老年人对社区药学服务需求的调查分析

老年人对社区药学服务需求的调查分析

发表时间：2019-06-11T09:49:34.820Z 来源：《医师在线（学术版）》2019年第07期作者：蔡佩绵1，2，翁开源1

[导读] 社区老年人用药种类多，用药依从性低，对药学服务了解不高，迫切需要社区药学服务，药师提供药学服务可以提高老年居民用药依从性，促进其安全用药。

(1.广东药科大学,广东广州 510060；2.南沙街社区卫生服务中心,广东广州511457)

摘要:目的了解老年人用药现状、用药行为、对药学服务的需求，探索适合社区老年人的药学服务方式，提高老年群体的生存质量,为促进老年人合理用药提供参考依据。方法采用问卷调查的方式，对某市社区老年人用药现状进行调查，并对调查结果进行分析。结果共发出300份问卷，回收有效问卷287份，有效回收率95.7%。69.3%老年人患有高血压，服用 4 种及以上药品占31.0%。遵医嘱服药的占

55.1%，老年人存在重复用药、自行加减药量等错误的用药行为。21.6%的老年人对药学服务了解，认为社区卫生服务中心开展药学服务重要的占85.4%。老年人最期望的药学服务是用药指导和电话随访用药现状。结论社区老年人用药种类多，用药依从性低，对药学服务了解不高，迫切需要社区药学服务，药师提供药学服务可以提高老年居民用药依从性，促进其安全用药。

Abstract: objective to understand the current situation of drug use, drug use behavior of the elderly and their demand for pharmaceutical care, explore the appropriate pharmaceutical care mode for the elderly in the community, improve the quality of life of the elderly population, and provide reference basis for promoting the rational drug use of the elderly. Methods a questionnaire survey was conducted to investigate the status of drug use among the elderly in a certain city, and the survey results were analyzed. Results a total of 300 questionnaires were sent out, 287 of which were valid and the effective recovery rate was 95.7%. 69.3% of the elderly suffered from hypertension, and 31.0% took four or more drugs. Those who took medicine according to the doctor's advice accounted for 55.1%, and the elderly showed wrong medication behaviors, such as repeated medication and self-dosage reduction. 21.6 percent of the elderly have an understanding of pharmaceutical services, and 85.4 percent consider it important for community health service centers to provide pharmaceutical services. The most expected pharmacological services for the elderly were medication guidance and telephone follow-up. Conclusion there are many types of drugs for the elderly in the community, and their compliance with drugs is low, so they do not have a high understanding of pharmaceutical services. Therefore, community pharmaceutical services are urgently needed. Pharmaceutical services provided by pharmacists can improve the compliance of elderly residents with drugs and promote their safe drug use.

关键词：老年人；药学服务；需求；调查

Key words: the elderly; Pharmaceutical services; Demand; survey

到2030年我国60 岁及以上老年人口将到4亿，预计到 2050 年我国老年人口将占总人口的1/3[1]。老年人患有慢性病的比例大，通常需要长期服用多种药物，但用药依从性不高,且存在自行加药、减药或重复用药、漏服等现象，老年人已成为不合理用药的高危人群。以老年人为主要研究对象的社区药学服务（community pharmaceutical care，CPC）越来越受到药学从业人员的重视。研究表明CPC能有效改善老年患者对疾病的认知度、控制率及降低医疗成本[2]。因此，笔者在2017年5-6月对某市300名老年人用药情况和药学服务需求进行调查，为更好地开展老年人CPC提供科学依据，为保障老年人合理用药提供参考。

1.研究对象与方法

1.1 研究对象

从某市随机抽取5个社区，以在社区居住且愿意配合调查的居民作为调查对象，年龄≥60岁。

1.2 研究方法

查阅相关文献，通过咨询专家和根据老年人用药特点自拟调查问卷，由经过培训考核合格的调查员到受访者所在社区，开展调查工作及以匿名方式填写。问卷题型包括单选题和多选题，内容包括：调查对象基本情况、用药行为、药学服务调查等三个部分。

1.3统计学处理

用Excel 2007软件双人核对录入数据，计数资料采用百分率表示。

2.调查结果

2.1基本情况

男性占36.6%，女性占63.4%。60-70岁占35.5%，70-80岁占46.0%，80岁以上占18.5%。高中及以上学历占40.1%，初中及以下占46.3%，文盲为13.6%。享有医疗保险和公费医疗分别为85.0%和4.9%，自费为10.1%，详情见表1。

2.2主要病种和用药情况

患有高血压、糖尿病和冠心病分别为69.3%，32.4%和25.4%，失眠和骨质疏松分别占23.0%和34.8%。同时服用 4 种及以上药品的患