错构象Synclinal conformation 顺错构象Eclipsed conformation 重叠构象Gauche conformation, skew con-formation 邻位交叉构象Staggered conformation 对位交叉构象11Steric effect 空间效应[ˈstiərik,ˈsterik] Steric hindrance 位阻Atropismer 阻转异构体Puckered ring 折叠环Conformational inversion 构象反转Chair conformation 椅型构象Boat conformation 船型构象Twist conformation 扭型构象Skew boat conformation 扭船型构象Half-chair conformation 半椅型构象Pseudorotation 假旋转Envelope conformation 信封[型]构象Axial bond 直[立]键[ˈæksi:əl] Equatorial bond 平[伏]键[ˌi:kwəˈtɔ:ri:əl, -ˈtəʊr-, ˌekwə-] Cisoid conformation 顺向构象Transoid conformation 反向构象Retention of configuration 构型保持Regioselectivity 区域选择性Regiospecificity 区域专一性Stereocelectivity 立体选择性Stereospecificty 立体专一性Conformer 构象异构体Conformational effect 构象效应Cram’s rube 克拉姆规则Prelog’rule普雷洛格规则Stereochemical orientation 立体[化学]取向Conformational transmission 构象传递Homolog 同系物Ipso position 本位Ortho position 邻位Meta position 间位Para position 对位Amphi position 远位Peri position 近位Trigonal hybridization 三角杂化Molecular orbiral method 分子轨道法Valence bond method 价键法Delocalezed bond 离域键Cross conjugation 交叉共轭Vinylog 插烯物Mesomeric effect 中介效应Resonance 共振[ˈrezənəns]Resonance effect 共振效应Hyperconjugation 超共轭Isovalent hyperconjugation 等价超共轭No-bond resonance 无键共振Aromaticity 芳香性Aromatic sexter 芳香六隅Huckel’rule休克尔规则Paramagnetic ring current 顺磁环电流Diamagnetic ring cruuent 抗磁环电流Homoaromaticity 同芳香性Antiaromaticity 反芳香性Alternant hydrocarbon 交替烃Non-alternant hydrocarbon 非交替烷Pericyclic reaction 周环反应Electrocyclic rearrangement 电环[化]重排Conrotatory 顺旋Disroatatory 对旋Cycloaddition 环加成Symmetry forbidden-reaction 对称禁阻反应Synfacial reaction 同面反应Antarafacial reaction 异面反应Mobius system 默比乌斯体系Leois structure 路易斯结构Coordinate-covalent bond 配位共价键Banana bond 香蕉键Pauling electronegativity scale 鲍林电负性标度Polarizability 可极化性Inductive effect 诱导效应Field effect 场效应Electrical effect 电场效应tautomerism 互变异构Tautomerization 互变异构化Keto-enol tautomerism 酮-烯醇互变异构Phenol-keto tautomerism 酚-酮互变异构Imine-enamine atutomerism 亚胺-烯胺互变异构Ring-chain tautomerism 环-链互变异构Valence tautomerism 价互变异构Ambident 两可[的]Solvent effect 溶剂效应Acid-base catalyxed reaction 酸性溶剂Basic solvent 碱性溶剂Dielectric constant 介电常数Solvated electron 溶剂化电子Acid-base catalyzed reaction 酸碱催化反应Conjugate base 共轭酸Conjugate base 共轭碱Therm odynamic acidity 热力学酸度Kinetic acidity 动力学酸度Electron donof-acceptor complex,EDAcomplex 电子给[体]受体络合物Host 主体Guest 客体Primary isotope effect 一级同位素效应Secondary isotope effect 二级同位数效应Inverse isotope effect 逆同位素效应Kinetic control 动力学控制Thermodynamic control 热力学控制Substrate 底物Intermediate 中间体Reactive intermediate 活泼中间体Microscopic reversibility 微观可逆性Hammond postulate 哈蒙德假说Linear free energy 线性自由能Non-bonded interaction 非键相互作用Torsional effect 扭转效应Pitzer strain 皮策张力Restricted rotation 阻碍旋转Eclipsing effect 重叠效应Eclipsing strain 重叠张力Small-angle strain 小角张力Large angle strain 大角张力Transannular interaction 跨环相互作用Transannular strain 跨环张力I strain 内张力F strain 前张力B strain 后张力Anomeric effect 端基异构效应Walden inversion 瓦尔登反转Racemization 外消旋化Isoinversion 等反转Isoracemization 等消旋Homochiral 纯手性[的]Mechanism 机理Unimolecular nucleophilic 单分子亲核取代Bimolecular nucleophilic sub-stitution 双分子亲核取代Bimolecular nucleophilic substi-tution(with allyl ic rearrange-ment) 双分子亲核取代（含烯丙型重排）Internal nucleophilic substiru-tion 分子内亲核取代Aromatic nucleophilic substitu-tion 芳香亲核取代Unimolecular electrophilic sub-stitution 单分子亲电取代Bimolecular electrophilic substi-tution 双分子亲电取代Nucleophile-assisted unimolecu-lar electrophilic substitution 亲核体协助单分子亲电取代Unimolecular elimination 单分子消除Bimolecular elimination 双分子消除Unimolecular elimination through the conjugate base 单分子共轭碱消除Bimolecular elimination through the conjugate b ase 双分子共轭碱消除Bimolecular elimination with for-mation of a car bonyl group 双分子羰基形成消除Unimolecular acid-catalyzed acyl-oxygen cleava ge 单分子酸催化酰氧断裂Bimolecular base-catalyzed acyl-oxygen cleavag e 双分子碱催化酰氧断裂Unimolecular acid-catalyzed alkyl-oxygen cleav age 单分子酸催化烷氧断裂Bimllecular base-catalyzed alkyl-oxygen cleavag e 双分子碱催化烷氧断裂π-allyl complex mechanism π烯丙型络合机理Borderline mechanism 边理机理Homolysis 均裂Heterolysis 异裂Heterolytic michanism 异裂机理Counrer[gegen]ion 反荷离子Ion pair 离子对Carbocation 碳正离子[ˌkɑ:bəˈkeiʃən] Nonclassical carbocation 非经典碳正离子Carbanion 碳负离子[ˈkɑ:bənaiən]Masked carbanion 掩蔽碳负离子Carbenoid 卡宾体Carbene 卡宾[]Nitrene 氮宾[a] Carbine 碳炔[] Electrophilic addition 亲电加成Electrophile 亲电体Diaxial addition 双直键加成Markovnikov’s rube 马尔科夫尼科规则Anti-Markovnikov addition 反马氏加成Michael addition 迈克尔加成Substitution 取代Electrophilic substitution 亲电取代Addition-elimination mechanism 加成消除机理[ˈmekənizəm]Electrophilic aromatic substitu-tion 亲电芳香取代Electron transfer 电子转移Electron-donating group 给电子基团Electron-Withdrawing group 吸电子基团Deactivating group 钝化基团Orinentation 取向Ortho-para directing group 邻对位定位基Meta directing group 间位定位基Ortho effect 邻位效应Partial rate factor 分速度系数Nucleophilic reaction 亲核反应Internal return 内返Nucleophilicity 亲核体Nucleophilicity 亲核性α-effect α-效应Backside attack 背面进攻Inversion 反转Umbrella effect 伞效应Push-pull effect 推拉效应Leaving group 离去基团Electrofuge 离电体Nucleofuge 离核体14Phase-transfer catalysis 相转移催化Neighboring group participation 邻基基参与Neighboring proup assistance,anchimeric assista nce 邻助作用Neighboring group effect 邻基效应Apofacial reaction 反面反应Briddgehead displacement 桥头取代Aryl action 芳正离子Benzyne 苯炔Zaitsev rule 札依采夫规则Anti-Zaitsev orientation 反札依采夫定向Hofmann’s rule 霍夫曼规则Bredt rule 布雷特规则Initiation 引发Anionic cleavage 负离子裂解Partial bond fixation 键[的]部分固定化exothermic发热的，放出热量的[ˌeksəuˈθə:mik]各种反应类型Halogenations reaction卤化反应Hydrogenation reaction氢化反应Alkylation reaction烷基化（烃化）反应Hydrocarbylation 烃基化反应Oxidation and reduction reaction氧化还原反Reductive amination还原胺化反应Cross-coupling reaction交叉耦合反应Cycloaddition reaction环加成反应Rearrangement reaction重排反应Acylation reaction酰化反应Acetylization reaction乙酰化反应Amide reaction酰胺反应Sulfonylation磺酰化反应Nitration reaction硝化反应Esterification酯化反应Anhydride reaction酸酐反应Oximation reaction肟化反应Coupled（或coupling）reaction偶联反应1,3-dipolar cycloaddition 1,3-偶极环加成Pericyclic reaction周环反应Hydrolysis reaction 水解反应Ester hydrolysis 酯水解反应Hydrolytic-polymeric reaction水解聚合反应Dehydrogenation reaction脱氢反应Dehydrohalogenation reaction 脱卤化氢反应Dehydration reaction脱水反应Decarboxylation reaction脱羧反应Addition reaction加成反应Substitution reaction取代反应Cracking reaction 裂化反应Elimination reaction消除反应And metal response reaction与活泼金属反应Phase transfer catalytic reaction相转移催化反应Acid-base catalyzed reaction酸碱催化反应Polymerization reaction聚合反应Polycondensation reaction缩聚反应Condensation reaction 缩合反应Silver mirror reaction银镜反应Nucleophilic reaction亲核反应Electrophilic reaction亲电反应Nucleophilic cycloaddition reaction亲核环加成反应Nucleophilic substitution亲核取代反应Electrophilic substitution亲电取代反应Unimolecular electrophilic substitution单分子亲电取代反应Bimolecular electrophilic substitution双分子亲电取代反应Unimolecular elimination reaction单分子消除反应Bimolecular elimination reaction双分子消除反应Unimolecular nucleophilic substitution单分子亲核取代Bimolecular nucleophilic substitution双分子亲核取代反应Internal nucleophilic substitution分子内亲核取代Aromatic nucleophilic substitution reaction芳香亲核取代反应活化剂的中英文名称Bis(2-ethylhexyl) sebacate （癸二酸二仲辛酯；癸二酸二2-乙基己酯）Zinc stearate （硬脂酸锌）Suberic acid （辛二酸）Adipic acid, （己二酸）Hexanedioic acid, （己二酸）Sebacic acid, dibutyl ester （癸二酸二丁酯）Abietic acid （松香酸）Lactic acid （乳酸）Poly(ethylene glycol) （聚乙二醇）Glycerol stearate （硬脂酸甘油酯）Imidazoline （咪唑啉，间二氮杂环戊烯）β-Pinene （β-蒎烯，β-松油二环烯）Adipic acid （脂肪酸）Butyl acetate （乙酸丁酯）Ethylene glycol butyl ether （乙二醇丁醚）Sebacic acid, （癸二酸）Decanedioic acid, （癸二酸）Ethylene glycol ethyl ether （乙二醇乙醚）2-Butenedioic acid (E)-, （2-丁烯二酸）Succinic acid, （琥珀酸，丁二酸）Ethylene glycol methyl ether （乙二醇甲醚）Acetyl acetate （乙酸乙酰脂）1H-Benzotriazole （1-H-笨并三唑）α-Pinene （α-蒎烯,α-松香二环烯）Salicylic acid (水杨酸)Iso-Propanol (异丙醇) Ethanol (乙醇)Lysine (赖氨酸)Glutamic acid (谷氨酸,2-氨基戊二酸) Glyceroyl, （甘油酰）N,N,N',N'-Tetrakis-(2-hydroxypropyl)-ethylene-diamine（N，N，N，N-四（2-羟基丙基）乙烯二氨）Isoleucine, （异亮氨酸）Decamethylenedicarboxylic acid, disalicyloylhy drazide （Tris(2,3-dibromopropyl)isocyanurate（3（2，3-2溴丙基）异氰尿酸盐）3-(N-Salicyloyl)amino-1,2,4-triazole （3-（N-水杨酰）氨-1，2，4-三唑）Isocyanuric acid （异氰尿酸）Salicylamide （水杨酰胺）Polyethylene glycol （聚乙二醇）Diethylene glycol diethyl ether （二甘醇二乙醚，（一缩）二乙二醇二乙醚）Butyl carbitol （丁基卡必醇）Ethyl carbitol （乙基卡必醇）Methyl carbitol （甲基卡必醇）Ethylene glycol monobutyl ether （乙二醇单丁醚）Glutaric acid （戊二酸，谷酸）Succinic acid （琥珀酸，丁二酸）Citric acid （柠檬酸）Salicylic acid （水杨酸）Lactic acid （2-羟基丙酸，乳酸）Glycerin monostearate （甘油一硬脂酸）Pentaerythritol （季戊四醇）tetrakis[β-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-phenyl)pr opionate] 四[β-（3，5-二叔丁基-4-羟基-苯基）丙酸酯Dioctyl sebacate （癸二酸二辛酯）N-Methyl pyrrolidone, （N-甲基吡咯烷酮）Diethylene glycol ethyl ether （二甘醇乙醚）Propylene glycol （丙二醇）Octanedioic acid （辛二酸）Oleamide （油酸酰胺）[olamine 乙醇胺]2-Mercapto benzothiazole （2-巯基-苯并噻唑）Nonanedioic acid, （壬二酸）cis-9-Octadecenoic acid, （顺式-9-十八炭烯酸，油酸）Sebacic acid, uses （癸二酸）12-Hydroxy stearic acid （十二羟基硬脂酸）Phthalic acid （苯二甲酸）1,1,3-Tris(2-methyl-4-hydroxy-5-tert-butylpheny l)butane（1，1，3-三（2-甲基-4-羟基-5-叔丁基苯基）丁烷）1,3,5-Trimethyl-2,4,6-tris(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hyd roxybenzyl)benzene（1，3，5-三甲基-2，4，6-三（3，5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基）苯）1-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone, （1-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮）Carbonic acid, （碳酸）Phthalic acid, （苯二甲酸）Malic acid （苹果酸,羟基丁二酸）2,3-Dibromo-2-butene-1,4-diol （2，3-二溴-2-丙烯-1，4-二醇）Cetylpyridinium bromide （溴代十六烷基吡啶）Pentanedioic acid （戊二酸） pentanediol (戊二醇)pentanoic acid ( 戊酸) pentanol (戊醇) Butanedioic acid, （丁二酸）1,2-Dibromoethylbenzene （1，2-二溴乙基苯）Salicylic acid, （水杨酸）Stearic acid （硬脂酸）Pentanedioic acid （戊二酸）Maleic acid, （马来酸，失水苹果酸）Phthalic acid, （苯二甲酸）Tartaric acid, （酒石酸）Acetic acid, （乙酸）Polyoxyethylene octylphenol ether （聚氧乙烯辛基酚醚，聚氧化亚乙基辛基分醚）Ethanedioic acid, （乙二酸）Polyethylene glycol （聚乙二醇）Diethylene glycol butyl ether （二甘醇丁醚）Diethylene glycol monoethyl ether （二甘醇单乙醚）Ethylene glycol monobutyl ether （乙二醇单丁醚）Pentaerythritol, （季戊四醇）Diglycol, （二甘醇，一缩二乙二醇）Hexylene glycol （己二醇）Ethylene glycol, （乙二醇）Glycerol, （甘油,丙三醇）Cyclobutanediamine （环丁烷二胺）Dibromobutenediol （二溴丁二醇）Cyclohexanediamine （环己烷二胺）Succinamide （琥珀酰胺，丁二酸胺）Ethylenediamine, （乙二胺）Triethanolamine, （三乙醇胺）5-Aminoisophthalic acid （5-氨基间苯二甲酸）p-tert-Butylbenzoic acid （对叔丁基苯甲酸）Propionic acid, （丙酸）Benzoic acid, （安息香酸, 苯(甲)酸）Salicylamide （水杨酰胺）Aniline, （苯胺）Palmitic acid, （棕榈酸, 十六酸, 软脂酸）Glutamic acid, （谷氨酸） Glutaric acid (谷酸，戊二酸)Glycine, （甘氨酸，氨基乙酸）Malic acid （苹果酸,羟基丁二酸）Adipic acid, （己二酸）Diethanolamine （二乙醇胺）Triethylamine, （三乙胺）Malic acid （苹果酸）Oxalic acid, （草酸）Oleic acid, （油酸）Glutaric acid (谷氨酸)Sorbic acid （山梨酸） sorbic alcohol (山梨醇)=sorbit Reactant 反应物nProduct 产物nCatalyst 催化剂catalytic agent，catalyzer Degree Celsius摄氏度Sodium Borohydride硼氢化钠Lithium Aluminum Hydride (LAH)氢化铝锂Lithiumtrit-ButoxyaluminohydrideLiAlH(O t-C4H9)3叔丁氧基氢化铝锂Diisobutylaluminum Hydride AlH[CH2CH(CH3)2]2二异丙基氢化铝Diborane B2H6硼烷Reactive Metals 活泼金属如 Na, or Li, or K ，Mg or Al or Zn or FePotassium carbonate碳酸钾Sodium carbonate 碳酸钠Sodium bicarbonate 碳酸氢钠[]Sodium chloride氯化钠Sodium acetate 乙酸钠Sodium cyanide[ˈsaɪəˌnaɪd]氰化钠Sodium methoxide或Sodium methylate甲醇钠，甲氧基钠Sodium ethoxide[ˈsəʊdi:əm i:ˈθɔksaid]或Sodium ethylate[ˈsəʊdi:əm ˈeθileit]乙醇钠Sodium sulfate 硫酸钠Magnesium sulfate [mægˈni:zi:əm ]硫酸镁Acetic acid乙酸Formic acid甲酸Ammonium format甲酸铵Formamide[fɔ:ˈmæmid]或formyl amide 甲酰胺formaldehyde 甲醛[f ɔ:ˈmældəˌha ɪd]Methyl iodide碘甲烷Potassium iodide碘化钾[]Potassium chloride氯化钾Potassium cyanide[ˈsaɪəˌnaɪd]氰化钾Dimethyl sulfate硫酸二甲酯Palladium –carbon 钯碳Pd/C [pəˈleidiəm] Palladium chloride氯化钯Palladium diacetate醋酸钯Chloroacetone 氯丙酮Tetrabutyl ammonium bromide四丁基溴化铵Tetrabutyl ammonium fluoride四丁基氟化铵容器类：量杯measuring cup烧杯beaker 不锈钢杯stainless-steel beaker量筒measuring flask/measuring cylinder 量筒graduated flask/measuring cylinder坩埚crucible 坩埚钳crucible clamp 坩埚crucible pot, melting pot试管test tube 试管架test tube holder漏斗funnel 分液漏斗separatory funnel烧瓶flask 锥形瓶conical flask塞子stopper洗瓶plastic wash bottle滴定管burette玻璃活塞stopcock冷凝器condenser试剂瓶reagent bottles玻棒glass rod 搅拌棒stirring rod蒸馏烧瓶distilling flask碘量瓶iodine flask表面皿watch glass蒸发皿evaporating dish容量瓶volumetric flask/measuring flask移液管(one-mark) pipette刻度移液管graduated pipettes20称量瓶weighing bottle吸液管pipette滤管filter天平balance/scale分析天平analytical balance台秤platform balance游码crossbeams and sliding weights酒精灯alcohol burner酒精喷灯blast alcohol burner搅拌装置stirring device洗耳球rubber suction bulb研磨钵mortar 研磨棒pestle 玛瑙研钵agate mortar瓷器porcelain白细口瓶flint glass solution bottle with stopper 滴瓶dropping bottle 小滴管dropper蒸馏装置distilling apparatus蒸发器evaporator试验用器材：升降台lab jack铁架台iron support万能夹extension clamp蝴蝶夹double-buret clamp双顶丝clamp regular holder止水夹flatjaw pinchcock圆形漏斗架cast-iron ring移液管架pipet rack试管架tube rack沸石boiling stone橡胶管rubber tubing药匙lab spoon镊子forceps坩埚钳crucible tong剪刀scissor 打孔器stopper borer石棉网asbestos-free wire gauze电炉丝wire coil for heater脱脂棉absorbent cottonphph试纸universal ph indicator paper滤纸filter paper称量纸weighing paper擦镜纸wiper for lens秒表stopwatch量杯glass graduates with scale白滴定管（酸）flint glass burette with glass stopcock棕色滴定管（酸）brown glass burette with glass stopcock白滴定管（碱）flint glass burette for alkali棕色滴定管（碱）brown glass burette for alkali 比重瓶specific gravity bottle水银温度计mercury-filled thermometerph计ph meter折光仪refractometer真空泵vacuum pump冷、热浴bath离心机centrifuge口罩respirator防毒面具respirator、gasmask磁力搅拌器magnetic stirrer电动搅拌器power basic stirrer烘箱oven闪点仪flash point tester马弗炉furnace电炉heater微波炉电热套heating mantleBunsen burner 本生灯product 化学反应产物apparatus 设备。
有机化学专业词汇-英语
有机化学专业词汇Route ［`raut]【路线】Strategy ［’strætidʒi]【策略】Rearrangement ［ˏri：ә'reindʒmәnt］【重排】Asymmetric ['eisi'metrik］【不对称】Migration ［mai'greiʃәn］【迁移】Mechanism [’mekәnizәm]【机理】Substrate ［’sʌbstreit］【底物、培养基】Synthesis ［’sinθisis］【合成】Labile ［’leibail]【不稳定的】Azeotropic [әˏzi:ә’trɔpik］【共沸的】Scheme [ski：m］【图示】Derivative [di’rivәtiv]【衍生物】Analogous ［ә'nælәgәs］【类似物】Primary ［'praimәri］【伯—】Secondary ['sekәndәri]【仲-】Tertiary ['tә:ʃәri］【叔-】Functional ［'fʌŋkʃәnl] group【官能团】Catalyst ［`kætәlist] 【催化剂】Catalysis ［kә`tælisis］【催化（作用)】Catalytical ［kætә`litikәl] 【催化的】Hydrogenolysis [ˏhaidrәudʒә'nɔlәsis］【氢化】Hydrogenous [hai’drɔdʒinәs] 【含氢的】pericyclic ［peri’saiklik］ reaction【周环反应】transition ［træn'ziʒәn］ state 【过渡态】homolysis ［hɔ'mɔlisis］【均裂】heterolysis ［ˏhetә'rɔlisis] 【异裂】homogeneous ［ˏhɔmәu'dʒi:njәs]【均相的】heterogeneous ［ˏhetәrәu'dʒi:niәs] 【非均相的】Steric ［’sterik] hindrance[`hindrәns] 【立体位阻】Lipophilic ［ˏlipә`filik] 【亲脂性的】chiral [`kairәl］【手性的】electrophile [i`lektrәfail］【亲电试剂】nucleophilic [ˏnju：kliәu'filik］【亲核的】hydrolysis ［hai`drɔlisis] 【水解(作用）】acidolysis [ˏæsi`dɔlisis] 【酸解（作用）】displacement [dis’pleismәnt］【取代】formalin ['fɔ:mәlin］【甲醛溶液】dilute [dai'lju:t］【稀释】dehydrate ［di:'haidreit] 【脱水】dilation [dai’leiʃәn］【膨胀】saponification [sәpɔnifi’keiʃәn］【皂化】emulsification [iˏmʌlsifi'keiʃәn] 【乳化】reactant [ri：’æktәnt］【反应物】adduct [ә'dʌkt］【加合物】dissolve ［di'zɔlv]【溶解】degradation ［ˏdegrә'deiʃәn］【降解】mild ［maild］【（反应)温和的】harsh ［hɑ:ʃ］【(反应）苛刻的】racemic ［rә’si:mik]【消旋的】substituent [sʌb'stitjuәnt]【取代基】conjugation ［ˏkɔndʒu'geiʃәn]【偶和】equivalent [i'kwivәlәnt]【当量的】volatile ［’vɔlәtail］【易挥发的】susceptible ［sә'septәbl］【易受影响的】in large scale【大量】protease ［’prәutieis]【蛋白酶】side chain【侧链】Impuritiy [im'pjuәriti]【杂质】Component [kәm'pәunәnt］【组分】Tare ［tєә］【去皮】Syringe ['sirindʒ]【注射器】Concentrate ［’kɔnsentreit]【浓缩】Aqueous ［’eikwiәs］【水相（的）】Methodology [meθә'dɔlәdʒi］【方法学】Precursor [pri(:)'kә:sә] 【前体】Separation [sepә'reiʃәn]【分离】Purification ［ˏpjuәrifi'keiʃәn］【纯化】Recrystallization [’rikristәlai'zeiʃәn］【重结晶】Crystalline ［’kristәlain]【晶体】Distillation ［ˏdisti'leiʃәn］【蒸馏】Sublimation [ˏsʌbli'meiʃәn］【升华】Microwave ［'maikrәuweiv］【微波】Infrared ['infrә’red]【红外】ultraviolet [’ʌltrә’vaiәlit］ active【紫外显色】isotope ［'aisәutәup］【同位素】isomer ['aisɔmә］【同分异构体】Isomerization [aiˏsɔmәrai'zeiʃәn]【异构化】Transformation [ˏtrænsfә'meiʃәn］【转化】Stability ［stә’biliti]【稳定性】Poisoned ［’pɔiznd]【中毒的】Filter ［'filtә］【过滤器】Filtration ［fil'treiʃәn]【过滤】Filtrate ［'filtreit]【滤液】Filter Cake【滤饼】Eluent [’eljuәnt]【淋洗液】Thin—layer-chromatography ［ˏkrәumә'tɔgrәfi］ TLC【薄层色谱】Preparative ［pri'pærәtiv］ TLC【制备薄层色谱】HPLC【高效液相色谱】LC—MS【液质联用仪】Protic ［’prәutik］【质子的】Aprotic[ә'prәutik］【非质子的】Decompose ［ˏdi:kәm'pәuz]【分解】Removal [ri'mu：vәl］【除去】Reduced [ri’dju：st］ pressure 【减压】Vacuum ['vækjuәm] 【真空】Elimination ［iˏlimi’neiʃәn］【消除】Addition ［ә'diʃәn]【添加、加成】Ligand ['laigәnd］【配体】Stopper ['stɔpә]【塞子】Separatory/ addition/ Büchner funnel ['fʌnәl]【分液/加料/布什】column chromatography【柱层析】Run column【用柱层析分离】Stopcock ['stɔpkɔk] 【旋塞阀】Condenser [kәn'densә]【冷凝管】Chamber ['tʃeimbә]【（薄层用）展缸】Bench ［bentʃ] 【实验台】Hood [hud］【通风橱】Rotavapor [ˏrәutә'veipә］【旋蒸】Evaporation [iˏvæpә'reiʃәn] 【蒸发】vacuum hose ［hәuz]【真空管】silicon ［’silikәn] oil bath 【（硅）油浴】sink ［siŋk］【水槽】neutralize ［'nju:trәlaiz] 【中和】stir bar 【搅拌子】Dry ice trap【干冰冷阱】Glovebox ［glʌvә’bɔks]【手套箱】vacuum pump ［pʌmp]【真空泵】spatula ［’spætjulә］【刮刀】miscible ［'misibl］【混溶的】Quench ［kwentʃ]【淬灭】Purging [’pә：dʒiŋ]【鼓气】Titration [tai’treiʃәn]【滴定】Trituration [tritju’reiʃәn]【研磨】Dessicator ['desikeitә:］【干燥剂】Hygroscopic [ˏhaigrәu’skɔpik] 【吸湿的】Lachrymator [’lækriˏmeitә]【催泪剂】DI （de-ion) water【去离子水】Stoichiometric [ˏstɔikiәuˋmєtrik] 【化学量的】Volumetric [vɔlju’metrik］【测体积的】Weighing ［'weiiŋ］ paper【称量纸】Mechanical ［mi’kænikl] stirring apparatus ［ˏæpә’reitәs]【机械搅拌装置】heating mental ['mentl］【加热套】Eclipse [i’klips] 【使失色】Anomeric ［’ænәˏmerik] Effect 【端基异构效应】Equatorial [ˏekwә’tɔ：riәl]【平伏（键）的】Axial ［’æksiәl］【直立（键）的】Gauche ［gәuʃ] 【构象】Thermodynamic ［'θә：mәudai’næmik]【热力学的】Kinetic ［kai’netik］【动力学的】Enantioselective ［eˏnæntiәsi’lektiv］【对映选择性的】Diastereotopic ［ˏdaiәstiәriә'tɔpik] 【非对映的】Chemoselectivity 【化学选择性】。
有机化学术语(中英文对照)资料
