过去分词作定语,表语,宾语

过去分词做定语和表语

一、过去分词作定语

★及物动词的过去分词作定语时，一般表被动的和完成的动作；而不及物动词的过去分词作定语时，只表示完成的动作。如：

Joe always has milk and fried egg for breakfast.

The path is covered by fallen leave.

★单个的过去分词作定语时一般放在被修饰词之前；过去分词短语作定语要放在被修饰词之后，其作用相当于一个定语从句。如：

You can use fresh or frozen fish.

What is the language spoken in that country? ＝What is the language that is spoken in that country?

put on上演

The play put on by the teacher was a big success. ＝The play that had been put on by the teachers was a big success.

注意：☆如果被修饰的词是由every/some/any/no+ thing/body/one所构成的复合代词时，即使是单个的过去分词作定语，也要放在被修饰词之后。如：

There isn't anything left in that desk.

☆过去分词短语有时还可以用作非限制性定语，相当于一个非限制性定语从句，前后用逗号隔开。

Some of them, born and brought up in rural villages, have never

seen a train.＝Some of them, who were born and brought up in rural villages, have never seen a train.

【拓展】done, to be done和being done作定语的区别：它们都可作定

语，表示被动意义，但时间含义上有所不同。过去分词表示的被动的动作已完成；不定式的被动式表示的被动的动作将要发生；动词-ing形式的被动式表示的被动

的动作正在进行。如：

Do you know the number of books ordered by Kevin?

My brother will take part in the football match to be held next week.

What do you think of the meeting being held in Vienna?

二、过去分词做表语

过去分词可用在be, keep, remain, stay, seem, appear, look, feel,

get等系动词后作表语，用来说明主语的状态、性质、特征等。如：

slightly adv. 些微地，轻微地；纤细地

I 'm afraid I 'm slightly drunk.

The children seemed pleased with the result of the game.

【拓展】英语里有许多表示“情绪变化”的动词，如：amuse, bore, interest, disappoint, encourage, excite, frighten, inspire, move, please, satisfy, surprise, worry等，它们的动词-ing形式和过去分词均可在句中作定

语或表语，相当于形容词，但意义和用法却有着很大的区别。动词-ing形式往往表示其修饰对象所具有的特征，常译为“令人……的”；过去分词多表示其修饰对象所处的心理状态，常译为“感到……的”。（动词-ing多修饰物，过去分词多修饰人）。

过去分词做宾语补足语

“leave+宾语+宾补”的用法总结

1.由过去分词来充当宾语补足语：leave sth/sb done，常用来表示宾语所处的状态或表示动作已经完成。(宾语和宾补被动关系)

2.由现在分词来充当宾语补足语：leave sb/sth doing,常用来表示使某人或某物一直做某事(宾语和宾补逻辑上的主动关系).

3.由形容词来充当宾语补足语：

4.由副词作宾语补足语

5. 由介词的复合结构充当宾语补足语：

(1)Leave him in peace!

(2)His illness left him with a weak heart.

(3)You’ve left her name off the list.

(4)This matter left her without a way of hope.

6.由名词作宾语补足语

23456皆可用于被动语态

过去分词作宾语补足语，表示被动的工作或完成的意义，宾语补足语与宾语之间常常存在逻辑上的动宾关系，即宾语是过去分词所表示的动作上的承受者。

【归纳】可以接过去分词作宾语补足语的动词主要有：

★find, watch, see, observe, hear, notice等感官动词。如;

He tried the door and found it locked.

We are pleased to see the problem settled so quickly.

We can hear the windows beaten by the heavy rain drops.

★make, get, have, keep, leave等使役动词。如：

They managed to make themselves understood in very simple English.

put forward放好；抛弃；储存

It is wise to have some money put away for old age.

adj. 未受影响的；未改变的；未触动过的；不受感动的

He was very busy and often left his lunch untouched.

★wish, like, want, order,等表示“希望、想要、要求”的动词。如：

I want my house painted white.