1.有机化合物的官能团和重要的基团官能团 functional group双键 double bond三键 triple bond烃基 hydroxyl group琉基 mercapto硫轻基 sulfhydryl group羰基 carbonyl group氨基 amino group亚氨基 imino group硝基 nitro group亚硝基 nitroso group氰基 cyano group羧基 carboxyl group磺基 sulpho group烷基 alkyl group苯基 phenyl group卡基 benzyl group芳基 aryl group烯基 allyl group烷氧基 alkoxyl group酰基 acyl group活性亚甲基 active methylene group2.有机化合物的类型烃 hydrocarbon石蜡 paraffin脂肪烃 aliphatic hydrocarbon烷烃 alkane烯烃 alkene炔烃 alkyne共扼二烯烃 conjugated diene脂环烃 alicyclic hydrocarbon螺环化合物 spiro compound桥环化合物 bridged ring compound芳烃 aromatic hydrocarbon非苯芳烃 nonbenzenoid aromatic hydrocarbon 稠环芳烃 condensed aromatics卤代烃 halohydrocarbon醇 alcohol酚 phenol醚 ether环氧化合物 epoxide冠醚 crown ether硫醇 thiol硫酚 thiophenol硫醚 sulfide二硫化物 disulfide亚磺酸 sulfinic acid磺酸 sulfonic acid亚砜 sulfoxide砜 sulfone醛 aldehyde酮 ketone半缩醛 hemiacetaI半缩酮 hemiketal缩醛 acetal缩酮 ketal西佛碱 shiff's base肟 oxime腙 hydrozone缩氨脲 semicarbazoneα,β-不饱和酮α,β--unsaturated ketone 醌 quinone羧酸 carboxylic acid酰卤 acid halide酸酐 acid anhydride酯 ester酰胺 amide內酯 lactone内酰胺 lactam月青 nitrile取代酸 substituted acid羟基酸 hydroxy acid醇酸 alcoholic acid酚酸 phenolic acid酮酸 keto acidB-酮酸酯 B-ketone ester乙酰乙酸乙醋 ethyl acetoacetate亚硝基化合物 nitroso compound硝基化合物 njtro compound亚胺 imine胺 amine伯胺 primary amine仲胺 secondary amine叔胺 tertiary amine季铵盐 quaternary ammonium salt季铵碱 quaternary ammonium hydroxide 重氮盐 diazonium salt偶氮化合物 azo compound胍 guanidine氨基酸 amino acid磷 phosphine磷酸酯 phosphate亚磷酸酯 phosphite膦酸酯 phosphonate膦酸 phosphonic acid3.杂环化合物吡咯 pyrrol呋喃 furane噻吩 thiophone吲哚 indole卟吩 porphine咪唑 imidazole噻唑 thioazole吡啶 pyridine喹啉 quinoline异喹啉 isoquinoline吡喃鎓盐 pyrylium salts黄酮 flavone嘧啶 pirimidine嘌呤 purine4.有机天然产物肽 peptide多肽 polypeptide核酸 nucleic acid核苷 nucleoside核苷酸 nucleotide生物碱 alkaloid碳水化合物 carbohydrate单糖 monosaccharide醛糖 aldoses酮糖 ketosesD-核糖 riboseD-2-脱氧核糖 deoxyribose葡萄糖 glucose果糖 fructose糖脎 osazone糖苷 glucoside低聚糖 oligosaccharide麦芽糖 maltose蔗糖 sucrose纤维二糖 cellobiose环糊精 cyclodextrin多糖 polysaccharide淀粉 starch纤维素 cellulose类脂 lipid萜类化合物 terpenoid甾族化合物 steroid脂肪 fat油 oil脂肪酸 fatty acid甘油三羧酸酯 triglyceride磷脂 phospholipid磷脂酸 phosphalidic acid蜡 wax5.有机化合物的结构理论价键理论 valence-bond theory分子轨道理论 molecular orbital theory 共振论 resonance theory凯库勒式 Kekule formula路易斯式 Lewis formulaσ键σ bondπ键π bond键能 bond energy键角 bond angle键长 bond Iength成键轨道 bonding orbital反键轨道 antibonding orbital最高已占轨道 HOMO highest occupied molecular orbital最低末占轨道 LUMO lowest unoccupied molecular orbital 诱导效应 inductive effect共轭效应 conjugated effectπ,π-共轭π,π- conjugationp,π-共轭p,π- conjugation超共轭作用 hyperconjugation离域能 delocalization energy共振能 resonance energy给电子基团 electron donating group吸电子基团 electron withdrawing group芳性 aromaticity休克尔规律 Huckel's rule两性离子 Zwitterion6.有机化学中的同分异构异构体 isomer构造 constitution构型 configuration构象 conformation构造异构 constitutional isomerism立体异构 stereo isomerism构型异构 configurational isomerism顺反异构 cis-trans isomerism次序规则 sequence ruIe同侧 Zugammen Z异侧 Entgegen E顺式 cis反式 trans对映异构 enantiomerism = 光学异构旋光异构 optical isomerism旋光性 optical activity旋光度 optical rotation比旋光度 specific rotation对称面 plane of symmetry对称中心 center of symmetry对称轴 axis of symmetry手性 chirality手性分子 chiral molecules对映异构体，对映体 enantiomer非对映体 diastereomer外消旋体 raceme左旋体 leveisomer右旋体 dextroisomer内消旋体 mesomer费歇尔投影式 Fischer projection相对构型 relative configuration绝对构型 absolute configurationR -构型 R -configurationS -构型 S -configuration赤式 erythro苏式 threo外消旋化 racemization拆分 resolution光学纯度 Optical Purity对映体过量百分数 enantiomeric excess立体专一性反应 stereospecific reaction 立体选择性反应 stereoselective reaction不对称合成 asymmetric synthesis构象异构 conformational isomerism构象分析 conformational analysis锯架式 perspective formula纽曼投影式 Newman projection formula椅式 chair form船式 boat form直立键 a键 axial bond 平伏键 e键 equatorial bond互变异构 tautomerism酮式 keto-form烯醇式 enol-form差向异构化 epimerization变旋现象 mutamerism哈武斯式 Haworth form7.有机反应的名称取代反应 substitution reaction加成反应 addition reaction马尔科夫尼可夫规律 Markovnikov rule 共轭加成 conjugate addition消去反应 elemination reaction查依采夫规律 Saytzeff rule霍夫曼规律 Hofmann rule硼氢化反应 hydroboration催化加氢 catalytic hydrogenation聚合反应 polymerization单体 monomer聚合物 polymer硝化反应 nitration卤化反应 halogenation磺化反应 sulfonation烷基化反应 alkylation酰基化反应 acylation酯化反应 esterification酯交换反应 transesterification脱羧反应 decarboxylation氯甲基化反应 chloromethylation傅列德尔-克拉夫茨反应 Friedel-Crafts reaction格利雅反应 Grignard reaction格利雅试剂 (格氏试剂) Grignard reagent赖默-梯曼反应 Reimer-Tiemann reaction卤仿反应 haloform reaction水解反应 hydrolysis reaction醇解反应 alcoholysis reaction氨解反应 ammonolysisi reaction皂化 saponification插烯作用 vinylogy缩合 condensation克莱森缩合 Claisen condensation安息香缩合 benzoin condensation羟醛缩合 aldol condensation列弗尔马茨基反应 Reformatsky reaction迈克尔反应 Michael reaction诺文格尔反应 Knoevenagel reaction加布里反应 Gabriel reaction乙酰乙酸乙酯合成法 acetoacetic ester synthesis 丙二酸酯合成法 malonic ester synthesis 威廉逊合成法 William Son synthesis海森堡试验 Hinsberg test重氮化反应 diazotization reaction偶联反应 coupling reaction脱氨基反应 deamination reaction维悌希反应 Wittig reaction氧化反应 oxidation reaction还原反应 reduction reaction周环反应 pericyclic reaction环加成反应 cycloaddition reaction电环化反应 electrocyclic reaction坎尼扎罗反应 Cannizzaro reaction齐齐巴宾反应 Chichibabin reaction狄尔斯-阿德尔反应 Diels-alder reaction斐林试剂 Fehling reagent托伦试剂 Tollens reagent沃克还原 Wolff-Kishner reduction罗森蒙德还原 Rosenmund reduction克莱门森还原 Clemmenson reduction考普重排 Cope rearrangement霍夫曼重排 Hofmann rearrangement嚬哪醇重排 pinacol rearrangement弗里茨重排 Fries rearrangement克莱森重排 Claisen rearrangement二烯体 diene亲二烯体 dienophile分子轨道对称守恒原理 conversation of orbital symmetry8.有机反应机理均裂 homolytic异裂 heterolytic活性中间体 active intermediate碳正离子 carbocation碳负离子 carbanion烯醇负离子 enolate anion自由基，游离基 free radical卡宾，碳烯 carbene氮烯 nitrene速度决定步骤 rate-determining step哈蒙特假定 Hammond postulate能线图 energy profile过渡状态 transition state邻基参与 neighboring group participation动力学控制 kinetic control热力学控制 thermodynamic control离去基团 leaving group底物 substrate亲电试剂 electrofphile亲核试剂 nucleophile亲电加成反应 electrophilic addition亲电取代反应 electrophilic substitution定位规律 orientation rule亲核取代反应 nucleophilic substitutionSN2 反应机理 SN2 reaction mechanismSN1 反应机理 SN1 reaction mechanism瓦尔登转化 Walden inversion亲核加成反应 nucleophilic addition亲核加成-消去反应 nucleophilic addition-elimination reaction 消去反应机理 elimination reaction mechanismE1 反应机理 E1 reaction mechanismE2 反应机理 E2 reaction mechanism反式消去 anti elimination重排反应机理 rearrangement reaction mechanism自由基反应 free radical reaction链引发 chain initation链增长 chain propagation链终止 chain termination9.有机化合物的光谱红外光谱 IR Infrared spectra傅立叶变换 Fourier Transform指纹区 finger print region吸收频率 absorption frequency紫外光谱 UV Ultraviolet spectra电子跃迁 elctronic transition吸光度 absorbance摩尔消光系数 molar extinction coefficient发色团 chromophore助色团 auxochrome核磁共振 NMR Nuclear Magnetic Resonance1HNMR 谱 1HNMR spectra13CNMR 谱 13CNMR spectra屏蔽效应 shielding effect化学位移 chemical shift自旋偶合 spin-spin coupling自旋裂分 spin-spin splitting偶合常数 coupling constant质子去偶 proton spin decoupling 质子偏共振去偶 proton off-resonance decoupling质谱 Mass Spectra(MS)电子流轰击 election impact (EI)快原子轰击 fast atom bombarment (FAB)分子离子峰 molecular ion peak同位素峰 isotopic peak基峰 base peak质荷比(m/z) mass-to-charge ratio10.分子间作用力氢键 hydrogen bond色散力 dispersion force 范德华力 Van Der Waals force 偶极-偶极作用力 dipole-dipole interraction force11.物理性质熔点 melting point沸点 boiling point密度 density溶解度 solubility偶极矩 dipole moment12.有机化合物的酸碱性酸性 acidity碱性 basicity<HTML>本站材料仅为本院教师与学生教学所用，请勿它用！</HTML>。
有机化学常用中英文词汇对照
Amine胺
ound季铵化合物
Carbohydrate碳水化合物
Amine oxide氧化胺
Aldose醛糖
Diazoalkane重氮烷
Ketose酮糖
Mercaptan硫醇
Furanose呋喃糖
Sulfonic acid磺酸
Cyanohydrin羟腈
Acyl iodide酰碘
Pinacol频哪醇
Carbobenzoxy chloride苄氧甲酰氯
Enol烯醇
Acyl tosylate酰基对甲苯磺酸酐
Enol ether烯醇醚
Ketene乙烯酮
Enol ester烯醇酯
Peracid过酸
Enamine烯胺
Perester过酸酯
Pyranose吡喃糖
Sulfoxide亚砜
Glycoside糖苷
Sulfone砜
Glucoside葡[萄]糖苷
Aldehyde醛
Aglycon苷元
Detone酮
Saccharide糖类
Aldehyde hydrate醛水合物
Oligosaccharide寡糖
Ketone hydrate酮水合物
Polysaccharide多糖
Diene双烯
Thioester硫代酸酯
Triene三烯
Thiol acid硫羰酸
Allene丙二烯
Lactone内酯
Ccumulene累积多烯
Lactol内半缩醛
Enyne烯炔
Macrolide大环内酯
Diyne二炔
Amino acid氨基酸
Alkyl halide卤代烷
Zwitterions两性离子
化工原料中英文对照词汇表(二)
化工原料中英文对照词汇表（二）6-溴-2-羟基萘6-Bromo-2-hydroxynaphthalene2，6-二甲氧基萘2,6-Dimethoxynaphthalene2，6-二羟基萘2,6-Dihydroxynaphthalene6-甲氧基-2-羟基萘6-Methoxy-2-hydroxy naphthalene2-叔丁基-4-甲基苯酚2-Tertiary-butyl-4-methylphenol炉甘石Calamine5-溴-2-甲基嘧啶5-Bromo-2-methyl pyridine氯化镁Magnesium Chloride氢氧化钾Potassium Hydroxide二氯甲烷METHYLENE CHLORIDE六缩氨酸乙酸酯acetyl hexapeptide-3邻苯二甲酸二异丁酯Diisobutyl Phthalate单硬脂酸甘油酯Glyceryl Monostearate艾地苯醌Idebenone百灭宁Permethrin制霉菌素Nystatin细胞色素C Cytochrome C二甲基对甲苯胺Dimethyl-p-toluidine十八烷基酰氯Octadecyl chloride氨基葡萄糖硫酸钾Glucosamine Sulfate Potassium三偏磷酸钠Sodium Trimetaphosphate4-溴苯酚4-bromophenol甘油glycerine安息香酸benzoic acid大豆脂肪酸soya fatty acid二环戊二烯Dicyclopentadiene固体石蜡PARAFFIN WAX疏松石蜡RESIDUE WAX残余蜡RESIDUE W AX橡胶加工油RUBBER PROCESS OIL丁基橡胶BUTYL RUBBER冰醋酸ACETIC ACID, GLACIAL三氯乙烯TRICHLOROETHYLENE乙酰乙酸甲酯Methyl acetoacetate磷酸三苯脂Triphenyl Phosphate三氟乙酸乙酯Trifluoroacetic Acid Ethyl Ester七水硫酸亚铁FERROUS SULFATE HEPTAHYDRATE硬脂酸钙Calcium stearate3-氨基巴豆酸甲酯METHYL-3-AMINO CROTONA TE亚硫酰二氯Thionyl Chloride乙二醛－双（２－羟基缩苯胺）Glyoxal bis (2-hydroxyanil) 氧化镍黑NICKEL OXIDE black硅酸钠Sodium Metasilicate水合肼Hydrazine HydrateN-月桂酰肌氨酸钠Sodium Lauroyl Sarcosinate二水目酸钠Sodium Molybdate Dihydrate草酸Oxalic Acid二甲基二硫代氨基甲酸钠Sodium Dimethyl Dithio CarbamateN,N-二（3-氨丙基）甲胺N,N-Bis(3-aminopropyl)methylamine二甲基环己胺Dimethyl cyclohexyl amine三乙二胺triethlene diamine松香Gum rosin维生素C Vitamin C磷酸Phosphoric Acid六偏磷酸钠Sodium Hexa Meta Phosphate硝酸Nitric Acid(R)-(-)-噻唑啉-4-羧酸(R)-(-)-THIAZOLIDINE-4-CARBOXYLIC ACID 二氯甲烷Methylene Chloride丙烯酸丁酯Butyl acrylate5α-雄烯二醇环戊丙酸酯5-alpha Androstenediol Cypionate硼酸Boric Acid氯化铁FERRIC CHLORIDE六偏磷酸钠Sodium HexametaPhosphate焦磷酸四钠Tetrasodium Pyrophosphate磷酸二氢钠Monosodium Phosphate阿维菌素abamectin伊维菌素Ivermectin聚乙二醇600 Polyethylene Glycol-6002-氯乙醇2-Chloroethanol克他命盐酸Ketamine HCL氨己烯酸Vigabatrin硫酸庆大霉素GENTAMICIN SULPHATE苯芴醇LUMEFANTRINE重质苏打灰dense soda ash尿素Urea一乙醇胺Mono Ethanol Amine邻苯二甲酸二丁酯Di Butyl Phthalate液体无水氨Liquid Anhydrous Ammonia碳酸氢铵AMMONIUM BICARBONATE硫脲Thio Urea甲氧普烯methoprene葵子麝香musk ambrette麝香酮musk ketone甲基柏木醚methyl cedryl ether二戊烯dipentene二苯醚DIPHENYL OXIDE喹啉-6-羧酸QUINOLINE-6-CARBOXYLIC ACID重铬酸钠Sodium Bichromate四苯基溴化磷Tetraphenylphosphonium Bromide2-甲基-5-硝基酚2-methyl-5-nitrophenol钼酸钠Sodium Molybdate甲苯Toluene三磷酸钠Sodium Tripolyphosphate碳化钙Calcium Carbide表氯醇Epichlorohydine水合肼Hydrazine HydrateP-甲酚p-CresolP- 3-氨基对甲苯甲醚P - CRESIDINE过(二)硫酸系列Persulfates Series锌粉ZINC DUST二甲基二硫代氨基甲酸钠Sodium Dimethyl Dithio Carbamate二水钼酸钠Sodium Molybdate Dihydrate2-溴戊酮2-Bromopentane苏打灰SODA ASH LIGHT 99.2%磷酸氯代对苯二酚CHLORQUINE PHOSPHA TE.乙酸锰manganese acetate4-叔丁基-儿茶酚4-tert-Butylcatechol酶enzyme氧化钴Cobalt Oxide草酸Oxalic Acid2-甲基-5-甲氧苯并唑2-methyl-5-methoxy benzoxazole三磷酸钠Tri sodium Phosphate电缆用聚氯乙烯树脂PVC RESINS FOR CABLE MANUFACTURING 2,4-二硝基-6-溴苯胺2,4 dinitro 6 bromo aniline蚁酸&氢氟酸Formic acid & Hydrofluoric acidFerric acid & Iron oxide二硫化碳CARBON DISULPHIDE。
大学有机化学双语教学辅助材料 —单词对照
Learning Supplementsin Organic Chemistry有机化学双语教学辅助材料（常见中英文专业单词对照）有机化学常见概念中英对照中文名称英文名β-酮酸酯β-ketone esterDL规则DL conventionD-异构体D-isomerE-异构体E isomerL-异构体L-isomern+1规则n+1 ruleπ键pi bondR/S构型命名法Cahn–Ingold–Prelog (CIP) R/S convention R基R groups-反式构象s-trans conformationα,β-不饱和酮α,β-unsaturated ketoneσ键sigma bond氨、氨水ammonia(NH3)氨基amino group氨基酸amino acid氨络物ammine铵根离子ammonium ion(NH4+) ammonium. 胺amine螯合物chelate八隅规则octet rule半缩醛半缩酮hemiketal饱和脂肪族烃saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon 苯benzene苯环phenyl ring苯基phenyl group苯炔; 脱氢苯benzyne苄基；苯甲基benzyl group变性denaturation变旋Mutarotation氢离子活度的pH值pH丙二烯丙烷propane薄层色谱thin layer chromatography(TLC) 不饱和烃unsaturated hydrocarbon不规则的Atactic不完全八隅体incomplete octet布朗斯特碱Br.sted base布朗斯特酸Br.sted acid部分消旋的Scalemic差向异构化作用Epimerization差向异构体Epimers拆分; 分辨率; 分离度Resolution超共轭; 超共轭效应Hyperconjugation稠环芳烃Condensed aromatics船式构象Conformation (boat)纯手性; 纯手性的Homochiral醇Alcohol(ROH)醇酸Alcoholic acid醇盐Alkoxide(RO- M+) alkoxide ion. 醋酸盐Acetate单分子亲核取代反应SN1 reaction单分子消除反应E1 elimination reaction单配位基Monodentate蛋白质Protein等时的；同步的Isochronous等位; 等位的; Homotopic狄尔斯-阿尔德反应Diels-Alder reaction电负性Electronegativity电环化反应、π-键环化反应Electrocyclic reactions电价键; 离子键Ionic bond电偶极矩Electric dipole moment(μ) 电偶极子Electric dipole淀粉Starch动理学; 动力学Kinetics动力学拆分Kinetic resolution动力学产物Kinetic product对Para对称面Plane of symmetry对甲基苯磺酸盐Ots，Tosylate (toluene-4-sulfonate, 4-mec6h4so3)对溴苯磺酸盐Obs，Brosylate (4-bromobenzenesulfonate, 4-brc6h4so3), 对旋Disrotatory对映体Enantiomers对映体过量百分数Enantiomeric excess; enantiomeric ratio对映体过量的Enantiomerically enriched 对映异位的Enantiotopic非质子溶剂Aprotic solvent多步合成Multistep synthesis多配位基的Polydentate多原子分子Polyatomic molecule多原子离子Polyatomic ion惰性电子对Inert pair二环的Bicyclic二硫化物Disulfide二氯甲烷Dichloromethane(CH2Cl2) 二元化合物Binary compound反错构象Anti clinal反芳香性的Anti-aromatic反键轨道Antibonding orbital反平面Anti periplanar反式Trans反式的Anti反式构象Anti conformation反式加成Anti addition范德华力Van der Waals’ radius芳环; 芳族环Aromatic ring(Ar)芳基Aryl group芳烃Aromatic hydrocarbon芳香烃Arene芳族化合物; 芳香族化合物Aromatic compound非苯芳烃Nonbenzenoid aromatic hydrocarbon 非等时同步Anisochronous非对映异构的Diastereotopic非对映异构体Diastereoisomers非手性、非手性的Achiral肥皂Soap费歇尔投影式Fischer projection分馏Fractional distillation分歧、不同Allo-分子单元Formula unit分子轨道理论Molecular orbital theory 分子几何; 分子几何结构Molecular geometry分子离子Molecular ion分子量Molecular weight分子模型Molecular model分子筛Molecular sieve分子式Molecular formula酚Phenol酚酸Phenolic acid酚酞Phenolphthalein风化的Efflorescent砜Sulfone干馏Dry distillation甘油Glycerol甘油, 丙三醇Glycerol(HOCH2CH(OH)CH2OH) 甘油三酸酯Triglyceride高分子化合物Polymer隔离双键Isolated double bonds共扼二烯烃Conjugated diene共轭碱Conjugate base共轭双键Conjugated double bonds 共轭酸Conjugate acid共价键Covalent bond共振结构Resonance structures共振结构式Canonical forms共振效应Resonance effect构象Conformation构象异构体Conformers构型Configuration构造异构体Constitutional isomers固体石蜡Paraffin wax官能团Functional group冠醚Crown ether光学纯Enantiomerically pure (optically pure) 光学纯的Optically pure轨道Orbital国际纯粹与应用化学联合会Iupac过渡态Transition state过氧化物离子Superoxide ion合成材料Synthetic material合成纤维Synthetic fiber合成橡胶Synthetic rubber核磁共振Nmr核间距离，键长Bond length核酸外切酶Exo红外光谱IR spectroscopy，infrared spectroscopy 胡萝卜素Carotene互变体; 互变异构体Tautomer互变异构现象Tautomerism化学计量学; 化学计量法Stoichiometry化学键Chemical bond化学式量; 分子量Formula weight化学位移Chemical shift环化加成反应Cycloaddition reaction环氧化合物Epoxide缓冲溶液Bufferph buffer; buffer solution. 磺化反应Sulfonation reaction磺基Sulpho group磺酸Sulfonic acid混酸甘油酯Mixed glyceride活性亚甲基Active methylene group 基（后缀）-Yl极性分子Polar molecule极性键Polar bond几何异构体Geometric isomer加成反应Addition reaction加成化合物Addition compound加聚反应Addition polymerization 甲基Methyl(-CH3)甲烷Methane价电子Valence electron价键Valence bond假旋转Pseudorotation间位定位Meta-directing碱; 基极Base碱的、碱性的Alkaline碱水解常数Base hydrolysis constant 碱土金属Alkaline earth键焓Bond enthalpy键级Bond order键能Bond energy交叉式构象Conformation (staggered) 交叉式构象Staggered conformation 结构式Structural formula腈Nitrile肼、联氨Hydrazine(NH2NH2)锯架投影式Sawhorse projection聚合反应Po1ymerization均裂Homolytic bond cleavage 卡宾、碳烯Carbene R2C:.醌Quinone蜡Wax离去基团Leaving group离子电离; 离子电离作用Ionic dissociationionize; ionization. 离子盐Ionic compound salt立体化学Stereochemistry立体特异性的，立体专一性的Stereospecific立体选择性的，立体有择性的Stereoselective立体异构体Stereoisomers两性的Amphoteric两性离子Zwitterion两性溶剂Amphiprotic solvent 裂化Cracking裂解Pyrolysis邻Orthogonal邻近的Vicinal硫醇Thiol硫酚Thiophenol硫化物Sulfide卤代烃Halohydrocarbon卤离子Halide ion路易斯碱Lewis base路易斯结构Lewis structure路易斯酸Lewis acid螺环化合物Spiro compound螺旋度; 螺旋性Helicity马尔科夫尼科夫规则Markovniknov’s rule 麦芽糖Maltose煤Coal酶Enzyme醚Ether命名法; 命名原则Nomenclature内Endo内酰胺Lactam内消旋化合物Meso compounds内酯Lactone扭曲式构象Conformation (skewed) 扭转位阻Torsion barrier纽曼投影式Newman projection偶氮Azo偶极矩Dipole moment配体; 配基Ligand配位数Coordination number平键; 平伏键Equatorial bond平均键焓Average bond enthalpy 平面偏振光Plane polarized light葡萄糖Glucose前手性Prochiral强酸Strong acid羟基Hydroxy group羟基酸Hydroxy acid桥环化合物Bridged ring compound 桥头碳原子Bridgehead carbon亲电体; 亲电子试剂Electrophile亲核试剂Nucleophile亲核性Nucleophilicity亲双烯体Dienophile氢键Hydrogen bond氢氧化物Hydroxide氢氧化物、水合物Hydrate氰基Cyano group巯基Mercapto巯基Sulfhydryl group区域选择性Regioselective取代反应Substitution reaction取代基Substituent取代酸Substituted acid全规的；全同立构的Isotactic醛Aldehyde(RCHO)醛的后缀-Al炔烃Alkyne热力学Thermodynamics热力学产物Thermodynamic product 弱酸Weak acid叁键Triple bond石蜡Paraffin石蕊试纸Litmus paper石油Petroleum实验式; 经验式;Empirical formula手性; 手性的Chiral手性分子Chiral molecule手性中心Chiral center手性中心、不对称中心Stereogenic centre (Chiral centre, Asymmetric centre) 双分子亲核取代反应SN2 reaction双分子消除反应E2 elimination reaction双峰; 双重谱线Doublet双键Double bond双烯; 二烯烃Diene双原子分子Diatomic molecule水合氢离子Hydronium ion(H3O+)水解反应Hydrolysis reaction水煤气,蓝煤气；合成气Water gas;blue gas; synthesis gas 顺错构象Syn clinal顺式Cis顺式；同；共；Syn顺式共平面Syn periplanar顺式加成Syn addition顺旋Conrotatory赤式Erythro塑料Plastic塑料的老化Plastic ageing酸、酸的Acid酸电离常数Acid dissociation constant. 酸酐Acid anhydride酸碱指示剂Acid-base indicator羧基Carboxyl group羧酸Carboxylic acid缩氨脲Semicarbazone缩酮Ketal碳水化合物、糖类Carbohydrate碳正离子Carbocation羰基Carbonyl group糖Sugar天然产物Natural product铁离子Ferric ion.烃、碳氢化合物Hydrocarbon烃的衍生物Derivative of hydrocarbon 烃基Hydrocarbonyl同侧的Suprafacial同分异构体Isomer同系物Homo1og同系物; 同系化合物Homolog铜离子Cupric. (cu2+) cupric ion 酮Ketone酮Ketone(R-CO-R')酮酸Keto acid脱氢酶Dehydrogenases歪扭构象; 偏转构象Gauche conformation外消旋化作用Racemization外消旋混合物Racemic mixture烷基Alkyl group烷基Alkyl(-cnh2n+1) alkyl group. 烷烃Alkane paraffin.烷氧基Alkoxyl group王水Aqua regia未共用电子对Lone pair位阻Steric hindrance位阻异构体Atropisomers肟Oxime无机化合物Inorganic compound 无机化学Inorganic chemistry 无水的Anhydrous西佛碱Shiff's base吸湿的Hygroscopic吸湿性; 吸水性Hygroscopicity烯丙基Allyl group烯丙基正离子Allylic carbon烯烃Alkene洗涤剂Detergent洗脱; 洗脱法；洗剂Elution纤维素Cellulose酰胺Amide酰基Acyl group酰卤Acid halide消去反应Elimination reaction消旋体Racemate硝化反应Nitratlon reaction硝基Nitro group硝酸，王水Nitric acid. (hno3) aqua fortis 协定的, 一致的；协同的Concerted偕的Geminal辛烷Octane休克尔规则Hückel's rule溴的四氯化碳溶液Solution of bromine in carbon tetrachloride 溴水Bromine water旋光计Polarimeter旋光性Optical activity亚氨基Imino group亚砜Sulfoxide亚磺酸Sulfinic acid亚铁离子Ferrous ion亚铜离子Cuprous. (cu+) cuprous ion亚硝基Nitroso group 盐析Salting-out阳离子Cation乙醇Ethanol乙二胺四乙酸Edta乙醛Ethana1乙炔Ethyne乙酸Acetic acid乙酸Ethanoic acid 乙酸乙酯Ethyl acetate乙缩醛二乙醇Acetal乙烯Ethene乙酰乙酸乙酯Ethyl acetoacetate椅式构象Conformation (chair) 椅型构象; 椅式构象Chair conformation 异头物Anomers异位的Syndiotactic阴离子Anion阴碳离子; 负碳离子Carbanion银镜反应Silver mirror reaction 硬脂酸、十八酸Stearic acid油脂Oils and fats有机化合物Organic compound有旋光活性的Optically active右旋的Dextrorotatory (d)诱导效应Inductive effect原子化热Enthalpy of atomization. ( hat) 杂化; 杂交Hybridization杂化轨道Hybrid orbitals杂环的, 不同环式的Heterocyclic皂化作用Saponification蔗糖Sucrose正交Ortho脂肪酸Fatty acid脂肪族的Aliphatic脂环烃Alicyclic hydrocarbon 直角的；正交的Ortho-para director直立键Axial bonds指纹区Fingerprint region酯Ester酯化反应Esterification质谱法Mass spectrometry质子Proton质子给体; 质子给予体Proton donor质子溶剂Protic solvent中和反应Neutralization reaction 中间体Intermediate中介效应Mesomeric effect中性的Neutral轴手性；轴不对称性Axial chirality自由基，根，原子团Radical自由基; 游离基Free radical腙Hydrozone左旋的Laevorotatory (l)重氮化; 重氮化作用Diazotization重氮盐Diazonium salt重叠式构象Conformation (eclipsed) 重叠式构象Eclipsed conformation 重键; 多重键Multiple bond周环反应Pericyclic reactions。
《OrganicChemistry—StructureandFunction》——
《Organic Chemistry—Structure and Function》——一本适用于大学双语有机教学的原版教材宋怡（南京市北圩路41号 210017 南京晓庄学院化学系）摘要：教材问题已经成为制约我国双语教学发展的客观瓶颈之一。
本文介绍了一本适用于大学双语有机教学的优秀原版教材，希望能够为解决双语有机配套教材匮乏的问题提供一些有用的信息。
双语教学实践正在我国如火如荼的开展，而配套教材匮乏已经成为制约双语教学健康发展的客观瓶颈之一。
当前的主要对策是引进外国原版教材。
我们向大家推荐其中一本优秀的原版大学有机化学教材。
1 内容简介《有机化学——结构与功能》（Organic Chemistry—Structure and Function ，K.Peter C.V ollhardt, Neil E. Schore编，第三版，New Y ork W.H.Freeman and Company 2000年出版）是一本适用于化学及生物医学等专业的基础有机化学教材。
该教材对有机化学基础知识进行了较为全面的整合，以官能团为主线贯穿体系结构，突出强调了构效关系和有机合成的重要地位。
全书篇幅较长，共分26章。
每一章除主要内容外还包括以下几个单元：Chemical Highlight:与本章节内容相关的扩展资料Chapter Integration Problem:本章综合例题及解答New Reaction:本章新涉及的化学反应Reaction Summary Road Map:化学反应总结而成的路径图Important Concepts:重要概念总结Problem:本章习题章节内容及Chemical Highlight部分内容一览表2 特点分析2.1整体突出构效关系许多学生把有机看作是大量的令人望而生畏的知识点，要消除这种误解，帮助学生学习和理解有机化学，最佳途径是给学生提供一个知识的框架，学生能够围绕该框架组织自己的知识点。
有机化学常用英汉词汇
abate 缓和, 减弱; 减(税); 降(价); [律]撤消abide by 遵守; 服从account for 说明; 解释; 报偿acetal 乙缩醛,乙醛二乙醇,醛缩醇,缩醛acetaldehyde 乙醛,醋醛acetamide 乙酰胺acetanilide 乙酰苯胺,退热冰[解热药]acetic 乙酸的,醋的acetic acid 醋酸,乙酸acetone 丙酮acetonitrile 乙腈acetophenone 苯乙酮,乙酰苯[镇静催眠药]acetyl 乙酰基; 醋酸基acetylation 乙酰化(作用)achiral 无手性的acidosis [ˌæsiˌdəusis]酸中毒acyl helide 酰卤acyl 酰基acylation 酰化作用adapter 接头,接合管,连接管,适配器,转接器,接合体addition 加,附加,添加,补充,加入,加成,相加作用additional 附加的, 另外的加,添加的adjacent 靠近的,邻近的,毗连的admix 掺和,混合adverse 逆的,相反的,不利的,有害的agitation 搅动(作用),精神激动,搅拌,激动,鼓动airbone 空运的, 空中传播的alcohol 醇,乙醇,酒精aldehyde 乙醛, 醛aldol ①醛醇,align 成(直)线,排列,排牙,校整,对准,定位,定中心aliphatic 脂肪族的, 脂肪质的aliquot (整分)部分,可分量,(拉)除得尽能整除;alkali 碱; 强碱alkaline 碱的,强碱的,碱性的alkane 链烷,烷属烃alkene [化]烯烃, 链烯链(烯)烃,乙烯系碳氢化物,烯烃菌素alkyl halides 卤烃类alkyl 烷基,烃基alkylation 烷化,烃化,烃基化(反应)alkylhalide 烷基卤alkyne 炔属烃,链炔,炔烃alleviate 减轻(痛苦等),缓和allow for 考虑到allyl [化]烯丙基alumina 氧化铝,矾土aluminum 铝amalgam 汞合金,汞齐ambient 围绕著的; 周围的amide 酰胺amine 胺amino 氨基aminophenol 氨基苯酚ammonia 氨,稀氨水,氨水,氢氧化铵溶液ammonium 氨盐基, 铵andiron 柴架anesthesia 感觉缺失,麻木,麻醉anesthetic 麻醉学,感觉缺失的,麻醉的,麻醉剂angle 角anhydride 酐,脱水物anhydrous 无水的aniline 氨基苯,苯胺anorexia 食欲缺乏,厌食症anti 反,抗-{前缀}anticonvulsant 抗惊厥剂,抗抽搐剂apparatus 器械,装置,仪器,器官,机构approximation 近似,近似法,近似值,接近aromatic 芳香族的,芳香的,芳香剂aromaticity 芳香性,芳族性arrest 停止,阻止逮捕, 监禁;arrhythmias 无节律性,心律不齐,心律失常aryl 芳基,芳香基arylamine 芳香胺asbestors 石棉aspiration 抽吸,吸(引),吸引术热望, 渴望aspirator 抽吸器,抽气器assembly 集合,装配,小群落,装置,成套,部件,组件,组合assess 评价,估计assumption 假设,假定asterisk 星状物,星号asymmetric 不均匀的; 不对称的attain 达到, 获得axial 轴的,中轴的,轴式的azeotrop 共沸混合物,恒沸混合物azo [=chemical group-N=N]偶氮含氮的back up 支持; 贮存baffle (百叶式)挡(光)板,障板,折流板,吸声板,定向屏蔽,栅极,反射体,干扰,隔板,缓冲板,阻板barrel 桶; 把……装入桶内basicity 碱度, 碱性beaker 烧杯,大酒杯,一大酒杯的量bench 长凳,台,座,架,实验台,钳工台,工作台benzaldehyde [化]安息香醛; 苯甲醛benzamide 苯甲酰胺,苯酰胺benzene sulfonyl 苯磺酰benzene 苯benzidine 联苯胺,4,4'-二氨基联(二)苯benzil 二苯甲酰,苯偶酰,联苯酰,二苯(基)乙二酮benzoate 苯甲酸盐,苯甲酸酯benzoin 安息香,苯甲酰苯甲醇,苯偶姻,二苯乙醇酮benzophenone 苯甲酮benzoyl 苯甲酰(基),苯酰benzyl 苄基,苯甲基benzyl 苄基,苯甲基bicarbonate 碳酸氢盐,重碳酸盐biphenyl 联苯,联二苯bis 二度; 二回bisulfite 重亚硫酸盐重亚硫酸盐; 酸性亚硫酸盐blanket 毯子,铺布,复,盖,扑灭,抑制,隐蔽bluish 带蓝色的,淡蓝色的boiling 煮沸, 沸腾, 起泡bore 钻(孔),镗,内径,钻孔器,内径,锥,挖,掘,孔,洞令人讨厌的人;烦扰, 出生, 钻孔bored 无趣的, 烦人的, 无聊的; vbl. 烦扰, 钻孔boric acid 硼酸borneol 龙脑,冰片,乙醇,梅片,樟醇,钓樟醇borohydride 硼氢化物,氢硼化物brine 盐水,盐卤bromide 溴化物bromo 溴代,溴基bromobenzene 溴苯bromonium 溴鎓buchner funnel 布氏漏斗,平底瓷漏斗budget 预算;bulb 球茎, 电灯泡bump 碰撞,(曲线上的)折曲,拐点bunsen burner 本生灯,煤气灯butane 丁烷butanol 丁醇butene 丁烯butyl 丁基, 丁基合成橡胶butyrophenone 丁酰苯,丙基-苯基甲酮,苯丙甲酮c.p.chemically pure 化学纯ca. [=circa(about)]大约,(时间)前后calibrate 定标,定分度,校准,使标准化calibration 校准call for 求援camphor 樟脑caproate ①己酸盐,②己酸酯caprolactam 己内酰胺carbocation 碳阳离子carbonyl 羰基,碳酰carborundum 金刚砂,碳化硅carboxyl 羧基carboxylic 羧基的羧酸cardiac 强心剂, 强胃剂; 心脏的, (胃的)贲门cardinal (果蝇)绯色眼,主要的,基本的,轴节的carotene 胡萝卜素carry out 实现; 执行cases are knowncasserole 勺皿,焙盘,蒸锅catalyst 触媒剂; 催化剂catalytic [化]催化剂的, 起触媒作用的catalyze 使起催化作用; 使起接触反应caustic 腐蚀性的,苛性的cautious 谨慎的,细心的ceramic 陶瓷的,陶瓷制品charcoal 药用炭,活性炭,炭末[吸附剂]chip 屑晶片, 薄片; [电子]集成电路片; chiral 手(征)性的,手性chirality 手性,手征,偏光力,手型,手征性chlorocarbon 氯碳化合物chloroform 氯仿,三氯甲烷[防腐药] chlorophyll 叶绿素chromic acid 铬酸,三氧化铬circulatory 循环的cloudy 混浊的,多云的coefficient 系数coenzyme 辅酶coil 线圈,线团,螺管colloidal 胶体的,胶质的,胶态的comment 注解, 批评, 评论;concentric 同心的,具同心环纹的condensate 冷凝物,冷凝液condensation 压缩, 凝缩, 液化浓集condense 冷凝,凝结,凝聚,浓缩,聚光conduction 传导configuration 构型,配位conformation 构象congo 刚果conical 圆锥形的conjugate 结合物,(骨盆)直径,共轭,偶合,轭合,轭合物,接合,结合,成对,成对的,对生的,共轭体conjugation 结合,接合,结合反应,联接,共轭contemplate 注视,仔细思考convection 传达, 对流, 对流converse 相反的事物, 倒, 逆向;convulsion 抽搐,惊厥copious 丰富的,丰饶的,大量的copper 铜cord 绳索, 束缚cork 软木(塞),木栓,软塞,塞住coupling 结合,偶合,偶联,连接器covalent 共有原子价, 共价crease 皱,折痕,折缝,变皱,使折缝creep 滞缓,蠕变,爬,蔓延,位移,频率漂移criterion (复criteria)标准,判据,准则,尺度,判别式,指标crown 冠,根颈,副花冠crucial 决定性的,极难的,十字形的crystal 晶体,结晶crystalline 水晶的, 透明的, 结晶性的crystallization 结晶作用,结晶crystallize (使)结晶cuprous 亚铜的,一价铜的customary 习惯的, 惯常的, 原来的cyanate 氰酸盐cyanide 氰化物cyano 氰基cyanohydrin 氰醇,氰腈cyclic 周期的,循环的,环状的cycloalkane 环烷烃cyclohexane 环己烷cylindrical 圆筒状的,圆柱状的datum (复data)数据,基准,资料,论据,材料,证据decane 癸烷(C10H22)decantation 滗,倾析,滗析,倾泻,滗出decarboxylation 脱羧decided 明显的,明确的,决定的decompose 分解,腐败,分析,还原,使腐烂,腐解defat 脱脂degradation 降解,递降,分解作用dehydrated 脱水的dehydration 脱水(作用),失水denote 表示,指示,意味dense 密集的density 密度depict 描写dermatitis 皮肤炎desiccant 干燥剂,干燥的desiccator 干燥器,保干器,烘干器designate 命名,指定,指明,指示,选派detergent 去垢剂,洗涤剂,清洁剂,去污剂,去污的detoxify 去毒,解毒,戒烟毒deviation 偏差,偏向,偏离,偏位,斜位,偏移,偏斜devote 投入于, 献身dextrorotatory 右旋的,正旋的diastereoisomer 非对映异构体,非镜像异物体diastereomer 非对映体diastereotoic 非对映异位的diazo 重氮基diazonium 重氮基diazotization 重氮化作用diazotize [化]使重氮化dichromate 重铬酸盐diethyl ether 麻醉乙醚diethylene 二乙烯differentiate 微分,区别,分化区别, 差别, 求……的微分diketone 二酮基dilute 稀释,稀薄的,淡的,冲淡dioxane 二噁烷,二氧杂环己烷dipole 偶极(子),偶极天线,对称振子disorientation 定向力障碍,定向消失dissociation 分离,离解,分裂(精神病)dissolve 溶解, 解散, 使感动, 废除dissymmetric 不对称的distillate 馏出物,馏变,蒸馏,精华,露剂disulfide 二硫化物dodecane 十二烷drierite 德里拉特[干燥用无水硫酸,商品名]droplet 小滴,徽滴,飞沫dropwise 点滴的,滴状,滴加,一滴一滴地,点滴地drowsiness 困倦,昏昏欲睡duct 管,导管dullness 钝; 迟钝; 暗淡; 阴沉; 沉闷; 萧条ebullition 沸腾, 横溢, 精神饱满eclipse 日蚀, 月蚀, 衰落;elasticity 弹力, 弹性electron 电子, 极微小的东西electronegaticvity 负电性electrophile 亲电子试剂electrophilic 亲电子的elongate 伸长,长形的emulsion 乳剂,乳胶,乳浊液,乳状液enantiomer 对映体,对映异构物enantiotopic 对映异位的encompass 包围,环绕,包括enol 烯醇enormous 巨大的,庞大的epoxide 环氧化物equilibrium 平衡,饱和,长期平衡erlenmeyer flask 埃伦迈尔烧瓶,锥形瓶erythro 红,赤,赤藓ester 酯esterification 酯化(作用)ethane 乙烷ethanol 乙醇, 酒精ethenyl 乙烯基,次乙基ether 醚,乙醚大气, 苍天ethoxy 乙氧基ethoxyethane 乙氧基乙烷,乙醚ethyl 乙基,乙烷基ethylene chloride 氯化乙烯ethylene 乙炔,乙烯,乙撑,次乙基eutectic 易熔的,低共熔的evacuate 排泄,排粪,抽空,撤离,排除,排气exert .施加,产生,发挥exothermic 发热的, 放出热量的expedient 有利的,方便的,权宜的办法extinguisher 消除器,灭火器eyelid 睑,眼睑facial 脸的, 脸部用的fashion 流行, 风尚, 时样; 形成, 造, 作faucet 水龙头,旋塞,开关,水阀,承口,插口ferrous 亚铁的,二价铁的fibrillation 纤维性颤动,原纤维形成filament 细丝,丝,花丝,丝状体,藻丝体,纤丝filter flask 吸滤瓶filtrate 过滤液; 过滤水; 滤(出)液filtration 滤过,过滤,滤光(作用) fluorescence 荧光萤光, 发萤光, 萤光性flute (凹)槽,波纹, 笛, 横笛;foolproof 笨人也能处理的; 简单的formaldehyde 甲醛, 蚁醛formate 甲酸盐,甲酸酯,甲酸根,蚁酸盐,蚁酸酯formation 生成,形成,结构formic 蚁的, 蚁酸的甲酸的formyl 甲酸基fountain 泉水; 喷泉fractionation 分段分离,分部分离,分级分离fragment 碎片,断片,片段freeze 冻结,凝固,冰结,冰冻,冷冻funnel 漏斗,围食膜,烟囱,浇铸漏斗,浇口,使成漏斗形furan 呋喃furnish 供给, 提供, 装设gait 步态,步法garment 衣服, 衣装, 外表gastrointestinal 胃肠的gauche 邻位交叉式gauge 表,规,量规,量计,样板gause 薄纱, 纱布, 金属网gauze 纱布,线网gel 胶化体, 凝胶;geometrical 几何学的, 几何的giddiness 眩晕glacial 冰的,冰样的,冰状的,玻璃状的,坚硬的,极纯的,冰的glycerol 甘油; 丙三醇glycol 乙二醇,甘醇goggle 护目镜,遮灰眼镜gradient 梯度,陡度,斜度graduate 毕业生,刻度量器,量杯,量筒,分度器,刻度,划分刻度,分度,蒸浓,毕业,渐渐变为gram 克gravity 重力grind 研磨,碾,磨光,捣,刻苦用功,研碎,粉碎grip 抓紧, 抱住, 吸住grit 磨料,粗砂,石英砂,砂粒,抛光粉,人造磨石,粒度,筛网,磨擦,石细胞团ground glass 毛玻璃; 磨砂玻璃guanidine 胍[横纹肌兴奋药]gummy 树胶状的; 黏著性的halide 卤素化合物,卤化物haloform 卤仿halogenate 卤化halogenation 卤化作用,卤化helices 单环helium 氦hemiacetal 半缩醛hepatomegaly 肝肿大hepatotoxicity 肝毒性heptane 庚烷heptane 庚烷heterocyclic 杂环的, 不同环式的heterogeneous 异形的,异质的,非均质的,杂的,异种的heterolysis 异种溶解,外力溶解hexahydrobenzene 六氢苯hexamethylene 环己烷,环六亚甲基,环己基hexane 己烷hilarity 欢闹的心情, 欢喜, 高兴hirsch funnel 赫尔什漏斗homogeneous 同种的,同质性的,单相的homolog 同系物homologous 对应染色体,同源染色体,同等染色体,同种(异体)的,同源的,同系的,类似的,相应的homolysis 均裂hood 罩,盖,帽,座舱盖hose 胶皮管,软管,蛇管,用管子供水hydrate 水合物, 水化合物,hydration 水合(作用)hydrazine 肼,联胺,肼屈嗪,肼酞嗪,肼苯哒嗪hydrazone 腙hydride 氢化物hydrocarbon 烃,碳氢化合物hydrochloride 盐酸化物,氢氯化物hydrolysis 水解（作用）hydroxide 氢氧化物hydroxy [化]氢氧根的, 羟基的hydroxylamine [化]羟胺; 胲hygroscopic 引湿性的,吸湿性的hypothetical 假说的,假设的,假定的identity 鉴定,鉴别, 相同, 身份, 一致, 同一人; 同一物imidazole 咪唑,异吡唑imide [化]酰亚胺impair[=impaired]损伤的,受损的impinge 碰撞打击, 伤害, 影响implosion 以恐治恐法,内爆 [音声]内破裂; 闭塞impotence 性无能,无能力,阳痿,阳萎indentation 齿痕,切迹,凹入,缺口,成穴作用indole 吲哚,苯并吡咯infallible 绝无错误的, 绝对可靠的infrared 红外(线)的ingest 摄取,摄食,咽下,吸收,摄入ingestion 咽下,吸收,食入,摄食inhibitor 抑制器,抑制开关,抑制调节器,禁止器,抑制因子,抑制物,抑制剂insol [=insolubility]不溶解性instance 实例,情况,引证insulate 使……绝缘, 隔离; [计算机]绝缘integral 积分,整个,整的,整合的,积分的,整数的,完全的,整体的,积分的integrate 集成,积分,结合,集合interact 相互作用,干扰intermolecular 分子间的interpret 解释, 演出, 翻译; [计算机]解释interpretation 解释,译码,翻译,(图像)判读intimate 直接的,接近的,详细的亲密的, 私人的, 秘密的;intractable 顽固的,难治的听话的, 倔强的, 棘手的introductory 介绍的, 引导的, 开端的inversion 转化(蔗糖),倒位(遗传),倒置,逆变,转化,内翻,性欲倒错invert 倒置,转化,性倒错者,同性恋者iodine 碘, 碘酒iodoform 三碘甲烷, 碘仿ionic 离子的irradiate 照射irrigate 灌溉, 冲洗伤口, 使……潮湿isomer (同分)异构体,同质异能素jack 起重器,千斤顶,弹簧开关,插孔,塞孔,插座,插口,塞孔,插口,插座judicious 明智的,慎重的ketene 烯酮类,乙烯酮乙烯酮; 烯酮keto [化]酮类的ketone 酮,甲酮lacrimation 流泪,催泪作用lassitude 倦怠,厌倦疲倦, 疲乏, 无精神latex 胶乳,橡胶lay up 贮藏; 卧病不起legitimate 合法的, 正当的, 婚生的;lemon 柠檬,柠檬黄,枸橼,柠檬色lessen 变少,减少,减轻leukemia 非白血性白血病levorotatory 左旋(性)的,左旋的liberate 解放, 释放, 使……自由ligroin 轻石油likelihood 可能性,似然liquefy 液化,熔解literature 文学,著作,文献lithium 锂litmus 石蕊,石蕊素localize 局部化,集中luminous 发光的, 明亮的manganate 锰酸盐manifold 许多的,多样的,歧管,多支管,复合管manipulation 操作,处理,操作法,推拿,手法,操作,控制manometer 测压计,气压计mantle 斗篷, 覆盖物, 罩子;罩住, 覆盖, 脸红melt 融解,熔化,熔化物,软化,熔体mercapto 疏基mercury 汞,水银merit 优点,长处,功绩mesh 筛目,筛眼,筛孔,网眼,网状(物),网孔,网meso 正中,中间,内消旋,中位meta 间位,偏位,变,转,后,旁,次metallic 象金属的,金属(音)的methane 甲烷,沼气methanol 甲醇methoxy 甲氧(基)methyl 甲基methylene 甲叉,亚甲基,甲撑micro (希)小,细,微milligram 毫克milliliter 毫升mineral 矿物,矿石,无机物,矿物的minute 分,片刻,瞬间,微小的,精细的,微(小)体(突变型),精密的,微细的,(染色体)小片,分(钟) miscible 可混合的,可溶混的,能溶和的,易混合的modificatin 变体,变形,变更moisten 湿润moment 矩,动差,时刻,瞬间,力矩,片刻,力矩mortar 乳钵,研钵,臼,灰浆,砌泥,胶泥mydriasis 瞳孔放大,瞳孔散大naphthol 萘酚naphthyl 萘基narcosis 麻醉nausea 恶心needle 针,针状物,指针,注射针头,针叶nephrotoxicity 肾毒性neuropsychiatry 神经精神病学nicotinic [化]烟碱的; 烟碱酸的nipple 乳头,螺纹接套,(螺丝)管接头,短接管,喷嘴,橡皮奶头,奶头罩,橡皮头nitric 氮的, 含氮的, 硝石的氮的,高价氮的nitrile 腈nitrite 亚硝酸盐,亚硝酸酯nitro 硝基,硝化甘油,硝化甲烷nomograph 列线图,算图,诺模图,列线图解nonane 壬烷nonferrous 不含铁的; 非铁的notorious 声名狼藉的, 恶名昭张的, 众人皆知的noxious 有害的,有毒的nucleophile 亲核基团,亲核试剂nucleophilic 亲核的; 亲质子的nuisance 滋扰物,恶感物,公害,损害numbness 麻木, 麻痹, 冻僵observance 遵守, 仪式, 惯例observe 观察, 遵守, 注意到obstruct 阻隔, 妨碍, 阻塞occlusion 闭合,闭塞,阻塞,牙合,咬合,牙合(面),咬合(面)octane (正)辛烷odor 气味,名誉,声誉optical 光学的,视力的,眼的,视觉的,旋光的ortho 正,原,邻,邻位,直的,正的,正常的outlet 出口,出路,通风口,通风孔,输出口,排出口(气、水等的),引出线,引出端,销路oxazole 噁唑,1,3-氧氮杂环戊烷oxidation 氧化(作用)oxide 氧化物oxidize 氧化oxime 肟oxychloride 氯氧化物paper clip 纸夹回形针paraparaffin 石蜡油,石蜡,石腊paramount 至上的,首要的paresthesia 感觉异常pass over 忽略; 死亡patent 开放的,未闭的,专利,首创pellet 片状沉淀物,片剂,丸,小丸,小糖丸,片,小片,弹丸剂pentachloride 五氯化物pentaerythritol 季戊四醇pentane 戊烷pentoxide 五氧化物pentyl ①戊基,②(pentobarbital sodium)戊巴比妥钠percutaneous 经皮的peroxide 过氧化物,超氧化物perpendicular 垂线,垂直,正交,垂直的,正交的pertain 属于,关于pertinent 相关的, 中肯的, 切题的pestle 研棒,缽杵,研杵,杵,乳棒petri dish 陪替培养皿,培养皿(微)petroleum ether 石油醚phenol 苯酚,石炭酸,酚,纯苯,安息油phenyl 苯基phosphine 磷化氢, 三氢化磷phosphorous 磷的,亚磷(的),含磷的phosphorus 磷pigment 色素, 颜料;pipet 吸量管,移液管pneumonia 肺炎pneumonitis 肺炎polarity 有两极, 磁性引力, 极性polarizability 偏振性,极化性,极化率,极化度,分极率polygon 多边形图,多边形polyphenol 多酚porcelain 瓷,瓷料,瓷器portion 段,部,部分,一份potassium 钾precaution 预警,预防,预防措施precede 位于…之前,在…这前进行precipitate 沉淀物,制备的,精制的,使沉淀preference 偏爱,优先,选择premature 早产儿,早熟的,过早的prescribe 开药方,开处方,建议primary 初级的,原发的,基本的,主要的,初期的prior to 先前的,在前,居先的priority 在先,在前,优先,优先项目,优先权prochiral 前不对称体的,前手性的propagation 繁殖,传播propane 丙烷propenyl 丙烯基propyl 丙烷基, 丙基protocol 诊断记录,记录,实验设计,备忘录,议定书,草案,试验计划书,会议记录,礼仪协议proton 质子protonate 质子化provided 假如,以…为条件prudent 谨慎的pungent 刺激性的,辣的purple 视紫质,紫色的,紫红pyran ①吡喃,②(pyran copolymer)吡喃复聚物,③(pyrazinamide)吡嗪酰胺[抗结核药] pyrex 派热克斯,耐热玻璃,硼硅酸玻璃pyridine 吡啶,氮(杂)苯pyrimidine 嘧啶,间二氮苯pyrrole 吡咯,氮茂quaternary 第四的,四元的,四价的,季的quench 淬火,淬炼,熄灭,聚冷quinoline 氮(杂)萘,喹啉quinone ①苯醌,②醌racemic (外)消旋的(化学),(外)消旋的,消旋体,总状花序的racemization （外)消旋作用radical 根,基,原子团,根本的rayon 人造丝,人造纤维,一种雷达干扰发射机reactivity 反应性readily 不迟疑地, 轻易地;迅速地; 容易地reagent 试剂,反应物rearrangement (基因)重排,重(新)排(列),重新布置recipe 食谱, 处方, 秘诀recommend 推荐, 介绍, 托付reductive 减少的, 还原的refraction 折光, 折射refractive 折射的,折光的,屈折的reliable 可靠的, 可信赖的render 报答, 提出, 致使repeat (基因)重复,反复,重现,复制,重复,背诵repetition 重复,反复,重现,复制品,副本,再发representative 代表的,典型的,代替,(有)代表性(的) reproduce 再生产,再现,复制repulsive 逐退的, 辞退的, 冷淡的; 可憎的, 讨厌的resonance 共振(现象),谐振,共鸣,回声,反响,中介现象resorcinol 间苯二酚,雷锁辛reversibility 可反转性,可逆性,可回溯性rinse 冲洗,漂(洗),冲洗剂,漱rod 竿, 笞鞭, 小枝rotatory 旋转的,转动的salicylate 水杨酸盐,水杨酸脂,水杨酸酯salicylic 水杨酰的,水杨酸基的sandal 凉鞋,便鞋,檀香[木]saponification 皂化(作用)scribble 潦草的写法, 潦草写成的东西, 杂文; secondary 第二的,第二位的,中级的,次级的,仲的,续发的shake 摇动, 震动;shatter 粉碎,打碎,破坏significant 显著的,有效的,有意义的,重要的silica 硅酸酐,二氧化硅silicone 硅酮,(聚)硅酮simmer 徐沸,慢沸,缓缦沸腾slacken 放松使松弛, 变弱slurry 膏剂,淤浆,泥浆,煤泥,粘合液,粘结剂,填充材料smother 使……喘不过气, 使……窒息snug 舒适的, 合身的;sodium 钠soln [=solution]凝固,固化solubility (可)溶性,可溶性,溶解度,溶解性solute 溶质spatter 飞沫,雾沫溅spatula 铲,药刀,软膏刀,匙形物,压舌板,刮铲,刮勺,匙突specify 叙述, 指定, 说明; 规定,指定,详细说明spectrum (复spectra)光谱,光系,波谱spherical 球的,球体的,球状的,球形的,球面的,天体的spill 流(血),倒(水),溢出,流出spillage 泄漏,泄漏量,溢出,溢出物spin 纺织, 旋转, 拉长spin 自旋,旋转,自转spinach 菠菜spinning 旋压纺织spirit 通过蒸馏得到的或易挥发的液体中的任何一种,如酒精,醑剂精神, 心灵, 人格; spiro 呼吸,螺旋stagger 蹒跚,犹豫,狐疑stereochemistry 立体化学steroid 甾(类),甾族(化合物),类固醇stick 粘住,棍棒,手杖,杆,棒,条,卡住,操纵杆,插于, 刺入, 竖起stiff 坚硬的, 严厉的, 呆板的still 蒸馏釜,蒸馏器静止的, 不动的, 静寂的仍然, 更, 静止地; 然而, 但是stillhead 蒸馏头stillpot 蒸馏釜,蒸馏锅stock 原种,砧木,贮存,储藏,原料,材料,株,家系,血统,家畜,种族,树干,茎梗,台,座,架,柄, stoichiometry 化学计量学,化学量论stopper 停影剂,塞子,塞(头),制动器,充填器,阀,阻塞物,塞住,制止strain 劳损,滤过,肌牵张过度,运动过度,株,系,过劳,肌用力过度,特种,品系,菌株,菌种,扭伤, stubborn 顽固的stupor 无感觉, 人事不省, 麻痹styrene 苯乙烯,苏合香烯subdivision 再分,细分,分部,小类sublimation 升华(作用),提高,纯化subsequent 后来的,继后的,后的substitution 取代,置换,代替,替换substrate 酶作用物,底物,基质,基层,附着层,基底物质,酶解物subtract 减去,扣除succession 演变,顺序性,连续性,继承性,系列,序列,系统,生长顺序,次序,演替,世系,连续suction 抽吸,吸取,吸力,吸引,吸出,进气,吸气,吸水管,吸,吸出suffice 满足……的需要,充分,足够sulfanilic 对氨基苯磺酸,磺胺酸sulfate 硫酸盐,硫酸酯,硫酸根(部分)sulfide 硫化物sulfonic 磺基的酸性硫酸基的sulfur 硫磺sulfuric 硫磺的; 含多量硫磺的sulfurous 硫磺的; 含有硫磺的supernatant 浮于上层的,浮于表层的,上层清液,上清液,上浮物,浮在表层的swirl 漩涡, 涡状形;symmetric 相称性的; 均衡的symmetrical 对称的,匀称的synergistic 协同的,协同作用的synopsis 概要,提要,说明书,梗概tabular 列表的,表格式的,平片状的,板状的taper 逐渐变细,逐渐减少,逐渐减弱,锥形,锥体,锥度,拔销,微光,渐尖的tarry 焦油状的,涂焦油的,煤胶物质的tautomer 互变异构体tautomerism 互变异构(现象)teflon [=tetrafluoro-ethylene resin]聚四氟乙烯树脂tentative 试验性质的,假定的,试验,推测,暂时的,试验的term 术语, 名词, 期限;termination 终止,结局,结束,终点ternary 三元的,三进制的tertiary 第三的,第三期的,特的,叔的(化学)tetrachloride 四氯化物thaw 溶化,融化,解冻thermocouple 热电偶,温差电偶thermodynamics 热力学thermometer 摄氏(celsius)温标,摄氏(celsius)温度计,温度计,体温表thiamine 硫胺素,维生素b1,硫胺(素),抗神经炎维生素thiazole 噻唑,1,3-硫氮杂茂thiophene 噻吩,硫(杂)茂[抗菌药]thiourea 硫脲,硫尿素threo 苏-,异边-tilt 倾斜,斜置tingtingle 有刺痛感,兴奋,激动tiny 很小的titrate 滴定,被滴定液,逐步滴加,逐步增高剂量,边增加边观察titration 滴定,滴定法toluene 甲苯toluene 甲苯(染料或火药的原料)tong 夹子torque 转矩,力矩,转力矩,扭(力)矩,扭转,偏振光面上的旋转效应transcript 转录物,转录本transition 跃迁,过渡,转变,临界trap 设圈套, 设陷阱, 自陷, 中断, 捕捉trial and error 试验与误差,反复试验tripod 三脚架,三脚台,三脚支撑物trough 谷,沟,槽tubing 管,管道,输液管,油管turbidity 浊度,混浊度混浊, 混乱turning 屑twist 扭,拧,绞,绞合,扭曲,弯曲,绞合器,捻转器,扭转uncrack 未裂开的, 无裂缝的undecane 十一烷undetected 未被发现的undue 不相称的,不适当的,过度的uniform 同样的,均匀的,一致的urea 尿素,氧化淀粉,脲,碳酰胺urination 排尿valence (原子)价,(化合)价,效价ventricular 室的,心室的,腹的,胃的verify .证实,验证versus 对……,与……比较vial 玻璃罐; 药水瓶;vicinal 邻位的,连位的,附近的vicinity 附近,邻近vigorous 强健的,有力的,旺盛的vinegar 醋,醋剂vinyl 乙烯基,乙烯树脂viscous 粘的, 有粘性的, 粘性的volumertric 体积计, 容积计waft 信号旗; 用信号旗打信号watch glass 表玻璃,表面玻璃watchword 口令, 标语, 口号with respect to 关于,就……而论withdraw 撤回, 取回, 撤退wobble 摆动, 动摇, 不稳定;wool 羊毛,绒棉,绒毛,棉花xanthophyll 叶黄素,叶黄质,叶黄二醇,胡萝卜醇yellowish 淡黄色的,浅黄色的yne 炔。
大学有机化学双语教学辅助材料专业术语——英文解释
Learning Supplementsin Organic Chemistry有机化学双语教学辅助材料（专业术语及英文解释）Glossary of Organic ChemistryAcetate(醋酸盐). (CH3COO-, C2H3O2-). acetate ion.1. an ion formed by removing the acidic hydrogen of acetic acid, HC2H3O2. 2. a compound derived byreplacing the acidic hydrogen in acetic acid. 3. A fiber made of cellulose acetate.Acetic acid(乙酸). (CH3COOH, C2H4O2). ethanoic acid; vinegar acid; methanecarboxylic acid.A simple organic acid that gives vinegar its characteristic odor and flavor. Glacial acetic acid is pureacetic acid.Acetone (丙酮).[CH3COCH3 or (CH3)2CO]. trivial name for propanone, formed by the oxidation of2-propanolwith KMnO4.Achiral(非手性的). A molecule that's superimposable on its mir ror image. Achiral molecules do not rotateplane-polarized light.Achiral molecule(非手性分子). a molecule that does not contain a stereogenic carbon; an achiral moleculehas a plane ofsymmetry and is superimposable on its mirror image.Acid anhydride（酸酐）[(RCO)2O]. Compare with acid .Nonmetallic oxides or organic compounds that react with water to form acids . For example, SO2, CO2,P2O5, and SO3 are the acid anhydrides of sulfurous, carbonic, phosphoric, and sulfuric acids, respectively. Acetic anhydride (CH3CO)2O) reacts with water to form acetic acid.Acid dissociation constant（酸电离常数）.(Ka) acid ionization constant. Compare with base hydrolysis constant.The equilibrium constant for the dissociation of an acid into a hydrogen ion and an anion. For example, the acid dissociation constant for acetic acid is the equilibrium constant for HC2H3O2(aq)H+(aq) + C2H3O2-(aq), which is Ka = [H+][C2H3O2-]/[HC2H3O2].Acid halide(酰卤)（RCOX）. acid chloride; acyl halide; acyl chloride.Compounds containing a carbonyl group bound to a halogen atom.Acid(酸). (Lat. acidus, sour) Compare with base.A proton donor or an electron pair acceptor. 1. a compound which releases hydrogen ions (H+) in solution (Arrhenius). 2. a compound containing detachable hydrogen ions (Bronsted-Lowry). 3. a compound that can accept a pair of electrons from a base (Lewis)..Acid-base indicator(酸碱指示剂).A weak acid that has acid and base forms with sharply different colors. Changes in pH around the acid's pKa are "indicated" by color changes.Acid/base reaction（酸/碱反应）. a reaction in which an acidic H atom is transferred from one molecule toanother.Addition compound(加成化合物). complex compound. Compare with hydrate.An addition compound contains two or more simpler compounds that can be packed in a definite ratiointo a crystal. A dot is used to separate the compounds in the formula. For example, ZnSO4·7 H2Oan addition compound of zinc sulfate and water. This represents a compound, and not a mixture, because there is a definite 1:7 ratio of zinc sulfate to water in the compound. Hydrates are a commontype of addition compound.Addition reaction(加成反应). A reaction in which two molecules are combined to yield asingle product. Typical of the reactions of alkenes and alkynes.-al(醛，后缀). A suffix added to the systematic names of organic compounds that contain an aldehyde group-(C=O)-H. For example, the systematic name of acetaldehyde, CH3CHO, is ethanal.Alcohol(醇). (ROH) Compare with phenol and hydroxide.A molecule containing a hydroxyl (OH) group. Also a functional group. An alcohol is an organic compound with a carbon bound to a hydroxyl group. Examples are methanol, CH3OH; ethanol, CH3CH2OH; propanol, CH3CH2CH2OH. Compounds with -OH attached to an aromatic ring are calledphenols rather than alcohols.Aldehyde(醛). (RCHO)A molecule containing a terminal carbonyl (CHO) group. Also a functional group. An aldehyde is anorganic compound with a carbon bound to a -(C=O)-H group. Examples are formaldehyde (HCHO),acetaldehyde, CH3CHO, and benzaldehyde, C6H6CHO.Aliphatic(脂肪族的). Compare with aromatic .An organic compound that does not contain ring structures.Alkaline earth(碱土金属). An oxide of an alkaline earth metal, which produces an alkaline solution inreaction with water.Alkali metal(碱金属). (a metal in Group IA on the periodic table): active metals which may be used to reactwith analcohol to produce the corresponding metal alkoxide and hydrogen gas.Alkaline(碱的，碱性的). Having a pH greater than 7.Alkane(烷烃). (RH，CnH2n+2) paraffin. Compare with hydrocarbon and alkene. A molecule containing onlyC-H and C-C single bonds. A series of organic compounds with general formula CnH2n+2. Alkane names endwith -ane. Examples are propane (with n=3) and octane (with n=8).Alkene(烯烃). (CnH2n) A molecule containing one or more carbon-carbon double bonds. Also a functionalgroup. A compound that consists of only carbon and hydrogen, that contains at least one carbon-carbondouble bond. Alkene names end with -ene. Examples are ethylene (CH2=CH2); 1-propene (CH2=CH2CH3),and 2-octane (CH3CH=CH(CH2)4CH3).Alkoxide(醇盐, 烷氧根负离子). (RO- M+) alkoxide ion.An ionic compound formed by removal of hydrogen ions from the hydroxyl group in an alcohol usingreactive metals, e.g. sodium. For example, potassium metal reacts with methanol (CH3OH) to produce potassium methoxide (KOCH3).Alkoxy group（烷氧基）(RO-).a substituent containing an alkyl group linked to an oxygen.Alkyl benzene（烷基苯）(C6H5-R). a benzene ring that has one alkyl group attached; the alkyl group(exceptquaternary alkyl groups) is susceptible to oxidation with hot KMnO4 to yield benzoic acid (C6H5CO2H).Alkyl(烷基). (-CnH2n+1) alkyl group. A molecular fragment derived from an alkane by dropping a hydrogenatom from the formula. Examples are methyl (-CH3) and ethyl (-CH2CH3).Alkyne(炔烃). (CnH2n-2) A molecule containing one or more carbon-carbon triple bonds. Also a functionalgroup. A compound that consists of only carbon and hydrogen, that contains at least one carbon-carbontriple bond. Alkyne names end with -yne. Examples are acetylene (CHidentCH); 1-propyne (CHidentCCH3), and2-octyne (CH3CidentC(CH2)4CH3).Allenes(丙二烯). Propa-1,2-diene (CH2=C=CH2) and derivatives. In allenes the two πbonds are orthogonal(see below), as are the two terminal hydrogens at one end, with respect to those at the other.Allo-(同分异构的). prefix that designates the more stable of a pair of geometric isomers. allo- is sometimesused less precisely to designate isomers or close relatives of a compound.Allyl(烯丙基). allylic; allyl group; allyl radical.A molecular fragment derived by removing a methyl hydrogen from propene (-CH2-CH=CH2). Forexample, "allyl chloride" is 3-chloropropene, Cl-CH2-CH=CH2.Allylic carbon(烯丙基正离子). (CH2=CH-CH2+)An sp3 carbon adjacent to a double bond.Amide(酰胺)(RCONH2). A molecule containing a carbonyl group attached to a nitrogen (-CONR2). Also afunctional group. An amide is an organic compound that contains a carbonyl group bound to nitrogen: .The simplest amides are formamide (HCONH2) and acetamide (CH3CONH2).Amine(胺)(RNH2). Compare with ammine.A molecule containing an isolated nitrogen = (NR3). Also a functional group. An amine is an organiccompound that contains a nitrogen atom bound only to carbon and possibly hydrogen atoms. Examples are methylamine, CH3NH2; dimethylamine, CH3NHCH3; and trimethylamine, (CH3)3N.Amino acid(氨基酸). Amino acids are molecules that contain at least one amine group (-NH2) and at leastone carboxylic acid group (-COOH). When these groups are both attached to the same carbon, the acid is an alpha-amino acid. alpha-amino acids are the basic building blocks of proteins.Amino group（氨基）. the -NH2 group.Ammine(氨络物). Compare with amine.A metal ion complex containing ammonia as a ligand. The ammonia nitrogen is bound directly to ametal ion in ammines; amines differ in that the ammonia nitrogen is directly bound to a carbon atom.Ammonia(氨，氨水). (NH3) Compare with ammonium.Pure NH3 is a colorless gas with a sharp, characteristic odor. It is easily liquified by pressure, and isvery soluble in water. Ammonia acts as a weak base. Aqueous solutions of ammonia are (incorrectly)referred to as "ammonium hydroxide".Ammonium ion(铵根离子). (NH4+) ammonium.NH4+ is a cation formed by neutralization of ammonia, which acts as a weak base.Amphiprotic solvent(两性溶剂). Compare with aprotic solvent.Solvents that exhibit both acidic and basic properties; amphiprotic solvents undergo autoprotolysis.Examples are water, ammonia, and ethanol.Amphoteric(两性的). ampholyte.A substance that can act as either an acid or a base in a reaction. For example, aluminum hydroxidecan neutralize mineral acids ( Al(OH)3 + 3 HCl = AlCl3 + 3 H2O ) or strong bases ( Al(OH)3 + 3 NaOH =Na3AlO3 + 3 H2O).Aniline（苯胺；苯胺的）. (C6H5NH2).a primary (1) amine in which the NH 2 group is bonded directly to abenzene ring..ngstrom (.)(埃，1/10 纳米).Unit of length named after the Swedish physicist, now being superseded by nanometer (nm). 1 . = 10–10 m so that a bond length of 1.54 . is given by 0.154 nm.Anhydrous(无水的). anhydrous compound; anhydride. Compare with hydrate.A compound with all water removed, especially water of hydration. For example, strongly heating copper(II) sulfate pentahydrate (CuSO4·5H2O) produces anhydrous copper(II) sulfate (CuSO4).Anion(阴离子). Compare with cation.A negatively charged atom or molecule. An anion is a negatively charged ion. Nonmetals typically form anions.Anomers(异头物). Anomers are cyclic diastereoisomers that differ only at the hemiacetal carbon. Theanomeric carbon in a sugar is the only carbon that is bonded to two oxygen atoms.Anti(希腊字头，反；抗；对；阻) (see also Anti addition; Anti periplanar). Substituents are anti if they are onopposite sides of a defined reference plane in a molecule. Anti is used to assign stereochemistry toproducts of, for example, asymmetric aldol reactions. The main chain is drawn in the plane of the paper and substituents on opposite sides of the plane are termed anti.Anti addition(反式加成). A reaction in which the two groups of a reagent X-Y add on opposite faces of acarbon-carbon bond. Anti addition of X–Y occurs when X and Y are added to opposite faces of a double bond.Anti clinal(反错构象). When the C–C–C–C dihedral angle is between 90° and 150°, i.e. 120 .30°, theconformation is said to be anti clinal.Anti conformation(反式构象). A type of staggered conformation in which the two big groups are opposite ofeach other in a Newman projection.Anti periplanar (sometimes called Anti)(反式共平面). Term given to a molecular fragment, e.g.X–C(1)–C(2)–Y, or C(1)–C(2)–Y (in this second case, a lone pair of electrons in a p-orbital replacesthe X–C bond), in which the dihedral angle is 180°, or more generally 180 .30°.Anti-aromatic(反芳香性的). A highly unstable planar ring system with 4n pi electrons.Antibonding orbital(反键轨道). antibonding; antibonding molecular orbital.A molecular orbital that can be described as the result of destructive interference of atomic orbitals on bonded atoms. Antibonding orbitals have energies higher than the energies its constituent atomicorbitals would have if the atoms were separate.Anti-periplanar (a.k.a. anticoplanar)(反平面). The conformation in which a hydrogen and a leaving groupare in the same plane and on opposite sides of a carbon-carbon single bond. The conformation required for E2 elimination.Aprotic solvent(非质子溶剂；疏质子溶剂). Compare with amphiprotic solvent.Solvents that do not contain O-H or N-H bonds. A solvent that does not act as an acid or as a base; aprotic solvents don't undergo autoprotolysis. Examples are pentane, pet ether, and toluene.Aqua regia(王水).A mixture of nitric and hydrochloric acids, usually 1:3 or 1:4 parts HNO3 to HCl, used to dissolvegold.Arene(芳香烃). (ArH)A hydrocarbon that contains at least one aromatic ring.Aromatic(芳香族的). A planar ring system that contains uninterrupted p orbitals around the ring and a total of4n+2 pi electrons. Aromatic compounds are unusually stable compounds.Aromatic compound(芳族化合物).A compound containing an aromatic ring. Aromatic compounds have strong, characteristic odors. Aromatic ring(芳环). (Ar)An exceptionally stable planar ring of atoms with resonance structures that consist of alternating double and single bonds, e. g. benzene:Aryl(芳基). (Ar-) aryl group.An aromatic group as a substituent. A molecular fragment or group attached to a molecule by an atom that is on an aromatic ring.Aspirin（阿司匹林；乙酰水杨酸）.trivial name for the compound acetylsalicylic acid; formed by treating salicylicacid with aceticanhydride.Asymmetric carbon atom（不对称碳原子；手性碳原子）. a carbon atom with four different substituents; astereogenic carbon.Atactic(不规则的). This adjective describes a polymer whose stereogenic centres along the polymer chainare randomly oriented.Atropisomers(位阻异构体). Stereoisomers that arise from restricted rotation around a single bond in whichthe barrier to rotation is sufficiently high for the stereoisomers to be isolated. Certain ortho disubstituted biphenyls are atropisomers, and the stereoisomers referred to in this case are enantiomers.Average bond enthalpy(平均键焓). Compare with bond enthalpy.Average enthalpy change per mole when the same type of bond is broken in the gas phase for manysimilar substancesAxial bonds(直立键). A bond perpendicular to the equator of the ring (up or down), typically in a chaircyclohexane. In the chair conformation of cyclohexanes, axial bonds are described as being: (a) parallel to the C3 axis, or (b) perpendicular to a general plane that contains the majority of carbon atoms.Axial chirality(轴手性；轴不对称). Chirality that has its origins in the non-planar disposition of groups withrespect to an axis,and exemplified by 1,3-dichloroallene, certain alkylidenecyclohexanes and4-substituted cyclohexanone oximes.Axial(轴的).1. An atom, bond, or lone pair that is perpendicular to equatorial atoms, bonds, and lone pairs in a trigonal bipyramidal molecular geometry.Azo(偶氮). azo compound; azo group; azo dye.The azo group has the general structure Ar-N=N-Ar', where Ar and Ar' indicate substituted aromaticrings. Compounds containing the azo compounds are often intensely colored and are economically important as dyes. Methyl orange is an example of an azo dye.Base hydrolysis constant(碱水解常数). (Kb) base ionization constant; basic hydrolysis constant. Comparewith acid dissociation constant.The equilibrium constant for the hydrolysis reaction associated with a base. For example, Kb for ammonia is the equilibrium constant for NH3(aq) + H2O(ell) doublearrowNH4+(aq) + OH-(aq), or Kb =[NH4+][OH-]/[NH3].Base(碱). alkali; alkaline; basic. Compare with acid.A proton acceptor or an electron pair donor.1. a compound that reacts with an acid to form a salt.2. a compound that produces hydroxide ions inaqueous solution (Arrhenius). 3. a molecule or ion that captures hydrogen ions.(Bronsted-Lowry).4. amolecule or ion that donates an electron pair to form a chemical bond.(Lewis).Benzaldehyde（苯甲醛；安息香醛）.(C6H5CHO).simplest aromatic aldehyde, formed by the controlledoxidation of benzyl alcohol; vigorous oxidation yields benzoic acid.Benzene（苯）. an aromatic cyclic hydrocarbon of formula C6H6.Benzoic acid（苯甲酸）(C6H5CO2H): simplest aromatic carboxylic acid, formed by the vigorous oxidation ofalkyl benzene, benzyl alcohol, and benzaldehyde.Benzyl group(苄基；苯甲基) (C6H5CH2-). A benzene ring plus a methylene (CH2) unit (C6H5-CH2-).Benzylic position( ). The position of a carbon attached to a benzene ring.Benzyne(苯炔; 脱氢苯). A highly reactive intermediate. A benzene ring with a triple bond.Bicyclic(二环的). A molecule with two rings that share at least two carbons.Binary compound(二元化合物). Compare with compound.A compound that contains two different elements. NaCl is a binary compound; NaClO is not.Bond energy(键能). bond enthalpy(键焓).Compare with bond enthalpy.Energy change per mole when a bond is broken in the gas phase for a particular substance.Bond length(键长).The average distance between the nuclei of two bonded atoms in a stable molecule.Bond order(键级).1. In Lewis structures, the number of electron pairs shared by two atoms.2. In molecular orbital theory,the net number of electron pairs in bonding orbitals (calculated as half the difference between the number of electrons in bonding orbitals and the number of electrons in antibonding orbitals.Bridgehead carbon(桥头碳原子). In an unsubstituted hydrocarbon that consists of two or more fused orbridged rings, with two or more carbons in common, the bridgehead carbons are tertiary carbons common to two or more rings. Bridgehead carbons can be substituted by, for example, Cl,OH, etc. Inbicyclo[2.2.1]heptane the bridgehead carbons are C(1) and C(4); in bicyclo[4.4.0]decane they are C(1) and C(6).Br.sted acid(布朗斯特酸). Compare with acid.A material that gives up hydrogen ions in a chemical reaction.Br.sted base(布朗斯特碱). Compare with base.A material that accepts hydrogen ions in a chemical reaction.Brosylate (4-bromobenzenesulfonate, 4-BrC6H4SO3)(对甲基苯磺酸盐). Slightly mbetter leaving groupgroup than tosylate in substitution and elimination reactions. Usually abbreviated to OBs.Buffer(缓冲液). pH buffer; buffer solution.A solution that can maintain its pH value with little change when acids or bases are added to it. Buffer solutions are usually prepared as mixtures of a weak acid with its own salt or mixtures of saltsof weak acids. For example, a 50:50 mixture of 1 M acetic acid and 1 M sodium acetate buffers pHaround 4.7.Cahn–Ingold–Prelog (CIP) R/S convention(R/S构型命名法). The most widely used method for assignmentof configuration to stereogenic centres (and chiral axes). Substituents at stereogenic centres are given ranking numbers 1, 2, 3 and 4, associated with decreasing atomic number; configuration is then assigned as in Chapter 2.Canonical forms (also called resonance structures)(共振结构式). These are different mLewis structures thatare alternative ways of representing the actual structure of a molecule that contains delocalized bonds. One draws several possible structures that all have the same number of unpaired electrons, and in which the relative positions of the nuclei are the same. Each canonical structure contributes inproportion to its stability, so that the structure is a weighted average of all canonical structures. These delocalized canonical structures have no individual existence. As an example, aromatic compounds and amides are weighted averages of two or more canonical forms (or Lewis structures);in the case of an amide, these are, for example, R12N–C(=O)R2 and R12N+=C(O–)R2.Carbanion(负碳离子). A negatively charged carbon atom.Carbene(碳烯). A reactive intermediate, characterized by a neutral, electron-deficient carbon center with twosubstituents (R2C:).Carbocation(碳正离子). A positively charged carbon.Carbonyl(羰基). carbonyl group.A carbon double bonded to oxygen (C=O). A divalent group consisting of a carbon atom with a double-bond to oxygen. For example, acetone (CH3-(C=O)-CH3) is a carbonyl group linking twomethyl groups. Also refers to a compound of a metal with carbon monoxide, such as iron carbonyl,Fe(CO)5.Carboxylic acid(羧酸)(RCOOH). carboxyl; carboxyl group.A molecule containing a carboxyl (COOH) group.Also a functional group. A carboxylic acid is an organic molecule with a -(C=O)-OH group. The group is also written as -COOH and is called a carboxyl group. The hydrogen on the -COOH group ionizes in water; carboxylic acids are weak acids.The simplest carboxylic acids are formic acid (H-COOH) and acetic acid (CH3-COOH).Carotene(胡萝卜素).Carotene is an unsaturated hydrocarbon pigment found in many plants. Carotene is the basic buildingblock of vitamin A.Catalyst（催化剂）a substance which changes the rate of a chemical reaction but is unchanged at the end ofthe reaction; an example would be the Pt used in the hydrogenation of alkenes.Cation(阳离子). Compare with anion.A positively charged molecule or atom. A cation is a positively charged ion. Metals typically form cations.Chair conformation(椅式构象). Typically, the most stable cyclohexane conformation. Looks like a chair. Thelowest energy conformation of cyclohexane. All the vicinal C–H bonds are staggered; this conformation has very little angle strain or torsion strain.Chelate(螯合的).A stable complex of a metal with one or more polydentate ligands. For example, calcium complexeswith EDTA to form a chelate.Chemical bond(化学键). bond; bonding; chemical bonding.A chemical bond is a strong attraction between two or more atoms. Bonds hold atoms in moleculesand crystals together. There are many types of chemical bonds, but all involve electrons which areeither shared or transferred between the bonded atoms.Chemical shift(化学位移). The location of an NMR peak relative to the standard tetramethylsilane (TMS),given in units of parts per million (ppm).Chiral center(手性中心). asymmetric center.A carbon or other atom with four nonidentical substituents. An atom in a molecule that causes chirality,usually an atom that is bound to four different groups. A molecule can have chirality without having achiral center, and a molecule may also have more than one chiral centers.Chiral molecule(手性分子). A molecule that's not superimposable on its mirror image. Chiral molecules rotateplane-polarized light.Chiral(手性的). chirality(手性).Having nonsuperimposable mirror images. For example, a shoe or a glove is chiral.A chiral (or handed) molecule is one that is not superimposable on its mirror image. The adjective isideally restricted to single molecules. An object such as a helix can also be described as chiral.The property of non-identity of an object with its mirror image. An object, e.g. a molecule in a givenconfiguration or conformation, is said to be chiral when it is not identical with its mirror image.Cis(顺式). Groups or atoms are cis when they lie on the same side of an identifiable reference plane in amolecule.Two identical substituents on the same side of a double bond or ring.Concerted(一致的；协同的). In a concerted reaction the bonding changes occur in a single step andsimultaneously.Condensation reaction(缩合反应). A reaction in which a small molecule (usually HO or HX) is produced inthe combination of two other molecules.2Configuration(构型). The three-dimensional arrangement (or sequence) in space of atoms, or functionalgroups, that characterizes a stereoisomer. In order to change a configuration, bond breaking and bond re-forming in a different sequence must occur. Enantiomers have opposite configurations.Configurations are denoted by R/S; D/L; E/Z. Configuration should be contrasted withconformation, in which changes are brought about only by bond rotation.Conformation (boat)( 船式构象). A conformation of cyclohexane that, by virtue of two eclipsed C–C bondsand a 1,4 non-bonded H...H interaction, is of higher energy than the chair conformation. So called because it resembles a boat when viewed sideways on.Conformation (chair)( 椅式构象). The lowest energy conformation of cyclohexane, in which all C–C bondsare staggered, and which has very little angle or torsional strain. This conformation resembles a chair when viewed sideways on.Conformation (eclipsed)(重叠式构象). When, for example, in ethane the dihedral angle .between a pair ofhydrogens on adjacent carbons is 0°; this is the least stable conformation. In butane, both C–C–C–Cdihedral angles of 0.(synperiplanar) and 120.(anticlinal) are eclipsed; the C–H bonds are eclipsedhere also. Some rigid molecules, e.g. bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane, have the C–H bonds at C(2), C(3), C(5)and C(6) locked in an eclipsed conformation.Conformation (skewed)(扭曲式构象). As above, but with the value of between 0° and 60°; there are aninfinite number of skewed conformations.Conformation (staggered)(交叉式构象). As above but with ..= 60°; in the case of ethane, the most stableconformation. Butane has a gauche staggered conformation in which the C–C–C–C dihedral angle is60°and an antiperiplanar staggered conformation in which the corresponding dihedral angle is 180°.Conformation(构象). The instantaneous spatial arrangements of atoms. Conformations can change byrotation around single bonds. The instantaneous spatial arrangements of atoms. Conformations can change by rotation around single bonds.Conformers(构象异构体). conformation(构象).Molecular arrangements that differ only by rotations around single bonds. For example, the "boat" and"chair" forms of cyclohexane are conformers.Conjugate acid(共轭酸). The acid that results from protonation of a base.Conjugate base(共轭碱). The base that results from the deprotonation of an acid.Conjugated double bonds(共轭双键). Double bonds separated by one carbon-carbon single bond. Alternating double bonds.Conjugation(共轭).A general feature of molecules which haveadjacent p-orbitals as in molecules withalternating multiple bonds. Electrons are said to be delocalized through extended π bonding.Conrotatory(顺旋). This adjective indicates that both p-orbitals at the terminal carbons (and the substituentsat these carbons) of a conjugated acyclic hydrocarbon rotate in the same sense, both clockwise or both anti-clockwise, during ring closure. Also applied to the reverse step, namely ring opening.Constitutional isomers(构造异构体). Molecules with the same molecular formula but with atoms attached indifferent ways.Coordination number(配位数).The number of bonds formed by the central atom in a metal-ligand complex.Coupling constant( 耦合常数). The distance between two neighboring lines in an NMR peak (given in unitsof Hz).Coupling protons(耦合质子). Protons that interact with each other and split the NMR peak into a certainnumber of lines following the n+1 rule.Covalent bond(共价键). covalent; covalently bound. Compare with covalent compound and ionic bond.Bond in which the two electrons are shared between the two atoms.A covalent bond is a very strong attraction between two or more atoms that are sharing their electrons.In structural formulas, covalent bonds are represented by a line drawn between the symbols of the bonded atoms.A compound made of molecules- not ions. The atoms in the compound are bound together by sharedelectrons. Also called a molecular compound.Cyclic compound（环状化合物）a molecule which has the two ends of the carbon chain connected togetherto form a ring.Crystal field splitting energy(晶体场分裂能). (Delta)Ligands*complexed to a metal ion will raise the energy of some of its d orbitals and lower the energyof others. The difference in energy is called the crystal field splitting energy.Crystal field theory( 晶体场理论). crystal field.The color, spectra, and magnetic properties of metal-ligand complexes can be explained by modelingthe effect of ligands on metal's d orbital energies.Cupric. (Cu2+) cupric ion(二价铜的).Deprecated. 1. the copper(II) ion, Cu2+. 2. A compound that contains copper in the +2 oxidation state.Cuprous. (Cu+) cuprous ion(亚铜的).Deprecated. 1. the copper(I) ion, Cu+. 2. A compound that contains copper in the +1 oxidationstate.Cycloaddition reaction( 环化加成反应). In the context of pericyclic reactions, this term refers to twomolecules, the same or different, with one or more .bonds, that combine to form a cyclic compound withcreation of two new .bonds in a concerted, bimolecular reaction. Of course, cycloaddition reactions mayproceed stepwise, but these are not pericyclic reactions.D-. D-isomer(D-异构体). Compare with L- .Prefix used to designate a dextrorotatory enantiomer .D-. D-isomer(D-异构体). Compare with L-.Prefix used to designate a dextrorotatory enantiomer.Dehydration（脱水）an elimination reaction in which an alcohol reacts with concentrated acid to yield analkene plus water.Dehydrogenases(脱氢酶). Enzymes that operate in conjunction with a cofactor,usually NADH. Despite thename, dehydrogenases catalyse both dehydrogenation (oxidation) and reduction reactions, under appropriate conditions.dehydrohalogenation(脱去卤化氢). Loss of a hydrohalic acid (like HBr, HCl, and so on) to form adouble bond.Delta value (a.k.a. d value)(δ：化学位移值). The chemical shift. The location of an NMR peak relative to thestandard tetramethylsilane (TMS), given in units of parts per million (ppm).Dextrorotatory (d)( 右旋的). Having the property of rotating plane-polarized light clockwise.Description given to a chiral compound that rotates the plane of polarized light (usually of wavelength589.6 nm, the sodium D line) in a clockwise sense as the observer looks into the propagating beam.Diastereoisomers(非对映异构体). Stereoisomers that are not mirror images of each other. Stereoisomers。
有机化学中常见名词中英文对照
有机化学中常见名词中英文对照英中对照abietic acid (松香酸)acetal(缩醛)acid anhydride(酸酐)A．Couper（古柏尔）acridine（吖啶）acronycine (山油柑碱)acidylating reaction(酰化反应)acyl group(酰基)acyl halide (酰卤)adenine（腺嘌呤）adrenal cortex hormone (肾上腺皮质激素) A.Kekule（开库勒）alanine（丙氨酸）alcoholysis(醇解)aldehyde(醛)alicyclic hydrocarbon(脂环烃)alizarin(茜草素)alizarin-type(茜素型)alkane（烷烃）alkene（烯烃）alkylation（傅-克烷基化反应）alkyne（炔烃）aloeemodin (芦荟大黄素)amines（胺类）amide(酰胺)amidino（脒基）amino acid（氨基酸）β-aminobutyric acid（β-氨基丁酸）ammonolysis(氨解)andiron formula（锯架式）andrographolide (穿心莲内酯)anisodine (樟柳碱)annulene（轮烯）anomer（异头物）anomeric effect（异头效应）anthocyanidin (花色素)anthraquinone (蒽醌)anthrol (蒽酚)anthrone (蒽酮)anthracene（蒽）antiaromaticity or antiaromatic compound（反芳香性化合物）apigenin (芹菜素)apple polyphenols (苹果多酚) aromatic compound（芳香性化合物）aromatic hydrocarbon（芳香烃）aromaticity（芳香性）aromatization（芳构化）arecoline (槟榔碱)arginine（精氨酸）aspartic acid（天冬氨酸）asymmetric carbon atom (手性碳原子) atomic orbital（原子轨道）A.Wurtz reaction（武兹反应）axial bond（直立键，a键）azulene）Baeyer（拜耳）baicalein (黄芩素)baicalin (黄芩苷)barbital(巴比妥)barbituric acid(巴比妥酸) base complementary(碱基配对) benzoimidazole（苯并咪唑）benzothiazole（苯并噻唑）benzene（苯）berberine (小檗碱)Berzelius（伯察留史）beta-pleated sheet（ -折叠）bi-anthracene nucleus (双蒽核) biological methylate（生物甲基化）biuret reaction(缩二脲反应)σbond （σ键）πbond （π键）borneol (龙脑)Braun reaction (布朗反应)bridged hydrocarbon（桥环烃）bytrepob（布特力洛夫）camphor(樟脑)cardiac glycosides(强心苷) camptothecine (喜树碱)carotene (胡萝卜素)carthamin (红花苷)carbene（卡宾;碳烯）carbohydrate（碳水化合物）carbonyl (羰基)carboxyl(羧基)carboxylic acid(羧酸)cassiamine (山扁豆双醌)catechin (儿茶素)cellobiose（纤维二糖）cellulose（纤维素）cephalin(脑磷脂)chain carbon constitution（链状碳架）chain initiation step（链引发阶段）chain propagation step（链增长阶段）chain termination step（链终止阶段）chalcone (查尔酮)charge-transfer complex（电荷转移络合物）chemical bond（化学键）chemocholic acid(鹅去氧胆酸)chirality(手性)chitin（甲壳质）chitosamine（壳糖胺）chlorophyll（叶绿素）cholalic acid (胆甾酸)cholestane (胆甾烷)cholesterol (胆甾醇)chromatography（色谱法）chrysophanol 9-anthrone (9-蒽酮大黄酚)chrysarobin (柯桠素)cinchonine（金鸡宁）cis-trans isomer（顺反异构体）cistrans isomerism（顺反异构）citral(柠檬醛)Claisen rearrangement（克莱森重排）Claisen-Schmidt reaction（克莱森－斯密特反应）cocaine (古柯碱)codonopsine (党参碱)concerted reaction（协同反应）condensed nuclei hydrocarbon（稠环烃）conformation（构象）conformational isomerism（构象异构）coniine (毒芹碱)conjugated diene（共轭二烯烃）conjugation system (共轭体系)conjugative effect（共轭效应）conservation of orbital symmetry（分子轨道对称性守恒理论）constitutional isomerism (构造异构)coprostane (粪甾烷)cortisone (可的松)crown ether（冠醚）cumulative diene（聚集二烯烃）curcumenol (莪术醇)cyanidin (矢车菊素)cyclic carbon constitution（环状碳架）cycloaddition recation（环加成反应）cycloalkane (脂环烃)cyclodextrin（环糊精）cysteine（半胱氨酸）daidzein (大豆黄素)Darzens reaction(达尔森反应) decarboxylation(脱羧反应) delocaization(离域)delocalization energy(离域能) delocalized electron（离域电子）delocalized energy(离域能)delphinidin(飞燕草素)denature（变性）deoxyribonucleic acid(脱氧核糖核酸) derivative of carboxylic acid (羧酸衍生物) diastereoisomer（非对映体）diazotization reaction（重氮化反应）diazonium salt（重氮盐）diborane（乙硼烷）dichlorocarbene（二氯卡宾）β-dichroine (β-常山碱)Diels—Alder reaction（狄尔斯—阿尔德反应）diene（双烯体，二烯烃）dienophile（亲双烯体）dihydrochalcone (二氢查尔酮) β—dihydrotheelin (β—雌二醇)distillation（蒸馏法）diterpenoids (二萜类)effective atomic number（有效原子序数）E.J.Cory—H.House reaction（科瑞—郝思反应）electric field scan（电场扫描）18-electron rule（18电子规则）electromeric effect（电性效应）electrophilic addition（亲电加成反应）electrophilic substitution（亲电取代）electrophile（亲电性试剂）elimination reaction（消除反应）Emde degradation (埃姆德降解)1-emetine(1-吐根碱)emodin-type (大黄素型)enantiomerism（对映异构）enantiomer(对映体)end－group effect（端基效应）entgegen（E,相反之意）energy of activation（活化能）enzyme（酶）ephedrine (麻黄碱)epicatechin (表儿茶素)epicatechin gallate(表儿茶素没食子酸酯) epigallocatechin (表没食子儿茶素)epigallocatechin gallate (表没食子儿茶素，没食子酸酯) epimer(差向异构体)epoxidation（环氧化反应）equatorial bond(平伏键，e键)ergometrine(麦角新碱)ergostenol (麦角甾醇)essential amino acid（必需氨基酸）essential fatty acid(必需脂肪酸)ester(酯)esterification(酯化反应)extraction（萃取法）farnesol (金合欢醇)fatty acid(脂肪酸)Fischer projection formula(费歇尔投影式)flavanol (黄烷醇)flavanone (二氢黄酮)flavanonol (二氢黄酮醇)flavonoid (黄酮)flavonol (黄酮醇)formalin(福尔马林)free radical （自由基）free radical chain reaction （自由基链反应） Freon （氟利昂）Friedel-Crafts reaction （傅瑞德尔－克拉夫兹反应） reagent ( 试剂 )frontier orbital (前线轨道理论)fructose （果糖）fucose （海藻糖）furan （呋喃）fused ring carbon constitution （稠环碳架） F.Wohler （武勒）Gabreil reaction （盖布瑞尔合成法）galactose （半乳糖） ..Frohde ..Frohdegallocatechin (没食子儿茶素)gallocatechin gallate (没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯) Gattermann-Koch reaction（盖特曼－科希反应）geometricalisomer（几何异构体）germacrone (杜鹃酮)glucose（葡萄糖）glutamic acid（谷氨酸）glutamine（谷酰胺）glycerol（甘油）glycocholic acid (甘氨胆酸)glycogen（糖原）glycoside（糖苷）glycyrrhizic acid (甘草酸)glycyrrhetinicacid (甘草次酸)Gmelin（哥美林）green tea polyphenols(绿茶多酚)Grignard Reaction（格氏反应）Grignard Reagent（格林那试剂，格氏试剂）G.Schiemann reaction（希曼反应）guaiazulene (愈创木奥)guanidine(胍)guanidino (胍基)guanine（鸟嘌呤）guanyl (脒基)haloform（卤仿）halogenation（卤代反应）halogenation reaction（卤化反应）Haworth（哈沃斯）heat of hydrogenation（氢化热）heat of reaction（反应热）hemiacetal(半缩醛)hesperetin (橙皮素)Hinsberg reaction（兴斯堡反应）histidine（组氨酸）H.Kolbe（科尔贝）Hoffmann degradation（霍夫曼降解反应）Hoffmann elimination（霍夫曼消除）Hoffmann exhaustive methylation（霍夫曼彻底甲基化反应）HOMO(Highest Occupied Molecnlar Orbital，最高被占用分子轨道) homolog（同系物）homologous series（同系列）hormone (激素)Hückel rule（休克尔规则）hybrid orbital（杂化轨道）hydroboration（硼氢化反应）hydrocortisone (氢化可的松) hydrogen bond（氢键）hydrolysis(水解)hyoscyamine (莨菪碱) hyperconjugation effect（超共轭效应）imidazole（咪唑）inclusion compound（包含物）indole（吲哚）inductive effect（诱导效应）infrared spectroscopy（红外光谱）insulin（胰岛素）invert sugar（转化糖）iodine number(碘值)tectoridin (鸢尾苷)isoelectric point（PI,等电点）isoflavanone (二氢异黄酮)isoflavone (异黄酮)isolated diene（隔离二烯烃）isoleucine（异亮氨酸）isoliquiritigenin (异甘草素)isomer（同分异构体）isoquinoline（异喹啉）isorhamnetin (异鼠李素) isorhynchophylline (异钩藤碱)isothiazole（异噻唑）isoxazole（异噁唑）Jones reagent（琼斯试剂）ketal(缩酮)ketone(酮)K.fries rearrangement（傅瑞斯重排）K.Fukui (福井谦一)Knoevenagel reaction（克脑文盖尔反应）Kolbe-Schmidt reaction（柯尔柏-施密特反应）Kutchcrov reaction（库切洛夫反应）lactose（乳糖）lecithin(卵磷脂)leptosidin (莱普西汀)leucine（亮氨酸）leucocyanidin (无色矢车菊素)limonene (苧烯)Lindlar（林德拉）liquiritin (甘草苷)lithium methide（甲基锂）lobeline (山梗菜碱)Lucas reagent（卢卡斯试剂）LUMO(Lowest Unoccupied Molecular Orbital)最低空余分子轨道lupinine (羽扇豆碱)lycopene (番茄红素)lycopodine (石松碱)lysine（赖氨酸）maackiain (高丽槐素)Macquis reagent (Macquis试剂)macrophylline (大叶千里光碱)magnesium acetate reaction (醋酸镁反应)magnetic field scan（磁场扫描）malonyl urea(丙二酰脲)maltose（麦芽糖）Mannich reaction（满尼希反应）mannose（甘露糖）mass spectroscopy（质谱）matrine (苦参碱)M. Besthelot（佰赛儒）Mclafferty（麦可拉费蒂重排）(-)-melacacidin [(-)黑金合欢素]menthol(薄荷醇)（±）-menthol [（±）-薄荷醇] menthone (薄荷酮)mesomer （内消旋体）methionine（蛋氨酸）methylporgestin (甲孕酮)provera(甲孕酮)methyltestosterone (甲基睾丸素) molecular orbital（分子轨道）molecular orbital theory（分子轨道理论）monoanthracene nucleus (单蒽核) monocrotaline (一野百合碱)monomer(单体)monoterpenoids (单萜) monosaccharide（单糖）morphine (吗啡)mutarotation（变旋光现象）naphthalene（萘）narcotine (那可汀)natrium amalgam reaction (钠汞齐反应) （±）-neomenthol [（±）-新薄荷醇] nerol (橙花醇)Newman projection（纽曼投影式）Newman projection formula(纽曼投影式)Nicol prism(尼科尔棱镜)nicotine (烟碱)ninhydrin(茚三酮)nitration（硝化反应）nitro compound（硝基化合物）nonaromatic compound（非芳香性化合物）nonbenzenoid hydrocarbon（非苯芳烃）nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy（核磁共振谱）nucleic acid(核酸)nucleophilic addition(亲核加成反应）nucleophilic reagent（亲核试剂）nucleoside(核苷)nucleotide(核苷酸)ocimene (罗勒烯)oligosaccharide（寡糖）frontier orbital (前线轨道理论）Oppenaner oxidizing reaction（欧芬脑尔氧化）optical isomer (旋光异构体)optical rotation instrument(旋光仪)organometallic compound（有机金属化合物）organometallics （金属有机化合物）orientation rule （定位规则）oxanthranol (氧化蒽酚)oxazole （噁唑）oxidation number （氧化值）oxidation state （氧化态）盐） oxonium salt oxymatrine (氧化苦参碱)palmatine (巴马汀)papaverine (罂粟碱)paraffin （烷烃）pelargonidin(天竺葵素)peptide （肽）peptide bond （肽键）peptide linkage(肽键)pericyclic reaction （周环反应）Perkin reaction (柏金反应)permeation （透析法）peroxide (过氧化物)peroxide effect (过氧化物效应)phellamurin (黄柏素-7-O-葡萄糖苷) phenanthrene （菲）phenylalanine （苯丙氨酸）phosphorus ylide（膦叶立德）phylloxanthin (叶黄素)physostigmine (毒扁豆碱)pinacol（频哪醇）pinene (蒎烯)piperine (胡椒碱)plane polarized light (平面偏振光) polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon（多环芳烃）polymer（聚合物）polynuclear aromatic compound（稠环芳烃）polypeptide（多肽）polyreaction（聚合反应）polysaccharide（多糖）polytetrafluroethyleney（泰氟隆）unsaturated fatty acid(不饱和脂肪酸) precipitation（沉淀法）primary structure（一级结构）proanthocyanidin (原花色素) progesterone (黄体酮)protein（蛋白质）pseudoephedrine (伪麻黄碱)pteridine（蝶啶）purine（嘌呤）pyran（吡喃）pyrazine（吡嗪）pyrazole（吡唑）pyridazine（哒嗪）pyridine（吡啶）pyrimidine（嘧啶）pyrrole（吡咯）quaternary structure（四级结构）quercetin (槲皮素)quinine (奎宁)quinoline（喹啉）quinones（醌）racemic mixture(外消旋体)racemization（外消旋化）rancidity(酸败)Raney Ni（兰尼镍）reaction mechanism（反应历程）Reimer-Tiemann reaction（瑞穆尔－蒂曼反应）reserpine (利血平)residue（残基）resonance energy（共振能）resonance hybrid（共振杂化体）resonance theory（共振论）resonating structure（共振结构式）resveratrol (白藜芦醇)R.B.Woodward（伍德沃德）rhein (大黄酸)R.Hoffmann (霍夫曼)rhynchophylline (钩藤碱)ribonucleic acid(核糖核酸)ribose（核糖）rotation (旋光度)rutin (芦丁)saccharide（糖类）Sandmeyer-Gattermann reaction（桑得迈尔—盖特曼反应）Sandmeyer reaction（桑得迈尔反应）saponification(皂化)saponification number(皂化值)Sarrett reagent（沙瑞特试剂）Sawhares projection（萨哈斯投影式）sawhorse projection formula(锯架式)Schiff’s base(西佛碱)secondary structure（二级结构）securinine (一叶萩碱)sennoside A、B、C、D (番泻苷A、B、C、D) serine（丝氨酸）sesquiterpenoids (倍半萜)sigmatropic reaction（σ键迁移反应）silane（硅烷）single bond(单键)sinoacutine (清风藤碱)β—sitosterol (β—谷甾醇)skyrin (天精,醌茜素)S N(Nucleophilic substitution)（亲核取代）S N1（单分子亲核取代反应）S N2 （双分子亲核取代反sodium borohydride reaction (四氢硼钠反应) sparteine (金雀花碱)specific rotation (比旋光度)sphingomyelin(鞘磷脂)spiro hydrocarbon（螺环烃）squalene (鲨烯)stachydrine (水苏碱)starch（淀粉）stereochemistry (立体化学)stereoisomer（立体异构）stereocpecificity (立体专一性)steroidal compound (甾体化合物)Stevens rearrangement（史蒂文斯重排）stigmastane (豆甾烷)strychnine (士的宁)sucrose（蔗糖）sulfonation（磺化反应）systematic nomenclature（系统命名法）taurocholic acid (牛磺胆酸)tautomer（互变异构体）tautomerism（互变异构现象）taxifolin (黄杉素)tea polyphenols（茶多酚）Teflon （泰氟隆）terpenoid (萜类化合物)tertiary structure（三级结构）testosterone (睾丸素)tetrahydropalmatine (延胡索乙素, 四氢巴马汀) tetramethyl silane（四甲基硅烷）tetraterpenoid（四萜类）thiazole（噻唑）thiophene（噻吩）threonine（苏氨酸）torsional energy（扭转能）torsional strain（扭转张力）transition sate（过渡态）triglyceride(甘油三酯)trimethyl aluminium（三甲基铝）triptolide (雷公藤甲素)triterpenoid(三萜类)tryptophan（色氨酸）tylophorinine (娃儿藤定碱)tyrosine（酪氨酸）uridine(尿嘧啶)urea(脲)urotropine（乌洛托品）valence bond method（价键学说）valine（缬氨酸）visible-ultraviolet spectroscopy（可见－紫外光谱）vitamin A(维生素A)vitamin B12（维生素B12）Wilkinson (威尔克森)Williamson synthesis（威廉森合成法）Wittig reaction（维蒂希反应）zingiberene (姜烯)Zusammen（Z，德文，在一起之意）中英对照1 A1A 反应历程(1A1Areaction mechanism )吖啶（acridine）埃姆德降解(Emde degradation)安息香缩合反应（benzoic condensation reaction）氨基酸（amino acid）β-氨基丁酸（β-aminobutyric acid）氨解(ammonolysis)胺（amines）azulene）2 BAC 反应历程(2BACreaction mechanism )巴比妥(barbital)巴马汀(palmatine)白藜芦醇(resveratrol)拜耳（Baeyer）佰赛儒（M. Besthelot）半缩醛(semiacetal )半胱氨酸（cysteine）半乳糖（galactose）包含物（inclusion compound）苯丙氨酸（phenylalanine）苯（benzene）苯甲酸(benzoic acid)苯二甲酸(benzene dicarboxylic acid)苯并咪唑（benzimidazole）苯并噻唑（benzothiazole）倍半萜(sesquiterpenoid)比旋光度(specific rotation)必需氨基酸（essential amino acid）变性（denature）变旋光现象（mutarotation）表儿茶素(epicatechin)表儿茶素没食子酸酯(epicatechin gallate)表没食子儿茶素(epigallocatechin)表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯(epigallocatechin gallate) 表面活性剂(surface active agent )槟榔碱(arecoline)丙氨酸（alanine）丙氨酸乙硫酯（ethyl alanine sulfide）丙二酰脲 (malonyl urea)伯察留史（Berzelius）柏金(Perkin)反应薄荷醇(menthol)（±）—薄荷醇(（±）—menthol)薄荷酮(menthone)布特力洛夫（Bytrepob）布朗反应(Braun reaction)残基（residue）草酸（oxalic acid）超共轭效应（hyperconjugation effect）差向异构体(epimer)查尔酮(chalcone)茶多酚（tea polyphenols）β-常山碱(β-dichroine)沉淀法（precipitation）橙皮素(hesperetin)橙花醇(nerol)稠环芳烃（polynuclear aromatic compound）稠环碳架（fused ring carbon constitution）醇钠（sodium alcohols）醇解(alcoholysis)穿心莲内酯(andrographolide)磁场扫描（magnetic field scan）β—雌二醇(β—dihydrotheelin)醋酸镁反应(magnesium acetate reaction )萃取法（extraction）DDQ(2,3－二氯－5,6－氰基－1,4－苯醌)大黄素型(emodin-type)大黄酸(rhein)大豆黄素(daidzein)大叶千里光碱(macrophylline)达尔森(Darzen)反应哒嗪（pyridazine）单键(single bond)单体(monomer)单蒽核(monoanthracene nucleus)单萜(monoterpenoids)单糖（monosaccharide）单线态(singlet)蛋氨酸（methionine）蛋白质（protein）胆甾烷(cholestane)胆甾醇(cholesterol)胆甾酸(cholalic acid)胆甾烷(cholestane)胆甾醇(cholesterol)党参碱(codonopsine)等电点（isoelectric point ,PI）迪克曼反应(Dieckmann reaction )狄尔斯－阿尔德（Diels-Alher）电场扫描（electric field scan）电性效应（electromeric effect）电荷转移络合物（charge-transfer complex）碘仿试验(iodoform test)碘值( iodine number )淀粉（starch）敌敌畏(dichlorovos)蝶啶（pteridine）丁烯二酸(butene dioic acid)定位规则（orientationg rule）动力学概念（dynamical concept）豆甾烷(stigmastane)毒芹碱(coniine)毒扁豆碱(physostigmine)杜鹃酮 (germacrone)端基效应（end－group effect）对映异构（enantiomerism）对映体(enantiomers)对氨基苯磺酰胺(sulfanilamide)多环芳烃（polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon）多糖（polysaccharide）多肽（polypeptide）多磷酸酯(polyphosphate ester)E（entgegen，德文，相反之意）EAN规则（EAN rule）莪术醇(curcumenol)鹅去氧胆酸(chemocholic acid)噁唑（oxazole）蒽（anthracene）蒽酚(anthrol)蒽醌(anthraquinones)蒽酮(anthrone)9-蒽酮大黄酚(chrysophanol 9-anthrone)儿茶素(catechin)二烯烃（diene）二氯卡宾（dichlorocarbene）二甲亚砜（dimethyl sulfoxide）二巯基丙醇(dimercaptopropanol )二级结构（secondary structure）二氢黄酮(flavanone)二氢黄酮醇(flavanonol)二氢异黄酮(isoflavanone)二氢查尔酮(dihydrochalcone)二萜类(diterpenoids)番泻苷A、B、C、D(sennoside A、B、C、D) 番茄红素(lycopene)反芳香性化合物（antiaromatic compound）反应历程（reaction mechanism）反应热（heat of reaction）芳香烃（aromatic hydrocarbon）芳香性（aromaticity）芳香性化合物（aromatic compound）芳构化（aromatization）放氮反应(denitrification)飞燕草素(delphinidin)非芳香性化合物（nonaromatic compound）非离子表面活性剂（nonionic）非对映体（diasteroisomer）非质子性溶剂（nonprotonic solvent ）非苯芳烃（nonbenzenoid hydrocarbon）菲（phenanthrene）斐林溶液( Fehting solution )费歇尔（E.Fischer）费歇尔投影式(Fischer projection formula)分子轨道（molecular orbital）分子轨道对称性守恒理论（conservation of orbital symmetry theory）分子轨道理论（molecular orbital theory）酚苄明（Phenoxybenzamine）芬克尔斯坦(Finkelstein)芬氟拉明（fenfluramine）粪甾烷(coprostane)氟芬那酸（flufenamic Acid）福井谦一(K.Fukui)傅-克反应（Friedel-Crafts alkylation reaction）傅瑞斯重排（K.fries rearrangement）傅瑞德-克拉天茨反应（Friedel-Crafts reaction）辅酶Q10（coenzyme Q10）呋喃（furan）盖布瑞尔合成法（Gabreil reaction）盖特曼－科希（Gattermann-Koch）反应甘露糖（mannose）甘氨酸（glycine）甘油（glycerol）甘氨胆酸(glycocholic acid)甘草酸(glycyrrhizic acid)甘草次酸(glycyrrhetinic acid) 甘草苷(liquiritin)高丽槐素(maackiain)睾丸素(testosterone)隔离二烯烃（isolated diene）格林那试剂（Grignard reagent）哥美林（Gmelin）共振能（resonance energy）共振论（resonance theory）共振杂化体（resonance hybrid）共振结构式（resonating structure）共轭效应（conjugative effect）共轭体系(conjugation system)共轭二烯烃（conjugated diene）构象（conformation）构象异构（conformational isomerism）构造异构(constitutional isomerism)构型保持(configuration conservation)构型转化(configuration inversion)钩藤碱(rhynchophylline)β—谷甾醇(β—sitosterol)谷氨酸（glutamic acid）谷酰胺（glutamine）古柏尔（A. Couper）古柯碱(cocaine)胍(guanidine )寡糖（oligasaccharide）冠醚（crown ether）光学异构体(optical isomer)硅烷（silane）硅油(silicon oil)过氧化物(peroxide)过氧化物效应(peroxide effect)过渡态（transition state）果糖（fructose）哈沃斯（Haworth）海藻糖（fucose）核磁共振谱（nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy）核苷酸(nucleotide)核苷(nucleoside)核酸(nucleic acid)核糖（ribose）(-)-黑金合欢素[(-)melacacidin)]红古豆碱(cuskohygrine)红花苷(carthamin)红外光谱（infrared spectroscopy）互变异构现象（tautomerism）互变异构体（tautomer）胡萝卜素(carotene)胡椒碱(piperine)槲皮素(quercetin)化学键（chemical bond）花色素(anthocyanidin)环烃（cyclic hydrocarbon）环氧化反应（epoxidation）环加成反应（cycloaddition recation）环状碳架（cyclic carbon constitution）环己二酮(cyclic hexanedione)环糊精（cyclodextrin）α,β－环氧酸酯(α,β－cycloxacid ester)黄柏素-7-O-葡萄糖苷(phellamurin)黄芩素(baicalein)黄芩苷(baicalin)黄杉素(taxifolin)黄酮(flavonoid)黄酮醇(flavonol)黄烷醇(flavanol)黄体酮(progesterone)磺胺(sulfanilamide)磺化反应（sulfonation）活化能（energy of activation）霍夫曼(R.Hofmann)霍夫曼降解反应（Hoffmann degradation）霍夫曼消除（Hoffmann elimination）霍夫曼彻底甲基化反应（Hoffmann exhaustive methylation）几何异构体（geometricalisomer）己二胺(hexanediamine)季铵盐(quaternary ammonium salt)季铵碱(quaternnary ammonium hydrate )季膦盐( quaternary phosphonium salt )激素(hormone)甲孕酮(methporgestin)甲基睾丸素(methyl testosterone)甲基锂（lithium methlde）甲壳质（chitin）价键学说（valence bond method）假酸式(pseudo-acid form )σ键（σbond）σ键迁移反应（sigmatropic reaction）π键（πbond）碱基配对规律(base pairing rule)姜烯(zingiberene)胶束(micelle)交叉醇醛缩合反应(crossed aldol reaction)金合欢醇(farnesol)金属有机化合物（metalloorganic compound）金雀花碱(sparteine)金鸡宁（cinchonine）金刚烷胺(symmetrel)紧密离子对(tightness ionpair )精氨酸（arginine）竞争反应(competing reaction )聚合物（polymer）聚合反应（polyreaction）聚集二烯烃（cumulative diene）锯架式(andiron formula ; sawhorse projection formula) 卡宾（碳烯）（Carbene）开息纳尔－武尔夫（Kishner-Wolff）－黄鸣龙法凯库勒（A. Kekule）康尼查罗(Cannizzaro ) 反应科尔贝（H. Kolbe）科瑞—郝思反应（E.J.Cory—H.House reaction）可的松(cortisone)可见－紫外光谱（visible-ultraviolet spectroscopy）克莱森－斯密特（Claisen-Schmidt）反应克脑文盖尔（Knoevenagel）反应克莱门森（Clemmensen）还原反应克莱森重排（Claisen rearrangement）克莱森缩合反应(Claisen condensation reaction ) 柯尔柏-施密特反应（Kolbe-schmidt reaction）柯亚素(chrysarobin)壳糖胺（chitosamine）苦参碱(matrine)库切洛夫反应（Kutchcrov reaction）奎宁(quinine)喹啉（quinoline）醌（quinones）醌氢醌(quinhydrone)莱普西汀(leptosidin)赖氨酸（lysine）兰尼镍（Raney Ni）莨菪碱(hyoscyamine)雷公藤甲素(triptolide)利血平(reserpine)立体选择性(stereoselective)立体专一性(stereospecific)立体异构（stereoisomer）离域(delocalization)离域能(delocalization energy ;delocalized energy)离域电子（delocalized electron）离去基团(leaving group )链引发阶段（chain initiation step）链增长阶段（chain propagation step）链终止阶段（chain termination step）链状碳架（chain carbon constitution）亮氨酸（leucine）林德拉（Lindlar）膦叶立德（phosphorus ylide）膦(phosphureted hydrogen)鏻盐(phosphorate)膦酸(phosphonic acid )硫脲(thiourea )硫醇(thioalcohol )硫醚(thioether )硫酚(phenylsulfhydryl )留氮反应(reaction of nitrogen retention) 龙脑(borneol)卤代反应（halogenation）卤仿（haloform）卤仿反应(haloform reaction )卢卡斯试剂（Lucas reagent）芦荟大黄素(aloe-emodin)芦丁(rutin)α－卵磷脂(α－lecithine )轮烯（annulene）酪氨酸（tyrosine）罗勒烯(ocimene)罗森孟德(Rosenmund)还原法螺环烃（spiro hydrocarbon）氯乙酸甲酯(methyl chloroacetate) (chloro acetyl formate) 绿茶多酚(green tea polyphenols)马尔可夫尼可夫（Markovnikov）规则麻黄碱(ephedrine)吗啡(morphine)麦可拉费蒂（Mclafferty）麦芽糖（maltose）麦角甾醇(ergostenol)麦角新碱(ergometrine)麦克尔加成(Michael addition)满尼希（Mannich）反应梅尔外英－彭多夫（Meerwein-Poundorf）还原反应酶（enzyme）没食子儿茶素(gallocatechin)没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯(gallocatechin gallate)脒基(amidino)嘧啶（pyrimidine）咪唑（imidazole）那可汀(narcotine)钠汞齐反应(natrium amalgam reaction)萘（naphthalene）脑磷脂(cephalin)内消旋体（meso－form）尼科尔棱镜(Nicol prism)脲(尿素) (urea)鸟嘌呤（guanine）尿嘧啶（uracil）柠檬醛(citral)苧烯(limonene)牛磺胆酸(taurocholic acid)纽曼投影式（Newmans projection formular）扭转能（torsional energy）扭转张力（torsional strain）欧芬脑尔氧化反应（Oppenaner oxidizing reaction）偶氮基(azo)偶合（偶联）反应(coupling reaction）偶合组分（或偶合剂）（coupling agent ）偶极-离子键（dipolar-ionic bond ）蒎烯(pinene)硼氢化反应（hydroboration））硼氢化钠（NaBH4吡哆醛(pyridoxal)吡咯（pyrrole）吡喃（pyran）吡嗪（pyrazine）吡唑（pyrazole）吡啶（pyridine）嘌呤（purine）频哪醇（pinacol）平面偏振光(plane polarized light)平伏键(e键，equatorial bonds)苹果多酚(apple polyphenols)普鲁卡因(procaine )葡萄糖（glucose）歧化反应(disproportionation reaction )前列腺素( prostaglandin)前线轨道(frontier orbital）理论茜草素(alizarin)茜素型(alizarin-type)强心苷(cardiac glycosides)羟肟酸(hydroximic acid )β－羟基醛(β－hydroxy aldehyde )桥环烃（bridged hydrocarbon）鞘磷脂(sphingomyelinicacid)亲电性试剂（electrophile）亲电加成反应（electrophilic addition）亲电取代（electrophilic substitution）亲核试剂（nucleophilic reagent）亲核加成反应（nucleophilic addition）亲核取代(nucleophilic substitution)亲核取代反应历程(nucleophilic substitution reavtion mechanism) 亲双烯体（dienophile）芹菜素(apigenin)氢解( hydrogenolysis)氢化苯基锡(hydrogenation benztin)氢化正丁基锡( hydrogenation butyltin )氢化油(hydrogenated oil )氢化可的松(hydrocortisone)氢化热（heat of hydrogenation）氢甲酰化法（hydroformylation）氢键（hydrogen bond）清风藤碱(sinoacutine)琼斯试剂（Jones reagent）炔烃（alkyne）热力学概念(thermodynamic conception )溶剂化效应(solvating effect)乳糖（lactose）瑞穆尔-蒂曼反应（Reamer-Timann reaction）萨哈斯投影式（Sawhares projection）噻吩（thiophene）噻唑（thiazole）三萜(triterpenoids)三甲基铝（trimethyl aluminium）三级结构（tertiary structure）三线态（triplet state）三苯基膦(triphenyl phosphine)三磷酸腺苷（adenosine triphosphate）桑得迈尔反应（Sandmeyer reaction）桑得迈尔—盖特曼反应（Sandmeyer-Gattermann reaction）色氨酸（tryptophan）色谱法（chromatography）沙瑞特试剂（Sarrett reagent）鲨烯(squalene)山油柑碱(acronycine)山扁豆双醌(cassiamine)山梗菜碱(lobeline)肾上腺皮质激素(adrenal cortex hormone)生物甲基化（biological methylate）18电子规则（18- electron rule）史蒂文斯重排（Stevens rearrangement）石松碱(lycopodine)士的宁(strychnine)矢车菊素(cyanidin)手性(chirality)水苏碱(stachydrine)双蒽核(bi-anthracene nucleus)双烯体（diene）顺反异构（cistrans isomerism）顺反异构体（cis-trans isomer）四氢巴马汀（tetrahydropalmatine）四级结构（quaternary structure）四氢硼钠反应(sodium borohydride reaction) 四萜(quadruterpene)四甲基硅烷（tetramethylsilane）丝氨酸（serine）松香酸(abietic acid)苏氨酸（threonine）酸败（rancidity ）缩醛（acetal）缩二脲反应（biuret reaction）肽（peptide）肽键（peptide bond）碳水化合物（carbohydrate）碳酰氯(carbonyl chloride ;phosgene )糖类（saccharide）糖苷（glycoside）糖原（glycogen）天冬氨酸（aspartic acid）天精(skyrin)天竺葵素(pelargonidin)萜类化合物(terpenoids)同系列（homologous series）同系物（homolog）同分异构体（isomer）酮(ketone)透析法（permeation）1-吐根碱(1-emetine)脱羧反应(decarboxylic reaction)娃儿藤定碱(tylophorinine)瓦尔登转化(Walden inversion)外消旋体(racemic mixture)外消旋化（racemization）烷烃（alkane）维生素A(vitamin A)维生素B12（vitamin B12）维生素K1、K2（vitamin K1、K2）维蒂希反应（Wittig reaction）伪麻黄碱(pseudoephedrine)威尔克森(wilkinson)威廉森合成法（Williamson synthesis）武勒（F. Wohler）无色矢车菊素(leucocyanidin)伍德沃德（R.B.Woodward）武兹反应（A.Wurtz reaction）烯烃（alkene）系统命名法（systematic nomenclature）西佛碱（Schiff ’s base）希夫（schiff）试剂吸电子共轭效应(electronwithdrawing conjugative effect) 喜树碱(camptothecine)西佛碱（schiff base）希曼反应（G.Schiemann reaction）纤维二糖（cellobiose）纤维素（cellulose）腺嘌呤（adenine）硝化反应（nitration）消除反应（elimination reaction）小檗碱(berberine)硝基化合物（nitro compounds）协同反应（concerted reaction）缬氨酸（valine）（±）—新薄荷醇[（±）—neomenthol]兴斯堡反应（Hinsberg reaction）胸腺嘧啶（thymine）12-15休克尔规则（Hückel rule）比旋光度(specific rotatory power)旋光仪(optical rotation instrument)旋光异构体(optical isomer)血红素（haemachrome）亚硝酸（nitrous acid）烟碱(nicotine)延胡索乙素(tetrahydropalmatine)盐酸-镁粉反应(HCl-Mg powder reaction)盐酸-锌粉反应(HCl-Zn powder reaction)盐（oxonium salt）氧化苦参碱(oxymatrine)氧化蒽酚(oxanthranol)氧化态（oxidation state）氧化值（oxidation number）阳离子表面活性剂（cationic surface active agent）叶黄素(phylloxanthin)叶绿素（chlorophyll）一叶萩碱(securinine)一野百合碱(monocrotaline)一级结构（primary structure）乙硼烷（diborane）1－乙炔基环戊醇（1－ethynyl cyclopentanol ）乙二胺（ethylene diamine）乙烯酮（ethenone ;ketene ）乙酸（acetic acid）乙二酸（ethanedioic acid ）异甘草素(isoliquiritigenin)异黄酮(isoflavone)异鼠李素(isorhamnetin)异钩藤碱(isorhynchophylline)异亮氨酸（isoleucine）异头物（anomer）异头效应（anomeric effect）异噁唑（isoxazole）异噻唑（isothiazole）异腈（胩）（isonitrile）异喹啉（isoquinoline）胰岛素（insulin）阴离子表面活性剂（anionic surface active agent）茚三酮（ninhydrin ）吲哚（indole）罂粟碱(papaverine)油脂（axunge；grease；lipin；）有效原子序数（effective atomic number）有机金属化合物（organometallic compound）有机锂(organic-Li) (organic lithium ) (organolithium compound) 诱导效应（inductive effect）羽扇豆碱(lupinine)愈创木奥(guaiazulene)原花色素(proanthocyanidin)鸢尾苷(iridin)原子轨道（atomic orbital）Z（Zusammen，德文，在一起之意）杂化轨道（hybrid orbital）杂环碳架（heterocycle carbon constitution）甾体化合物(steroidal compound)皂化反应(saponification reaction)皂化值(saponification value)扎依采夫(Saytzeff)规则樟柳碱(anisodine)樟脑(camphor)蔗糖（sucrose）-折叠（beta-pleated sheet）蒸馏法（distillation）质谱（mass spectroscopy）质子性溶剂(protonic solvent)脂环烃(alicyclic hydrocarbon；cycloalkane）直立键（a键，axial bond）重氮化反应（diazotization reaction）重氮盐（diazonium salt）重氮组分(diazocomponent)重氮甲烷(diazomethane)周环反应（pericyclic reaction）转化糖（invert sugar）自由基（free radical）自由基链反应（free radical chain reaction）β－紫罗兰酮(β－ionone )。
有机化学中常见名词中英文对照
有机化学中常见名词中英文对照英中对照abietic acid (松香酸)acetal(缩醛)acid anhydride(酸酐)A．Couper（古柏尔）acridine（吖啶）acronycine (山油柑碱)acidylating reaction(酰化反应)acyl group(酰基)acyl halide (酰卤)adenine（腺嘌呤）adrenal cortex hormone (肾上腺皮质激素) A.Kekule（开库勒）alanine（丙氨酸）alcoholysis(醇解)aldehyde(醛)alicyclic hydrocarbon(脂环烃)alizarin(茜草素)alizarin-type(茜素型)alkane（烷烃）alkene（烯烃）alkylation（傅-克烷基化反应）alkyne（炔烃）aloeemodin (芦荟大黄素)amines（胺类）amide(酰胺)amidino（脒基）amino acid（氨基酸）β-aminobutyric acid（β-氨基丁酸）ammonolysis(氨解)andiron formula（锯架式）andrographolide (穿心莲内酯)anisodine (樟柳碱)annulene（轮烯）anomer（异头物）anomeric effect（异头效应）anthocyanidin (花色素)anthraquinone (蒽醌)anthrol (蒽酚)anthrone (蒽酮)anthracene（蒽）antiaromaticity or antiaromatic compound（反芳香性化合物）apigenin (芹菜素)apple polyphenols (苹果多酚) aromatic compound（芳香性化合物）aromatic hydrocarbon（芳香烃）aromaticity（芳香性）aromatization（芳构化）arecoline (槟榔碱)arginine（精氨酸）aspartic acid（天冬氨酸）asymmetric carbon atom (手性碳原子) atomic orbital（原子轨道）A.Wurtz reaction（武兹反应）axial bond（直立键，a键）azulene）Baeyer（拜耳）baicalein (黄芩素)baicalin (黄芩苷)barbital(巴比妥)barbituric acid(巴比妥酸) base complementary(碱基配对) benzoimidazole（苯并咪唑）benzothiazole（苯并噻唑）benzene（苯）berberine (小檗碱)Berzelius（伯察留史）beta-pleated sheet（ -折叠）bi-anthracene nucleus (双蒽核) biological methylate（生物甲基化）biuret reaction(缩二脲反应)σbond （σ键）πbond （π键）borneol (龙脑)Braun reaction (布朗反应)bridged hydrocarbon（桥环烃）bytrepob（布特力洛夫）camphor(樟脑)cardiac glycosides(强心苷) camptothecine (喜树碱)carotene (胡萝卜素)carthamin (红花苷)carbene（卡宾;碳烯）carbohydrate（碳水化合物）carbonyl (羰基)carboxyl(羧基)carboxylic acid(羧酸)cassiamine (山扁豆双醌)catechin (儿茶素)cellobiose（纤维二糖）cellulose（纤维素）cephalin(脑磷脂)chain carbon constitution（链状碳架）chain initiation step（链引发阶段）chain propagation step（链增长阶段）chain termination step（链终止阶段）chalcone (查尔酮)charge-transfer complex（电荷转移络合物）chemical bond（化学键）chemocholic acid(鹅去氧胆酸)chirality(手性)chitin（甲壳质）chitosamine（壳糖胺）chlorophyll（叶绿素）cholalic acid (胆甾酸)cholestane (胆甾烷)cholesterol (胆甾醇)chromatography（色谱法）chrysophanol 9-anthrone (9-蒽酮大黄酚)chrysarobin (柯桠素)cinchonine（金鸡宁）cis-trans isomer（顺反异构体）cistrans isomerism（顺反异构）citral(柠檬醛)Claisen rearrangement（克莱森重排）Claisen-Schmidt reaction（克莱森－斯密特反应）cocaine (古柯碱)codonopsine (党参碱)concerted reaction（协同反应）condensed nuclei hydrocarbon（稠环烃）conformation（构象）conformational isomerism（构象异构）coniine (毒芹碱)conjugated diene（共轭二烯烃）conjugation system (共轭体系)conjugative effect（共轭效应）conservation of orbital symmetry（分子轨道对称性守恒理论）constitutional isomerism (构造异构)coprostane (粪甾烷)cortisone (可的松)crown ether（冠醚）cumulative diene（聚集二烯烃）curcumenol (莪术醇)cyanidin (矢车菊素)cyclic carbon constitution（环状碳架）cycloaddition recation（环加成反应）cycloalkane (脂环烃)cyclodextrin（环糊精）cysteine（半胱氨酸）daidzein (大豆黄素)Darzens reaction(达尔森反应) decarboxylation(脱羧反应) delocaization(离域)delocalization energy(离域能) delocalized electron（离域电子）delocalized energy(离域能)delphinidin(飞燕草素)denature（变性）deoxyribonucleic acid(脱氧核糖核酸) derivative of carboxylic acid (羧酸衍生物) diastereoisomer（非对映体）diazotization reaction（重氮化反应）diazonium salt（重氮盐）diborane（乙硼烷）dichlorocarbene（二氯卡宾）β-dichroine (β-常山碱)Diels—Alder reaction（狄尔斯—阿尔德反应）diene（双烯体，二烯烃）dienophile（亲双烯体）dihydrochalcone (二氢查尔酮) β—dihydrotheelin (β—雌二醇)distillation（蒸馏法）diterpenoids (二萜类)effective atomic number（有效原子序数）E.J.Cory—H.House reaction（科瑞—郝思反应）electric field scan（电场扫描）18-electron rule（18电子规则）electromeric effect（电性效应）electrophilic addition（亲电加成反应）electrophilic substitution（亲电取代）electrophile（亲电性试剂）elimination reaction（消除反应）Emde degradation (埃姆德降解)1-emetine(1-吐根碱)emodin-type (大黄素型)enantiomerism（对映异构）enantiomer(对映体)end－group effect（端基效应）entgegen（E,相反之意）energy of activation（活化能）enzyme（酶）ephedrine (麻黄碱)epicatechin (表儿茶素)epicatechin gallate(表儿茶素没食子酸酯) epigallocatechin (表没食子儿茶素)epigallocatechin gallate (表没食子儿茶素，没食子酸酯) epimer(差向异构体)epoxidation（环氧化反应）equatorial bond(平伏键，e键)ergometrine(麦角新碱)ergostenol (麦角甾醇)essential amino acid（必需氨基酸）essential fatty acid(必需脂肪酸)ester(酯)esterification(酯化反应)extraction（萃取法）farnesol (金合欢醇)fatty acid(脂肪酸)Fischer projection formula(费歇尔投影式)flavanol (黄烷醇)flavanone (二氢黄酮)flavanonol (二氢黄酮醇)flavonoid (黄酮)flavonol (黄酮醇)formalin(福尔马林)free radical （自由基）free radical chain reaction （自由基链反应）Freon （氟利昂）Friedel-Crafts reaction （傅瑞德尔－克拉夫兹反应）reagent ( 试剂 )frontier orbital (前线轨道理论)fructose （果糖）fucose （海藻糖）furan （呋喃）fused ring carbon constitution （稠环碳架）F.Wohler （武勒）Gabreil reaction （盖布瑞尔合成法）galactose （半乳糖） ..Frohde ..Frohdegallocatechin (没食子儿茶素)gallocatechin gallate (没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯) Gattermann-Koch reaction（盖特曼－科希反应）geometricalisomer（几何异构体）germacrone (杜鹃酮)glucose（葡萄糖）glutamic acid（谷氨酸）glutamine（谷酰胺）glycerol（甘油）glycocholic acid (甘氨胆酸)glycogen（糖原）glycoside（糖苷）glycyrrhizic acid (甘草酸)glycyrrhetinicacid (甘草次酸)Gmelin（哥美林）green tea polyphenols(绿茶多酚)Grignard Reaction（格氏反应）Grignard Reagent（格林那试剂，格氏试剂）G.Schiemann reaction（希曼反应）guaiazulene (愈创木奥)guanidine(胍)guanidino (胍基)guanine（鸟嘌呤）guanyl (脒基)haloform（卤仿）halogenation（卤代反应）halogenation reaction（卤化反应）Haworth（哈沃斯）heat of hydrogenation（氢化热）heat of reaction（反应热）hemiacetal(半缩醛)hesperetin (橙皮素)Hinsberg reaction（兴斯堡反应）histidine（组氨酸）H.Kolbe（科尔贝）Hoffmann degradation（霍夫曼降解反应）Hoffmann elimination（霍夫曼消除）Hoffmann exhaustive methylation（霍夫曼彻底甲基化反应）HOMO(Highest Occupied Molecnlar Orbital，最高被占用分子轨道) homolog（同系物）homologous series（同系列）hormone (激素)Hückel rule（休克尔规则）hybrid orbital（杂化轨道）hydroboration（硼氢化反应）hydrocortisone (氢化可的松) hydrogen bond（氢键）hydrolysis(水解)hyoscyamine (莨菪碱) hyperconjugation effect（超共轭效应）imidazole（咪唑）inclusion compound（包含物）indole（吲哚）inductive effect（诱导效应）infrared spectroscopy（红外光谱）insulin（胰岛素）invert sugar（转化糖）iodine number(碘值)tectoridin (鸢尾苷)isoelectric point（PI,等电点）isoflavanone (二氢异黄酮)isoflavone (异黄酮)isolated diene（隔离二烯烃）isoleucine（异亮氨酸）isoliquiritigenin (异甘草素)isomer（同分异构体）isoquinoline（异喹啉）isorhamnetin (异鼠李素) isorhynchophylline (异钩藤碱)isothiazole（异噻唑）isoxazole（异噁唑）Jones reagent（琼斯试剂）ketal(缩酮)ketone(酮)K.fries rearrangement（傅瑞斯重排）K.Fukui (福井谦一)Knoevenagel reaction（克脑文盖尔反应）Kolbe-Schmidt reaction（柯尔柏-施密特反应）Kutchcrov reaction（库切洛夫反应）lactose（乳糖）lecithin(卵磷脂)leptosidin (莱普西汀)leucine（亮氨酸）leucocyanidin (无色矢车菊素)limonene (苧烯)Lindlar（林德拉）liquiritin (甘草苷)lithium methide（甲基锂）lobeline (山梗菜碱)Lucas reagent（卢卡斯试剂）LUMO(Lowest Unoccupied Molecular Orbital)最低空余分子轨道lupinine (羽扇豆碱)lycopene (番茄红素)lycopodine (石松碱)lysine（赖氨酸）maackiain (高丽槐素)Macquis reagent (Macquis试剂)macrophylline (大叶千里光碱)magnesium acetate reaction (醋酸镁反应)magnetic field scan（磁场扫描）malonyl urea(丙二酰脲)maltose（麦芽糖）Mannich reaction（满尼希反应）mannose（甘露糖）mass spectroscopy（质谱）matrine (苦参碱)M. Besthelot（佰赛儒）Mclafferty（麦可拉费蒂重排）(-)-melacacidin [(-)黑金合欢素]menthol(薄荷醇)（±）-menthol [（±）-薄荷醇] menthone (薄荷酮)mesomer （内消旋体）methionine（蛋氨酸）methylporgestin (甲孕酮)provera(甲孕酮)methyltestosterone (甲基睾丸素) molecular orbital（分子轨道）molecular orbital theory（分子轨道理论）monoanthracene nucleus (单蒽核) monocrotaline (一野百合碱)monomer(单体)monoterpenoids (单萜) monosaccharide（单糖）morphine (吗啡)mutarotation（变旋光现象）naphthalene（萘）narcotine (那可汀)natrium amalgam reaction (钠汞齐反应) （±）-neomenthol [（±）-新薄荷醇] nerol (橙花醇)Newman projection（纽曼投影式）Newman projection formula(纽曼投影式)Nicol prism(尼科尔棱镜)nicotine (烟碱)ninhydrin(茚三酮)nitration（硝化反应）nitro compound（硝基化合物）nonaromatic compound（非芳香性化合物）nonbenzenoid hydrocarbon（非苯芳烃）nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy（核磁共振谱）nucleic acid(核酸)nucleophilic addition(亲核加成反应）nucleophilic reagent（亲核试剂）nucleoside(核苷)nucleotide(核苷酸)ocimene (罗勒烯)oligosaccharide（寡糖）frontier orbital (前线轨道理论）Oppenaner oxidizing reaction（欧芬脑尔氧化）optical isomer (旋光异构体)optical rotation instrument(旋光仪)organometallic compound（有机金属化合物）organometallics （金属有机化合物）orientation rule （定位规则）oxanthranol (氧化蒽酚)oxazole （噁唑）oxidation number （氧化值）oxidation state （氧化态）盐） oxonium salt oxymatrine (氧化苦参碱)palmatine (巴马汀)papaverine (罂粟碱)paraffin （烷烃）pelargonidin(天竺葵素)peptide （肽）peptide bond （肽键）peptide linkage(肽键)pericyclic reaction （周环反应）Perkin reaction (柏金反应)permeation （透析法）peroxide (过氧化物)peroxide effect (过氧化物效应)phellamurin (黄柏素-7-O-葡萄糖苷)phenanthrene （菲）phenylalanine （苯丙氨酸）phosphorus ylide（膦叶立德）phylloxanthin (叶黄素)physostigmine (毒扁豆碱)pinacol（频哪醇）pinene (蒎烯)piperine (胡椒碱)plane polarized light (平面偏振光) polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon（多环芳烃）polymer（聚合物）polynuclear aromatic compound（稠环芳烃）polypeptide（多肽）polyreaction（聚合反应）polysaccharide（多糖）polytetrafluroethyleney（泰氟隆）unsaturated fatty acid(不饱和脂肪酸) precipitation（沉淀法）primary structure（一级结构）proanthocyanidin (原花色素) progesterone (黄体酮)protein（蛋白质）pseudoephedrine (伪麻黄碱)pteridine（蝶啶）purine（嘌呤）pyran（吡喃）pyrazine（吡嗪）pyrazole（吡唑）pyridazine（哒嗪）pyridine（吡啶）pyrimidine（嘧啶）pyrrole（吡咯）quaternary structure（四级结构）quercetin (槲皮素)quinine (奎宁)quinoline（喹啉）quinones（醌）racemic mixture(外消旋体)racemization（外消旋化）rancidity(酸败)Raney Ni（兰尼镍）reaction mechanism（反应历程）Reimer-Tiemann reaction（瑞穆尔－蒂曼反应）reserpine (利血平)residue（残基）resonance energy（共振能）resonance hybrid（共振杂化体）resonance theory（共振论）resonating structure（共振结构式）resveratrol (白藜芦醇)R.B.Woodward（伍德沃德）rhein (大黄酸)R.Hoffmann (霍夫曼)rhynchophylline (钩藤碱)ribonucleic acid(核糖核酸)ribose（核糖）rotation (旋光度)rutin (芦丁)saccharide（糖类）Sandmeyer-Gattermann reaction（桑得迈尔—盖特曼反应）Sandmeyer reaction（桑得迈尔反应）saponification(皂化)saponification number(皂化值)Sarrett reagent（沙瑞特试剂）Sawhares projection（萨哈斯投影式）sawhorse projection formula(锯架式)Schiff’s base(西佛碱)secondary structure（二级结构）securinine (一叶萩碱)sennoside A、B、C、D (番泻苷A、B、C、D) serine（丝氨酸）sesquiterpenoids (倍半萜)sigmatropic reaction（σ键迁移反应）silane（硅烷）single bond(单键)sinoacutine (清风藤碱)β—sitosterol (β—谷甾醇)skyrin (天精,醌茜素)S N(Nucleophilic substitution)（亲核取代）S N1（单分子亲核取代反应）S N2 （双分子亲核取代反sodium borohydride reaction (四氢硼钠反应) sparteine (金雀花碱)specific rotation (比旋光度)sphingomyelin(鞘磷脂)spiro hydrocarbon（螺环烃）squalene (鲨烯)stachydrine (水苏碱)starch（淀粉）stereochemistry (立体化学)stereoisomer（立体异构）stereocpecificity (立体专一性)steroidal compound (甾体化合物)Stevens rearrangement（史蒂文斯重排）stigmastane (豆甾烷)strychnine (士的宁)sucrose（蔗糖）sulfonation（磺化反应）systematic nomenclature（系统命名法）taurocholic acid (牛磺胆酸)tautomer（互变异构体）tautomerism（互变异构现象）taxifolin (黄杉素)tea polyphenols（茶多酚）Teflon （泰氟隆）terpenoid (萜类化合物)tertiary structure（三级结构）testosterone (睾丸素)tetrahydropalmatine (延胡索乙素, 四氢巴马汀) tetramethyl silane（四甲基硅烷）tetraterpenoid（四萜类）thiazole（噻唑）thiophene（噻吩）threonine（苏氨酸）torsional energy（扭转能）torsional strain（扭转张力）transition sate（过渡态）triglyceride(甘油三酯)trimethyl aluminium（三甲基铝）triptolide (雷公藤甲素)triterpenoid(三萜类)tryptophan（色氨酸）tylophorinine (娃儿藤定碱)tyrosine（酪氨酸）uridine(尿嘧啶)urea(脲)urotropine（乌洛托品）valence bond method（价键学说）valine（缬氨酸）visible-ultraviolet spectroscopy（可见－紫外光谱）vitamin A(维生素A)vitamin B12（维生素B12）Wilkinson (威尔克森)Williamson synthesis（威廉森合成法）Wittig reaction（维蒂希反应）zingiberene (姜烯)Zusammen（Z，德文，在一起之意）中英对照1 A1A 反应历程(1A1Areaction mechanism )吖啶（acridine）埃姆德降解(Emde degradation)安息香缩合反应（benzoic condensation reaction）氨基酸（amino acid）β-氨基丁酸（β-aminobutyric acid）氨解(ammonolysis)胺（amines）azulene）2 BAC 反应历程(2BACreaction mechanism )巴比妥(barbital)巴马汀(palmatine)白藜芦醇(resveratrol)拜耳（Baeyer）佰赛儒（M. Besthelot）半缩醛(semiacetal )半胱氨酸（cysteine）半乳糖（galactose）包含物（inclusion compound）苯丙氨酸（phenylalanine）苯（benzene）苯甲酸(benzoic acid)苯二甲酸(benzene dicarboxylic acid)苯并咪唑（benzimidazole）苯并噻唑（benzothiazole）倍半萜(sesquiterpenoid)比旋光度(specific rotation)必需氨基酸（essential amino acid）变性（denature）变旋光现象（mutarotation）表儿茶素(epicatechin)表儿茶素没食子酸酯(epicatechin gallate)表没食子儿茶素(epigallocatechin)表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯(epigallocatechin gallate) 表面活性剂(surface active agent )槟榔碱(arecoline)丙氨酸（alanine）丙氨酸乙硫酯（ethyl alanine sulfide）丙二酰脲 (malonyl urea)伯察留史（Berzelius）柏金(Perkin)反应薄荷醇(menthol)（±）—薄荷醇(（±）—menthol)薄荷酮(menthone)布特力洛夫（Bytrepob）布朗反应(Braun reaction)残基（residue）草酸（oxalic acid）超共轭效应（hyperconjugation effect）差向异构体(epimer)查尔酮(chalcone)茶多酚（tea polyphenols）β-常山碱(β-dichroine)沉淀法（precipitation）橙皮素(hesperetin)橙花醇(nerol)稠环芳烃（polynuclear aromatic compound）稠环碳架（fused ring carbon constitution）醇钠（sodium alcohols）醇解(alcoholysis)穿心莲内酯(andrographolide)磁场扫描（magnetic field scan）β—雌二醇(β—dihydrotheelin)醋酸镁反应(magnesium acetate reaction )萃取法（extraction）DDQ(2,3－二氯－5,6－氰基－1,4－苯醌)大黄素型(emodin-type)大黄酸(rhein)大豆黄素(daidzein)大叶千里光碱(macrophylline)达尔森(Darzen)反应哒嗪（pyridazine）单键(single bond)单体(monomer)单蒽核(monoanthracene nucleus)单萜(monoterpenoids)单糖（monosaccharide）单线态(singlet)蛋氨酸（methionine）蛋白质（protein）胆甾烷(cholestane)胆甾醇(cholesterol)胆甾酸(cholalic acid)胆甾烷(cholestane)胆甾醇(cholesterol)党参碱(codonopsine)等电点（isoelectric point ,PI）迪克曼反应(Dieckmann reaction )狄尔斯－阿尔德（Diels-Alher）电场扫描（electric field scan）电性效应（electromeric effect）电荷转移络合物（charge-transfer complex）碘仿试验(iodoform test)碘值( iodine number )淀粉（starch）敌敌畏(dichlorovos)蝶啶（pteridine）丁烯二酸(butene dioic acid)定位规则（orientationg rule）动力学概念（dynamical concept）豆甾烷(stigmastane)毒芹碱(coniine)毒扁豆碱(physostigmine)杜鹃酮 (germacrone)端基效应（end－group effect）对映异构（enantiomerism）对映体(enantiomers)对氨基苯磺酰胺(sulfanilamide)多环芳烃（polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon）多糖（polysaccharide）多肽（polypeptide）多磷酸酯(polyphosphate ester)E（entgegen，德文，相反之意）EAN规则（EAN rule）莪术醇(curcumenol)鹅去氧胆酸(chemocholic acid)噁唑（oxazole）蒽（anthracene）蒽酚(anthrol)蒽醌(anthraquinones)蒽酮(anthrone)9-蒽酮大黄酚(chrysophanol 9-anthrone)儿茶素(catechin)二烯烃（diene）二氯卡宾（dichlorocarbene）二甲亚砜（dimethyl sulfoxide）二巯基丙醇(dimercaptopropanol )二级结构（secondary structure）二氢黄酮(flavanone)二氢黄酮醇(flavanonol)二氢异黄酮(isoflavanone)二氢查尔酮(dihydrochalcone)二萜类(diterpenoids)番泻苷A、B、C、D(sennoside A、B、C、D) 番茄红素(lycopene)反芳香性化合物（antiaromatic compound）反应历程（reaction mechanism）反应热（heat of reaction）芳香烃（aromatic hydrocarbon）芳香性（aromaticity）芳香性化合物（aromatic compound）芳构化（aromatization）放氮反应(denitrification)飞燕草素(delphinidin)非芳香性化合物（nonaromatic compound）非离子表面活性剂（nonionic）非对映体（diasteroisomer）非质子性溶剂（nonprotonic solvent ）非苯芳烃（nonbenzenoid hydrocarbon）菲（phenanthrene）斐林溶液( Fehting solution )费歇尔（E.Fischer）费歇尔投影式(Fischer projection formula)分子轨道（molecular orbital）分子轨道对称性守恒理论（conservation of orbital symmetry theory）分子轨道理论（molecular orbital theory）酚苄明（Phenoxybenzamine）芬克尔斯坦(Finkelstein)芬氟拉明（fenfluramine）粪甾烷(coprostane)氟芬那酸（flufenamic Acid）福井谦一(K.Fukui)傅-克反应（Friedel-Crafts alkylation reaction）傅瑞斯重排（K.fries rearrangement）傅瑞德-克拉天茨反应（Friedel-Crafts reaction）辅酶Q10（coenzyme Q10）呋喃（furan）盖布瑞尔合成法（Gabreil reaction）盖特曼－科希（Gattermann-Koch）反应甘露糖（mannose）甘氨酸（glycine）甘油（glycerol）甘氨胆酸(glycocholic acid)甘草酸(glycyrrhizic acid)甘草次酸(glycyrrhetinic acid) 甘草苷(liquiritin)高丽槐素(maackiain)睾丸素(testosterone)隔离二烯烃（isolated diene）格林那试剂（Grignard reagent）哥美林（Gmelin）共振能（resonance energy）共振论（resonance theory）共振杂化体（resonance hybrid）共振结构式（resonating structure）共轭效应（conjugative effect）共轭体系(conjugation system)共轭二烯烃（conjugated diene）构象（conformation）构象异构（conformational isomerism）构造异构(constitutional isomerism)构型保持(configuration conservation)构型转化(configuration inversion)钩藤碱(rhynchophylline)β—谷甾醇(β—sitosterol)谷氨酸（glutamic acid）谷酰胺（glutamine）古柏尔（A. Couper）古柯碱(cocaine)胍(guanidine )寡糖（oligasaccharide）冠醚（crown ether）光学异构体(optical isomer)硅烷（silane）硅油(silicon oil)过氧化物(peroxide)过氧化物效应(peroxide effect)过渡态（transition state）果糖（fructose）哈沃斯（Haworth）海藻糖（fucose）核磁共振谱（nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy）核苷酸(nucleotide)核苷(nucleoside)核酸(nucleic acid)核糖（ribose）(-)-黑金合欢素[(-)melacacidin)]红古豆碱(cuskohygrine)红花苷(carthamin)红外光谱（infrared spectroscopy）互变异构现象（tautomerism）互变异构体（tautomer）胡萝卜素(carotene)胡椒碱(piperine)槲皮素(quercetin)化学键（chemical bond）花色素(anthocyanidin)环烃（cyclic hydrocarbon）环氧化反应（epoxidation）环加成反应（cycloaddition recation）环状碳架（cyclic carbon constitution）环己二酮(cyclic hexanedione)环糊精（cyclodextrin）α,β－环氧酸酯(α,β－cycloxacid ester)黄柏素-7-O-葡萄糖苷(phellamurin)黄芩素(baicalein)黄芩苷(baicalin)黄杉素(taxifolin)黄酮(flavonoid)黄酮醇(flavonol)黄烷醇(flavanol)黄体酮(progesterone)磺胺(sulfanilamide)磺化反应（sulfonation）活化能（energy of activation）霍夫曼(R.Hofmann)霍夫曼降解反应（Hoffmann degradation）霍夫曼消除（Hoffmann elimination）霍夫曼彻底甲基化反应（Hoffmann exhaustive methylation）几何异构体（geometricalisomer）己二胺(hexanediamine)季铵盐(quaternary ammonium salt)季铵碱(quaternnary ammonium hydrate )季膦盐( quaternary phosphonium salt )激素(hormone)甲孕酮(methporgestin)甲基睾丸素(methyl testosterone)甲基锂（lithium methlde）甲壳质（chitin）价键学说（valence bond method）假酸式(pseudo-acid form )σ键（σbond）σ键迁移反应（sigmatropic reaction）π键（πbond）碱基配对规律(base pairing rule)姜烯(zingiberene)胶束(micelle)交叉醇醛缩合反应(crossed aldol reaction)金合欢醇(farnesol)金属有机化合物（metalloorganic compound）金雀花碱(sparteine)金鸡宁（cinchonine）金刚烷胺(symmetrel)紧密离子对(tightness ionpair )精氨酸（arginine）竞争反应(competing reaction )聚合物（polymer）聚合反应（polyreaction）聚集二烯烃（cumulative diene）锯架式(andiron formula ; sawhorse projection formula) 卡宾（碳烯）（Carbene）开息纳尔－武尔夫（Kishner-Wolff）－黄鸣龙法凯库勒（A. Kekule）康尼查罗(Cannizzaro ) 反应科尔贝（H. Kolbe）科瑞—郝思反应（E.J.Cory—H.House reaction）可的松(cortisone)可见－紫外光谱（visible-ultraviolet spectroscopy）克莱森－斯密特（Claisen-Schmidt）反应克脑文盖尔（Knoevenagel）反应克莱门森（Clemmensen）还原反应克莱森重排（Claisen rearrangement）克莱森缩合反应(Claisen condensation reaction ) 柯尔柏-施密特反应（Kolbe-schmidt reaction）柯亚素(chrysarobin)壳糖胺（chitosamine）苦参碱(matrine)库切洛夫反应（Kutchcrov reaction）奎宁(quinine)喹啉（quinoline）醌（quinones）醌氢醌(quinhydrone)莱普西汀(leptosidin)赖氨酸（lysine）兰尼镍（Raney Ni）莨菪碱(hyoscyamine)雷公藤甲素(triptolide)利血平(reserpine)立体选择性(stereoselective)立体专一性(stereospecific)立体异构（stereoisomer）离域(delocalization)离域能(delocalization energy ;delocalized energy)离域电子（delocalized electron）离去基团(leaving group )链引发阶段（chain initiation step）链增长阶段（chain propagation step）链终止阶段（chain termination step）链状碳架（chain carbon constitution）亮氨酸（leucine）林德拉（Lindlar）膦叶立德（phosphorus ylide）膦(phosphureted hydrogen)鏻盐(phosphorate)膦酸(phosphonic acid )硫脲(thiourea )硫醇(thioalcohol )硫醚(thioether )硫酚(phenylsulfhydryl )留氮反应(reaction of nitrogen retention) 龙脑(borneol)卤代反应（halogenation）卤仿（haloform）卤仿反应(haloform reaction )卢卡斯试剂（Lucas reagent）芦荟大黄素(aloe-emodin)芦丁(rutin)α－卵磷脂(α－lecithine )轮烯（annulene）酪氨酸（tyrosine）罗勒烯(ocimene)罗森孟德(Rosenmund)还原法螺环烃（spiro hydrocarbon）氯乙酸甲酯(methyl chloroacetate) (chloro acetyl formate) 绿茶多酚(green tea polyphenols)马尔可夫尼可夫（Markovnikov）规则麻黄碱(ephedrine)吗啡(morphine)麦可拉费蒂（Mclafferty）麦芽糖（maltose）麦角甾醇(ergostenol)麦角新碱(ergometrine)麦克尔加成(Michael addition)满尼希（Mannich）反应梅尔外英－彭多夫（Meerwein-Poundorf）还原反应酶（enzyme）没食子儿茶素(gallocatechin)没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯(gallocatechin gallate)脒基(amidino)嘧啶（pyrimidine）咪唑（imidazole）那可汀(narcotine)钠汞齐反应(natrium amalgam reaction)萘（naphthalene）脑磷脂(cephalin)内消旋体（meso－form）尼科尔棱镜(Nicol prism)脲(尿素) (urea)鸟嘌呤（guanine）尿嘧啶（uracil）柠檬醛(citral)苧烯(limonene)牛磺胆酸(taurocholic acid)纽曼投影式（Newmans projection formular）扭转能（torsional energy）扭转张力（torsional strain）欧芬脑尔氧化反应（Oppenaner oxidizing reaction）偶氮基(azo)偶合（偶联）反应(coupling reaction）偶合组分（或偶合剂）（coupling agent ）偶极-离子键（dipolar-ionic bond ）蒎烯(pinene)硼氢化反应（hydroboration））硼氢化钠（NaBH4吡哆醛(pyridoxal)吡咯（pyrrole）吡喃（pyran）吡嗪（pyrazine）吡唑（pyrazole）吡啶（pyridine）嘌呤（purine）频哪醇（pinacol）平面偏振光(plane polarized light)平伏键(e键，equatorial bonds)苹果多酚(apple polyphenols)普鲁卡因(procaine )葡萄糖（glucose）歧化反应(disproportionation reaction )前列腺素( prostaglandin)前线轨道(frontier orbital）理论茜草素(alizarin)茜素型(alizarin-type)强心苷(cardiac glycosides)羟肟酸(hydroximic acid )β－羟基醛(β－hydroxy aldehyde )桥环烃（bridged hydrocarbon）鞘磷脂(sphingomyelinicacid)亲电性试剂（electrophile）亲电加成反应（electrophilic addition）亲电取代（electrophilic substitution）亲核试剂（nucleophilic reagent）亲核加成反应（nucleophilic addition）亲核取代(nucleophilic substitution)亲核取代反应历程(nucleophilic substitution reavtion mechanism) 亲双烯体（dienophile）芹菜素(apigenin)氢解( hydrogenolysis)氢化苯基锡(hydrogenation benztin)氢化正丁基锡( hydrogenation butyltin )氢化油(hydrogenated oil )氢化可的松(hydrocortisone)氢化热（heat of hydrogenation）氢甲酰化法（hydroformylation）氢键（hydrogen bond）清风藤碱(sinoacutine)琼斯试剂（Jones reagent）炔烃（alkyne）热力学概念(thermodynamic conception )溶剂化效应(solvating effect)乳糖（lactose）瑞穆尔-蒂曼反应（Reamer-Timann reaction）萨哈斯投影式（Sawhares projection）噻吩（thiophene）噻唑（thiazole）三萜(triterpenoids)三甲基铝（trimethyl aluminium）三级结构（tertiary structure）三线态（triplet state）三苯基膦(triphenyl phosphine)三磷酸腺苷（adenosine triphosphate）桑得迈尔反应（Sandmeyer reaction）桑得迈尔—盖特曼反应（Sandmeyer-Gattermann reaction）色氨酸（tryptophan）色谱法（chromatography）沙瑞特试剂（Sarrett reagent）鲨烯(squalene)山油柑碱(acronycine)山扁豆双醌(cassiamine)山梗菜碱(lobeline)肾上腺皮质激素(adrenal cortex hormone)生物甲基化（biological methylate）18电子规则（18- electron rule）史蒂文斯重排（Stevens rearrangement）石松碱(lycopodine)士的宁(strychnine)矢车菊素(cyanidin)手性(chirality)水苏碱(stachydrine)双蒽核(bi-anthracene nucleus)双烯体（diene）顺反异构（cistrans isomerism）顺反异构体（cis-trans isomer）四氢巴马汀（tetrahydropalmatine）四级结构（quaternary structure）四氢硼钠反应(sodium borohydride reaction) 四萜(quadruterpene)四甲基硅烷（tetramethylsilane）丝氨酸（serine）松香酸(abietic acid)苏氨酸（threonine）酸败（rancidity ）缩醛（acetal）缩二脲反应（biuret reaction）肽（peptide）肽键（peptide bond）碳水化合物（carbohydrate）碳酰氯(carbonyl chloride ;phosgene )糖类（saccharide）糖苷（glycoside）糖原（glycogen）天冬氨酸（aspartic acid）天精(skyrin)天竺葵素(pelargonidin)萜类化合物(terpenoids)同系列（homologous series）同系物（homolog）同分异构体（isomer）酮(ketone)透析法（permeation）1-吐根碱(1-emetine)脱羧反应(decarboxylic reaction)娃儿藤定碱(tylophorinine)瓦尔登转化(Walden inversion)外消旋体(racemic mixture)外消旋化（racemization）烷烃（alkane）维生素A(vitamin A)维生素B12（vitamin B12）维生素K1、K2（vitamin K1、K2）维蒂希反应（Wittig reaction）伪麻黄碱(pseudoephedrine)威尔克森(wilkinson)威廉森合成法（Williamson synthesis）武勒（F. Wohler）无色矢车菊素(leucocyanidin)伍德沃德（R.B.Woodward）武兹反应（A.Wurtz reaction）烯烃（alkene）系统命名法（systematic nomenclature）西佛碱（Schiff ’s base）希夫（schiff）试剂吸电子共轭效应(electronwithdrawing conjugative effect) 喜树碱(camptothecine)西佛碱（schiff base）希曼反应（G.Schiemann reaction）纤维二糖（cellobiose）纤维素（cellulose）腺嘌呤（adenine）硝化反应（nitration）消除反应（elimination reaction）小檗碱(berberine)硝基化合物（nitro compounds）协同反应（concerted reaction）缬氨酸（valine）（±）—新薄荷醇[（±）—neomenthol]兴斯堡反应（Hinsberg reaction）胸腺嘧啶（thymine）12-15休克尔规则（Hückel rule）比旋光度(specific rotatory power)旋光仪(optical rotation instrument)旋光异构体(optical isomer)血红素（haemachrome）亚硝酸（nitrous acid）烟碱(nicotine)延胡索乙素(tetrahydropalmatine)盐酸-镁粉反应(HCl-Mg powder reaction)盐酸-锌粉反应(HCl-Zn powder reaction)盐（oxonium salt）氧化苦参碱(oxymatrine)氧化蒽酚(oxanthranol)氧化态（oxidation state）氧化值（oxidation number）阳离子表面活性剂（cationic surface active agent）叶黄素(phylloxanthin)叶绿素（chlorophyll）一叶萩碱(securinine)一野百合碱(monocrotaline)一级结构（primary structure）乙硼烷（diborane）1－乙炔基环戊醇（1－ethynyl cyclopentanol ）乙二胺（ethylene diamine）乙烯酮（ethenone ;ketene ）乙酸（acetic acid）乙二酸（ethanedioic acid ）异甘草素(isoliquiritigenin)异黄酮(isoflavone)异鼠李素(isorhamnetin)异钩藤碱(isorhynchophylline)异亮氨酸（isoleucine）异头物（anomer）异头效应（anomeric effect）异噁唑（isoxazole）异噻唑（isothiazole）异腈（胩）（isonitrile）异喹啉（isoquinoline）胰岛素（insulin）阴离子表面活性剂（anionic surface active agent）茚三酮（ninhydrin ）吲哚（indole）罂粟碱(papaverine)油脂（axunge；grease；lipin；）有效原子序数（effective atomic number）有机金属化合物（organometallic compound）有机锂(organic-Li) (organic lithium ) (organolithium compound) 诱导效应（inductive effect）羽扇豆碱(lupinine)愈创木奥(guaiazulene)原花色素(proanthocyanidin)鸢尾苷(iridin)原子轨道（atomic orbital）Z（Zusammen，德文，在一起之意）杂化轨道（hybrid orbital）杂环碳架（heterocycle carbon constitution）甾体化合物(steroidal compound)皂化反应(saponification reaction)皂化值(saponification value)扎依采夫(Saytzeff)规则樟柳碱(anisodine)樟脑(camphor)蔗糖（sucrose）-折叠（beta-pleated sheet）蒸馏法（distillation）质谱（mass spectroscopy）质子性溶剂(protonic solvent)脂环烃(alicyclic hydrocarbon；cycloalkane）直立键（a键，axial bond）重氮化反应（diazotization reaction）重氮盐（diazonium salt）重氮组分(diazocomponent)重氮甲烷(diazomethane)周环反应（pericyclic reaction）转化糖（invert sugar）自由基（free radical）自由基链反应（free radical chain reaction）β－紫罗兰酮(β－ionone )组氨酸（histidine）。
有机化学专业英语中英文对照
有机化学专业英语中英文对照第一章无机化学英文命名1.1元素的英文命名S-block ElementIAH Hydrogen Li Lithium Na Sodium K PotassiumRb Rubidium Cs Cesium Fr FranciumIIABe Beryllium Mg Magnesium Ca Calcium Sr Strontium Ba Barium Ra RadiumP-block ElementIIIA IV A V AB BoronC Carbon N NitrogenAl Aluminium Si Silicon P PhosphorusGa Gallium Ge Germanium As ArsenicIn Indium Sn Tin Sb AntimonyTl Thallium Pb Lead Bi BismuthVIA VIIA0He Helium O Oxygen F Fluorine Ne NeonS Sulfur Cl Chlorine Ar ArgonSe Selenium Br Bromine Kr KryptonTe Tellurium I Iodine Xe XenonPo Polonium At Astatine Rn RadonCommon Transition ElememtFe:iron Mn:manganese Cu:copper Zn:zincHg:mercury Ag:silver Au:gold1.2离子、氧化物、酸、碱、盐及其他化合物的英文命名Na+Sodium Al3+AluminumK+Potassium Ca2+CalciumFe2+Iron(II)or FerrousFe3+Iron(III)or FerricCr2+Chromium(II)Cr3+Chromium(III)Mn4+Manganese(IV)Mn2+Manganese(II)FeO:iron(II)oxide或ferrous oxideFe2O3:iron(III)oxide或ferric oxideCu2O:copper(I)oxide或cuprous oxideCuO:copper(II)oxide或cupric oxideCl-Chloride O=OxideBr-Bromide OH-HydroxideI-Iodide CN-CyanideS=Sulfide H-Hydride HF hydrogen fluoride HCl hydrogen chloride HBr hydrogen bromide HI hydrogen iodideH2S hydrogen sulfide H2Se hydrogen selenideH2Te hydrogen telluridePH3:phosphine或phosphane AsH3:arsine或arsaneSbH3:stibine或stibane BiH3:bismuthaneCH4:methane SiH4:silaneB2H6:diboraneHCl:hydrochloric acidH2S:hydrosulfuric acidAl(OH)3Aluminum hydroxideNaOH Sodium hydroxideCa(OH)2Calcium hydroxideBa(OH)2Barium hydroxideCo(OH)2Cobalt(II)hydroxideHgSO4Mercury(II)sulfateHg2SO4Mercury(I)sulfateKNO3Potassium nitrateNa2CO3Sodium carbonateNaClO Sodium hypochloriteFeSO4iron(II)sulfateKMnO4potassium permanganateNaHSO4Sodium hydrogen sulfateNa2HPO4Disodium hydrogen phosphateNaH2PO4Sodium dihydrogen phosphateCa(HSO4)2Calcium bisulfateNaHCO3Sodium hydrogencarbonate或Sodium bicarbonateAlCl3·6H2O:aluminum chloride6-water或aluminum chloride hexahydrateAlK(SO4)2·12H2O:aluminium potassium sulfate12-waterH2CO3Carbonic acidH2SO4Sulfuric acidH3PO4Phosphoric acidHNO3Nitric acidHClO4Perchloric acidHCl Hydrochloric acidH2SO3Sulfurous acidH3PO3Phosphorous acidHNO2Nitrous acidHClO Hypochlorous acidHClO2Chlorous acidNaming coordination complexLigandsCN-Cyano NO2-NitroF-Fluoro NO3-NitratoCl-Chloro CO3=CarbonatoBr-Bromo CH3COO-AcetatoO=Oxo H-HydridoOH-Hydroxo-O2CCO2-Oxalato1.3配位化学中常见配体的名称1.4常用无机化学专业英语词汇相对原子质量relative atomic mass消去反应elimination reaction硝化反应nitratlon reaction硝酸钡barium nitrate硝酸银silver nitrate溴的四氯化碳溶液solution of bromine in carbon tetrachloride溴化钠sodium bromide溴水bromine water溴水bromine water盐类的水解hydrolysis of salts盐析salting-out焰色反应flame test氧化剂oxidizing agent氧化铝aluminium oxide氧化铁iron(III)oxide 乙醇ethanol乙醛ethana1乙炔ethyne乙酸ethanoic acid乙酸乙酯ethyl acetate乙烯ethene银镜反应silver mirror reaction硬脂酸stearic acid油脂oils and fats有机化合物organic compound元素周期表periodic table of elements 元素周期律periodic law of elements 原电池primary battery原子序数atomic number皂化反应saponification粘合剂adhesive蔗糖sucrose指示剂Indicator酯ester酯化反应esterification周期period族group（主族：main group）Bunsen burner本生灯product化学反应产物flask烧瓶apparatus设备PH indicator PH值指示剂,氢离子(浓度的)负指数指示剂matrass卵形瓶litmus石蕊litmus paper石蕊试纸graduate,graduated flask量筒,量杯reagent试剂test tube试管burette滴定管retort曲颈甑still蒸馏釜cupel烤钵crucible pot,melting pot坩埚pipette吸液管filter滤管stirring rod搅拌棒element元素body物体compound化合物atom原子gram atom克原子atomic weight原子量atomic number原子数atomic mass原子质量molecule分子electrolyte电解质ion离子anion阴离子cation阳离子electron电子isotope同位素isomer同分异物现象polymer聚合物symbol复合radical基structural formula分子式valence,valency价monovalent单价bivalent二价halogen成盐元素bond原子的聚合mixture混合combination合成作用compound合成物alloy合金organic chemistry有机化学inorganic chemistry无机化学derivative衍生物series系列acid酸hydrochloric acid盐酸sulphuric acid硫酸nitric acid硝酸aqua fortis王水fatty acid脂肪酸organic acid有机酸hydrosulphuric acid 氢硫酸hydrogen sulfide氢化硫alkali碱,强碱ammonia氨base碱hydrate水合物hydroxide氢氧化物,羟化物hydracid氢酸hydrocarbon碳氢化合物,羟anhydride酐alkaloid生物碱aldehyde醛oxide氧化物phosphate磷酸盐acetate醋酸盐methane甲烷,沼气butane丁烷salt盐potassium carbonate碳酸钾soda苏打sodium carbonate碳酸钠caustic potash苛性钾caustic soda苛性钠ester酯gel凝胶体analysis分解fractionation分馏endothermic reaction吸热反应exothermic reaction放热反应precipitation沉淀to precipitate沉淀to distil,to distill蒸馏distillation蒸馏to calcine煅烧to oxidize氧化alkalinization碱化to oxygenate,to oxidize脱氧,氧化to neutralize中和to hydrogenate氢化to hydrate水合,水化to dehydrate脱水fermentation发酵solution溶解combustion燃烧fusion,melting熔解alkalinity碱性isomerism,isomery同分异物现象hydrolysis水解electrolysis电解electrode电极anode阳极,正极cathode阴极,负极catalyst催化剂catalysis催化作用oxidization,oxidation氧化reducer还原剂dissolution分解synthesis合成reversible可逆的摩尔mole摩尔质量molar mass品红magenta或fuchsine葡萄糖glucose气体摩尔体积molar volume of gas 铅蓄电池lead storage battery强电解质strong electrolyte氢氟酸hydrogen chloride氢氧化铝aluminium hydroxide取代反应substitution reaction醛aldehyde炔烃alkyne燃料电池fuel cell弱电解质weak electrolyte石油Petroleum水解反应hydrolysis reaction四氯化碳carbon tetrachloride塑料plastic塑料的降解plastic degradation塑料的老化plastic ageing酸碱中和滴定acid-base neutralization titration酸雨acid rain羧酸carboxylic acid碳酸钠sodium carbonate碳酸氢铵ammonium bicarbonate碳酸氢钠sodium bicarbonate糖类carbohydrate烃hydrocarbon烃的衍生物derivative of hydrocarbon烃基hydrocarbonyl同分异构体isomer同素异形体allotrope同位素isotope同系物homo1og涂料coating烷烃alkane物质的量amount of substance物质的量浓度amount-of-substance concentration of B烯烃alkene洗涤剂detergent纤维素cellulose相对分子质量relative molecular mass 极性键polar bond加成反应addition reaction加聚反应addition polymerization甲烷methane碱金属alkali metal碱石灰soda lime结构式structural formula聚合反应po1ymerization可逆反应reversible reaction空气污染指数air pollution index勒夏特列原理Le Chatelier's principle离子反应ionic reaction离子方程式ionic equation离子键ionic bond锂电池lithium cell两性氢氧化物amphoteric hydroxide两性氧化物amphoteric oxide裂化cracking裂解pyrolysis硫氰化钾potassium thiocyanate硫酸钠sodium sulphide氯化铵ammonium chloride氯化钡barium chloride氯化钾potassium chloride氯化铝aluminium chloride氯化镁magnesium chloride氯化氢hydrogen chloride氯化铁iron(III)chloride氯水chlorine water麦芽糖maltose煤coal酶enzyme二氧化氮nitrogen dioxide二氧化硅silicon dioxide二氧化硫sulphur dioxide二氧化锰manganese dioxide芳香烃arene放热反应exothermic reaction非极性分子non-polar molecule非极性键non-polar bond肥皂soap分馏fractional distillation酚phenol复合材料composite干电池dry cell干馏dry distillation甘油glycerol高分子化合物polymer共价键covalent bond官能团functional group光化学烟雾photochemical fog过氧化氢hydrogen peroxide合成材料synthetic material合成纤维synthetic fiber合成橡胶synthetic rubber核电荷数nuclear charge number核素nuclide化学电源chemical power source化学反应速率chemical reaction rate氨ammonia氨基酸amino acid铵盐ammonium salt饱和链烃saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon苯benzene变性denaturation不饱和烃unsaturated hydrocarbon超导材料superconductive material臭氧ozone醇alcohol次氯酸钾potassium hypochlorite醋酸钠sodium acetate蛋白质protein氮族元素nitrogen group element碘化钾potassium iodide碘化钠sodium iodide电化学腐蚀electrochemical corrosion电解质electrolyte电离平衡ionization equilibrium电子云electron cloud淀粉starch淀粉碘化钾试纸starch potassium iodide paper化学键chemical bond化学平衡chemical equilibrium 还原剂reducing agent磺化反应sulfonation reaction霍尔槽Hull Cell极性分子polar molecule 2.5常用无机元素英文Actinium(Ac)锕Aluminium(Al)铝Americium(Am)镅Antimony(Sb)锑Argon(Ar)氩Arsenic(As)砷Astatine(At)砹Barium(Ba)钡Berkelium(Bk)锫Beryllium(Be)铍Bismuth(Bi)铋Boron(B)硼Bromine(Br)溴Cadmium(Cd)镉Caesium(Cs)铯Calcium(Ca)钙Californium(Cf)锎Carbon(C)碳Cerium(Ce)铈Chlorine(Cl)氯Chromium(Cr)铬Cobalt(Co)钴Copper(Cu)铜Curium(Cm)锔Dysprosium(Dy)镝Einsteinium(Es)锿Erbium(Er)铒Europium(Eu)铕Fermium(Fm)镄Fluorine(F)氟Francium(Fr)钫Gadolinium(Gd)钆Gallium(Ga)镓Germanium(Ge)锗Gold(Au)金Hafnium(Hf)铪Helium(He)氦Holmium(Ho)钬Hydrogen(H)氢Indium(In)铟Iodine(I)碘Iridium(Ir)铱Iron(Fe)铁Krypton(Kr)氪Lanthanum(La)镧Lawrencium(Lr)铹Lead(Pb)铅Lithium(Li)锂Lutetium(Lu)镥Magnesium(Mg)镁Manganese(Mn)锰Mendelevium(Md)钔Mercury(Hg)汞Molybdenum(Mo)钼Neodymium(Nd)钕Neon(Ne)氖Neptunium(Np)镎Nickel(Ni)镍Niobium(Nb)铌Nitrogen(N)氮Nobelium(No)锘Osmium(Os)锇Oxygen(O)氧Palladium(Pd)钯Phosphorus(P)磷Platinum(Pt)铂Plutonium(Pu)钚Polonium(Po)钋Potassium(K)钾Praseodymium(Pr)镨Promethium(Pm)钷Protactinium(Pa)镤Radium(Ra)镭Radon(Rn)氡Rhenium(Re)铼Rhodium(Rh)铑Rubidium(Rb)铷Ruthenium(Ru)钌Samarium(Sm)钐Scandium(Sc)钪Selenium(Se)硒Silicon(Si)硅Silver(Ag)银Sodium(Na)钠Strontium(Sr)锶Sulphur(S)锍Tantalum(Ta)钽Technetium(Tc)锝Tellurium(Te)碲Terbium(Tb)铽Thallium(Tl)铊Thorium(Th)钍Tin(Sn)锡Thulium(Tm)铥Titanium(Ti)钛Tungsten(W)钨Uranium(U)铀Vanadium(V)钒Xenon(Xe)氙Ytterbium(Yb)镱Yttrium(Y)钇Zinc(Zn)锌Zirconium(Zr)锆第二章有机化学英文命名2.1有机化学系统命名中主要官能团的优先顺序1.鎓盐（onium and similar cations）2.酸（acids）：按COOH、(C)OOH次序，然后是它们的S和Se的衍生物，再次为磺酸、亚磺酸等。
化工原料双语对照词
化工原料双语对照词化工原料双语对照词灭滴灵Metronidazole柠檬酸Citric Acid硝酸钙calcium nitrate癸二酸Sebacic Acid冰醋酸glacial acetic acid维生素C磷酸镁Magnesium Ascorbyl Phosphate 对苯二酚Hydroquinone环丙沙星盐酸__OXACIN HCL氢氧化钠Sodium Hydroxide吗菌灵醋酸盐dodemorph acetate烯酰吗啉dimethomorph百菌清Chlorothalonil尼索朗hexythiazox哒螨灵pyridaben葡萄糖酸-δ-内酯glucono delta lactone硫酸粘杆菌素colistine sulfate恩诺沙星Enrofloxacin Base土霉素盐酸OxyTetraCycline HCl黄磷Yellow Phosphorus索布瑞醇Sobrerol焦棓酸__LOL硫乙醇酸__COLLIC ACID茴香硫醚__SOLE1-溴-3-氯丙烷1-BROMO-3-__ROPANE 氟苯__ENZEN叔丁基胺tert-butylamine丙烯酸树脂Acrylic resin顺铂Cisplatin卡铂Carboplatin依托泊苷Etoposide食用乳糖EDIBLE __十六烷醇cetyl alcohol甘油Glycerine过硫酸铵ammonium persulfate三聚磷酸钠Sodium tripolyphosphate氧化镁Magnesium oxide 97%硅酸乙酯Ethyl silicate 40青蒿琥酯Artesunate磷酸三钠triSodium Phosphate对苯二酚hydroquinone月桂醇硫酸钠sldium lauryl sulfate对羟基苯甲酸para hydroxy benzoic acid乙酰基六角缩氨酸-3 Acetyl Hexapeptide-3双氰胺Dicyandiamide二氯异氰尿酸钠SODIUM __O ISO __TE氯霉素棕榈酸酯__L __TE三硬脂酸铝Aluminium Tristearate Micronized sterile 维生素B6 __ B6磺胺胍Sulfaguanidine松香树脂Gum Rosin苯甲酸钠SODIUM __E双氧水Hydrogen Peroxide6-氨基己烷-1-醇6-aminohexan -1-ol邻苯二甲酸酐Phthalic Anhydride2,3-二氨基甲苯2,3-diamino toluene吲哚indole2-甲基吲哚2-methyl indole三苯基硼triphenyl borane松油精Dipentine十六烷醇Cetyl Alcohol呋喃-2-硼酸FURAN-2-__ ACID莫匹罗星Mupirocin高锰酸钾Potassium Permanganate噻苯咪唑Thiabendazole2-amino-2-(hydroxy methyl)-1,3,propane diol二环戊二烯Dicyclopentadiene (DCPD)金红石型氧化钛Titanium Dioxide (Rutile) Top grade 硼酸boric acid氧化铅Lead Oxide邻苯二甲酸酐Phthalic Anhydride叔丁基锡烷tributyl stannane碳黑Carbon Black Elftex 430碳黑Carbon Black N300碳黑Carbon Black N-326磷酸__RIC ACID硝酸铅LEAD __硬脂酸铅LEAD __E次硫酸钠Sodium Hydrosulfite磷酸二氢铵Ammonium Dihydrogen Phosphate水合肼Hydrazine Hydrate甲氧萘丙酸naproxen扑热息痛paracetamol干酪素casein food grade柠檬酸citric acid黄磷YELLOW __ORUS硫代硫酸钠Sodium Thiosulfate玉嘧磺隆rimsulfuron 25%硝酸钙Calcium nitrate硫酸钾Potassium sulphate磺胺地索辛钠sulfadimethoxine sodium 氯化钠Sodium Chloride藻酸钠sodium alginate烯丙酰氯Acryloyl Chloride柠檬铬黄Lemon chrome yellow三聚磷酸钠Sodium Tri Poly Phosphate 磷酸酯__ ACID ESTER轻质苏打灰SODA ASH ( LIGHT )间氯苯胺m-chloro aniline马来酐Maleic Anhydride氰基胍Dicyandiamide头孢他啶Ceftazidime头孢曲松Ceftriaxone二硫化钼molybdenium disulfide三氯乙酸__C ACID __癸二酸sebacic acid尿素urea诺氟沙星Norfloxacin噻吩草胺-P Dimethenamid-P三聚磷酸钠Sodium Tripolyphosphate氧化铁黄iron oxide yellow氧化铁红iron oxide red1,1,1-三氯乙烷1,1,1-TrichloroEthane氯化铵Ammonium Chloride苯酚PHENOL甲氧苄氨嘧啶__OPRIM磷酸三钙tricalcium phosphate酒石酸苯甲曲秦Phendimetrazine Tartrate碳酸氢钠sodium bicarbonate氯四环素盐酸Chlortetracycline HCl三水合氨卡青霉素Ampicillin Trihydrate micronized 山梨糖醇Sorbitol Powder一水葡萄糖Dextrose Monohydrate碳化钙calcium carbide柚皮甙Naringin叶绿素铜钠盐sodium copper苏打灰soda ash酒石酸盐tartrate铬酸铵__M __E苦味酸PICRIC ACID甲酸铵__M __聚丙烯薄膜PP SHEET FOR OPP TAPE 氨基乙酸Glycine氨比西林__INE土霉素盐酸Oxytetracycline HCL扩展：常用纺织名词汉英对照氨纶-spandex奥纶-orlon白布;本布-calico哔叽-serge编织物-braided fabric变形;走样-deformation不褪色;色泽牢固-fast colours长毛骆驼绒-camel hair cloth长毛绒-plush抽绣-punch work刺绣品-embroidery粗(花)呢-tweed醋酯纤维-acetate fibre-hemp大衣呢-overcoating的确良-dacron, terylene灯芯绒-corduroy涤纶-terylene缎子-satin法兰绒-flannel帆布-canvas凡立丁-valetin防潮-damp proof防缩-sanforizing, pre-shrunk 纺织品-textiles格子呢-tartanadmiralty cloth 海军呢钩编编织物-crochet光泽-gloss, lustre合成纤维-synthetic fibre花布-cotton prints华达呢-gabardine化学纤维-chemical fibre黄麻-jute黄麻布(袋)-gunny cloth (bag)混纺织物-mixture fabric, blend fabric 机织织物-woven fabricspun silk 绢丝茧绸-pongee锦缎-brocade锦纶(耐纶)-nylon腈纶-acrylic fibres精纺法兰绒-worsted flannel卡普纶-capron, kapron卡其布-khaki drills开司米-cashmere抗拉力绒-anti-pressing standing velvet 阔幅平布;被单布-sheetings罗缎-faille, bengaline, tussore麻织物-linen麦尔登呢-melton毛哔叽-wool serge毛涤纶-modelon毛织物(品)-woolen fabrics棉哔叽-cotton serge棉布-cotton cloth, cotton piecegoods 棉涤纶-trueran棉缎-cotton sateen棉纺织品-cotton textiles棉府绸-cotton poplin棉茧绸-cotton pongee棉绒-cotton velvet棉织长毛绒-cotton plush棉织华达呢-cotton gabardine棉织物(品)-cotton fabrics耐绉的-non-crushable尼龙薄绸-nylon chiffon黏胶纤维-viscose acetal fibre派力斯-palace配色-matching, colour combinations 漂白棉布-bleached cotton cloth乔其纱-georgette人造毛-artificial wool人造棉-artificial cotton人造丝-artificial silk, rayon人造丝织物-rayon fabrics人造纤维-artificial fibre人字呢;海力蒙-herringbone绒布-flannelette绒线刺绣-crewel work桑蚕丝, 家蚕丝-mulberry silk 手帕亚麻纱-linen cambric双面卡-reversible khaki丝纺-silk spinning丝织物-silk fabrics素色-plain塔夫绸-taffeta泰西缎-cotton venetians提花床单布-broche quilts提花丝织物-figured silk提花织物-jacquard贴花刺绣-applique embroidery 褪色-discolourization网眼织物-mesh fabric维尼纶-vinylon蚊帐纱-mosquito netting无纺织物-bondedfibre fabric 夏布-grass cloth橡胶防雨布-mackintosh cloth 斜纹布-drills绣花纱罗-embroidered gauze 绣花织物-embroidered fabric 亚麻-flax亚麻布-linen, linen cloth亚麻帆布-linen canvas亚麻格子布-linen checks亚麻纱-linen yarn阴丹士林布-iondanthren cloth 羽纱-camblet针织-knitting针织品-knitwear针织物-hosiery织锦缎-tapestry satin织物-textile fabric绉(背)缎-crepe satin 珠罗纱-bobbin net 苎麻-ramee, ramie tussah silk 柞蚕丝。
有机化学英语专业词汇
粗分散系统 thick disperse system 催化剂 catalyst
单分子层吸附理论 mono molecule layer
adsorption 单分子反应 unimolecular reaction 单链反应 straight chain reactions
弹式量热计 bomb calorimeter 道尔顿定律 Dalton law
cis-顺 trans-反
structure of molecule 分子结构
isomerism 同分异构现象
chemical bond 化学键
isomer 异构体
covalent bond 共价键
stereoisomer 立体异构
hybrid orbital 杂化轨道
constitutional isomer 构造异构
coefficient of electromotive force 电动电势 zeta potential 电功 electric work 电化学 electrochemistry 电化学极化 electrochemical polarization 电极电势 electrode potential 电极反应 reactions on the electrode 电极种类 type of electrodes 电解池 electrolytic cell 电量计 coulometer 电流效率 current efficiency 电迁移 electro migration 电迁移率 electromobility 电渗 electroosmosis 电渗析 electrodialysis 电泳 electrophoresis
丁达尔效应 Dyndall effect 定容摩尔热容 molar heat capacity under
有机化学术语(中英文对照)教学文案
有机化学术语(中英文对照)1.有机化合物的官能团和重要的基团官能团 functional group双键 double bond三键 triple bond烃基 hydroxyl group琉基 mercapto硫轻基 sulfhydryl group羰基 carbonyl group氨基 amino group亚氨基 imino group硝基 nitro group亚硝基 nitroso group氰基 cyano group羧基 carboxyl group磺基 sulpho group烷基 alkyl group苯基 phenyl group卡基 benzyl group芳基 aryl group烯基 allyl group烷氧基 alkoxyl group酰基 acyl group活性亚甲基 active methylene group2.有机化合物的类型烃 hydrocarbon石蜡 paraffin脂肪烃 aliphatic hydrocarbon烷烃 alkane烯烃 alkene炔烃 alkyne共扼二烯烃 conjugated diene脂环烃 alicyclic hydrocarbon螺环化合物 spiro compound桥环化合物 bridged ring compound芳烃 aromatic hydrocarbon非苯芳烃 nonbenzenoid aromatic hydrocarbon 稠环芳烃 condensed aromatics卤代烃 halohydrocarbon醇 alcohol酚 phenol醚 ether环氧化合物 epoxide冠醚 crown ether硫醇 thiol硫酚 thiophenol硫醚 sulfide二硫化物 disulfide亚磺酸 sulfinic acid磺酸 sulfonic acid亚砜 sulfoxide砜 sulfone醛 aldehyde酮 ketone半缩醛 hemiacetaI半缩酮 hemiketal缩醛 acetal缩酮 ketal西佛碱 shiff's base肟 oxime腙 hydrozone缩氨脲 semicarbazoneα,β-不饱和酮α,β--unsaturated ketone 醌 quinone羧酸 carboxylic acid酰卤 acid halide酸酐 acid anhydride酯 ester酰胺 amide內酯 lactone内酰胺 lactam月青 nitrile取代酸 substituted acid羟基酸 hydroxy acid醇酸 alcoholic acid酚酸 phenolic acid酮酸 keto acidB-酮酸酯 B-ketone ester乙酰乙酸乙醋 ethyl acetoacetate亚硝基化合物 nitroso compound硝基化合物 njtro compound亚胺 imine胺 amine伯胺 primary amine仲胺 secondary amine叔胺 tertiary amine季铵盐 quaternary ammonium salt季铵碱 quaternary ammonium hydroxide 重氮盐 diazonium salt偶氮化合物 azo compound胍 guanidine氨基酸 amino acid磷 phosphine磷酸酯 phosphate亚磷酸酯 phosphite膦酸酯 phosphonate膦酸 phosphonic acid3.杂环化合物吡咯 pyrrol呋喃 furane噻吩 thiophone吲哚 indole卟吩 porphine咪唑 imidazole噻唑 thioazole吡啶 pyridine喹啉 quinoline异喹啉 isoquinoline吡喃鎓盐 pyrylium salts黄酮 flavone嘧啶 pirimidine嘌呤 purine4.有机天然产物肽 peptide多肽 polypeptide核酸 nucleic acid核苷 nucleoside核苷酸 nucleotide生物碱 alkaloid碳水化合物 carbohydrate单糖 monosaccharide醛糖 aldoses酮糖 ketosesD-核糖 riboseD-2-脱氧核糖 deoxyribose葡萄糖 glucose果糖 fructose糖脎 osazone糖苷 glucoside低聚糖 oligosaccharide麦芽糖 maltose蔗糖 sucrose纤维二糖 cellobiose环糊精 cyclodextrin多糖 polysaccharide淀粉 starch纤维素 cellulose类脂 lipid萜类化合物 terpenoid甾族化合物 steroid脂肪 fat油 oil脂肪酸 fatty acid甘油三羧酸酯 triglyceride磷脂 phospholipid磷脂酸 phosphalidic acid蜡 wax5.有机化合物的结构理论价键理论 valence-bond theory分子轨道理论 molecular orbital theory 共振论 resonance theory凯库勒式 Kekule formula路易斯式 Lewis formulaσ键σ bondπ键π bond键能 bond energy键角 bond angle键长 bond Iength成键轨道 bonding orbital反键轨道 antibonding orbital最高已占轨道 HOMO highest occupied molecular orbital最低末占轨道 LUMO lowest unoccupied molecular orbital 诱导效应 inductive effect共轭效应 conjugated effectπ,π-共轭π,π- conjugationp,π-共轭p,π- conjugation超共轭作用 hyperconjugation离域能 delocalization energy共振能 resonance energy给电子基团 electron donating group吸电子基团 electron withdrawing group芳性 aromaticity休克尔规律 Huckel's rule两性离子 Zwitterion6.有机化学中的同分异构异构体 isomer构造 constitution构型 configuration构象 conformation构造异构 constitutional isomerism立体异构 stereo isomerism构型异构 configurational isomerism顺反异构 cis-trans isomerism次序规则 sequence ruIe同侧 Zugammen Z异侧 Entgegen E顺式 cis反式 trans对映异构 enantiomerism = 光学异构旋光异构 optical isomerism旋光性 optical activity旋光度 optical rotation比旋光度 specific rotation对称面 plane of symmetry对称中心 center of symmetry对称轴 axis of symmetry手性 chirality手性分子 chiral molecules对映异构体，对映体 enantiomer非对映体 diastereomer外消旋体 raceme左旋体 leveisomer右旋体 dextroisomer内消旋体 mesomer费歇尔投影式 Fischer projection相对构型 relative configuration绝对构型 absolute configurationR -构型 R -configurationS -构型 S -configuration赤式 erythro苏式 threo外消旋化 racemization拆分 resolution光学纯度 Optical Purity对映体过量百分数 enantiomeric excess立体专一性反应 stereospecific reaction 立体选择性反应 stereoselective reaction不对称合成 asymmetric synthesis构象异构 conformational isomerism构象分析 conformational analysis锯架式 perspective formula纽曼投影式 Newman projection formula椅式 chair form船式 boat form直立键 a键 axial bond 平伏键 e键 equatorial bond互变异构 tautomerism酮式 keto-form烯醇式 enol-form差向异构化 epimerization变旋现象 mutamerism哈武斯式 Haworth form7.有机反应的名称取代反应 substitution reaction加成反应 addition reaction马尔科夫尼可夫规律 Markovnikov rule 共轭加成 conjugate addition消去反应 elemination reaction查依采夫规律 Saytzeff rule霍夫曼规律 Hofmann rule硼氢化反应 hydroboration催化加氢 catalytic hydrogenation聚合反应 polymerization单体 monomer聚合物 polymer硝化反应 nitration卤化反应 halogenation磺化反应 sulfonation烷基化反应 alkylation酰基化反应 acylation酯化反应 esterification酯交换反应 transesterification脱羧反应 decarboxylation氯甲基化反应 chloromethylation傅列德尔-克拉夫茨反应 Friedel-Crafts reaction格利雅反应 Grignard reaction格利雅试剂 (格氏试剂) Grignard reagent赖默-梯曼反应 Reimer-Tiemann reaction卤仿反应 haloform reaction水解反应 hydrolysis reaction醇解反应 alcoholysis reaction氨解反应 ammonolysisi reaction皂化 saponification插烯作用 vinylogy缩合 condensation克莱森缩合 Claisen condensation安息香缩合 benzoin condensation羟醛缩合 aldol condensation列弗尔马茨基反应 Reformatsky reaction迈克尔反应 Michael reaction诺文格尔反应 Knoevenagel reaction加布里反应 Gabriel reaction乙酰乙酸乙酯合成法 acetoacetic ester synthesis 丙二酸酯合成法 malonic ester synthesis 威廉逊合成法 William Son synthesis海森堡试验 Hinsberg test重氮化反应 diazotization reaction偶联反应 coupling reaction脱氨基反应 deamination reaction维悌希反应 Wittig reaction氧化反应 oxidation reaction还原反应 reduction reaction周环反应 pericyclic reaction环加成反应 cycloaddition reaction电环化反应 electrocyclic reaction坎尼扎罗反应 Cannizzaro reaction齐齐巴宾反应 Chichibabin reaction狄尔斯-阿德尔反应 Diels-alder reaction斐林试剂 Fehling reagent托伦试剂 Tollens reagent沃克还原 Wolff-Kishner reduction罗森蒙德还原 Rosenmund reduction克莱门森还原 Clemmenson reduction考普重排 Cope rearrangement霍夫曼重排 Hofmann rearrangement嚬哪醇重排 pinacol rearrangement弗里茨重排 Fries rearrangement克莱森重排 Claisen rearrangement二烯体 diene亲二烯体 dienophile分子轨道对称守恒原理 conversation of orbital symmetry8.有机反应机理均裂 homolytic异裂 heterolytic活性中间体 active intermediate碳正离子 carbocation碳负离子 carbanion烯醇负离子 enolate anion自由基，游离基 free radical卡宾，碳烯 carbene氮烯 nitrene速度决定步骤 rate-determining step哈蒙特假定 Hammond postulate能线图 energy profile过渡状态 transition state邻基参与 neighboring group participation动力学控制 kinetic control热力学控制 thermodynamic control离去基团 leaving group底物 substrate亲电试剂 electrofphile亲核试剂 nucleophile亲电加成反应 electrophilic addition亲电取代反应 electrophilic substitution定位规律 orientation rule亲核取代反应 nucleophilic substitutionSN2 反应机理 SN2 reaction mechanismSN1 反应机理 SN1 reaction mechanism瓦尔登转化 Walden inversion亲核加成反应 nucleophilic addition亲核加成-消去反应 nucleophilic addition-elimination reaction 消去反应机理 elimination reaction mechanismE1 反应机理 E1 reaction mechanismE2 反应机理 E2 reaction mechanism反式消去 anti elimination重排反应机理 rearrangement reaction mechanism自由基反应 free radical reaction链引发 chain initation链增长 chain propagation链终止 chain termination9.有机化合物的光谱红外光谱 IR Infrared spectra傅立叶变换 Fourier Transform指纹区 finger print region吸收频率 absorption frequency紫外光谱 UV Ultraviolet spectra电子跃迁 elctronic transition吸光度 absorbance摩尔消光系数 molar extinction coefficient发色团 chromophore助色团 auxochrome核磁共振 NMR Nuclear Magnetic Resonance1HNMR 谱 1HNMR spectra13CNMR 谱 13CNMR spectra屏蔽效应 shielding effect化学位移 chemical shift自旋偶合 spin-spin coupling自旋裂分 spin-spin splitting偶合常数 coupling constant质子去偶 proton spin decoupling 质子偏共振去偶 proton off-resonance decoupling质谱 Mass Spectra(MS)电子流轰击 election impact (EI)快原子轰击 fast atom bombarment (FAB)分子离子峰 molecular ion peak同位素峰 isotopic peak基峰 base peak质荷比(m/z) mass-to-charge ratio10.分子间作用力氢键 hydrogen bond色散力 dispersion force 范德华力 Van Der Waals force 偶极-偶极作用力 dipole-dipole interraction force11.物理性质熔点 melting point沸点 boiling point密度 density溶解度 solubility偶极矩 dipole moment12.有机化合物的酸碱性酸性 acidity碱性 basicity<HTML>本站材料仅为本院教师与学生教学所用，请勿它用！</HTML>。
有机化学双语词汇表
第一章derivatives 衍生物synthesize 合成isolate 分离isomerism 同分异构现象stability 稳定性polarity 极性solubility 溶解性side-reaction 副反应bond 键tetravalent 四价态valence 价态formula 表达式orbital 轨道heterolysis 异裂homolysis 均裂cation 正离子anion 负离子free radical 自由基acid 酸base 碱conjugate 共轭orbital 轨道functional group官能团第二章Hydrocarbon(烃) Saturated Hydrocarbon(饱和烃) molecule (分子) alkane (烷烃)cycloalkane (环烷烃) Isomer (同分异构体)Constitutional isomers (构造同分异构体)carbon skeleton (碳骨架) Cis-Trans isomerism (顺反异构) Alkyl Group (烷基) Primary (伯)Secondary (仲) Tertiary (叔) Quaternary (季)substituent(取代基) parent chain (主链)hybridization （杂化）conformation （构象异构）conformer（构象异构体）stagger （交叉）eclipse （重叠）boiling point（沸点）melting point（熔点）density（密度）chemical reagent（化学试剂）reactivity（反应活性）halogen （卤素）substitution （取代反应）oxidation （氧化反应）reduction （还原反应）isomeration （异构化反应）addition （加成反应）mixture （混合物）irradiate （照射）mechanism （反应机理）synthesis （合成）alkyl halide （烷基卤化物）aqueous acid （酸的水溶液）catalyst （催化剂）lithium dialkylcuprate （二烷基铜锂）第三章Unsaturated Hydrocarbons（不饱和烃）Alkene（烯烃）Alkyne（炔烃）Nomenclature （命名）Physical Properties （物理性质）Chemical Properties （化学性质）Synthesis（合成）hydrocarbons（烃）double bond (双键) general formula （通用分子式）integer（整数）ethylene（烯烃）tetravalent （四价）share （共用）planar(flat) （平面）approximately （大约）hybridized（杂化）equivalent （等价）orbital （轨道）perpendicular （垂直）approach （靠近）overlap （折叠）valence bond theory （价键理论）geometry（构型）pararrel (平行) Acetylene （乙炔）angle (角度) hybrid orbitals （杂化轨道）axis （轴）syn addition （顺式加成）catalyst （催化剂）release （释放）hyperconjugation (超共轭) steric hindrance (空间位阻) stability (稳定性) bulky (体积大的) regioselectivity (立构选择性) elimination (消除) rearrangement( 重排) dehydration (脱水) messy (乱) primary (伯) secondary (仲) tertiary (叔) relative reactivity (相对活性) catalytic hydration (催化加氢) heterogeneous catalyst (异相催化剂) mechanism (机制) electrophilic addition (亲电加成) polar reagent (极性试剂) reverse (相反) hydrohalogenation (氢卤化) cation (阳离子) anion (阴离子) titration (滴定) bromination (溴化) anti (反式) cis (顺式) intercept (揷入) halonium (卤鎓离子) oxidation (氧化) peroxycarboxylic acid (过氧酸) substituent (取代基) synthetic (合成的) coordinating (配位的) carbonyl (羰基) reduction (还原) tautomerization (异构化) radical (自由基)Hydroboration (氢硼化) internal(内部，中间) aldehyde（醛）nucleophilic （亲核）Epoxide（环氧化物）peroxy acid(过氧酸). Bromomethane （溴甲烷）Treatment （处理）In the same manner (同样的方式) major (主要的) minor (次要的)第四章Conjugated （共轭）Classification （分类）Diene （二烯）isomer（异构体）stability (稳定性) conductor (导体) cycloaddition (环加成) concerted (协同) retention （保持）第五章Aromatic （芳香）Aromaticity （芳香性）Benzene （苯）aliphatic （脂肪性的）fragrant （香味）orth (邻) meta (间) para (对) functional group (官能团) phenyl (苯基)Electrophilic （亲电）nitrate （硝化）halogenate （卤化）sulfonate （磺化）acylate（酰化）competition (竞争) deactivator (钝化剂)第六章Haloalkane (卤代烃) nucleophilic (亲核) polarized (极化) kinetics (动力学) transition state (过渡态) chiral (手性) leaving group (离去基团) bond strength (键强度) electronegativity (电负性)第七章（八章）Alcohol (醇) ethanol （乙醇）ether (醚) hydrophobic (疏水) hydrophilic (亲水) hydrolysis (水解) ester （酯）sodium borohydride (硼氢化钠) aqueous (无水)Work up (处理) simultaneous （同时）oxidation (氧化) organometallics (有机金属) basicity (碱性) ketone （酮）protonation (质子化)rearrangement （重排）unactive (失活) tetrahydrofuran（四氢呋喃）crown ether (冠醚) cation ( 阳离子) intramolecular (分子内) favor( 支持，有助) symmetrical (对称的) strained (张力的)Hinder(阻止)第九章Carbonyl (羰基) ketone (酮) carboxylic acid( 羧酸) aliphatic acid (脂肪酸) Acyl group (酰基) solubility (溶解性) acetic anhydride （乙酸酐）reagent (试剂) condensation (缩合) reaction (反应) nitrile (腈基) nitro group (硝基)。
有机双语学习必备基础词汇汇总
变形
角张力 立体异构 交叉的 构象异构体
benzyl naphthalene phenanthrene
Chapter Eight
alcohol
Alcohols and Phenols
hydrogen bond 氢键
醇 酚
羟基 衍生物 羟基化 硼氢化钠 氢化铝锂
phenols
hydroxyl derivative hydroxylation
general formulas 通式 isomers nomenclature hybridization tetrahedron
同分异构体 命名 杂化 正四面体
constitutional isomers
构造异构
Chapter Two Alkanes and Cycloalkanes
halogen
Stereochemistry
configuration clockwise 构型保持
顺时针 逆时针
非对映异构体
counterclockwise
diastereomers meso compound resolution
内消旋体
拆分
racemate
外消旋体
Chapter Six: Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Aromaticity
alkene
ethylene diene propenyl allyl multiple-bond 烯烃 乙烯 alkyne acetylene vinyl isopropenyl sequence rules enyne steric 炔烃 乙炔 乙烯基 异丙烯基
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Learning Supplementsin Organic Chemistry有机化学双语教学辅助材料（常见中英文专业单词对照）有机化学常见概念中英对照中文名称英文名β-酮酸酯β-ketone esterDL规则DL conventionD-异构体D-isomerE-异构体E isomerL-异构体L-isomern+1规则n+1 ruleπ键pi bondR/S构型命名法Cahn–Ingold–Prelog (CIP) R/S convention R基R groups-反式构象s-trans conformationα,β-不饱和酮α,β-unsaturated ketoneσ键sigma bond氨、氨水ammonia(NH3)氨基amino group氨基酸amino acid氨络物ammine铵根离子ammonium ion(NH4+) ammonium. 胺amine螯合物chelate八隅规则octet rule半缩醛半缩酮hemiketal饱和脂肪族烃saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon 苯benzene苯环phenyl ring苯基phenyl group苯炔; 脱氢苯benzyne苄基；苯甲基benzyl group变性denaturation变旋Mutarotation氢离子活度的pH值pH丙二烯丙烷propane薄层色谱thin layer chromatography(TLC) 不饱和烃unsaturated hydrocarbon不规则的Atactic不完全八隅体incomplete octet布朗斯特碱Br.sted base布朗斯特酸Br.sted acid部分消旋的Scalemic差向异构化作用Epimerization差向异构体Epimers拆分; 分辨率; 分离度Resolution超共轭; 超共轭效应Hyperconjugation稠环芳烃Condensed aromatics船式构象Conformation (boat)纯手性; 纯手性的Homochiral醇Alcohol(ROH)醇酸Alcoholic acid醇盐Alkoxide(RO- M+) alkoxide ion. 醋酸盐Acetate单分子亲核取代反应SN1 reaction单分子消除反应E1 elimination reaction单配位基Monodentate蛋白质Protein等时的；同步的Isochronous等位; 等位的; Homotopic狄尔斯-阿尔德反应Diels-Alder reaction电负性Electronegativity电环化反应、π-键环化反应Electrocyclic reactions电价键; 离子键Ionic bond电偶极矩Electric dipole moment(μ) 电偶极子Electric dipole淀粉Starch动理学; 动力学Kinetics动力学拆分Kinetic resolution动力学产物Kinetic product对Para对称面Plane of symmetry对甲基苯磺酸盐Ots，Tosylate (toluene-4-sulfonate, 4-mec6h4so3)对溴苯磺酸盐Obs，Brosylate (4-bromobenzenesulfonate, 4-brc6h4so3), 对旋Disrotatory对映体Enantiomers对映体过量百分数Enantiomeric excess; enantiomeric ratio对映体过量的Enantiomerically enriched 对映异位的Enantiotopic非质子溶剂Aprotic solvent多步合成Multistep synthesis多配位基的Polydentate多原子分子Polyatomic molecule多原子离子Polyatomic ion惰性电子对Inert pair二环的Bicyclic二硫化物Disulfide二氯甲烷Dichloromethane(CH2Cl2) 二元化合物Binary compound反错构象Anti clinal反芳香性的Anti-aromatic反键轨道Antibonding orbital反平面Anti periplanar反式Trans反式的Anti反式构象Anti conformation反式加成Anti addition范德华力Van der Waals’ radius芳环; 芳族环Aromatic ring(Ar)芳基Aryl group芳烃Aromatic hydrocarbon芳香烃Arene芳族化合物; 芳香族化合物Aromatic compound非苯芳烃Nonbenzenoid aromatic hydrocarbon 非等时同步Anisochronous非对映异构的Diastereotopic非对映异构体Diastereoisomers非手性、非手性的Achiral肥皂Soap费歇尔投影式Fischer projection分馏Fractional distillation分歧、不同Allo-分子单元Formula unit分子轨道理论Molecular orbital theory 分子几何; 分子几何结构Molecular geometry分子离子Molecular ion分子量Molecular weight分子模型Molecular model分子筛Molecular sieve分子式Molecular formula酚Phenol酚酸Phenolic acid酚酞Phenolphthalein风化的Efflorescent砜Sulfone干馏Dry distillation甘油Glycerol甘油, 丙三醇Glycerol(HOCH2CH(OH)CH2OH) 甘油三酸酯Triglyceride高分子化合物Polymer隔离双键Isolated double bonds共扼二烯烃Conjugated diene共轭碱Conjugate base共轭双键Conjugated double bonds 共轭酸Conjugate acid共价键Covalent bond共振结构Resonance structures共振结构式Canonical forms共振效应Resonance effect构象Conformation构象异构体Conformers构型Configuration构造异构体Constitutional isomers固体石蜡Paraffin wax官能团Functional group冠醚Crown ether光学纯Enantiomerically pure (optically pure) 光学纯的Optically pure轨道Orbital国际纯粹与应用化学联合会Iupac过渡态Transition state过氧化物离子Superoxide ion合成材料Synthetic material合成纤维Synthetic fiber合成橡胶Synthetic rubber核磁共振Nmr核间距离，键长Bond length核酸外切酶Exo红外光谱IR spectroscopy，infrared spectroscopy 胡萝卜素Carotene互变体; 互变异构体Tautomer互变异构现象Tautomerism化学计量学; 化学计量法Stoichiometry化学键Chemical bond化学式量; 分子量Formula weight化学位移Chemical shift环化加成反应Cycloaddition reaction环氧化合物Epoxide缓冲溶液Bufferph buffer; buffer solution. 磺化反应Sulfonation reaction磺基Sulpho group磺酸Sulfonic acid混酸甘油酯Mixed glyceride活性亚甲基Active methylene group 基（后缀）-Yl极性分子Polar molecule极性键Polar bond几何异构体Geometric isomer加成反应Addition reaction加成化合物Addition compound加聚反应Addition polymerization 甲基Methyl(-CH3)甲烷Methane价电子Valence electron价键Valence bond假旋转Pseudorotation间位定位Meta-directing碱; 基极Base碱的、碱性的Alkaline碱水解常数Base hydrolysis constant 碱土金属Alkaline earth键焓Bond enthalpy键级Bond order键能Bond energy交叉式构象Conformation (staggered) 交叉式构象Staggered conformation 结构式Structural formula腈Nitrile肼、联氨Hydrazine(NH2NH2)锯架投影式Sawhorse projection聚合反应Po1ymerization均裂Homolytic bond cleavage 卡宾、碳烯Carbene R2C:.醌Quinone蜡Wax离去基团Leaving group离子电离; 离子电离作用Ionic dissociationionize; ionization. 离子盐Ionic compound salt立体化学Stereochemistry立体特异性的，立体专一性的Stereospecific立体选择性的，立体有择性的Stereoselective立体异构体Stereoisomers两性的Amphoteric两性离子Zwitterion两性溶剂Amphiprotic solvent 裂化Cracking裂解Pyrolysis邻Orthogonal邻近的Vicinal硫醇Thiol硫酚Thiophenol硫化物Sulfide卤代烃Halohydrocarbon卤离子Halide ion路易斯碱Lewis base路易斯结构Lewis structure路易斯酸Lewis acid螺环化合物Spiro compound螺旋度; 螺旋性Helicity马尔科夫尼科夫规则Markovniknov’s rule 麦芽糖Maltose煤Coal酶Enzyme醚Ether命名法; 命名原则Nomenclature内Endo内酰胺Lactam内消旋化合物Meso compounds内酯Lactone扭曲式构象Conformation (skewed) 扭转位阻Torsion barrier纽曼投影式Newman projection偶氮Azo偶极矩Dipole moment配体; 配基Ligand配位数Coordination number平键; 平伏键Equatorial bond平均键焓Average bond enthalpy 平面偏振光Plane polarized light葡萄糖Glucose前手性Prochiral强酸Strong acid羟基Hydroxy group羟基酸Hydroxy acid桥环化合物Bridged ring compound 桥头碳原子Bridgehead carbon亲电体; 亲电子试剂Electrophile亲核试剂Nucleophile亲核性Nucleophilicity亲双烯体Dienophile氢键Hydrogen bond氢氧化物Hydroxide氢氧化物、水合物Hydrate氰基Cyano group巯基Mercapto巯基Sulfhydryl group区域选择性Regioselective取代反应Substitution reaction取代基Substituent取代酸Substituted acid全规的；全同立构的Isotactic醛Aldehyde(RCHO)醛的后缀-Al炔烃Alkyne热力学Thermodynamics热力学产物Thermodynamic product 弱酸Weak acid叁键Triple bond石蜡Paraffin石蕊试纸Litmus paper石油Petroleum实验式; 经验式;Empirical formula手性; 手性的Chiral手性分子Chiral molecule手性中心Chiral center手性中心、不对称中心Stereogenic centre (Chiral centre, Asymmetric centre) 双分子亲核取代反应SN2 reaction双分子消除反应E2 elimination reaction双峰; 双重谱线Doublet双键Double bond双烯; 二烯烃Diene双原子分子Diatomic molecule水合氢离子Hydronium ion(H3O+)水解反应Hydrolysis reaction水煤气,蓝煤气；合成气Water gas;blue gas; synthesis gas 顺错构象Syn clinal顺式Cis顺式；同；共；Syn顺式共平面Syn periplanar顺式加成Syn addition顺旋Conrotatory赤式Erythro塑料Plastic塑料的老化Plastic ageing酸、酸的Acid酸电离常数Acid dissociation constant. 酸酐Acid anhydride酸碱指示剂Acid-base indicator羧基Carboxyl group羧酸Carboxylic acid缩氨脲Semicarbazone缩酮Ketal碳水化合物、糖类Carbohydrate碳正离子Carbocation羰基Carbonyl group糖Sugar天然产物Natural product铁离子Ferric ion.烃、碳氢化合物Hydrocarbon烃的衍生物Derivative of hydrocarbon 烃基Hydrocarbonyl同侧的Suprafacial同分异构体Isomer同系物Homo1og同系物; 同系化合物Homolog铜离子Cupric. (cu2+) cupric ion 酮Ketone酮Ketone(R-CO-R')酮酸Keto acid脱氢酶Dehydrogenases歪扭构象; 偏转构象Gauche conformation外消旋化作用Racemization外消旋混合物Racemic mixture烷基Alkyl group烷基Alkyl(-cnh2n+1) alkyl group. 烷烃Alkane paraffin.烷氧基Alkoxyl group王水Aqua regia未共用电子对Lone pair位阻Steric hindrance位阻异构体Atropisomers肟Oxime无机化合物Inorganic compound 无机化学Inorganic chemistry 无水的Anhydrous西佛碱Shiff's base吸湿的Hygroscopic吸湿性; 吸水性Hygroscopicity烯丙基Allyl group烯丙基正离子Allylic carbon烯烃Alkene洗涤剂Detergent洗脱; 洗脱法；洗剂Elution纤维素Cellulose酰胺Amide酰基Acyl group酰卤Acid halide消去反应Elimination reaction消旋体Racemate硝化反应Nitratlon reaction硝基Nitro group硝酸，王水Nitric acid. (hno3) aqua fortis 协定的, 一致的；协同的Concerted偕的Geminal辛烷Octane休克尔规则Hückel's rule溴的四氯化碳溶液Solution of bromine in carbon tetrachloride 溴水Bromine water旋光计Polarimeter旋光性Optical activity亚氨基Imino group亚砜Sulfoxide亚磺酸Sulfinic acid亚铁离子Ferrous ion亚铜离子Cuprous. (cu+) cuprous ion亚硝基Nitroso group 盐析Salting-out阳离子Cation乙醇Ethanol乙二胺四乙酸Edta乙醛Ethana1乙炔Ethyne乙酸Acetic acid乙酸Ethanoic acid 乙酸乙酯Ethyl acetate乙缩醛二乙醇Acetal乙烯Ethene乙酰乙酸乙酯Ethyl acetoacetate椅式构象Conformation (chair) 椅型构象; 椅式构象Chair conformation 异头物Anomers异位的Syndiotactic阴离子Anion阴碳离子; 负碳离子Carbanion银镜反应Silver mirror reaction 硬脂酸、十八酸Stearic acid油脂Oils and fats有机化合物Organic compound有旋光活性的Optically active右旋的Dextrorotatory (d)诱导效应Inductive effect原子化热Enthalpy of atomization. ( hat) 杂化; 杂交Hybridization杂化轨道Hybrid orbitals杂环的, 不同环式的Heterocyclic皂化作用Saponification蔗糖Sucrose正交Ortho脂肪酸Fatty acid脂肪族的Aliphatic脂环烃Alicyclic hydrocarbon 直角的；正交的Ortho-para director直立键Axial bonds指纹区Fingerprint region酯Ester酯化反应Esterification质谱法Mass spectrometry质子Proton质子给体; 质子给予体Proton donor质子溶剂Protic solvent中和反应Neutralization reaction 中间体Intermediate中介效应Mesomeric effect中性的Neutral轴手性；轴不对称性Axial chirality自由基，根，原子团Radical自由基; 游离基Free radical腙Hydrozone左旋的Laevorotatory (l)重氮化; 重氮化作用Diazotization重氮盐Diazonium salt重叠式构象Conformation (eclipsed) 重叠式构象Eclipsed conformation 重键; 多重键Multiple bond周环反应Pericyclic reactions。